[Reginald Pelham Bolton (1922)] The trade which thus passed through or across Manhattan was probably fostered, AND MONOGRAPHS 40 INDIAN PATHS as it has been in modern times, by the control of money. The native medium for the exchange of values, the coveted and laboriously produced shell bead or wampum, was largely a Long Island product. The shallow waters around the island teemed with the quahaug or hard-shell clam, from the dark portions of which the more valu-able purple beads were derived, and also with the periwinkle or conch, from which the white beads were made. The accumulations of discarded shells around its shores testify to the activity of the coinage industry, and the wealth thus created flowed naturally to Manhattan, and found its way into the pouches of traders up the Hudson, to the distant homes of the Wappinger and the Mohawk, or along the Sound shore to the villages of the Siwanoy and the Pequot. In addition to their position of advantage in regard to this line of production at the great wampum-making stations of the Canarsee, that chieftaincy controlled its export by reason of its situation on the main line of travel, and by its close relationship with the Manhattan chief-INDIAN NOTES MANHATTAN 41 taincy. It looks very much as though