[J. Thomas Scharf (1886)] To appreciate what these were really worth under the Philipses, we have to put back the since increased population, the since expended labor in clearing oil" forests, shaping farms and roads and I planting ornamental and fruit-trees, and the present market, which growth of population and expanding needs have created. All of Philipsburgh that lay within old Colendonck was probably not worth in j 1(182 fifty cents an acre, and the part of the manor-house built in H>82 did not probably cost beyond twenty-five hundred dollars. Nor does the spell upon us grow out of any impression we have of the amazing liberality of the Philipse family in leaving or giving money to build and endow a church. We must not measure their liberality by any present standard. It was according to the ideas of their time. When the Becond Lord Philipse left four hundred pounds for a 1 church building, it was understood that the amount should be mostly levied as a tax upon the tenants of hifl manor, and paid in cash or in labor, lie had a right, under his charter, to levy such tax. His power was almost unlimited. He held criminal court an-nually, both here and at Tarrytown, ami he exercised legislative, judicial and executive powers, even to the extent of sometimes inflicting capital punishment. He had the control of all church matters within his manor and power to levy taxes and collect them by dis-