[Peter Cutul (2025)] Stockbridge Company with sabers. The Stockbridge put up a fierce defense which impressed the seasoned British officers. Simcoe commented that “the Indians fought most gallantly”, even “pulling more than one of the cavalry from their horses.” 53 Tarleton was pulled off his horse and could have been easily killed if the Native American that had him in his clutches had a bayonet. In the ferocious struggle that ensued, the overwhelming British force outnumbering the natives five to one, however, proved to be too much. 54 Estimates suggest that the Stockbridge lost anywhere between 17 to 40 men, including Chief Nimham and his son. After wounding Captain Simcoe, Nimham was killed by Simcoe’s orderly, Private Edward Wight. However, before succumbing, Nimham had wounded Captain Simcoe and was reported by Simcoe to have said, that “he himself was old, and would die there.” 55 The results were devastating for the Stockbridge. The four Indians still left in military service a month later went home to their families. 56 In a cruel development, the survivors of the Company and the families of those killed were denied lands promised to soldiers who had fought on the American side. 57 Further, by 1784, those left in Stockbridge (mainly widows) had largely lost their land to land speculators and settlers using unscrupulous means.58 Taking up an Oneida offer to help, by the mid-1780s, most of the Stockbridge Natives moved north to join the Oneida, near Oneida Lake, forming New Stockbridge. Building a school, church, and a sawmill, the community flourished for a number of years. However, the success of the community was to be Katharine Mixer Abbott, Old Paths and Legends of the New England Border: Connecticut, Deerfield, Berkshire (New York: The Knickerbocker Press, 1907) 228- 230. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockbridge_Militia ) 52 Bryan Rindfleisch, “The Stockbridge-Mohican Community, 1775- 1783”, Journal of the American Revolution (Feb. 3, 2016), https://allthingsliberty.com/2016/02/the-stockbridge-mohican-community-1775-1783/ . 53 John Graves Simcoe, Simcoe’s Military Journal, 86 54 Robert S. Grumet, The Nimhams of the Colonial Hudson Valley, 1667- 1783, Hudson Valley Regional Review (September 1992), 9.2: 91 55 John Graves Simcoe, Simcoe’s Military Journal, 86 56 Laurence M. Hauptman, “The Road to Kingsbridge: Daniel Nimham and the Stockbridge Indian Company in the American Revolution,” American Indian Magazine, Vol. 18, No. 3 (Fall 2017). 57 Ibid. 58 “Origin and Early History,” Stockbridge-Munsee Community, Band of Mohican Indians website, accessed 9/4/2020, https://www.mohican.com/?url=origin-early-history 51 short-lived. Starting in 1818, pressured by land companies pushing New York to remove all Indians from its borders, many Oneida and Stockbridge left New York for good, heading first to Michigan and then Wisconsin. 59 In 1832 the final straw broke when Congress enacted President Andrew Jackson's Indian Removal Act by which all Indians from the East would be moved to lands west of the Mississippi River. According to Stockbridge-Munsee Community, Band of Mohicans tribal history, “A group of Stockbridge Mohicans, fearing the inevitable, moved to Kansas and Oklahoma in 1839. Many died while making this journey. Some reached Kansas and Oklahoma and married into other tribes. Most simply gave up and returned to Wisconsin, which had gained statehood in 1848. During this period a group of Munsee joined the people at Stockbridge, Wisconsin, and were accepted into the community. Known at first as the Stockbridge and Munsee, eventually this community was simply called the ‘Stockbridge-Munsee." 60 Showcasing the resilience of Daniel Nimham and the Stockbridge, today, the Stockbridge Munsee Mohican Indian Nation thrives, running a casino, a golf course and resort, and a convenience store franchise in Shawano County, Wisconsin. Further, ancestors of stalwart Wappinger holdouts still remain in the Northeast, highlighting that the Nimham legacy lives on. 61 Although cheated out of land, liberty, and justice, the saga of Chief Daniel Nimham and his people is now being brought to light and commemorated. If not for the coronavirus, the Daniel Nimham Intertribal Pow Wow would have been celebrating its 20th season. In addition to recent monuments in the County and a Veteran’s medal featuring Nimham, in East Fishkill, a new sculpture is in the works by noted sculptor Michael Keropian, as the story of Daniel Nimham and his people continues. 62 59 Ibid. Ibid. 61 Michael Keropian, Artist and Nimham researcher, personal communication, Jan. 2019 62 Michael Keropian, Artist and Nimham researcher, personal communication, Jan. 2019 60