[Robert Bolton, Jr. (1848)] "Tarrytown, Sing Sing, and some others, are charming positions on the Hud-son, where are small villages and landings, with considerable trade. Tappan Bay, a wide place in the Hudson, is here three miles in width, where crowds of shipping are constantly seen passing in opposite directions, exhibiting a most elegant display of commercial activity.''^ ''The County of Westchester is based on primitive rock called hypogcne, or granite gneiss, lons^ ridges of which intersect the county, with here and there small veins of iron ore and quartz. Large numbers of granite boulders are found here, both inland and on the coast; also some fine quarries of white marble and two silver and gold mines at Sing Sing and Peeks-kill." According to the late geographical survey the principal minerals are, white marble, iron ore, galena, sulphate of barytes, » See Spafford's Gazetteer of N. Y. INTRODUCTION. xv copper, iron and zinc, oxide of manganese, green carbonate of copper, serpentine, calcareous spar, phosphate of lime, hydrate and carbonate of magnesia, quartz, drusy, calcedony, agate, jas-