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HISTORY

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MANNERS AND CUSTOMS; TRIBAL

ORIGIN,

AND SUB-TRIBAL ORGANIZATIONS; WARS, TREATIES, ETC., ETC.

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RUTTENBER, \6aS~-

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Author of the History of Nevvburgh.

GOOD TO MUSE ON NATIONS PASSED AWAY FOREVER FROM THE LAND WE CALL OUR OWN NATIONS AS PROUD AND MIGHTY IN THEIR DAY, WHO DEEMED THAT EVERLASTING WAS THEIR THRONE."

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Sands.

ALBANY, N. Y. J.

:

MUNSELL, 82 STATE STREET. 1872.

H7S

Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1872,

By E. M. RUTTENBEB, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.

353 \O Bancroft Librao>

PREFACE. HE pioneer in new fields of historic inquiry encounters many obstacles from which those

who follow the more beaten paths of investi gation are exempt, and especially so if the inquiry involves conclusions differing materially from those

which have been generally accepted. The experience of the author in prosecuting the investigations, the results of which have been embodied in the work which

now submitted to the public, have been no exception Not only had the history of the Indians to this rule. who occupied the valley of Hudson's river never been is

written, but the incidental references to them, in the histories of nations more prominent at a later period

treating

them

as

mere fragmentary bands without

organization or political position among the aboriginal nations being regarded as erroneous^ the inquiry

involved the rejection, to a very great extent, of the conclusions of others, and the investigation and ana-