[Frederic Shonnard & W.W. Spooner (1900)] tion, conducted by Johannes Verveelen, in whom the privilege was vested for six years. He was required to maintain a tavern for the accommodation of the public. Special favors were extended to him in consideration of the expense that he was under and to encourage him in his enterprise. He was given a small piece of land on the Bronx side to build a house on. The sole right to remove cattle from one shore to the other belonged to him, and persons swrimraing cattle over were obliged to pay him half the ferriage rate per head. The "fording place" on Spuyten Duyvil Greek was fenced about so as to prevent its surreptitious use for cattle. Finally, he was ex-empted from all excise duties on wine or beer retailed by him for the space of one year. The ferriage charges, as fixed by law, were: For every passenger, two pence silver or six pence wampum; for PROGRESS OF PURCHASE AND SETTLEMENT 143 every ox or cow brought into the ferryboat, eight pence or twenty-four stivers wampum; cattle under a year old, six peine or eighteen stivers wampum. Government messages between New York and Connecticut were free.