[Frederic Shonnard & W.W. Spooner (1900)] reciting, under seven different heads, their local grievances against the Dutch. In this paper no specific remedy was prayed for, and it appears to have been drawn merely to put on record the real and supposed injuries that the settlers had suffered from the New Neth-erland government, and to attract official attention to their commu-nity. O'Callaghan shows that in some of its more serious charges it is distinctly untruthful, suggesting a malignant animus. It con-cluded with the bitter complaint that, because of the conduct of the Dutch, the plantation is at " a low estate," that conduct having operated as " an utter obstruction from the peopling and improv-ing of a hopeful country." The form of tenure under which New Netherland was granted to the Duke of York by the king was defined in the patent as fol-lows: "To be holden of us, our heirs, and successors, as of our Manor of Greenwich and our County of Kent, in free and common AFTER THE ENGLISH CONQUEST 135 socage, and not in capite, nor by knight service, yielding and ren-dering of and for the same, yearly and every year, forty beaver skins when they shall be demanded, or within ninety days there-after." This meant simply that there was to be no feudal tenure of lands under its provisions (all feudal tenures having, in fact, been