[NYSAA (1986)] Kill base dates to about 1600-1500 B.C., and the complete Orient Fishtail point and basal fragments can be dated to about 1000-700 B.C. There are no points in the collection that can be assigned to the Early or Middle Woodland periods. One Levanna point indicates occupation during late Middle Woodland or Late Woodland times (c. A.D. 9001300); the potsherds found at the site also date to this period. The apparent gap in occupation from 700 B.G. to A.D. 900 is consistent with the general pattern observed at other rockshelters in the Hudson Valley (Funk 1976). Possible explanations of this pattern are: 1) decreased population, 2) a shift in settlement pattern, and 3) persistence of Late Archaic stemmed point types into Woodland times. Even if we were to accept attribution of some of the stemmed points to the post-Archaic period, we would still have to explain the paucity or absence of recognized Early and Middle Woodland points, such as Rossville, Adena, Lagoon, Meadowood, and Fox Creek, at the Ossining site and in other rockshelters in the Hudson Valley. Obviously, in view of the unknown quantities of artifacts removed from the Ossining Rockshelter by Case, and the relatively small sample of points at our disposal, it would be unwise to use the relative percentages of artifacts present as the basis for estimation of Late Archaic vs. Woodland populations or frequency of site visitation. However, the larger, intact collection from the nearby Hanotak Rockshelter conveys the same impression of intensive Late Archaic occupation and a subsequent near abandonment of the site. The Hanotak collection includes 12 points of Vosburg or Brewerton type, 91 narrow stemmed points, 7 Snook Kill-like points, 1 Susquehanna Broad point, 1 Genesee point, 4 Orient Fishtail points, 3 Jack's Reef Pentagonal points, 9 Levanna points, and 6 which may be Beekman triangle or Levanna points. As in the smaller Ossining Rockshelter collection, Early Woodland types are absent. Also noteworthy is the paucity of Transitional material, relative to the abundance of Late Archaic stemmed points. This situation contrasts sharply with that observed in surface collections from the northern shore of Long Island Sound, where Orient Fishtail points are much more numerous than any other type. Funk (1976:266) has noted that only 6.5% of Susquehanna Broad points and 5.2% of Orient Fishtails found in the Hudson Valley came from back-country rockshelters. He suggests that the people who made Orient Fishtail points often camped along major inland streams, and also set up camps on high bluffs overlooking the Hudson, during the fall and winter. I have recovered significant quantities of deer bone from oyster shell middens at Croton Point which also yielded points of Transitional and Early Woodland types. If deer hunting was primarily a fall activity, as is generally assumed, the evidence from Croton Point would be consistent with Funk's model of Transitional settlement patterns. Concerning the Early Woodland material from the Hudson Valley, Funk observes that "Both Adena and Meadowood points are quite No. 92, Spring, 1986 43 Rarely encountered in rockshelters, where they are actually less common than nearly all other types”, and he further notes “the extreme rarity of Vinette pottery on inland rockshelters” (1976: 278). He concludes that Early Woodland groups camped near the Hudson or its major tributaries throughout the year, rarely moving inland. The absence of Early Woodland material at the Ossining and Hanotak sites is consistent with this model. The overall scarcity of Meadowood and Adena-Middlesex material in the Hudson Valley raises the possibility that, not only did the settlement pattern change, but a significant reduction of population also occurred in the Early Woodland period. The predominance of Narrow Stemmed points in the Ossining collection, and the presence of Vosburg points, fit the pattern discerned by Funk at other inland rockshelters in the Hudson Valley. He suggests that Vosburg bands camped beside rivers, streams, and lakes during the spring and summer; in the fall and winter, these groups dispersed into nuclear families or small multifamily units, which used rockshelters as hunting camps “while fishes, turtles, mussels, and other aquatic species were not accessible in frozen streams, while migratory birds were far to the south, and while certain mammals were in hibernation” (Funk 1976: 246). He notes that “inland rockshelters and open camps invariably fail to produce such items as plummets, ground slate points, and ulus. Only two shelters have contained gouges” (1976: 245). Funk observes that “of the classic non-projectile point Laurentian traits, only the ulu is moderately numerous in the lower Hudson Valley, and this is due to its remarkably high incidence on the Bannerman site. The gouge is unreported south of the Hudson-Catskill area, to the writer’s knowledge. Plummets are absent from collections south of the latitude of Newburgh. Ground slate points or knives are unknown south of Coxsakie” (1976: 244). In