reared upon the foundations formed by the people of that day. The water is now conveyed across this valley by an iron pipe of 3 feet interior diameter. In the progress of pre- paring foundations for the piers of the bridge, an embank- ment has been formed across the River and the pipe leaving the Aqueduct on the north side of the valley follows down the slope of the hill, and crossing over the River upon this embankment, ascends on the south side again to the Aque- duct. At the bottom or lowest point in this pipe, a branch pipe of 1 foot diameter has been connected, extending a distance of 80 feet from it at right angles and horizontally : the end of this pipe is turned upwards to form a jet, and iron plates are fastened upon it giving any form that may be desired to the water issuing. The level of this branch pipe is about 120 feet below the bottom of the Aqueduct on the north side of the valley ; affording an opportunity for a beautiful jet deau ; — such an one as cannot be obtained at the fountains in the city. From an orifice of seven inches diameter the column of water rises to a height of 115 feet when there is only a depth of 2 feet of water in the Aqueduct. 112 To those who had watched over the work during its con- struction and looked for its successful operation, this was peculiarly gratifying. To see the water leap from this opening and rise upwards with such force and beauty, occasioned pleasing emotions and gave proof that the de- sign and construction of the work were alike faultless, and that all the fondest hopes of its projectors would be realized. The scenery around this fountain added much to its beauty ; there it stood, — a whitened column rising from the river, erect, or shifting its form, or waving like a forest tree as the winds swayed it, with the rainbow tints resting upon its spray, while on either side the wooded hills arose to rival its height : all around was of nature ; no marble basin, — no allegorical figures, wrought with exquisite touches of art to lure the eye, but a fountain where nature had adorned the place with the grandeur and beauty of her rude hills and mountain scenery. Plate XX. is a distant view of the jet at Harlem River. From Harlem River the Aqueduct passes along the south bank of the River for a short distance where it rests in the side of the rocky hill, and continues over an uneven surface encountering two tunnels before it reaches Manhattan Val- ley, which is about 35 miles from the Croton dam. This valley is four fifths of a mile wide where the Aqueduct meets it, and the depression is 102 feet below the plane of Aqueduct grade. Here was an opportunity for constructing a work of architectural beauty and boldness by building up with ar- cades of arches, one line above another, and thus maintain the regular inclination of the Aqueduct ; but considerations of economy forbade it. Where the Aqueduct reaches the nwnMHMM[ -1 M ? a K % fa -l Ml 9 Ml <g 113 north side of the valley, a gate chamber is formed, and from this, two pipes of 3 feet interior diameter descend to the bottom of the valley and ascend on the south side to another gate chamber where they connect with the Aqueduct again. Provision is made for four pipes of 3 feet diameter, but at present only two are laid which answer the demands of the city at this time. At the bottom of the valley waste cocks are provided which discharge into a sewer leading to the Hudson River, a distance of half a mile. The lowest point in the pipes is 102 feet below the bot- tom of the water way of the Aqueduct on the north side of the valley. From Manhattan Valley the Aqueduct passes through a tunnel, and following its course the next work of interest is at Clendinning Valley, which is thirty-seven miles from the Croton Dam. This valley is 1900 feet across, and the Aqueduct is supported upon a foundation wall of dry stone work having the face laid in mortar, except over three streets where bridges are built, having an arch of 30 feet span for the carriage-way and one on each side of 10i feet span for the side walks. These bridges are over 98th, 99th, and 100th streets. Plate XXI. is a view of a portion of the work at Clendin- ning Valley showing the three bridges ; and comprises a length of about 700 feet. The greatest