[Frederic Shonnard & W.W. Spooner (1900)] SETTLEMENT AND BEGINNINGS OF THE MANORIAL ESTATES N the 6th of September, 1664, the City of New Am-sterdam surrendered to an English fleet which had been secretly dispatched across the Atlantic to take J possession of the Dutch dominions in America; and soon afterward the fortified places of the Dutch on the Dela-ware and the upper Hudson gave in their allegiance to the new rulers of the land. For many years the whole course of events in New Netherland had been steadily tending to this eventuality. As early as 1050, when the Hartford articles of agreement between Stuy-vesant and the commissioners of the United Colonies of New Eng-land were signed, the Dutch pretensions to territorial ownership on the banks of the Connecticut were abandoned, and the English rights as far west as Greenwich on the Sound and to within ten miles of the Hudson River in the interior were recognized. At the same time, sovereignty on Long Island was formally divided with the English, it being provided in the articles that "upon Long Island a line run from the westernmost part of Oyster Day, so, and in a straight and direct line, to the sea, shall be the bounds betwixt the English and Dutch there, the easterly part to belong to the English and the west-ernmost part to the Dutch." Subsequent developments were uni-