[Frederic Shonnard & W.W. Spooner (1900)] Luke Babcock, who preaches and prays for Colonel Philipse and his tenants at Philipse-burgh." Tn his analysis of the signers of the protest he showed that no fewer than one hundred and seventy of the three hundred and twelve were persons not possessing the least pretensions to a vote, many of them being lads under age; while of the one hundred and forty-two who were freeholders many held lands at the will of Colonel Philipse, " so that," he concluded, " very few independent freeholders objected to the appointment of deputies." Theaccuracy of this analysis was never challenged; and it thus appears that with all the advant-ages of prestige enjoyed by the conservative leaders they were able to muster scarcely a hundred disinterested voters in opposition to a po litical programme which they had announced to be " replete with ruin and misery." Moreover, several formal recantations of the pro-test by persons who had signed it followed, showing that, as in the case of the Rye protestants of the year before, various individuals who had been drawn into support of Tory principles were speedily brought to a realizing sense of the odiousness of their behavior. Among the recanters was Jonathan Fowler, one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas of the county, who, in a published card,