O'Brien discusses the cow image, borrowed from the tradition of English land- scape paintings in the pastoral mode, pp.186, 316 (n.72). 23. Private collection, Helen Tower Wilson, along with other related letters. Tower apparently produced his book under his own enterprise and with his own money. Later, he also wrote that the book was well received. 24. Mary Bartlett Cowdrey, American Academy of Fine Arts and American Art- Union Exhibition Record, 1816-1852 (New York; The New York Historical Society, 1953), p.185. According to York Gallery, the figures in Hill's watercolor may be dredging the road, yet their niral surroundings and manner of work still connote the countryside more than urban progress. 25. Though the painting was published as the work of Agate in A Celebration of Westchester: Arts and Decoration of Three Hundred Years (Three exhibitions in hon- or of Westchester County's Tricentennial) (The Scarsdale Historical Society, 1982), p.34. The Osslning Historical Society also suggests an alternate attribution to T. J, Carmlchael, who lived nearby and worked on the Aqueduct project in that town. A painting of the Sing Sing Aqueduct Bridge by a T. J. Carmtehael (kxsatton unknown, unless It may be this one) was exhibited at the National Academy of Design in 1841. 26. F. Daniel Larkin, John B. Jervis: An American Engineering Pioneer (Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1990), p.79. 27. The Evening Post, New York, October 15, 1842. 28. Tower, p.llO. 29. Larkin, p.72. 30. Quoted in Lany D. Lankton, "Valley Crossings on the Old Croton Aqueduct,* Journal of the Society of Industrial Archeology, 4, No. 1 (1978), p.39. Lankton pro- vides a good summary of the controversy. 31. Quoted In Larkin, p.75. From a personal letter to Cotonel Albert, written before the legislation was passed. 32. This was Just before the Installation of the larger pipeline at High Bridge, a major constniction project which raised the level of the parapet, but this author has not found any specific evidence to suggest that Johnson was motivated to paint the bridge by interest in that aspect of the project. 33. Gwondolyn OwBns. N.itiire Trarticrihcl Thr I .,,j,l,,,,p, -, .,,,,1 SiUI I ;/. > .,/ n.,-.'i,l Johnson (1827-1908) (Herbert F, Johnson Museum of Art, Distributed by University Press of New England, Hanover and London, 1988), pp. 23-25. Though Owens does not suggest this connection, it is at least marginally possible that the larger work is Scene on the Harlem River, exhibited at the NatkMiai Acadenty of Design in 1861. 34. Ronald G. Pisano, Charles Henry Miller: the Artistic Discoverer of the Little Continent of Long Island (Stony Brook, NY: The Museums at Stony Brook, 1979), pp.9-12. 35. Wendell Garrett, Neo-Classicism m America, Inspiration and Innovation, 1810- 1840, Introd. Stuart Feld (New York: HIrschI & Adier Galleries, 1991), pp.l04-105. In refening to technology as a "useful art," Childs harks back to an eariier time when the distinctions between science and art had not diverged so much as in modern times. Fayette Tower also makes several references to their handiwork and the Aqueduct structures as "art." 36. Tower, p.lOl. 37. Tower, p,123. 38. Robert Bolton, Jr., Historyofthe County of WestcheUer from its first settlement to the Present Time (New York: printed by Alexander S. Gould, 1848), p.396. The Hudson River Chronicle was a Westchester publication; Bolton notes no author for the poem. 39. Benson Lossing, The Hudson from the Wilderness to the Sea (Troy, New York: H. B. Nims & Co., 1866), p.371. 40. "From Croton to Town," Harper's Magazine, July 6, 1872. 41. The Great East River Bridge (Brooklyn Museum of Art: exclusively distributed to the Trade by Abrams, 1983). In the first of several essays by different authors, Deborah Nevins quotes the opening day speech by N.Y. Congressman Abram Hewitt, "Could there be a more astonishing exhibition of the power of man to change nature..,," The construction and cultural reaction to this later civic project (1869-1883) makes an interesting comparison with the Aqueduct's stoiy. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY: THE OLD CROTON aqueduct LENDERS TO THE EXHIBITION Blake, Nelson Manfred. Water for Cities: A History of the Urban Water Supply Problem in the United States. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1956. Cooper, Linda Gilbert, ed. A Walkers to the Old Croton Aqueduct. New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, Taconic Region, 1992. Douglass, David Bates. MSS. The Archives, Warren Hunting Smith Library, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY. The Evening Post, New York, October 15, 1842. Fitzsimons, Neal, ed. and introd. The Reminiscences of John B. Jervis: Engineer of the Old Croton. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1971. Jervis, John B. Description of the Croton Aqueduct from the Dam to the Distributing Reservoir. New York, 1842. Jervis, John B. "Memoir Presented October 18, 1876." Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 6. Jen/is, John B. IVISS.