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HISTORY

THE SEVERAL TOWNS, MANORS, AND PATENTS

OF THE

County of Westchester,

FROM

ITS FIRST SETTLEMENT

TO THF.

PRESENT TIME.

Carefully Revised by its Author.

By the Late Rev. ROBERT BOLTON,

AUTHOR OF THE "GUIDE TO NEW ROCHELLE," AND A MEMBER OF N. V. HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

Edited by the Rev. C. \V. BOLTON, New Rochelle.

VOLUME 1 .

"It is the privilege of History to impart the experience of age, without its infirmities ; to firing fiack things long ol>seured fiy time, or sinking into oblivion ; and enable us to form some reasonable conjectures of 'what may happen to posterity"- -- PuULSON's Hist, of IIoldekness.

NEW YORK: CHAS, F. ROPER, 27 Rose Street. 1881.

Copyright by C. W. BOLTON,

Cadmus Press,

17-a? ROSB STBEBT, NBW VORK.

THE PREFACE.

IN presenting to the public '• The Revised History of Westchester County," left nearly completed by the Author, the late Rev. Robert Bolton, I assume no responsibility for its contents, nor any credit in its authorship. The Author published The First History in 1848, after gathering all the information then in his power. Soon after its appearance a large amount of extra information was placed at his disposal, and many corrections kindly sent to him. He determined at once to commence a revision of it, and had been so doing up to the day of his death, 29 years in all. He had re-written more than two-thirds of the original book, adding thereto many very valuable old documents and bringing the work down to that time.

The Author published The First History in 1848, after gathering all the information then in his power. Soon after its appearance a large amount of extra information was placed at his disposal, and many corrections kindly sent to him. He determined at once to commence a revision of it, and had been so doing up to the day of his death, 29 years in all. He had re-written more than two-thirds of the original book, adding thereto many very valuable old documents and bringing the work down to that time. All that I have had to do was to finish up little unimportant points, and conduct it through the press.

If I were to assert that there were no errors I should be presenting to the public what no other man has ever done, a perfect book. There must be errors, but they are unimportant. No serious error, I believe, will be found.

There never was a more careful complier of History than my late brother. He always asked for proof, and then well weighed it. His book mil be his monument ; he wore himself out in its completion. And I regret that he does not live to give the whys and the wherefores that thousands of its readers will propound.

The Rev. Robert Bolton, the Author of this History was born in Bath in the county of Somerset England, on the 17th of April 181 4, and was baptized by his grand-father, the Rev. William Jay, in Argyle chapel. Bath. (His father, the Rev. Robert Bolton, was born in Savanah, in the State of Georgia, but married in England and resided there for several years.) He was the oldest of thirteen children, and came to this country with his father on his return in 1836. He first studied medicine in

Robert Bolton, the Author of this History was born in Bath in the county of Somerset England, on the 17th of April 181 4, and was baptized by his grand-father, the Rev. William Jay, in Argyle chapel. Bath. (His father, the Rev. Robert Bolton, was born in Savanah, in the State of Georgia, but married in England and resided there for several years.) He was the oldest of thirteen children, and came to this country with his father on his return in 1836. He first studied medicine in

iv

PREFACE.

England, but it did not suit his tastes. Afterwards he became a farmer, and resided at Bronxville, East Chester ; moved to New Rochelle, then to Tarrytown where he took charge of the Irving Institute, (now occupied by Prof. Jackson), from there he removed to Bedford, having charge of the Institute in that town for many years, and finally removed to Lewisboro.

He was ordained deacon in the Protestant Episcopal Church in October, 1868, and priest in June 1869. He was settled over the parish of St. Johns, Lewisboro, his only charge; and died October 11, 1877, at Pelham Priory and was buried in the family vault under Christ church, Pelham.

He became a walking, living history of the county ; and we deeply regret that so much has perished in his death, for he had other plans, and other purposes which he intended to present to the public.

I acknowledge, with pleasure and gratitude, the valuable assistance I have received from the Rev. Chas. Baird. D. D., historian of Rye; Edward F. Delancey, Esq.; Geo. H. Pell, Esq.; Fordam Morris, Esq.; Josiah Mitchel, Esq., and the Rev. O. R. Willis, of White Plains, who has compiled the Flora Table for this work. And I also take this opportunity of returning thanks to all those kind friends who have in any way assisted my late brother in the present Revised Edition.

I acknowledge, with pleasure and gratitude, the valuable assistance I have received from the Rev. Chas. Baird. D. D., historian of Rye; Edward F. Delancey, Esq.; Geo. H. Pell, Esq.; Fordam Morris, Esq.; Josiah Mitchel, Esq., and the Rev. O. R. Willis, of White Plains, who has compiled the Flora Table for this work. And I also take this opportunity of returning thanks to all those kind friends who have in any way assisted my late brother in the present Revised Edition.

MAP OP THE INDIAN TERRITORY, WESTCHESTER COUNTY.

INTRODUCTION.

AT the period of the Dutch discovery the Mahicanni resided on the east shore of the Hudson River. " These were the MankikanizxsA Mahikans of De Leat, the Mahiccanders, Mohickanders and Nahmanders of the Dutch, the Manhikanss Mahikans, or Mohegans, according to Professor Ebeling, and the Mohegans or Mithltckanew, (the original name of Mohegans.) According to the English the Mohiccans, Mahiccon, and lastly Mahiccans, were all one people j originally a branch of the Delaware nation. The Mahiccans and Delawares both say they were once one people "rt " The best information (says Mr. Heckewelder) which I could procure of the extent of the country the Mahicanin inhabited, was from an aged and intelligent man of this nation, whose grandfather had been a noted chief. His report was as follows, to wit : ' When I was a a boy, my grandfather used to speak much of old times : how it had been before the white people came into this country, (that is the State of New York, in which the relator was born,) and what changes took place since, from time to time. The western bounding line of the Mahicanni was the river Ma'hicamittuck, which the white people now call the ' North River.' Our towns and settlements extended on the east side of this river from Thuphane or Tuphanne, (a Delaware word for cold stream, from which the whites have derived the name Tappan,) to the extent of tide water up this river; here was the uppermost town.

His report was as follows, to wit : ' When I was a a boy, my grandfather used to speak much of old times : how it had been before the white people came into this country, (that is the State of New York, in which the relator was born,) and what changes took place since, from time to time. The western bounding line of the Mahicanni was the river Ma'hicamittuck, which the white people now call the ' North River.' Our towns and settlements extended on the east side of this river from Thuphane or Tuphanne, (a Delaware word for cold stream, from which the whites have derived the name Tappan,) to the extent of tide water up this river; here was the uppermost town. From thence our towns were scattered throughout the country on the smaller rivers and creeks. Our nearest neighbors on the east were the Watnpano.'"b

" The country between the banks of the Connecticut Riverc and the Hudson, (says Mr. Bancroft,) was possessed by independent villages of the Mohegans, kindred with the Manhattans ; whose few smokes once arose amidst the forests on New York Island.""1 Mr. Schoolcraft informs us that " The Mohegans and the Minci were two tribes, of Algonquin

a Moulton's Hist, of Xew York, 226.

b Moulton's Hist, of New York, part i. 227.

c Connecticuota, meaning Long River, was the Indian name, says Judge Benson, d Braucroffs Hist. U. S. A., vol., vol. lii. 239.

vi

INTRODUCTION.

lineage, who inhabited the valley of the Hudson between New York and Albany." Mohegan, (continues the same authority.) is a word, the meaning of which is not explained by the early writers j but if we may trust the deductions of philology, it needs create little uncertainty. In the Mohegan, as spoken at the present time by their lineal descendants, the Stockbridges of Wisconsin, Maitshow, is the name of the common wolf.

A., vol., vol. lii. 239.

vi

INTRODUCTION.

lineage, who inhabited the valley of the Hudson between New York and Albany." Mohegan, (continues the same authority.) is a word, the meaning of which is not explained by the early writers j but if we may trust the deductions of philology, it needs create little uncertainty. In the Mohegan, as spoken at the present time by their lineal descendants, the Stockbridges of Wisconsin, Maitshow, is the name of the common wolf. It is called, in cognate dialects of the Algonquin, Mycgan by the Kenistenos, and Myengun by the Chippewas, Ottawas and Pottowattomies. In the old Algonquin, as given by La Hontan, it is Mahingan, and we perceive that this was the jerm ■ employed by the early French writers for the Mohegans. In the language of the Indian priests ormedais, a mystical use of the names of various objects in the animated creation is made, in order to clothe their arts with the degree of respect and authority, which ignorant nations are ready to pay to whatsoever they do not fully understand ; in other words, that which is mysterious. Thus, in the medicin songs of the Objibwas, a wolf is called, not Myeengun, the popular term, but Mohhwag. It is believed the priests of the ancient Mohegans made similar distortion of their words, for similiar ends, and that the terms Moh hi Kan and Moh hin gan, used by the early French missionary writers for this tribe, furnish the origin of the term. The term itself, it is to be understood, by which the tribe is known to us, is not the true Indian ; but has been shorn of a part of its sound, by the early Dutch, French and English writers. The modern tribe of the Mohegans, to whom allusion has been made, called themselves Muhhekaniew.

It is believed the priests of the ancient Mohegans made similar distortion of their words, for similiar ends, and that the terms Moh hi Kan and Moh hin gan, used by the early French missionary writers for this tribe, furnish the origin of the term. The term itself, it is to be understood, by which the tribe is known to us, is not the true Indian ; but has been shorn of a part of its sound, by the early Dutch, French and English writers. The modern tribe of the Mohegans, to whom allusion has been made, called themselves Muhhekaniew. This is, manifestly, a compound declarative phrase, and not a simple nominative, and is equivalent to the phrase, " I am a Mohegan." It is in accordance both with religious custom, and the usage of the Indian priesthood, to infer a unity of superstitious practices in nearly affiliated tribes. In this manner the word " Mohegan " was used to denote, not a common wolf, but the caries lupus, under the supposed influence of medical or necromantic arts. In other words, Mohegan was a phrase to denote an enchanted wolf, or a wolf of supernatural power. This was the badge or arms of the tribe, rather than the name of the tribe itself. And this, also, it may be inferred, constituted originally, the point of distinction between them and the Minci, or wol ftribe proper. The affinities of the Mohegans with the Minci, or Moncess, on the west banks of the Hudson, and through them with the Delaiuares, are apparent in the language, and were well recognized at the era of the settlement."*1

This was the badge or arms of the tribe, rather than the name of the tribe itself. And this, also, it may be inferred, constituted originally, the point of distinction between them and the Minci, or wol ftribe proper. The affinities of the Mohegans with the Minci, or Moncess, on the west banks of the Hudson, and through them with the Delaiuares, are apparent in the language, and were well recognized at the era of the settlement."*1

The universal name the Mousey s have for New York, (says Mr. Heckewelder) is Laaphawachking, or the place of stringing beads.

a Proceedings of N. Y. IIis,. Soc. 1S14, S7.

INTRODUCTION.

vii

The Mohegans were again sub-divided into numerous bands, each known by a distinctive name. Among these, inhabiting the County, maybe enumerated the Siwanoys, who occupied the northern shores of the Sound ''from Norwalk to 24 miles to the neighborhood of Hellgate." How far they claimed jurisdiction inland is uncertain.

The Manhattans had their principal settlement on New York island, and from thence north to the bounds of Yonkers, nearly opposite Tappan. The Weckquaskecks possessed the country " lying between two rivulets called Sift/ Sincks and Armanci, lying between the East and North rivers."

The Sint Sincks occupied the present town of Ossin ing, and its im- t mediate vicinity.

The Kitchawonks claimed the lands bordering the Kitchawan or Croton River, and as far north as St. Anthony's Nose in the Highlands. The Pachami and Wappingers possessed the Highlands. The Tankitekes, "resided in the rear of Sing Sing."° The principal Indian villages appear to have been as follows :

The Weckquaskecks possessed the country " lying between two rivulets called Sift/ Sincks and Armanci, lying between the East and North rivers."

The Sint Sincks occupied the present town of Ossin ing, and its im- t mediate vicinity.

The Kitchawonks claimed the lands bordering the Kitchawan or Croton River, and as far north as St. Anthony's Nose in the Highlands. The Pachami and Wappingers possessed the Highlands. The Tankitekes, "resided in the rear of Sing Sing."° The principal Indian villages appear to have been as follows :

" The three prominent Indian names for the Hudson River (says Mr. Schoolcraft) are 'The Mohegan,6 Chatemuc,c and the Cahotatea."

Like their neighbors, the Indians of Westchester were in subjection to the Iroquois, and acknowledged it by the payment of an annual tribute.

In giving a history of the County, it appears proper to begin, with a recital of the act framing the same, entitled " An Act to divide the Province of New York and dependencies into Shires and Counties, etc."

" Having taken into consideration the necessity of dividing the Province into respective Countys, for the better governing and settling

o O'Callahan's Hist, of N. N., 210. b Mohegan Kiver.

e " Shaita, In the cognate dialect of the Objlbwa, means a pelican." " re is the ordinary Inflection for locality. ,--- Mr. Schoolcraft's Paper, Proceedings of N. Y. riist. Soc 1S44. "The great white pelican |P. trachyrhyncus) was formerly nunierou* ou the fludson and other rivers and lakes of this State. At the present day It has entirely disappeared, and I do not know of Its existence even as an accidental visitor. '--Nat. Hist, of N. Y. by James De Kav.

e " Shaita, In the cognate dialect of the Objlbwa, means a pelican." " re is the ordinary Inflection for locality. ,--- Mr. Schoolcraft's Paper, Proceedings of N. Y. riist. Soc 1S44. "The great white pelican |P. trachyrhyncus) was formerly nunierou* ou the fludson and other rivers and lakes of this State. At the present day It has entirely disappeared, and I do not know of Its existence even as an accidental visitor. '--Nat. Hist, of N. Y. by James De Kav.

Nappeckamak,

Weecquaesguack,

Alipconck,

Sinck Sinck,

Nanichiestawck,

Momoronuck,

Kestaubaiuck,

Kitchawan, Sackhoes,

Kekisconck,

Betuck-quapock,

Pasquashic.

Noapaim.

A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTY.

viii

INTRODUCTION.

courts in the same, be it enacted by the Governor, Council and the Representatives, and by the authority of the same, that the said Province be divided into twelve Countys as followeth : The County of Westchester, to conteyne West and Eastchester, Bronx-land Fordham, Anne Hook's Neck, Richbells, Miniford's Islands, and all the land on the maine to the eastward of Manhattan's Island as farre as the government extends, and the Yonkers' land, and northward along Hudson's River as farre as the Highland."

"This bill having been three times read before the governor and Council, is assented to the first of November, 1683."0

Westchester County was represented in the first Legislative Assembly of the Colony, which met at New York on the 9th of April, 1691 ; 6 and it has constituted one County to this time, having been organized as such by the General Acts of 1788 and 1801. It is situated on the east side of the Hudson, immediately north of New York County ; bounded north by Putnam and Dutchess Counties ; east by the State of Connecticut; southerly by Long Island Sound and East River; west by Haarlem River and the Hudson River, or by New York County, the State of New Jersey, and the County of Rockland in this State.

Westchester County was represented in the first Legislative Assembly of the Colony, which met at New York on the 9th of April, 1691 ; 6 and it has constituted one County to this time, having been organized as such by the General Acts of 1788 and 1801. It is situated on the east side of the Hudson, immediately north of New York County ; bounded north by Putnam and Dutchess Counties ; east by the State of Connecticut; southerly by Long Island Sound and East River; west by Haarlem River and the Hudson River, or by New York County, the State of New Jersey, and the County of Rockland in this State. The area may be 480 square miles -- 307,200 acres -- situated between 400 47', and 410 22'- north latitude, 103' east, and 32' east longitude from New York.

The County is thus described by William Smith, the historian, of New York, in 1756.

"Westchester County is large, and includes all the land beyond the Island of Manhattans along the Sound to the Connecticutliiw, which is its eastern boundary. It extends northward to the middle of the Ilighlands, and westward to Hudson's River. A great part of this county is contained in the manors of Philipsburgh, Pelham, Fordham, and Courtlandt, the last of which has the privilege of sending a representative to the General Assembly. The county is tolerably settled. The lands are in general rough but fertile, and therefore the farmers run principally on grazing. It has several towns, Eastcliester, Westchester, New Rochclle, Rye, Bedford, and North Castle. The inhabitants, are either English, or Dutch Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Quakers, and French Protestants. The former are the most numerous. The two Episcopal missionaries are settled at Rye and Eastchester, and receive each £60 annually taxed upon the county. The town of Westchester is an incorporated borough, enjoying a mayor's court and the ' right of being represented by a member in Assembly."

It has several towns, Eastcliester, Westchester, New Rochclle, Rye, Bedford, and North Castle. The inhabitants, are either English, or Dutch Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Quakers, and French Protestants. The former are the most numerous. The two Episcopal missionaries are settled at Rye and Eastchester, and receive each £60 annually taxed upon the county. The town of Westchester is an incorporated borough, enjoying a mayor's court and the ' right of being represented by a member in Assembly."

a Provincial Laws of N. Y., County Clerk's Office, Queen's Co., L. L The above act was confirmed on the 1st of October, 1691.

b In the person of John Pell, Esq. On the 20th of Oct., 16S5, James n. appointed John Pell, John Palmer, William Richardson. Joseph Ilorton, sen., and Joseph Theale, Justici-s of the Peace in the County of Westchester.

INTRODUCTION.

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X INTRODUCTION.

THE POPULATION OP WESTCHESTER COUNTY.

-- -- .

TOWN.

1 s7*i

l ton

Bedford

9 TObi

Q 744

q T-J9 o, to*

Cortlanrlt

0, ioO

■ 9 fij;4 Xw, OO*

Greenbiir<rh .

CI RH*>

Eastchester

R 0Q4

R 7T7

1 039

1 -131

1 494

Lewisboro

X,

1 (114

Mount Pleasant...

fi 4*\f* O.aOO

Mamaroneck

1 49^

1,OOCS

1,495

2,242

2,297

New Roplipllp

1 G"7"7

4 £7Q 4,0/0

oJn

North Castle

9 ni n

- ■ U1V

l,olo

1 ft! ft 1,019

North Salem

1 99fi

1, ->--0

X, ooo

3,312

8,533

8,769

1,538

2,540

1,427

1,000

1,044

Rye

2,180

5,369

6,577

1,761

1,600

1,638

Wesechester)

West Farms! c

5,052

6,560

6.7S9

1,155

2,757

3.16S

2,27S

2,650

2,481

2,517

17,232

18.924

103,564

109,036

Present population, 109,050.

" The County of Westchester comprises a very important section of this State; washed on the west by the Hudson, on the south by the East River and Long Island Sound, it enjoys very superior advantages for trade and commerce, with a fine soil for agriculture, and a charming diversity of surface and of elegant situation ; while its contiguity to the great commercial metropolis of North America, completes a proud superiority of geographical position.

" The County of Westchester comprises a very important section of this State; washed on the west by the Hudson, on the south by the East River and Long Island Sound, it enjoys very superior advantages for trade and commerce, with a fine soil for agriculture, and a charming diversity of surface and of elegant situation ; while its contiguity to the great commercial metropolis of North America, completes a proud superiority of geographical position. The north-west corner is considerably broken by the south-east border of the Highlands, of a mountain character; and a range of hills of moderate height extends from York Island toward the north-east extremity, on which are situated the heights and hills much known in the Revolutionary war, particularly in the year 1776. Besides Harlem, Hudson and East Rivers, forming the boundaries, there are several small streams that afford many mill seats.

a Name changed to Ossin-ing In 1S4C. See Sess. Laws, chap. 30, sec. 6.

b Part of Somers annexed to Newcastle. See Laws of 1S4C, chap. 249.

c West Farms erected from part of Westchester. See Sess. Laws, 184, chap. 279.

INTRODUCTION.

Peckskill Creek and Croton River, which rise in Dutchess and Putnam counties, run south westward across the north western part of Westchester County to the Hudson. Saw Mill River runs from Mount Pleasant to the Hudson at Yonkers; and Bronx River, the largest, Hutchinson's and Mamaroneck Rivers run south into the East River. Byram River runs from Westchester, principally in Connecticut, and forms two miles of the State boundary from its mouth in East River, which receives some other small streams from the south-east angle of Westchester County, direct across the south-west angle of Connecticut."

Peckskill Creek and Croton River, which rise in Dutchess and Putnam counties, run south westward across the north western part of Westchester County to the Hudson. Saw Mill River runs from Mount Pleasant to the Hudson at Yonkers; and Bronx River, the largest, Hutchinson's and Mamaroneck Rivers run south into the East River. Byram River runs from Westchester, principally in Connecticut, and forms two miles of the State boundary from its mouth in East River, which receives some other small streams from the south-east angle of Westchester County, direct across the south-west angle of Connecticut."

''The soil of this County admits of no general character, except that its tillage is productive to the agriculturist. The style of its agriculture is in the first order, if we except Dutchess. The lower part has considerable of ornamental farming and gardening, where are the seats of men of opulence, cultivated with much taste." The manufactures are numerous. White Plains and Bedford are the half shire towns. " Tarrytown, Sing Sing, and some others, are charming positions on the Hudson, where are small villages and landings with considerable trade. Tappan Bay, a wide place in the Hudson, is here three miles in width, where crowds of shipping are constantly seen passing in opposite directions, exhibiting a most elegant display of commercial activity."0

'• The County of Westchester is based on primitive rock called hypogene, or granite gneiss, long ridges of which intersect the county, with here and there small veins of iron ore and quartz. Large numbers of granite boulders are found here, both inland and on the coast ; also some fine quarries of white marble, and two silver and gold mines at Sing Sing and Peekskill." According to the late geographical survey the principal minerals are, white marble, iron ore, galena, sulphate of barytes, copper, iron and zinc, oxide of manganese, green carbonate of copper, serpentine, calcareous spar, phoshate of lime, hydrate and carbonate of magnesia, quartz, drusy, calcedony, agate, jasper, hyroxene, hornblende, asbestos, actynolite, homolite, hyderous anthophylite, felspar, stilbite, garnet, epicote, chenite, tourmaline, sphene, vandquelemite, magnetic pyrites, chromate of iron, red ochre and red chalk.

Large numbers of granite boulders are found here, both inland and on the coast ; also some fine quarries of white marble, and two silver and gold mines at Sing Sing and Peekskill." According to the late geographical survey the principal minerals are, white marble, iron ore, galena, sulphate of barytes, copper, iron and zinc, oxide of manganese, green carbonate of copper, serpentine, calcareous spar, phoshate of lime, hydrate and carbonate of magnesia, quartz, drusy, calcedony, agate, jasper, hyroxene, hornblende, asbestos, actynolite, homolite, hyderous anthophylite, felspar, stilbite, garnet, epicote, chenite, tourmaline, sphene, vandquelemite, magnetic pyrites, chromate of iron, red ochre and red chalk.

The natural growth of wood is very extensive, especially upon the higher lands. Among the principal varieties may be enumerated the White Oak, (Quercus Alba,) Red Oak, (Quercus Rubra,) Pin Oak, (Quercus Paluster,) and the Black Oak, (Quertetron ;) the White Elm, (Ulmus Americana ;) Red or Slippery Elm, (Ulmus Fulva,) and the

o See Spafford's Gazetteer of N. Y.

xu

INTRODUCTION.

Witch Elm, (Ulmus Montana;) the Plane or Buttonwood, (PUtanus;) the Ash, ( Traxinus) ; Basswood, Lime or Linden, (Zelia) ; Beach, (Tagus) ; Birch, (Betula) ; Maple, (Acer) ; Locust, (Robinia ); Chestnut, (Castanea); Walnut, (Juglans) ; Hickory, (Carya); the Whitewood or Tulip, (Liriodendron) ; Dogwood, (Cornus) ; Hemlock or Spruce, and the Red Cedar, (Juniperus.)

"This County suffered severely during the Revolution. The whole southern part was marked by the marches, works of defence, or skirmishes and battles of hostile armies ; and, indeed, the active operations of the war in 1776 were principally confined to this region, and in the Autumn to this County -- and the two armies were in full force, constantly on the alert, and under the eyes of their respective Commanders-in-Chief. And this, too, was probably the most interesting period of the war, though attended with no exploits of very brilliant fame.

The whole southern part was marked by the marches, works of defence, or skirmishes and battles of hostile armies ; and, indeed, the active operations of the war in 1776 were principally confined to this region, and in the Autumn to this County -- and the two armies were in full force, constantly on the alert, and under the eyes of their respective Commanders-in-Chief. And this, too, was probably the most interesting period of the war, though attended with no exploits of very brilliant fame. The British with a numerous army, and a powerful marine, were in possession of New York, while Washington, with an inferior and badly supplied army, dispirited by the affair of Long Island, was merely manoeuvring to keep them in check. The battle of White Plains, October 28th, will long be remembered, as will the dismal prospect of that year, when the Patriot Fathers of America had still the courage to declare Independence, and assert the rights of nature and of nations.*1 But though the morning sun of Declared Independence arose thus in a cloud, -- while yet it was morning, Princeton, Trenton and the plains of Saratoga enjoyed a broad refulgence, diffusing new spirits over the nation. And it were well worthy the attention of every American youth to study the history of that war, and thus learn the price paid for Independence ; the better to know how to appreciate its value. Nor ought we to forget that the privileges so dearly purchased, can only be preserved to our posterity, by that zeal for our country which governed the conduct of our fathers, now descended to the grave."6

The battle of White Plains, October 28th, will long be remembered, as will the dismal prospect of that year, when the Patriot Fathers of America had still the courage to declare Independence, and assert the rights of nature and of nations.*1 But though the morning sun of Declared Independence arose thus in a cloud, -- while yet it was morning, Princeton, Trenton and the plains of Saratoga enjoyed a broad refulgence, diffusing new spirits over the nation. And it were well worthy the attention of every American youth to study the history of that war, and thus learn the price paid for Independence ; the better to know how to appreciate its value. Nor ought we to forget that the privileges so dearly purchased, can only be preserved to our posterity, by that zeal for our country which governed the conduct of our fathers, now descended to the grave."6

"The County of Westchester," says Mr. N. P. Willis, "has been made the scene of, perhaps, the best historical novel of our country, and, more than any other part of the United States, suffered from the evils of war. The character and depredations of the '■'Cow-boys" and "Skinners" whose fields of action were on the skirts of this " Neutral Ground," are familiar to all who have read " the Essay'' of Mr. Cooper. A distinguished clergyman" gives the following very graphic picture of Westchester County in those days: -- a July 4th, 1770.

& Stafford's (iazetteer of N. Y. Upon the evacuation of New York by the British forces, Nov. 25, 1 7S3, the Governor of the State and Commander-in-chief were escorted by a body of H'»/.7.'.ff - r I,, <il.' hoi-si , commanded by Captain Delavan," -- JSdUor. c Dr. Timothy D wight's Travels, 3d vol.

Cooper. A distinguished clergyman" gives the following very graphic picture of Westchester County in those days: -- a July 4th, 1770.

& Stafford's (iazetteer of N. Y. Upon the evacuation of New York by the British forces, Nov. 25, 1 7S3, the Governor of the State and Commander-in-chief were escorted by a body of H'»/.7.'.ff - r I,, <il.' hoi-si , commanded by Captain Delavan," -- JSdUor. c Dr. Timothy D wight's Travels, 3d vol.

INTRODUCTION.

xiii

" In the autumn of 1777, I resided for some time in this County. The lines of the British were then in the neighborhood of King's Bridge, and those of the Americans at Byram River. The unhappy inhabitants were, therefore, exposed to the depredations of both. Often they were actually plundered, and always were liable to this calamity. They feared every body whom they saw, and loved nobody. It was a curious fact to a philosopher, and a melancholy one to hear their conversation. To every question they gave such an answer as would please the inquirer ; or, if they despaired of pleasing, such a one as would not provoke him. Fear was, apparently, the only passion by which they were animated. The power of volition seemed to have deserted them. They were not civil, but obsequious; not obliging, but subservient. They yielded with a kind of apathy, and very quietly, what you asked, and what they supposed it impossible for them to retain. If you treated them kindly, they received it coldly ; not as a kindness, but as a compensation for injuries done them by others. When you spoke to them, they answered you without either good or ill nature, and without any appearance of reluctance or hesitation ; but they subjoined neither questions nor remarks of their own; proving to your full conviction, that they felt no iuterest eitiier in the conversation or yourself.

They yielded with a kind of apathy, and very quietly, what you asked, and what they supposed it impossible for them to retain. If you treated them kindly, they received it coldly ; not as a kindness, but as a compensation for injuries done them by others. When you spoke to them, they answered you without either good or ill nature, and without any appearance of reluctance or hesitation ; but they subjoined neither questions nor remarks of their own; proving to your full conviction, that they felt no iuterest eitiier in the conversation or yourself. Both their countenances and motions had lost every trace of animation and feeling. The features were smoothed, not into serenity, but apathy; and, instead of being settled in the attitude of quiet thinking, strongly indicated that all thought beyond what was merely instinctive, had fled their minds for ever.

"Their houses, in the meantime, were in a great measure scenesof desolation. Their furniture was extensively plundered, or broken to pieces. The walls, floors, and windows were injured both by violence and decay ; and were not repaired, because they had not. the means to repair them, and because they were exposed to the repetition of the same injuries. Their cattle were gone. Their enclosures were burnt, where they were capable of becoming fuel ; and in many cases thrown down, where they were not. Their fields were covered with a rank growth of weeds and wild grass.

"Amid all this appearance of desolation, nothing struck my eye more forcibly than the sight of the high road. Where I had heretofore seen a continual succession of horses and carriages, life and bustle -- lending a sprightliness to all the environing objects -- not a single, solitary traveller was seen, from week to week, or from month to month.

Their enclosures were burnt, where they were capable of becoming fuel ; and in many cases thrown down, where they were not. Their fields were covered with a rank growth of weeds and wild grass.

"Amid all this appearance of desolation, nothing struck my eye more forcibly than the sight of the high road. Where I had heretofore seen a continual succession of horses and carriages, life and bustle -- lending a sprightliness to all the environing objects -- not a single, solitary traveller was seen, from week to week, or from month to month. The world was motionless and silent, except when one of these unhappy people ventured upon a rare and lonely excursion to the house of a neighbor no less unhappy; or a scouting party, traversing the country in quest of enemies, alarmed the inhabitants with expectations of new injuries and sufferings. The very tracks of the carriages were grown over, and obliterated ; and where they were discernible, resembled the faint impressions of chariot wheels said to be left on the pavements of Ilerculaneum. The grass was of full height for the scythe ; and strongly realized to my own mind, for the first time, the proper import of that picturesque declaration in the Song of Deborah : 'In the days of Shamgar, the son of Anath, in the days of Jael. the highways were unoccupied, and the travellers walked through by-paths. The inhabitants of the villages ceased; they ceased in Israel.' "<*

a American Scenery, by Bartlett and Willis.

The grass was of full height for the scythe ; and strongly realized to my own mind, for the first time, the proper import of that picturesque declaration in the Song of Deborah : 'In the days of Shamgar, the son of Anath, in the days of Jael. the highways were unoccupied, and the travellers walked through by-paths. The inhabitants of the villages ceased; they ceased in Israel.' "<*

a American Scenery, by Bartlett and Willis.

INTRODUCTION.

The subjoined account of the County, in 1780. is taken from Dr. Thacher's Military Journal : --

"The country which we lately traversed, about fifty miles in extent, is called "Neutkat. Gi:ound;" but the miserable inhabitants who remain are not much favored with the privileges which their neutrality ought to secure to them. They are continually exposed to the ravages and insults of an infamous banditti, composed of royal refugees and tories. The country is rich and fertile j and the farms appear to have been advantageously cultivated, but it now has the marks of a country in ruins. A large proportion of the proprietors having abandoned their farms, the few that remain find it impossible to harvest the produce. The meadows and pastures are covered with grass of a summer's growth, and thousands of bushels of apples and other fruit are rotting in the orchards. We brought off about two hundred loads of hay and grain ; and ten times the amount might have been procured, had teams enough been provided. Those of the inhabitants of the neutral ground who were tories, have joined their friends in New York ; and the Whigs have retired into the interior of our country. Some of each side have taken up arms, and become the most cruel and deadly foes. There are within the British lines banditti, consisting of lawless villians, who devote themselves to the most cruel pillage and robbery among the defenceless inhabitants between the lines; many of them they carry off to New York, after plundering their houses and farms.

Those of the inhabitants of the neutral ground who were tories, have joined their friends in New York ; and the Whigs have retired into the interior of our country. Some of each side have taken up arms, and become the most cruel and deadly foes. There are within the British lines banditti, consisting of lawless villians, who devote themselves to the most cruel pillage and robbery among the defenceless inhabitants between the lines; many of them they carry off to New York, after plundering their houses and farms. These shameless marauders have received the names of Cowboys and Skinners. By their atrocious deeds, they have become a scourge and terror to the people. Numerous instances have been related of these miscreants subjecting defenceless persons to cruel tortures, to compel them to deliver up their money, or to disclose the places where it has been secreted. It is not uncommon for them to hang a man by the neck till apparently dead, then restore him, and repeat the experiment, and leave him for dead. Odc of these unhappy persons informed me, that when suffering this cruel treatment, the last sensation which he recollects, when suspended by the neck, was a Hashing heat over him like that which would be occasioned by boiling water poured over his body ; he was, however, cut down ; and how long he remained on the ground insensible, he knows not. A peaceable, unresisting Quaker, of considerable respectability, by tbe name of Quiucy, was visited by several of these vile ruffians: they first demanded his money, and after it was delivered they suspected he had more concealed, and inflicted on him the most savage cruelties in order to extort it from him. They began with what they call scorching, covering his naked body with hot ashes, and repeating the application till the skin was covered with blisters ; after this they resorted to the halter, and hung the poor man on a tree by his neck, then took him down, and repeated it a second, aud even a third time, and finally left him almost lifeless.1*0

A peaceable, unresisting Quaker, of considerable respectability, by tbe name of Quiucy, was visited by several of these vile ruffians: they first demanded his money, and after it was delivered they suspected he had more concealed, and inflicted on him the most savage cruelties in order to extort it from him. They began with what they call scorching, covering his naked body with hot ashes, and repeating the application till the skin was covered with blisters ; after this they resorted to the halter, and hung the poor man on a tree by his neck, then took him down, and repeated it a second, aud even a third time, and finally left him almost lifeless.1*0

/

Westchester County under the late constitution formed the Second Senatorial, and Assembly Districts ; under the present, she constitutes the Seventh Senatorial with Rockland, and is divided into two Assembly Districts.

a Thacher's Military Journal, 232.

INTRODUCTION.

JUDGES OF THE COUNTY.

John Pell

16SS

William Jay

. 1820

Caleb Ileuthcotc

Isaac Rcqua

. 1820

William Willett

17U1

Jonathan Ferris .

. 1820

Frederick Phillips .

William Miller .

. 1820

Isiuic Honeywell

Edward Kemeys .

. 1821

John Thomas

St. John Constant

. 1822

Lewis Morris, Jun. ,

Ezra Lockwooil .

. 1822

Samuel Purely

Henry White

. 1823

William Leggett

John Townsend .

Nathaniel Underbill

Nehemiah Brown, Ju

q. . 1831

John Thomas

Aaron Vark

. 1833

Robert Graham

Joseph A. Constant

. 1838

Stephen Ward

George Case

. 1843

Gilbert Drake

Albert Lockwood

. 1820

Frederick Phillips .

William Miller .

. 1820

Isiuic Honeywell

Edward Kemeys .

. 1821

John Thomas

St. John Constant

. 1822

Lewis Morris, Jun. ,

Ezra Lockwooil .

. 1822

Samuel Purely

Henry White

. 1823

William Leggett

John Townsend .

Nathaniel Underbill

Nehemiah Brown, Ju

q. . 1831

John Thomas

Aaron Vark

. 1833

Robert Graham

Joseph A. Constant

. 1838

Stephen Ward

George Case

. 1843

Gilbert Drake

Albert Lockwood

. 1845

Ebenezer Lockwood

Robert J. Hart .

• 1846

Jonathan G. Tompkins .

John W. Mills .

. 1851

Ebenezer Purdy

Albert Lockwood

. 1857

John Waters .

Robert Cochran

. 1867

Caleb Tompkins .

Silas D. Glfford i

. 1871

CLERKS OF

THE COUNTY.

Edward Collier

1CS8 to 1691

1691 to 1698

1698 to 1707

1707 to 1711

Daniel Clark .

1711 to 1722

William Forster

1722 to 1732

1745 to 1746

1760 to 1764

Richard Hatfield

1777 to 1800

1807 to 1815

1815 to 1820

1820 to 1821

Nehemiah S. Bates

1821 to 1829

1S29 to 1833

1833 to 1837

1837 to 1839

Charles A. Purdy .

1839 to 1843

Muuson I. Lockwood

1843 to 1849

Robert R. Oakley

Hiram P. Rowel 2 .

Chauncey M. Depew 3

1 Re-elected.

2 Re-elected each subsequent term.

3 Appointed, vice Rowel deceased.

xvi INTRODUCTION.

William TV. Pierson i 1867

J. Malcone Smith 1857

John M. Rowel 1875

SHERIFFS OF THE COUNTY.

Thomas Wheeler, under the Dutch, .... 1654 to 1664 Resolve Waklron, High Sheriff of the North Riding, . 16C4 to 1670 Robert Coe . '■ " ditto " " . . 1670 to 1671 John Manning . " " ditto " " . . 1671 to 1672 Benjamin Collier, High Sheriff of Westchester County, . 16S8 to 1692

William TV. Pierson i 1867

J. Malcone Smith 1857

John M. Rowel 1875

SHERIFFS OF THE COUNTY.

Thomas Wheeler, under the Dutch, .... 1654 to 1664 Resolve Waklron, High Sheriff of the North Riding, . 16C4 to 1670 Robert Coe . '■ " ditto " " . . 1670 to 1671 John Manning . " " ditto " " . . 1671 to 1672 Benjamin Collier, High Sheriff of Westchester County, . 16S8 to 1692

Rodger Barton October 14, 1702 to 1706

Nicholas Cooper 1733 to 1837

Isaac Willet , 1737 to 1766

Lewis Graham . 1766 to 1768

John de Lancey . . . . . . . . 1768 to 1769

James de Lanccy, Juu., last of the Colonnial, . . 1709 to 1775 John Thomas . . . . • J . . January 6, 1778 to 1780

Jesse Hunt 17S0 to 1781

John Thomas 1781 to 1785

Jesse Hunt 1785 to 1788

Thomas Thomas 1788 to 1792

Samuel Haight 1792 to 1796

Elias Newman 1796 to 1799

William Barker 1799 to 1806

Daniel Delavan . 1806 to 1807

St. John Constant 1807 to 1810

Elijah Ward 1810 to 1811

St. John Constant 1811 to 1814

Lyman Cook 1814 to 1815

Zabud June 1815 to 1818

Lyman Cook 1818 to 1821

Ward B. Howard . . . . . . . . 1821 to 1823

" John Townsend 1823 to 1826

Alan McDonald 1826 to 1829

David D. Webbers 1829 to 1832

Aaron Brown 1832 to 1835

William Barker 1799 to 1806

Daniel Delavan . 1806 to 1807

St. John Constant 1807 to 1810

Elijah Ward 1810 to 1811

St. John Constant 1811 to 1814

Lyman Cook 1814 to 1815

Zabud June 1815 to 1818

Lyman Cook 1818 to 1821

Ward B. Howard . . . . . . . . 1821 to 1823

" John Townsend 1823 to 1826

Alan McDonald 1826 to 1829

David D. Webbers 1829 to 1832

Aaron Brown 1832 to 1835

Joseph H. Anderson 1835 to 1838

Amos T. Hatfierd 183S to 1S41

Joseph Lyon 1841 to 1844

William H. Brigga 1844 to 1847

James M. Bates 1847

Benjamin D. Miller . • 1849

Alsop H. Lock wood 1852

Daniel H. Little 1855

William Bleakley, Jr 1858

Leemon B. Tripp 1861

1 Appointed vice Depew, failed to qualify.

INTRODUCION.

XVII

Darius Lyon . John Bussing . Root. F. Brundage Ziba Carpenter . Robt. F. Brundage Jas. C. Courter .

1S79

SURROGATES OF THE COUNTY.

John Bartow 1754 to

Caleb Fowler 1791 to

Richard Hatfield 1778 to

Philip Pell 1787 to

Elias Newman 1796 to

Samuel Young 1800 to

Edward Thomas to

Samuel Young 1807 to

Ezra Lockwood 180S to

Henry White March 1C, 1815 to

Samuel Young July 8, 1819 to

Ebenezer White, Jun Feb. 17, 1821 to

Jonathan Ward 1823 to

Alexander H. Wells ■ . 1839 to

Frederick I. Coffin 1844 to

Lewis C. Piatt 1847 to

Robert H. Coles . . ...

Silas D. Gifford*

John W. Mills*

Owen T. Coffin

Philip Pell 1787 to

Elias Newman 1796 to

Samuel Young 1800 to

Edward Thomas to

Samuel Young 1807 to

Ezra Lockwood 180S to

Henry White March 1C, 1815 to

Samuel Young July 8, 1819 to

Ebenezer White, Jun Feb. 17, 1821 to

Jonathan Ward 1823 to

Alexander H. Wells ■ . 1839 to

Frederick I. Coffin 1844 to

Lewis C. Piatt 1847 to

Robert H. Coles . . ...

Silas D. Gifford*

John W. Mills*

Owen T. Coffin

1S08 1S62

Deputies from Westchester County to the Provincial Congress, met at New York, May 23d, 1775 : --

Gouverneur Morris Philip van Cortlandt

Lewis Graham James nolmes

James van Cortlandt David Dayton

Stephen Ward John Thomas, Jun.

Joseph Drake Robert Graham

William Paulding.

Members of the New York Convention from Westchester County for deliberating on the adoption of the Constitution of the United States, assembled at Poughkeepsie, June 17, 1788 : --

Lewis Morris Philip van Cortlandt

Philip Livingston Thaddeus Crane

Richard Hatfield Lott W. Sarles.

a Appointed vice Coles, deceased, Jan 16, 1S62. b Re-elected each subsequent term.

xviii

INTRODUCTION.

Delegates from Westchester County to the Convention met at Kingston, Ulster County, to frame the Constitution of the State of New- York, April 20th, 1777: --

Pierre van Cortlandt Ebenezer Lockwood

Gouverneur Morris Zebediah Mills

Gilbert Drake Jonathan Piatt

Lewis Graham Jonathan G. Tompkins.

Delegates from Westchester County met in Convention for framing the late Constitution of the State of New York, November 10th, 1821 : -- Peter A. Jay, Peter Jay Munro, Jonathan Ward.

Delegates from Westchester County to the Convention met at Kingston, Ulster County, to frame the Constitution of the State of New- York, April 20th, 1777: --

Pierre van Cortlandt Ebenezer Lockwood

Gouverneur Morris Zebediah Mills

Gilbert Drake Jonathan Piatt

Lewis Graham Jonathan G. Tompkins.

Delegates from Westchester County met in Convention for framing the late Constitution of the State of New York, November 10th, 1821 : -- Peter A. Jay, Peter Jay Munro, Jonathan Ward.

Delegates from Westchester County met in Convention, for framing the present Constitution of the State of New York : --

John Hunter, Aaron Ward.

A List of the Officers chosen in ike several districts of the South Battalion of Westchester County, {except Westchester.) A. D. 1775.

YOJSKBRS.

John Cock, Captain. John Warner, 2d Lieutenant.

William Betts, 1st Lieutenant. Jacob Post, Ensign.

New officers to be chosen for this company, no commission issued.

EASTCHESTER.

Stephen Sneden, Captain. Daniel Sersing, 2d Lieutenant.

Thomas Pinckney, 1st Lieutenant. William Pinckney, Ensign.

Commission issued, dated September 20.

NEW ROCHELLE, And Manor of Pclham. Joseph Drake, Captain. James Willis, 1st Lieutenant.

David Guion, 2d Lieutenant.

Commission issued and dated 20th September.

PIIILIPSBURGI1

Upper Company.

Abraham Ledew, Captain. John Belyea, 2d Lieutenant.

Benjamin Brown, 1st Lieutenant. John Oakley, Ensign, (son of Isaac.

Commission issued September 2, delivered to Mr. Paulding.

INTRODUCTION. XIX

PHILIPSBURGH. Tarrytawn Company. Abraham Storms, Captain. Joseph Appleby, 2d Lieutenant.

Georae Combs, ist Lieutenant. Nathaniel Underbill, Ensign.

Same date, delivered to Mr. Paulding.

PHILIPSBURGH. East Company.

David Storms, Captain. Gdbert Dean, 2d Lieutenant.

James Willis, 1st Lieutenant.

David Guion, 2d Lieutenant.

Commission issued and dated 20th September.

PIIILIPSBURGI1

Upper Company.

Abraham Ledew, Captain. John Belyea, 2d Lieutenant.

Benjamin Brown, 1st Lieutenant. John Oakley, Ensign, (son of Isaac.

Commission issued September 2, delivered to Mr. Paulding.

INTRODUCTION. XIX

PHILIPSBURGH. Tarrytawn Company. Abraham Storms, Captain. Joseph Appleby, 2d Lieutenant.

Georae Combs, ist Lieutenant. Nathaniel Underbill, Ensign.

Same date, delivered to Mr. Paulding.

PHILIPSBURGH. East Company.

David Storms, Captain. Gdbert Dean, 2d Lieutenant.

Benjamin Vermilyea, 1st Lieutenant Gilbert Requaw, Ensign.

Same date delivered to .Mr. Paulding.

PHILIPSBURGH.. Lower Company'.

Isaac Vermilyea, Captain. Isaac Honeywell, 1st Lieutenant.

Dennis Lent, 2d Lieutenant. Dated September 20, delivered to Mr. Paulding.

MAMARONECK and RYE. Except the Upper End of King Street Robert Blomer, Captain. Ezekiel Halstead, 2d Lieutenant.

Alexander Hunt, 1st Lieutenant. Daniel Horton Ensign.

SCARSDALE, WHITE PLAINS, And Brown's Point. Joshua Hatfield, Captain. Anthony Miller, 2d Lieutenant.

James Verrian, 1st Lieutenant. John Falconer, Ensign.

HARRISON PRECINCT, And the Upper End of King Street. Henry Dusinberry, Captain. Caleb Paulding, 2d Lieutenant.

Lyon Mills, 1st Lieutenant. Gilbert Dusinberry, Ensign.

NORTHCASTLE. East Company.

Benoni Piatt, Captain. Abraham Knapp, 2d Lieutenat,

David Hobby, 1st Lieutenant. Jonathan Guion, Ensign.

NORTHCASTLE.

South Company.

Benjamin Ogdeu, Captain. Caleb Merritt, Jun., 2d LieuteaiUiU

Jeremiah Hunter, 1st Lieutenant. James Broudige, Ensign.

INTRODUCTION.

In Northcastle, North Company, there were not persons sufficient in number who had signed the association, to make officers of ; so that nothing was done.

BEDFORD.

Eastern District.

Lewis McDonald, Jun., Captain. Henry Lord, 2d Lieutenant.

Gilbert Dusinberry, Ensign.

NORTHCASTLE. East Company.

Benoni Piatt, Captain. Abraham Knapp, 2d Lieutenat,

David Hobby, 1st Lieutenant. Jonathan Guion, Ensign.

NORTHCASTLE.

South Company.

Benjamin Ogdeu, Captain. Caleb Merritt, Jun., 2d LieuteaiUiU

Jeremiah Hunter, 1st Lieutenant. James Broudige, Ensign.

INTRODUCTION.

In Northcastle, North Company, there were not persons sufficient in number who had signed the association, to make officers of ; so that nothing was done.

BEDFORD.

Eastern District.

Lewis McDonald, Jun., Captain. Henry Lord, 2d Lieutenant.

James Miller, 1st Lieutenant. Jesse Miller, Ensign.

BEDFORD.

Western District.

Eli Seely, Captain. Ephraim Raymond, 2d Lieutenant.

Hezekiah Grey. 1st Lieutenant. Gabriel Higgins. Ensign.

P.OUNDRIDGE.

Joseph Lockwood, Captain, William Fansher, 2d Lieutenant.

Noah Bouton, 1st Lieutenant. Gilbert Reynolds, Ensign,

SALEM.

South District.

Abijah Gilbert, Captain. Sands Raymond, 2d Lieutenant.

Jacob Haight, 1st Lieutenant. Joseph Cooley, Ensign.

SALEM.

Northern District.

Thaddens Crane, Captain. Ezekiel Hawley, 2d Lieutenant.

Jesse Truesdale, 1st Lieutenant. Ebenezer Brown, Ensign.

A List of the Officers chosen in the several districts of the North Battalion, of Westchester County.

MANOR OF CORTLANDT. The District late commanded by Francis Lent.

James Kronkhyte, Captain, Staats Degrete, 2d Lieuteutant.

Abraham Lamb, 1st Lieutenant. David Penore, Ensign.

The District late commanded by Bartow Underhill : -- Gilbert van Cortlaudt, Captain.

Daniel Haines, 1st Lieutenant ; sigDed the association the day he was chosen. James Teller, 2d Lieutenant. Hermanns Gardiner, Sen., Ensign.

INTRODUCTION. xxi

The District late commanded by Jeremiah Drake : -- Gilbert Lockwood, Captain.

John Drake, 1st Lieutenant ; signed the association the day he was chosen. Joshua Drake, 2d Lieutenant ; the like. Peter Carman, Ensign; the like.

David Penore, Ensign.

The District late commanded by Bartow Underhill : -- Gilbert van Cortlaudt, Captain.

Daniel Haines, 1st Lieutenant ; sigDed the association the day he was chosen. James Teller, 2d Lieutenant. Hermanns Gardiner, Sen., Ensign.

INTRODUCTION. xxi

The District late commanded by Jeremiah Drake : -- Gilbert Lockwood, Captain.

John Drake, 1st Lieutenant ; signed the association the day he was chosen. Joshua Drake, 2d Lieutenant ; the like. Peter Carman, Ensign; the like.

The District late commanded by Joseph Strang : --

John Hyatt, Captain. John Drake, 1st Lieutenant. Obadiah Purdy, 2d Lieutenant.

Joseph Horton, Ensign ; signed the association the day he was elected. Commission issued, dated September 20.

The District late commanded by Ebenezer Theall : -- Andrew Brown, Captain. John Orissey Miller, 2d Lieutenant.

Samuel Haight, 1st Lieutenant. Solomon Purdy, Ensign.

Commission issued, dated September 20.

The North Division of the District, late commanded by Levi Bailey : --

Nathaniel Delavan, Captain. Titus Runnells, 2d Lieutenant.

Thomas Nichols, Jun., 1st Lieutenant. Abraham Purely, Ensign.

Commission issued, dated September 20.

The South Division of the same District : --

Gideon Selah. Captain. Caleb Hobby, 2d Lieutenant.

Samuel Lawrence, 1st Lieutenant. Abram Todd, Ensign.

The Company commanded by David Montross refused to choose officers.

A List of Officers chosen in the several Districts of the North Battalion of Westchester County.

Manor of Cortlandt, the District late commanded by Francis Lent : --

James Kronckhyte, Captain, Abram Lamb, 1st Lieutenant.

Staats Dregrete. 2d Lieutenant. David Penore, Ensign.

The South Division of the same District : --

Gideon Selah. Captain. Caleb Hobby, 2d Lieutenant.

Samuel Lawrence, 1st Lieutenant. Abram Todd, Ensign.

The Company commanded by David Montross refused to choose officers.

A List of Officers chosen in the several Districts of the North Battalion of Westchester County.

Manor of Cortlandt, the District late commanded by Francis Lent : --

James Kronckhyte, Captain, Abram Lamb, 1st Lieutenant.

Staats Dregrete. 2d Lieutenant. David Penore, Ensign.

The District late commanded by Bartow Underhill. : -- Gilbert van Cortlandt, Captain.

Dan. Hains, 1st Lieutenant ; signed the association the day he was chosen. James Teller, 2d Lieutenant.

Hermanus Gardiner, sen'r, Ensign.

XXII

INTRODUCTION.

The District late commanded by Jeremiah Drake : -- Gilbert Lockwood, Captain.

John Drake, 1st Lieutenant ; signed the association the day he was chosen. Justus A. Drake. 2d Lieutenant ; the like. Peter Carman, Ensign ; the like.

The District late commanded by Joseph Strang : -- John Hyatt, Captain.

John Drake, 1st Lieutenant ; commission issued dated Sept. 20. Obadiah Purely, 2d Lieutenant.

Joseph Horton, Ensign ; signed the association the day he was elected.

The District late commanded by Ebenezer Theall: --

Andrew Brown, Captain. Samuel Haight, 1st Lieutenant.

John Crissey Miller, 2d Lieutenant ; commission issued dated Sept. 20. Solomon Purdy, Ensign.

INTROOWrlOS.

xxiii

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a c

S a

a !-.

2 j

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W CON

__ CD *l r-c

d ^

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"S3

a s^1

Obadiah Purely, 2d Lieutenant.

Joseph Horton, Ensign ; signed the association the day he was elected.

The District late commanded by Ebenezer Theall: --

Andrew Brown, Captain. Samuel Haight, 1st Lieutenant.

John Crissey Miller, 2d Lieutenant ; commission issued dated Sept. 20. Solomon Purdy, Ensign.

INTROOWrlOS.

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INTRODUCTION.

Tntitled List of Field Officers for Westchester County, Sept. 12, 1775.

(Endorsed on the back, "An Old Letter on Military Returns," Sec. Stat. Offlce, foL 26, 17T5,

page 13.)

Commissions issued, dated October 14, 1775.

FIELD OFFICERS NOMINATED BY THE COMMITTEE OF WESTCHESTER CO.

First Regiment.

Jo9eph Drake, Colonel. James Hammond, Lieutenant. Moses Drake, 1st Major. Jonathan G. Graham, 2d Major. Ahraham Emmons, Adjutant. Theophilus Bartow, jun'r, Quarter Master.

Second Regiment.

Thomas Thomas, Colonel. Gilbert Budil, Lieutenant-Colonel. Ebenezer Lockwood, 1st Major. Thaddeus Crane, 2d Major. Jonathan G. Tompkins, Adjutant. John Thomas, 2d Quarter Master.

Third Regiment. Pierre van Cortlandt, Colonel. Gilbert Drake, Lieutenant-Colonel. Joseph Strang, 1st Major. Ebenezer Purdy, 2d Major. John Cooley, Adjutant Isaac Norton, Quarter Master.

THE WESTCHESTER GUIDES. During the Revolution. John Pine, Michael Dyckman,

John Odell, James Oakley,

Abraham Dyckman, Frederick Martin Post,

Isaac Odell.

MAP OP BEDFORD.

REVISED HISTORY

OF THE

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Gilbert Budil, Lieutenant-Colonel. Ebenezer Lockwood, 1st Major. Thaddeus Crane, 2d Major. Jonathan G. Tompkins, Adjutant. John Thomas, 2d Quarter Master.

Third Regiment. Pierre van Cortlandt, Colonel. Gilbert Drake, Lieutenant-Colonel. Joseph Strang, 1st Major. Ebenezer Purdy, 2d Major. John Cooley, Adjutant Isaac Norton, Quarter Master.

THE WESTCHESTER GUIDES. During the Revolution. John Pine, Michael Dyckman,

John Odell, James Oakley,

Abraham Dyckman, Frederick Martin Post,

Isaac Odell.

MAP OP BEDFORD.

REVISED HISTORY

OF THE

COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

This town forms in shape nearly a square, each of its sides being six miles in length. The name is derived from the town of the same title in Bedfordshire, England, from whence the early settlers came. The earlier etymology of its name in the Saxon language was Jjcbanpoiti), "more eminent," says Camden, "for the pleasantness of its situation, and its antiquity, than for either beauty or largeness."*

Among the Mohegan Indians Bedford formed a portion of the sachemdom of Rippowam, which extended eighteen miles north of Stamford, on the " Manunketesuck," or Sound, also eight miles east and west of the same.

"Within this territory," we are informed, "were traces of at least four distinct clans." "On the west side, with his seat not far from where the line now separates Stamford from Greenwich, was the bold and warlike Mayaro, with his vindictive band of warriors, already experienced in the conflict, both with the savage and civilized foe. Whence they had come, or how many they might count, we shall never know."

Among the Mohegan Indians Bedford formed a portion of the sachemdom of Rippowam, which extended eighteen miles north of Stamford, on the " Manunketesuck," or Sound, also eight miles east and west of the same.

"Within this territory," we are informed, "were traces of at least four distinct clans." "On the west side, with his seat not far from where the line now separates Stamford from Greenwich, was the bold and warlike Mayaro, with his vindictive band of warriors, already experienced in the conflict, both with the savage and civilized foe. Whence they had come, or how many they might count, we shall never know."

Further to the east, with his princely residence overlooking both the bays which enclosed the finest headland of Rippowam, was WasGussue, Lord of Shippan. Not so spirited as Mayaro, he seemed to linger with a handful of his tribe, in a sort of princely repose upon the fair field which his more youthful arm had won, unwilling to leave the charming heritage, which in his sadness he saw now for the first time seriously invaded.

Still farther towards the rising sun and beyond the lovely Noroton bay, was the empire of Piamikin, whose deed of alienation makes him

•Camden's Brittannia.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

sagamore of Roatan, and whose jealous eye guarded the territory and fishing grounds, away out to the waters of the babbling Ro .valton (Five Mile River).

On the north of these sea-washed domains lay the more extended realms of Ponus. From his ancestors he had received the wooded hills and brook-washed vales that stretch far away to the north until they are lost in the forests, even among the Mohawk tribes, which even the red men did not claim -- a wild border ground between the eastern and western tribes, and he hoped to hand them all over to hie idol, Powahag, the bright-faced son of his first born Onox.

On the north of these sea-washed domains lay the more extended realms of Ponus. From his ancestors he had received the wooded hills and brook-washed vales that stretch far away to the north until they are lost in the forests, even among the Mohawk tribes, which even the red men did not claim -- a wild border ground between the eastern and western tribes, and he hoped to hand them all over to hie idol, Powahag, the bright-faced son of his first born Onox. But the old patriarch of his wasting tribe, saw his warriors fade and perish as if touched with the power of his own decay, and he yielded gracefully to the stern necessity. He lived, as we shall see presently, to sign with his own hand the deed which forever alienated from himself and heirs, "all the uplands, meadows, and grass, with the rivers, and trees," that had once been his rejoicing and his pride.*

Upon the ist of July, 1640, Nathaniel Turner, agent, in behalf of the people of Quinipiacke (New Haven), "bought of Ponus, sagamore of Toquams, and of Wascussue, sagamore of Shippan (the other Indians consenting thereto), all the ground belonging to the said sagamores, except a piece of ground which Ponus reserved for himself and the other Indians to plant upon." This purchase embraced all the land sixteen miles north of the Sound. The Indian name of the tract was Rippowams.f

"The consideration was twelve coats, twelve hoes, twelve hatchets, •twelve glasses, twelve knives, two kettles, and five fathoms of white wampum." The liberty of hunting and fishing on the land was reserved by the Indians.^ The above sale was confirmed to the inhabitants of Stamford on the nth of August, 1655, by Ponus, and Onox his eldest son: "extending sixteen miles north of the town plot of Stamford and two miles still further north for the pasture of their cattle ; also eight miles east and west, (the same as paid for before); and as a further recompense, four coats of English cloth was given them.j This grant, which embraced nearly the whole township of Bedford, "was offered by the New Haven Colony (the same year) to a company of dissatisfied men at Weathersfield, Conn., who, looking about for a new home; but

"The consideration was twelve coats, twelve hoes, twelve hatchets, •twelve glasses, twelve knives, two kettles, and five fathoms of white wampum." The liberty of hunting and fishing on the land was reserved by the Indians.^ The above sale was confirmed to the inhabitants of Stamford on the nth of August, 1655, by Ponus, and Onox his eldest son: "extending sixteen miles north of the town plot of Stamford and two miles still further north for the pasture of their cattle ; also eight miles east and west, (the same as paid for before); and as a further recompense, four coats of English cloth was given them.j This grant, which embraced nearly the whole township of Bedford, "was offered by the New Haven Colony (the same year) to a company of dissatisfied men at Weathersfield, Conn., who, looking about for a new home; but

'Huntington, nist. of Stamford, p. 102-3.

tOn the 30th of October, HMO, Mr. Andrew Ward and Mr. Robert Coe, on behalf of themselves and twenty other planters, purchased Kippowains of New Haven, for .£33 sterling. Lambert's nistory of New Haven, 176.

tLambert's nistory of New naven.

{Huntington's nist. of Stamford.

THE TOWN OF HEDFORD.

no settlement was effected under this deed, and it is only of interest as fixing the earliest date at which any part of the present town of Bedford passed out of Indian possession."* Ponus Street, New Canaan, denotes, there can be no doubt, that Sachem's residence, as well as Onox's Ridge, that of his son and successor. There was also a path called Ponassesf in the town of Norwalk, Conn., as early as 1687. The following table will show the descent of Ponus for three generations.

no settlement was effected under this deed, and it is only of interest as fixing the earliest date at which any part of the present town of Bedford passed out of Indian possession."* Ponus Street, New Canaan, denotes, there can be no doubt, that Sachem's residence, as well as Onox's Ridge, that of his son and successor. There was also a path called Ponassesf in the town of Norwalk, Conn., as early as 1687. The following table will show the descent of Ponus for three generations.

Wascussue, Sachem of Shippan.

Onox the elder, Taphasse, Owenoke,

1G55. 1CG7. 1640.

Pouus, Sachem of Rippowains, A. I). 1640.

Powahag, Onox the

1667. younger.

Sometime subsequent to the Indian sale in 1655, the old township of Bedford was emphatically styled "Catonah's land," after the Indian chief and proprietor of that name; hence we deduce the origin of the local term "Cantitoe," which yet survives in the northern part of the town. The termination "oe" denoting the place of that Sachem's residence. Catonah must have assumed the supremacy over these lands about 1680, for his first conveyance to the proprietors of the "Hop Grounds" bears date 23d December that year. Some connection doubtless existed between Catonah and his predecessor Powahag or Penaghag, but what it was is hard to determine at this distant period. About 1700 Catonah or Catoona and Coll confirmed to the English (inhabitants of Stamford) all the previous grants of territory, "westward as far as Bedford," and acknowledged the receipt of "considerable and valuable sums of money;" and beside all this make special mention "of deeds or grants made to the English by Taphasse, Ponus, Penchayo, old Onox, young Onox, a deed to Captain Turner and also a deed by Hawatonaman, which the Stamford records have not preserved." J In a conveyance to John Belden, of Norwalk, and others, Sept. 30th, 1708, Catonah styles himself "Sachem of the Ramapo Indians within his majesty's province of New York," and this is the last we hear of him.

About 1700 Catonah or Catoona and Coll confirmed to the English (inhabitants of Stamford) all the previous grants of territory, "westward as far as Bedford," and acknowledged the receipt of "considerable and valuable sums of money;" and beside all this make special mention "of deeds or grants made to the English by Taphasse, Ponus, Penchayo, old Onox, young Onox, a deed to Captain Turner and also a deed by Hawatonaman, which the Stamford records have not preserved." J In a conveyance to John Belden, of Norwalk, and others, Sept. 30th, 1708, Catonah styles himself "Sachem of the Ramapo Indians within his majesty's province of New York," and this is the last we hear of him. AVachamane was probably his son and successor in the Sachemdom.

•Address of Joseph Barratt, Esq., 4th July, 1S7G. tE. Hall's Hist. Rec of Norwalk, page S2. ^Huntington's History of Stamford.

Recorder Catonah, July, '77.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

A bold eminence lying to the north of Bedford village retains the aboriginal name of Aspetong or Aspicung (Indian terms for a:i indigenous variety of an odoriferous grape); while another on the west, covered with luxurious woods and visible from all parts of the surrounding country, still bears the title of its aboriginal proprietor, Nanama, one of the six great sagamores who (we shall see presently) sold land half a mile square lying west of the old Hop Grounds in 1692. Two roads in the western part of the town traverse the Indian paths of Potiticus and Suckebouk, the former leading to Cohansey, a wild and romantic spot west of Broad Brook, and almost under the shadow of Nanama. Here was a famous spring of water, and here the Indians continued to reside down to a late period of our Colonial History.

A bold eminence lying to the north of Bedford village retains the aboriginal name of Aspetong or Aspicung (Indian terms for a:i indigenous variety of an odoriferous grape); while another on the west, covered with luxurious woods and visible from all parts of the surrounding country, still bears the title of its aboriginal proprietor, Nanama, one of the six great sagamores who (we shall see presently) sold land half a mile square lying west of the old Hop Grounds in 1692. Two roads in the western part of the town traverse the Indian paths of Potiticus and Suckebouk, the former leading to Cohansey, a wild and romantic spot west of Broad Brook, and almost under the shadow of Nanama. Here was a famous spring of water, and here the Indians continued to reside down to a late period of our Colonial History.

Amawalk lot is a fine knoll situated near the banks of Stony Hill River, in the immediate vicinity of which are the "pits," a sandy plain surrounded by woods and marshy ground, almost bordering on the Beaver Dam River, both these places were favorite sites for Indian lodges. Patomus Ridge lies a little farther eastward, upon which stood a Cluster of wigwams, in 1692. Armonck, Comonck, or Kahomesug, sold by Catoona and other Indians to the proprietors of the Hop Grounds in 1683, is situated in the south-west part of the town. Cornelius Van Tienhoven (an early Dutch authority) in describing the bounds of the Indian territory of Wechquaesqueck, says, "This land is situate between two rivulets called Sintsinck and Armonck lying between the East and North River.* The term Armonck| (here alluded to) is supposed to have been the original Indian appellation for the Byram River, whose springs rise from the Comonck hills in this town, sometimes called Cohamong ridge the last syllable otick or ong, when taken in connection with the rest of the word, denotes "the place or locality where shells are manufactured into wampum." From this we infer that the seawan (the specie currency of the natives) was once manufactured in large quantities upon the banks of the Byram or Armonck, while the whole county of Westchester was denominated "Laaphawachking," or "place of stringing beads."

Cornelius Van Tienhoven (an early Dutch authority) in describing the bounds of the Indian territory of Wechquaesqueck, says, "This land is situate between two rivulets called Sintsinck and Armonck lying between the East and North River.* The term Armonck| (here alluded to) is supposed to have been the original Indian appellation for the Byram River, whose springs rise from the Comonck hills in this town, sometimes called Cohamong ridge the last syllable otick or ong, when taken in connection with the rest of the word, denotes "the place or locality where shells are manufactured into wampum." From this we infer that the seawan (the specie currency of the natives) was once manufactured in large quantities upon the banks of the Byram or Armonck, while the whole county of Westchester was denominated "Laaphawachking," or "place of stringing beads."

"Quauhaug is an English corruption of the Indian word Poquauhock. The New England and Long Island Indians called the round, hard-shell clam Poquau, and added the termination hog, huog, hock or haug, to signify the plural. In old works on New England and New

•O'Callagan's Hist, of New Netherland, vol. 1, p. UO.

tAmochk in the Delaware tongue signlfles Baaver. Essay of a Delaware Indian, Ac,, by Bjivid Zeisberger, Phila, 1776.

JRec. of 60. Road's Register's office, p. L

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

Netherland History these clams are called Poquauhock, Poquauhaug, &c The English {not the Indians), by omitting the first syllable reduced the word to Quauhaug or Quahaug, the latter being the mode of spelling usually adopted by the early New England and Dutch writers. Roger Williams does not use the word " Quauhaug," nor does he allude to the corruption. The following is his description of "Poquauhock': 'This the English call hens; a little thick shell fish which the Indians wade deep and dive for ; and after they have eaten there -- in those which are good, they break out of the shell, about half an inch of a black part of it, of which they make their ' Suckauhock,' or black money, which is to them precious. 'Seawan,' or 'Seawant,' was the general name applied by the Indians to their currency made from shells.

The following is his description of "Poquauhock': 'This the English call hens; a little thick shell fish which the Indians wade deep and dive for ; and after they have eaten there -- in those which are good, they break out of the shell, about half an inch of a black part of it, of which they make their ' Suckauhock,' or black money, which is to them precious. 'Seawan,' or 'Seawant,' was the general name applied by the Indians to their currency made from shells. Wampum or White money was made from the stem or stock of 'Meteahock' (Periwinkles). This was their silver. ' Suckanhock was made from the purple portion of the shell of ' Poquahock.' This was their gold. Both the Dutch and English, however, soon began to drop the distinctive terms. Hence we find ' Wampum ' or ' Wampom ' used to designate the Indian money without regard to color. In making their 'gold,' the Indians broke from the 'Poquauhock' a 'Quauhaug' about half an inch of the dark purple portion of the inside and converted it into beads of the diameter of a large straw, and about one third of an inch in length. Before the introduction of awls and thread from Europe, these beads were bored longitudinally with sharp stones and strung upon the sinews of animals. 'Their Merchandise,' said Josselyn, in speaking of the Indian commerce, 'are their beads which are their money; of these there are two sorts: blue beads and white beads; the first is their gold, the last their silver; these they work out of certain shells so cunning that neither Jew nor Devil can counterfeit; they drill them and string them and make many curious works with them to adorn the persons of their sagamores and principal young men and women, as belts, girdles, tablets, borders for their women's hair, bracelets, necklaces, and links to hang in their ears.

Before the introduction of awls and thread from Europe, these beads were bored longitudinally with sharp stones and strung upon the sinews of animals. 'Their Merchandise,' said Josselyn, in speaking of the Indian commerce, 'are their beads which are their money; of these there are two sorts: blue beads and white beads; the first is their gold, the last their silver; these they work out of certain shells so cunning that neither Jew nor Devil can counterfeit; they drill them and string them and make many curious works with them to adorn the persons of their sagamores and principal young men and women, as belts, girdles, tablets, borders for their women's hair, bracelets, necklaces, and links to hang in their ears. Prince Phillip, a little before I came from England, had a coat on and buskins set thick with these beads in pleasant wild works -- and a wide belt of the same; -- his accoutrements were valued at twenty pounds.' With this Seawan, commonly called Wampum, the Indians paid tribute, redeemed captives, atoned for murders and other wrongs, and purchased peace with their more powerful neighbors as occasion required. It was the seal of a contract and the oath of fidelity. In the form of a belt it was sent with all public messages, and sometimes-- marked with curious hieroglyphics -- was preserved as a record of important transactions between rival tribes. A message sent without

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

the belt was spurned as an empty word. The return of a belt was understood as the rejection of an offer or of the terms accompanying the same. A string of 'Sea wan' was sometimes delivered by the orator in public council at the close of each proposition as ratifying the speaker's truth and sincerity. Strings of 'Wampum' were occasionally tied around the neck of a white dog, and the animal thus decorated was fastened to a pole and offered up as a sacrifice to 'Thalonghyawaagon,' the upholder of the skies.

The return of a belt was understood as the rejection of an offer or of the terms accompanying the same. A string of 'Sea wan' was sometimes delivered by the orator in public council at the close of each proposition as ratifying the speaker's truth and sincerity. Strings of 'Wampum' were occasionally tied around the neck of a white dog, and the animal thus decorated was fastened to a pole and offered up as a sacrifice to 'Thalonghyawaagon,' the upholder of the skies. Long Island was called ' Seawan-Hacky,' the Island of Shells. Immense quantities of Seawan were manufactured there. In the extensive shell-banks left by the Indians, a whole shell is rarely found, nearly all having been more or less broken in the process of making 'wampom.' The French at one time made unsuccessful efforts to circulate a porcelain counterfeit. The Dutch manufactured great quantities from the genuine material -- their superior mechanical facilities giving them much advantage over the Indians. The Dutch valued three purple beads at one Stuyver (penny) -- double the price of the white beads.

"According to Loskiel, 'Wampum' or 'Wampom,' signifies in the language of the Iroquois a 'muscle.' 'These muscles,' he says, 'are chiefly found on the coast of Virginia and Maryland, and are valued according to their color, which is brown, violet, and white. The former are sometimes of so dark a shade that they pass for black, and are double the price of white. Having first sawed them into square pieces about a quarter of an inch in length and an eighth in thickness, they grind them round or oval upon a common grindstone. Then a hole being bored lengthways through each, large enough to admit a wire, whipcord, or thin thong, they are strung like beads and the string of 'wampom' is complete.

The former are sometimes of so dark a shade that they pass for black, and are double the price of white. Having first sawed them into square pieces about a quarter of an inch in length and an eighth in thickness, they grind them round or oval upon a common grindstone. Then a hole being bored lengthways through each, large enough to admit a wire, whipcord, or thin thong, they are strung like beads and the string of 'wampom' is complete. Four or six strings joined in one breadth and fastened to each other with fine thread make a belt of 'wampom,' being about three or four inches wide and three feet long, containing, perhaps, from eight or twelve fathoms of 'wampom' in proportion to its requisite length and breadth.'

"One of the most celebrated 'wampom' belts known to have been wrought by the Indians was presented to William Penn by the Lenni- Lenape-Sachems on the occasion of the famous Treaty of 1682. The writer has in his possession a facsimile of this belt. The original belt was » presented to the Pennsylvania Historical Society by Granville John Penn, Esq., May 25th, 1857. It is of the very neatest workmanship. Its length is twenty-six inches, and its breadth nine inches. It consists of eighteen strings woven together -- formed entirely of small beads strung in rows. In the centre there is a rude, but striking representation,

THK TOWN OF BKDFORD.

worked in dark violet beads -- of two men, one somewhat the stouter, wearing a hat ; the other rather thin, having an uncovered head. The figures stand erect, with hands clasped -- symbolic of the contract which will always live in History as -- 'Not sworn to, but never broken.'

It consists of eighteen strings woven together -- formed entirely of small beads strung in rows. In the centre there is a rude, but striking representation,

THK TOWN OF BKDFORD.

worked in dark violet beads -- of two men, one somewhat the stouter, wearing a hat ; the other rather thin, having an uncovered head. The figures stand erect, with hands clasped -- symbolic of the contract which will always live in History as -- 'Not sworn to, but never broken.'

"The use of 'Quauhaug' in the form of a wampum belt was the most solemn purpose to which the Indians devoted the precious shell.

"For more than one hundred years after the settlement of New Netherland and New England it served as a circulating medium in the affairs of trade and was received with equal good faith by the Indians and Whites.

"Until within quite a recent period wampum was manufactured in Suffolk County, Long Island. As late as the Summer of 1831, several bushels were sent from Babylon to be used by the Indians of the Western Territories for the purpose of conventions and treaties. Although Quauhaug is technically a plural -- custom and usage long established and now sanctioned by the best writers have made it a singular word."*

The great Indian settlement of this town was called "Nanichiestawack," which occupied the southern spur of "Indian Hill," sometimes called the "Indian Farm," and "Stony Point or Hill," stretching toward die north-west. There is a most romantic approach to the site of mountain fastness, by a steep, narrow, beaten track opposite the Stamford cart path, as it was formerly denominated, which followed the old Indian trail called the "Thoroughfare." There is a tradition current in the neighborhood that the south side of this hill was the scene of a bloody fight between the early settlers and the aboriginees.

The great Indian settlement of this town was called "Nanichiestawack," which occupied the southern spur of "Indian Hill," sometimes called the "Indian Farm," and "Stony Point or Hill," stretching toward die north-west. There is a most romantic approach to the site of mountain fastness, by a steep, narrow, beaten track opposite the Stamford cart path, as it was formerly denominated, which followed the old Indian trail called the "Thoroughfare." There is a tradition current in the neighborhood that the south side of this hill was the scene of a bloody fight between the early settlers and the aboriginees. Mrs. Martha Holmes, an aged inhabitant of Bedford, living in 1848, remembered as far back as 1765 to have seen several mounds at the foot of this hill, a little south of the old school house, which were pointed out to her as the graves of those who fell in the conflict ; while another tradition says that a stream of blood ran down on the south side of the hill, and many bones were afterwards interred there. The truth is that a bloody fight actually took place here between a hundred and thirty Dutch troops, led by the redoubtable Capt. John Underhill (who had fought under Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, in the Low Countries), one full moonlight night in February, 1644, and a tribe of the Sinaroys Indians, on which occasion seven hundred of the latter perished amidst the flames and surroundings of " Nanichiestawack."\

It appears that "the campaign of 1644 was opened by an expedition

The truth is that a bloody fight actually took place here between a hundred and thirty Dutch troops, led by the redoubtable Capt. John Underhill (who had fought under Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, in the Low Countries), one full moonlight night in February, 1644, and a tribe of the Sinaroys Indians, on which occasion seven hundred of the latter perished amidst the flames and surroundings of " Nanichiestawack."\

It appears that "the campaign of 1644 was opened by an expedition

•An " Indian Talk " abont QuahauK ami Wampum, hv Reuhkwehhehnweh, New Rochelle, July 18, 1SG0. Taken from yew Rochelle Pioneer, July 15, 1865.

tSome say the village of " Petuguepaen."

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

that scoured Staten Island in the hope of meeting the tribes of that region; but they found no Indians to contend with, and returned after only a few days' absence, with no other booty than a few hundred schepels of corn.

A messenger from Stamford arrived at the fort, bearing the head of the Indian chief Mayano, and reporting that a large body of hostile Indians was encamped near Greenwich. A detachment of one hundred - and twenty men was sent off by water. They landed at Greenwich and after marching all night without meeting the enemy, halted at Stamford. It was evident either that the Indians had been warned of the expedition, or that the story of the encampment was false. The troops had been sent mainly on the representations of Captain Daniel Patrick, of Greenwich, and to him the disappointed Dutchmen looked for an explanation. On a Sunday afternoon, during the hour of sen-ice, a Dutch soldier met the captain at Stamford, and, after stating that the troops had been deluded, openly charged him with treachery. The captain threw back the insult with some rough words, and spat in his accuser's face; but as he turned on his heel the Dutchman drew a pistol and shot him dead.

The troops had been sent mainly on the representations of Captain Daniel Patrick, of Greenwich, and to him the disappointed Dutchmen looked for an explanation. On a Sunday afternoon, during the hour of sen-ice, a Dutch soldier met the captain at Stamford, and, after stating that the troops had been deluded, openly charged him with treachery. The captain threw back the insult with some rough words, and spat in his accuser's face; but as he turned on his heel the Dutchman drew a pistol and shot him dead.

Some Stamford men, who seemed nettled at the taunts of the Dutch, volunteered to discover the place where the Indians lay concealed. Four scouts went out, who 60on returned, and conducted a party of twenty-five to an Indian village, where about twenty savages were killed; and an old man, two squaws, and some children made prisoners. The old man offered to show the Dutch the way to Wetquescheck, an Indian stronghold consisting of three castles constructed of plank five inches thick, nine feet high, and braced all around by heavy timbers, pierced for small arms. Sixty-five men, under the command of Lieutenant Baxter and Sergeant Cock, following the old man's guidance, cautiously approached the castles, expecting a formidable resistance; but, to their surprise, they found the stronghold deserted. The over-prudent Indians had retreated, leaving the Dutch to burn two of the castles, a small quantity of stores, kill one or two men, and take a few women and children prisoners.

Meanwhile Pennewitz, of Long Island, one of the oldest and most experienced chiefs in the country, and who, in the first war, had proposed to slaughter the Dutch in a single night, was secretly acting a hostile part, and had already killed a number of Christians and burnt numerous barns. It was therefore resolved to send a force of one hundred and twenty men towards Heemstede (Hempstead), the English under command of Underhill, the Dutch under Peter Cock, and all

Meanwhile Pennewitz, of Long Island, one of the oldest and most experienced chiefs in the country, and who, in the first war, had proposed to slaughter the Dutch in a single night, was secretly acting a hostile part, and had already killed a number of Christians and burnt numerous barns. It was therefore resolved to send a force of one hundred and twenty men towards Heemstede (Hempstead), the English under command of Underhill, the Dutch under Peter Cock, and all

THE TOWN OK BEDFORD.

under the general supervision of La Montague. The advance guard, having killed an Indian spy, waited until the main body came up, when the troops were formed in two divisions, and an attack was made at the same time on Matsepe (Maspeth) and a smaller village near at hand In a few hours over a hundred Indians lay dead upon the field, while, on the part of the Dutch and English, the loss was only one killed and tliree wounded.

On the return of this expedition, Captain Underhill was dispatched to Stamford in quest of information relative to the Indians of that region. Meeting the same guide who had led the Dutch forces astray in the Greenwich expedition, he learned that nearly a thousand Indians were assembled not far off, to celebrate one of their festivals. The guide, anxious to redeem his reputation, offered to lead the Dutch to the Indian rendezvous, in order to prove that the former mischance was not his fault. ' Captain Underhill, in reporting these facts to Kieft, advised an immediate attack. A force of one hundred and thirty men was dispatched in three yachts, under the Captain's command.

Meeting the same guide who had led the Dutch forces astray in the Greenwich expedition, he learned that nearly a thousand Indians were assembled not far off, to celebrate one of their festivals. The guide, anxious to redeem his reputation, offered to lead the Dutch to the Indian rendezvous, in order to prove that the former mischance was not his fault. ' Captain Underhill, in reporting these facts to Kieft, advised an immediate attack. A force of one hundred and thirty men was dispatched in three yachts, under the Captain's command.

It was now mid-winter. The earth was covered with snow, and the little army, after landing at Greenwich, passed a dreary night in the midst of a howling storm. Early next morning the troops took up their line of march in a north-westerly direction, and steadily but slowly advanced all day long, trudging through the deep snow, creeping over stony hills laid bare by the sweeping winds, and wading over half frozen streams. By eight o'clock they arrived within a league of the Indian village, and halted to rest and arrange the plan of battle. The village, which had been carefully arranged for winter quarters, lay snugly en^ sconced in a low mountain recess, completely sheltered from the bleak northerly winds, and consisted of a large number of huts disposed in three streets, each about eighty paces long. As the Dutch approached they found the Indians prepared to receive them, whereupon Capt. Underhill gave orders to charge sword in hand. His men rushed in and tried to surround the huts ; but the savages, who seemed this time to act with some degree of military skill, deployed in small bands, and fought with such vigor that in a few moments thirteen of the soldiers were disabled.

The village, which had been carefully arranged for winter quarters, lay snugly en^ sconced in a low mountain recess, completely sheltered from the bleak northerly winds, and consisted of a large number of huts disposed in three streets, each about eighty paces long. As the Dutch approached they found the Indians prepared to receive them, whereupon Capt. Underhill gave orders to charge sword in hand. His men rushed in and tried to surround the huts ; but the savages, who seemed this time to act with some degree of military skill, deployed in small bands, and fought with such vigor that in a few moments thirteen of the soldiers were disabled.

The contest, however, did not long continue. The Dutch, though greatly inferior in numbers, were vastly superior in skill, weapons, discipline, and powers of endurance, to their brave, but weak, half-starved, and poorly armed adversaries. The Indians were soon pressed so hard as to be obliged to make for their huts, where they still kept up the fight by discharging arrows through loop holes. Nearly two hundred of

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

their number lay dead upon the snow; but the survivors still fought on with the desperation of men who understood the merciless character of their assailants, and preferred death to a captivity that might end in torture. Underhill now gave orders to fire the huts. The Indians tried every way to escape; but they were by this time completely surrounded, and, finding it impossible to break through the lines, they quietly retired with their wives and children to the blazing huts, and whole families submitted to the flames rather than die by the sword. They would not even gratify their enemies by the least sound that might betray anything like pain or terror; although more than five hundred Indians, many of whom were women and children, miserably perished on that awful night ; not one was heard to cry or scream.

The Indians tried every way to escape; but they were by this time completely surrounded, and, finding it impossible to break through the lines, they quietly retired with their wives and children to the blazing huts, and whole families submitted to the flames rather than die by the sword. They would not even gratify their enemies by the least sound that might betray anything like pain or terror; although more than five hundred Indians, many of whom were women and children, miserably perished on that awful night ; not one was heard to cry or scream.

The Dutch victory was complete. Large fires were built, for the air was intensely cold; the wounded were dressed, sentinels were posted, and the weary troops bivouacked on the battle ground for the remainder of the night.

How terrible the change that a few hours had brought upon the Indian village, which, at the setting of the sun, lay so peacefully in that mountain gorge, surrounded by the pure, untrodden snow !

The village now a smouldering ruin -- the snow trampled and scattered by many a desperate struggle -- crimsoned, too, with blood, and holding in its cold embrace hundreds of ghastly forms -- what more desolate picture could Revenge itself have desired to behold than the ruined homes, the broken weapons, the gory scalps, and the grim faces of the dead, which the full moon disclosed as her silvery rays streamed upon the mountain slope and floated down the valley !*

O'Callaghon thus details the action in his history of the N. H. : " On his return from Heemstede, Capt. Underhill was ordered to Stamford, to obtain particulars of the whereabouts of the savages. He brought word back, that they were encamped some five hundred strong in that direction, and that the old guide urged the forwarding a body of troops immediately thither, as he was desirous, on the one hand, to prove that the former ill-success of the Dutch was not his fault; on the other hand anxious for protection, as his life was in constant danger.

Underhill was ordered to Stamford, to obtain particulars of the whereabouts of the savages. He brought word back, that they were encamped some five hundred strong in that direction, and that the old guide urged the forwarding a body of troops immediately thither, as he was desirous, on the one hand, to prove that the former ill-success of the Dutch was not his fault; on the other hand anxious for protection, as his life was in constant danger.

"One hundred and thirty men embarked accordingly, under Capt. Underhill and Ensign Van Dyck, in three yachts, and landed the same evening at Greenwich.! But a severe snow storm having set in, detained them at that settlement the whole of the night. The weather,

'Sunday Lines, Manhattan Papers No. 10, by Jan Vogelanger.

tThey probably landed on Greenwich Point, called by tha Indians Mouakewego.

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

I l

however, moderated towards morning, when the party set forward and arrived soon after at the foot of a rocky mountain,* over which some of the men had to crawl, with considerable difficulty, on their hands and feet. The evening, about eight o'clock, brought them to within a few miles of the enemy. Their further progress was, however, now impeded by two rivers, one of which was some two hundred feet wide, and tiiree in depth. It was considered best to remain here awhile, in order to refresh the men, and to make arrangements for the coming attack. After a rest of a couple of hours, the party again set forward at ten o'clock. It was full moon, and the night so clear -- *a winter's day could not be brighter,' -- that the Indian village was soon discovered at a distance. It consisted of three rows of houses or huts, rangec in streets, each eighty paces long, and backed by a mountain which shei • tered it from the north-west wind.

It was considered best to remain here awhile, in order to refresh the men, and to make arrangements for the coming attack. After a rest of a couple of hours, the party again set forward at ten o'clock. It was full moon, and the night so clear -- *a winter's day could not be brighter,' -- that the Indian village was soon discovered at a distance. It consisted of three rows of houses or huts, rangec in streets, each eighty paces long, and backed by a mountain which shei • tered it from the north-west wind.

"But the Indians were as much on the alert as their enemy. They soon discovered the Dutch troops, who charged forthwith, surrounding the camp, sword in hand. The Indians evinced on this occasion, considerable boldness, and made a rush once or twice to break the Dutch line, and open some way for escape. But in this they failed, leaving one dead and twelve prisoners in the hands of the assailants, who now kept up such a brisk fire that it was impossible for any of the besieged to escape. After a desperate conflict of an hour, one hundred and eighty Indians lay dead on the snow outside their dwellings. Not one of the survivors durst now show his face. They remained under cover, discharging their arrows from behind, to the great annoyance of the Dutch troops. Underhill now seeing no other way to overcome the obstinate resistance of the foe, gave orders to fire their huts. The order was forthwith obeyed; the wretched inmates endeavoring in every way to escape from the horrid flames, but mostly without success. The moment they made their appearance, they rushed or were driven precipitately back into their burning hovels, 'preferring to be consumed by fire than to fall by our weapons.'

They remained under cover, discharging their arrows from behind, to the great annoyance of the Dutch troops. Underhill now seeing no other way to overcome the obstinate resistance of the foe, gave orders to fire their huts. The order was forthwith obeyed; the wretched inmates endeavoring in every way to escape from the horrid flames, but mostly without success. The moment they made their appearance, they rushed or were driven precipitately back into their burning hovels, 'preferring to be consumed by fire than to fall by our weapons.'

'Tn this merciless manner were butchered, as some of the Indians afterwards reported, five hundred human beings. Others carry the number to seven hundred; 'the Lord having collected most of our enemies there to celebrate some peculiar festival.'

"Of the whole party, no more than eight men escaped this terrible slaughter by fire and sword. Three of these were badly wounded. Throughout the entire carnage not one of the sufferers -- man, woman, or child -- was heard to utter a shriek or moan.

'Supposed Stony Hills, a mountainous ridge north of Bedford.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

"This expedition having been crowned with complete success, the wounded, fifteen in number, were attended to, and sentinels posted to prevent surprise. Large fires were then kindled, as the weather was still excessively cold, and the conquerors bivouacked during the remainder of the night, on the field of battle. They set out next morning on their return in good order, ' marching with great courage over that harrassing mountain, the Lord enduing the wounded with extraordinary strength.' and arrived at Stamford at noon, after a march of two days and one night, during which they had little repose and less comfort. The English received the soldiers with friendly hospitality, proffering them every possible kindness.

Large fires were then kindled, as the weather was still excessively cold, and the conquerors bivouacked during the remainder of the night, on the field of battle. They set out next morning on their return in good order, ' marching with great courage over that harrassing mountain, the Lord enduing the wounded with extraordinary strength.' and arrived at Stamford at noon, after a march of two days and one night, during which they had little repose and less comfort. The English received the soldiers with friendly hospitality, proffering them every possible kindness. Two days afterwards the detachment arrived at Fort Amsterdam, where a public thanksgiving was ordered for the brilliant success which attended the New Netherland arms.a

"The late punishment (continues the same authority) inflicted upon these Indians, and the approach of Spring, made them desirous of peace, - and they therefore solicited the intervention of Capt. Underhill to procure a cessation of hostilities.

"Mamaranack, chief of the Indians residing on the Kicktawanc, or Croton River, Mongockonone, Pappenoharrow from the Weckquaesqueecks and Nochpeem, and the Wappings from Stamford, presented themselves in a few days (April 6, 1644), at Fort Amsterdam, and having pledged themselves that they should not, henceforth, commit any injury whatever on the inhabitants of New Netherland, their cattle and houses, nor show themselves, except in a canoe, before Fort Amsterdam, should the Dutch be at war with any of the Manhattan tribes, and having further promised to deliver up Pacham, the chief of the Tankitekes, peace was concluded between them and the Dutch, who promised on their part not to molest them in any way, but to allow them to cultivate their fields in peace; and as a guarantee of their sincerity, surrendered several of their prisoners."!

"Mamaranack, chief of the Indians residing on the Kicktawanc, or Croton River, Mongockonone, Pappenoharrow from the Weckquaesqueecks and Nochpeem, and the Wappings from Stamford, presented themselves in a few days (April 6, 1644), at Fort Amsterdam, and having pledged themselves that they should not, henceforth, commit any injury whatever on the inhabitants of New Netherland, their cattle and houses, nor show themselves, except in a canoe, before Fort Amsterdam, should the Dutch be at war with any of the Manhattan tribes, and having further promised to deliver up Pacham, the chief of the Tankitekes, peace was concluded between them and the Dutch, who promised on their part not to molest them in any way, but to allow them to cultivate their fields in peace; and as a guarantee of their sincerity, surrendered several of their prisoners."!

A path like a sheep walk leads up from the site of this memorable battle field to the top of " Indian Hill," which commands a very enviable view, being a wonderful assemblage of mountain, hill, and dale, woodland and water hardly equalled. The prospect is bounded to the south-east and east by the waters of the Sound, and light blue shores of Long Island, whither the Indians of yore carried on their fishing excur- - sions in the Summer season ; to the north and north-west far away for hundreds of miles, extend the Green Mountains, and still nearer to the west the majestic Highlands, bordering on the Hudson, from whence

(n) General Van. N. N.

A path like a sheep walk leads up from the site of this memorable battle field to the top of " Indian Hill," which commands a very enviable view, being a wonderful assemblage of mountain, hill, and dale, woodland and water hardly equalled. The prospect is bounded to the south-east and east by the waters of the Sound, and light blue shores of Long Island, whither the Indians of yore carried on their fishing excur- - sions in the Summer season ; to the north and north-west far away for hundreds of miles, extend the Green Mountains, and still nearer to the west the majestic Highlands, bordering on the Hudson, from whence

(n) General Van. N. N.

(b) O'Callaghau's Hist, of N. N., p. 300-3.

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

came the dreaded Mohawk, above which towers the mighty Dundenburg, in olden times abounding in game which the Indians hunted for pleasure and subsistence, which, together with the beautiful valleys of the Myanos and the Muscoota or Beaver Dam and Cohamong hills, form a noble and extensive outline. The Myanos River (probably so named after the bold and warlike Mayano Sachem of Petuquapaen, killed by the celebrated Captain Daniel Patrick, Patroon of the Manor of Greenwich in 1643)* for three or four miles below the village is bordered by what is called the "River Hills," which are extremely picturesque and romantic; in some places its rocky and wooded banks are almost precipitous, one spot in particular called "Crow Rock," soon after which the landscape expands and the Myanos, released from its narrow bed, widens and continues its course until lost in the " Manunketesuck," or Sound near Cos Cob.

The Myanos River (probably so named after the bold and warlike Mayano Sachem of Petuquapaen, killed by the celebrated Captain Daniel Patrick, Patroon of the Manor of Greenwich in 1643)* for three or four miles below the village is bordered by what is called the "River Hills," which are extremely picturesque and romantic; in some places its rocky and wooded banks are almost precipitous, one spot in particular called "Crow Rock," soon after which the landscape expands and the Myanos, released from its narrow bed, widens and continues its course until lost in the " Manunketesuck," or Sound near Cos Cob.

What had become of the descendants of the warlike Ponus does not appear; but in the year 1680 the "Hop Grounds," which were situated at the north end of the Stamford bounds, belonged to the Sachem Katoonah and other Indians, all which is shown by the following grant, under which it may be truly said the settlement of Bedford was actually begun :

Stamford, ths twenty-third day of December, one thousand, six hundred and eighty.

Witness these presents that we whose names are under written namely Katoonah Rockahway Sepotah Iovis Tomacoppah Kakenand, we doe for orselves our heirs executors administrators and asigns and for and in behalfc of al other proprietors of the land commonly caled the hopp-ground ; we say we doe hereby sel Alinatc asigne and set oner from us or heirs executors Administrators and asignes for ever a certaine parsel of meddow and upland commonly called and known by the hoppground which land lyes at the north end of Stanford hounds : as it is already bounded with markt trees only the west line to be extended: southward til it shall meet with a southwest line drawn from three markt white oaks standing very ncere together at the southeast corner of the s'd land we the above named doe hereby sel Alinate and assigne and set ouer frrm us the land above specifyd with all the rights and privilidges thereunto belonging for euer, unto Richard Ambler Abraham Ambler Joseph Thcal Daniel Weed Eleazer Slawson John Wescot Ionathan Petit iohn Cross iohn Miller Nicholas Webster Richard Ayres William Clark ionas Seeley ioseph Stevens Daniel iones, Thomas Pannoycr, iohn Holms iunr, beniamin Steuens iohn green senr, david waterbury S im weed ionathan kilborn, them their hcires executors administrators asignes for euer quiatly to posese and injoy without molestation by us or ours or any by our means or procurement, moreouer we ye above uien-

Witness these presents that we whose names are under written namely Katoonah Rockahway Sepotah Iovis Tomacoppah Kakenand, we doe for orselves our heirs executors administrators and asigns and for and in behalfc of al other proprietors of the land commonly caled the hopp-ground ; we say we doe hereby sel Alinatc asigne and set oner from us or heirs executors Administrators and asignes for ever a certaine parsel of meddow and upland commonly called and known by the hoppground which land lyes at the north end of Stanford hounds : as it is already bounded with markt trees only the west line to be extended: southward til it shall meet with a southwest line drawn from three markt white oaks standing very ncere together at the southeast corner of the s'd land we the above named doe hereby sel Alinate and assigne and set ouer frrm us the land above specifyd with all the rights and privilidges thereunto belonging for euer, unto Richard Ambler Abraham Ambler Joseph Thcal Daniel Weed Eleazer Slawson John Wescot Ionathan Petit iohn Cross iohn Miller Nicholas Webster Richard Ayres William Clark ionas Seeley ioseph Stevens Daniel iones, Thomas Pannoycr, iohn Holms iunr, beniamin Steuens iohn green senr, david waterbury S im weed ionathan kilborn, them their hcires executors administrators asignes for euer quiatly to posese and injoy without molestation by us or ours or any by our means or procurement, moreouer we ye above uien-

•Patriek was killed by a soldier at Capt. John rnderhill's house In 1644. He married Annctje Van Beyerea, and by her had one sou who afterwards claimed his father's land at Greenwich.

•Patriek was killed by a soldier at Capt. John rnderhill's house In 1644. He married Annctje Van Beyerea, and by her had one sou who afterwards claimed his father's land at Greenwich.

*4

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

tioned Katonah Sepotah iovis Tohmocapph, Pannaps Kakenand dou bargcn and hereby grant full liberty of timber and herbedge for them and theire creatures upon our aineont lands for euer and doe hereby acknowledge to have received full satisfaction for the land above sd' in witness of truth we have caused this bill of sale to be made and hereto set our hands and seals the day and date aboue written ;

Katoonah * mark

signed sealed & deliver rockaway || mark

ed in the presence of ioshua Sepotah 1 mark

Knap David "Water- iovis § his mark

bury taco 0 his mark Tomopoh X mark

poading -- mark Pannaps t mark

Kakenand t mark

The above bill of sale is acknowledged by the grantors the indians by their seueral names i say acknowledged before me.

Rich. Law, Comis'.

Stanford Deeembe 23, 1680.

Stanford 23d. deeembe, 1680.

Then payd unty ye indians specified in this within bill of sale for the purchase as follows

twelve Indian cotes

09-0-0

six blankets

09-0-0

300 gilders wampan

16-0-0

entered upon

two yard red brod cloth

2 5-0

record 26 of

six yard red coton

1-10-0

Peb'e 1694-5

more by expenses

8-01-0

Abraham Amtotal

46-16-10

bler recdr «

This purchase of the "Hop Ground" probably included about 7,700 acres.f

Stanford Deeembe 23, 1680.

Stanford 23d. deeembe, 1680.

Then payd unty ye indians specified in this within bill of sale for the purchase as follows

twelve Indian cotes

09-0-0

six blankets

09-0-0

300 gilders wampan

16-0-0

entered upon

two yard red brod cloth

2 5-0

record 26 of

six yard red coton

1-10-0

Peb'e 1694-5

more by expenses

8-01-0

Abraham Amtotal

46-16-10

bler recdr «

This purchase of the "Hop Ground" probably included about 7,700 acres.f

a First Book of Bedford Rec, p. 129. The original is in the possession of Hon. John Jay of Bedford.

t"Froni an ancient memorandum found in the town record it is sp.pposcdtli.it tins first purchase of the hopgronnd, as it was called from its natural product, included about 7700 acres. The 'cotes,' blankets, 'brod cloth,' 'red coton,' wampum, or current funds of the time, and the somewhat mysterious entry of 'more by expenses, s pounds, 1 shilling,' corresponding perhaps, to the ' contingent expenses' of modern committee-men, only made up the moderate total of 4fi pounds. lt> shillings. But real estate was not high in those days, though

it seems to have 1 n looking no, for it was only in l(i'2i'> that the whole city and county of

New York was sold for twenty-four dollars."-- Address of Jos. Barrett, July 4, 1876. Recorder, Katonah, July 7.

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

The same year the following charges were expended on account of the " Hop Ground" :

The amount of charges expended upon the account of and for ye"hopp ground" in the year 1680

it seems to have 1 n looking no, for it was only in l(i'2i'> that the whole city and county of

New York was sold for twenty-four dollars."-- Address of Jos. Barrett, July 4, 1876. Recorder, Katonah, July 7.

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

The same year the following charges were expended on account of the " Hop Ground" :

The amount of charges expended upon the account of and for ye"hopp ground" in the year 1680

Rich. Ambler Abra. " Jos Thcals Dan. Weed Dan. Wescot Jo. " Jonah Petit Jo. Cross

06-04-00 06-00 00

04- 00-00 06-00-00

05- 00-00 05-00-00 09-00-00 02-06-04

43-10-10

Total is ; ye sum paid purchase as above was Forty shillings each person.

The proportion and how these men paid

Jos. Hunt

Nickolas Webster to (_

Richd Ambler Abra. Ambler to"» Jo Miller > Eli Slason X X David Waterbery

Joseph Theale payd) by Sa Weed J Dan Weed p'ayd by) Thos Parroyer j by Rich Ayres Dan Wescot by) Will Clark | by Jonas Selly 2 lb ) by Tho panoyer 1 lb) Dan Wescol by 1 Ben Stevens J Jonah Pettit payd) by Gren Jos Steveus Kilboru Dan Jones Jo Cross : pd by) Eli Slauson x )

02-00-00 02-00-00

02-00-00

01 -12-06

00- 07-06

02- 00-00

01- 00-00

03- 00-00

02- 00-00

03- 00-00

02 00-00

01- 00-00

02- 00-00 02-00-00 02-00-00

00x07-00

By the following document it appears that the proprietors began their settlement by holding their first meeting at Stamford from whence they all came.

Joseph Theale payd) by Sa Weed J Dan Weed p'ayd by) Thos Parroyer j by Rich Ayres Dan Wescot by) Will Clark | by Jonas Selly 2 lb ) by Tho panoyer 1 lb) Dan Wescol by 1 Ben Stevens J Jonah Pettit payd) by Gren Jos Steveus Kilboru Dan Jones Jo Cross : pd by) Eli Slauson x )

02-00-00 02-00-00

02-00-00

01 -12-06

00- 07-06

02- 00-00

01- 00-00

03- 00-00

02- 00-00

03- 00-00

02 00-00

01- 00-00

02- 00-00 02-00-00 02-00-00

00x07-00

By the following document it appears that the proprietors began their settlement by holding their first meeting at Stamford from whence they all came.

Stamford io March : i6gj.

by vote the proprietors of the "hop grounds" doe chuse and appoynt and fully empower Jos Theale Abra Ambler John Miller Daniel Jones: and John Cross to be theire committee to lay out the town plot both for situation and also to lay out the house lots and one lotment to every proprietor in the field or the East side of the plains: and three of the aforesaid men have full power to act in ye premises and it shall be in the discretion of these men to make each man's lot proportionable; in

1 6 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

quantity 'what it wants in quality it is also agreed by the parsons : above that noe man's house lot shall be less than three acres: but more if the land will allow it: Further it is agreed by the proprietors aforesd that the committee above named shall have full power to lay out or leave a convenient lot in the town plot for the use of the town and also in the field a lot proportionable with the other lots for the use of the town upon the 17th March: ™ the committee above named went and after meausure of Land: and laying out the street they proceeded to lot and the lots were as follows

quantity 'what it wants in quality it is also agreed by the parsons : above that noe man's house lot shall be less than three acres: but more if the land will allow it: Further it is agreed by the proprietors aforesd that the committee above named shall have full power to lay out or leave a convenient lot in the town plot for the use of the town and also in the field a lot proportionable with the other lots for the use of the town upon the 17th March: ™ the committee above named went and after meausure of Land: and laying out the street they proceeded to lot and the lots were as follows

Riard Ambler 16 Abra Ambler 8 Jos Stevens 20 Joseph Theale 5 Daniel Weed 2 1 Elea ; Slauson 13 Joe Wescot 19 Jonah Pettit 22 John Cross 4 John Miller 3 Nicke : Webster 9 Rich : Ayres 14

22: March, 16JJ; the proprietors agree that what the committee had done in laying out ye town plot, and the house lots, shall stand; and the place they reserved for the town common, and the town lot to be as they laid it out, and the meeting house shall be set upon the common so laid out among the rocks called Bates; his Hill.

2: By vote, the proprietors agree to receive John Bates, Nathaniel Cross, proprietors with them, they enjoying a full proportion of charges with which that is part, and what shall be further expended upon the said land, and they to hold their house lots and their field lots, after those that were already granted to be laid out.

22: March, 16JJ; the proprietors agree that what the committee had done in laying out ye town plot, and the house lots, shall stand; and the place they reserved for the town common, and the town lot to be as they laid it out, and the meeting house shall be set upon the common so laid out among the rocks called Bates; his Hill.

2: By vote, the proprietors agree to receive John Bates, Nathaniel Cross, proprietors with them, they enjoying a full proportion of charges with which that is part, and what shall be further expended upon the said land, and they to hold their house lots and their field lots, after those that were already granted to be laid out.

3. By vote the proprietors agree it shall not be in the power of any proprietor to sell, exchange or any other way alynate his propriaty in the said hop grounds without the approbation and consent of the maine part of the proprietors ; upon the penalty of forfeiting his right to ye said proprietors:

4ly. By vote the proprietors doe chuse, apoynt and fulley impower Joseph Heals, Abraham Ambler, John Bates, John Miller and John Cross as theire committee to lay out all their plaines and meadows, westward and eastward of the town plot already layd out; and on other lands and meadows they see convenyant; unto the propriators now in being; the comity to order the said lands; in laving it out according to their discresion.

By vote the proprietors agree it shall not be in the power of any proprietor to sell, exchange or any other way alynate his propriaty in the said hop grounds without the approbation and consent of the maine part of the proprietors ; upon the penalty of forfeiting his right to ye said proprietors:

4ly. By vote the proprietors doe chuse, apoynt and fulley impower Joseph Heals, Abraham Ambler, John Bates, John Miller and John Cross as theire committee to lay out all their plaines and meadows, westward and eastward of the town plot already layd out; and on other lands and meadows they see convenyant; unto the propriators now in being; the comity to order the said lands; in laving it out according to their discresion.

5ly. By vote the proprietors agree that David Waterbury shall have liberty to rune his homlot fence to the rock, commonly called Bates his

Will Clark 18 Jonas Sely 17 Da Jones 20 Thos Panoyer 12 Ben Stevens 11 Jo Homes 15 Jo Green 1 David Waterbury 10 Sa Weed 7 Jonah Kilborn 2

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

'7

Hill, and shall have ye use of the town land between his lot and the said Hill provided the said David: always maintaine A good gate or bars and liberty is reserved for the town to fetch stones or other nesesaries out of the said town land reserved.

Ye same March: '8i. the committee apoynted work of

laying out the field land and meadow and after. -- of ye land and laying the cart-ways they cast lots first for the east field: 2ly. for ye meadows: 3ly. for the plains and the lots being solemnly drawn were as follows :

Hill, and shall have ye use of the town land between his lot and the said Hill provided the said David: always maintaine A good gate or bars and liberty is reserved for the town to fetch stones or other nesesaries out of the said town land reserved.

Ye same March: '8i. the committee apoynted work of

laying out the field land and meadow and after. -- of ye land and laying the cart-ways they cast lots first for the east field: 2ly. for ye meadows: 3ly. for the plains and the lots being solemnly drawn were as follows :

Field lots :

Meadows :

plains

Rich: Ambler

Abra Arable.,

Jos. Theals,

Dan. weed,

Elea: wescot,

Jo- wescot,

Jonah: Pettit,

John cross,

John Miller,

Nicke: Webster.

Rich. Ayres,

Jonas Seely,

Jos. Stevens,

Dan: Jones,

Tho: Panoyr,

Jo- Stones,

Ben. Stevens,

Jo- Green,

Dauid AVaterbury,

Sa- Weed,

Jonh. Kilborn,

Jonn Bates,

Natha: Cross,

The first official notice or recognition of the settlement of the town appears to be the following grant from the General Court of Connecticut Colony, at Hartford in 1681.

" At a general court held at Hartford May 12, 1681.

This court being moved to grant liberty to erect a platform upon the hoppground & ancient lands about Twelve miles to ye northwards of Stamford doe grant their request & appoynt Captain Richard Olmstead, Lieut Jonath Bell Lieut

i8

HISTORY OF THE COUNTX OF WESTCHESTER.

Jonathan Lockwood and Mr. Joseph Theal to be a committee to entertain such persons as shall plant there & to manage, order & dispose of ye allays of that plantation according to their best skill as may best aduance ye wellfar and groth of ye said plantation & they ear tacke care yt there be sutable loot laid out for the first minister of ye place & a loot for ye ministry to be and belong to ye ministry forever.

Joseph Theal to be a committee to entertain such persons as shall plant there & to manage, order & dispose of ye allays of that plantation according to their best skill as may best aduance ye wellfar and groth of ye said plantation & they ear tacke care yt there be sutable loot laid out for the first minister of ye place & a loot for ye ministry to be and belong to ye ministry forever. This is a trew coppy tacken out oi the Records of Harford.

Vera Copia

Tlartfrd Test. Eleazar Kimberly

Janry 21st, 1G9G. , Secretary."*

Upon the nth of October, 1681, the proprietors of the Hop ground agreed that no one might be admitted as an inhabitant, nor should have power to sell or exchange the land that might be allotted to him, nor should he have any voice in disposing of lands, but that any inhabitant on paying forty shillings should have an equal share with the proprietors in all the undivided land. "The settlers seem to have feared the ac- . cumulation of large tracts of land in the hands of single individuals. Hence, each man had a home lot of three acres which was to be forfeited if not built on in three years in the town, and a lot in the ' east field' or the great 'north plain,' and also some 'meadow land.'"'1 " In December, 1681, Samuel Barrett, Taebariah Roberts and Thomas Carfield commenced to inhabit only.J This man Roberts was chosen town clerk, afterwards Justice of the Peace and for many years prominent in nearly all the affairs of the town."§ He was also a bitter opponent of the Church of England as we shall have occasion to show presently.

Hence, each man had a home lot of three acres which was to be forfeited if not built on in three years in the town, and a lot in the ' east field' or the great 'north plain,' and also some 'meadow land.'"'1 " In December, 1681, Samuel Barrett, Taebariah Roberts and Thomas Carfield commenced to inhabit only.J This man Roberts was chosen town clerk, afterwards Justice of the Peace and for many years prominent in nearly all the affairs of the town."§ He was also a bitter opponent of the Church of England as we shall have occasion to show presently.

"In December, 1681, Joshua Webb is received as Inhabitant, in case they shall agree with him to build a grist mill in ye place." "A committee was appointed to confer with Joshua Webb, and a mill and a dam were built by him and the town jointly, he to furnish the iron work and the town to cart and furnish the timber and mill-stones," and the mill when finished is to be the sd Joshua Webb's, his proper right and tytle, only he is not at any time to sell, alienate or any other ways dispose of ye said mill; except it be to him or them that the town shall appoint and the said Joshua doth binde himself; and his; to finde the town at hop-ground with good meale, they finding good corne; the tole as in the law expressed." ||

* Address of Joseph Barrett July 4th, 1TT6, copied from the original document preserved among the old papers of John Holmes are of the original pioneers, now in possession of John C. Holmes, Esq., of Cross River, Lewisboro.

"In December, 1681, Joshua Webb is received as Inhabitant, in case they shall agree with him to build a grist mill in ye place." "A committee was appointed to confer with Joshua Webb, and a mill and a dam were built by him and the town jointly, he to furnish the iron work and the town to cart and furnish the timber and mill-stones," and the mill when finished is to be the sd Joshua Webb's, his proper right and tytle, only he is not at any time to sell, alienate or any other ways dispose of ye said mill; except it be to him or them that the town shall appoint and the said Joshua doth binde himself; and his; to finde the town at hop-ground with good meale, they finding good corne; the tole as in the law expressed." ||

* Address of Joseph Barrett July 4th, 1TT6, copied from the original document preserved among the old papers of John Holmes are of the original pioneers, now in possession of John C. Holmes, Esq., of Cross River, Lewisboro.

a Address of Joseph Barrett, July 4, 1ST6. Recorder, Katonah, July "th.

iThe following will serve as a sample of the vote by which new settlers were received into the colony. The date is " December 1681. Th.'y give unto William Stnrdeuant upon his acceptance and submitting to their order of reselling Inhabitants : they give him a house lott containing three Accres, and six Accres of land in the east feild : and three accres of meadow : he paving twenty shillings to ye company and to take twenty rod of fence in ye conian Held for eu'er."'-- Address of Joseph Barrett.

iThe following will serve as a sample of the vote by which new settlers were received into the colony. The date is " December 1681. Th.'y give unto William Stnrdeuant upon his acceptance and submitting to their order of reselling Inhabitants : they give him a house lott containing three Accres, and six Accres of land in the east feild : and three accres of meadow : he paving twenty shillings to ye company and to take twenty rod of fence in ye conian Held for eu'er."'-- Address of Joseph Barrett.

{Address of Joseph Barrett, July 4, 1S76.-- The Recorder, Win. A. Miller and J. T. Lockwood editors, &c.

II Ditto.

THE TOWN OK BEDFORD.

*9

" This mill stood on Myanos road about a quarter of a mile, or less above where James Miller's mill now stands. In 1701 the town "doth agree to buy " the mill of Richard Webb, son of Joshua, for the use of the town, for the sum of fifteen pounds. Another mill seems to have become necessary at this time, for in November 1701, "the town by a maigor vote doth agree that their corn mill shall be set upon beucr dam Riuerat the first conueniant place below davids broock: and that there shall be thirty acres of land laved out to the mill and to lye to it foreuer that the lawful oners of the mill shall enjoy the said thirty acres of land foreuer, not else." And very stringent "artickells of agreement" were entered into with John Dibell to build the mill, he is in the former case to "fmde the town with good sofisiant meall, they finding good sofisiant come" and he to have both mill and "thirty acres of land" foreuer. This was on the site where Cox's mill now stands.

Another mill seems to have become necessary at this time, for in November 1701, "the town by a maigor vote doth agree that their corn mill shall be set upon beucr dam Riuerat the first conueniant place below davids broock: and that there shall be thirty acres of land laved out to the mill and to lye to it foreuer that the lawful oners of the mill shall enjoy the said thirty acres of land foreuer, not else." And very stringent "artickells of agreement" were entered into with John Dibell to build the mill, he is in the former case to "fmde the town with good sofisiant meall, they finding good sofisiant come" and he to have both mill and "thirty acres of land" foreuer. This was on the site where Cox's mill now stands.

There is some reason for believing that this was the old mill removed to the new site. In October 1703, a little special legislation for the miller became necessary. "The town by maigor vote agreeth and ordereth that every numday shall be the day for the miller to attend to grind for the town and what come or grain is brought to the mill to be ground within the 24 hours what is not ground within ye time aforesaid the miller is to attend to grind it next day."*

At a court of election holden in Hartford, May nth, 1682, the following license was granted to the people of the Hop ground :

" Upon the petition of the people of the Hop ground, this court doth grant them the privilege of a plantation and do order that the name of the town be henceforth called Bedford, and this court doe appoint Joseph Theall to be the present chief military officer for the train band of Bedford, and Abraham Ambler is also empowered by this court to grant warrants, to swear officers and witnesses, and to joyne persons in marriage according to law, and they doe free the sayd towne of Bedford from county rates, for the space of three years next ensuing. 6

" Upon the petition of the people of the Hop ground, this court doth grant them the privilege of a plantation and do order that the name of the town be henceforth called Bedford, and this court doe appoint Joseph Theall to be the present chief military officer for the train band of Bedford, and Abraham Ambler is also empowered by this court to grant warrants, to swear officers and witnesses, and to joyne persons in marriage according to law, and they doe free the sayd towne of Bedford from county rates, for the space of three years next ensuing. 6

In 1683, Catoonah Sagamore and other Indians, convey to the proprietors of Bedford the land and meadow of Kohamong, lying Southwest of the " Hop ground."

INDIAN DEED.

Witness these present that we Katoonah, Saggarnore and Papiag his son Tadaquid, Queranoy and Chickhoag, we proprietors of the land and middow at Koamong have for ourselves and for the rest of ye Indians which are proprietors of the said land and middow at Koamong Commonly so-called have sold and by these presents doe sell, alienate, assign and set over from us and every one of us, and in the name and behalf of the rest of the proprietors of ye land and middow at Koamong and all our heirs executors, administrators and assigns forever unto the proprietors of the town of Bedford, in the colony of

•Address of Joseph Barrett, July 4, 1876. Copied from the Recorder, Katonah, July Ttn. b. Cour. Col. Kec. Hartford vol. ill., fol. 131--134.

Witness these present that we Katoonah, Saggarnore and Papiag his son Tadaquid, Queranoy and Chickhoag, we proprietors of the land and middow at Koamong have for ourselves and for the rest of ye Indians which are proprietors of the said land and middow at Koamong Commonly so-called have sold and by these presents doe sell, alienate, assign and set over from us and every one of us, and in the name and behalf of the rest of the proprietors of ye land and middow at Koamong and all our heirs executors, administrators and assigns forever unto the proprietors of the town of Bedford, in the colony of

•Address of Joseph Barrett, July 4, 1876. Copied from the Recorder, Katonah, July Ttn. b. Cour. Col. Kec. Hartford vol. ill., fol. 131--134.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Conecticot, them, their heirs, executors, Administrators and assigns for ever, A certain parsell of upland and middow as it is already marked by us Katoonah. Sagganiore and Papiag, his son tangaquid, queraway and chickhoag unto ye proprietors of Bedford and theirs, which land and middow lj-cs at the Southwest of the bounds of the said proprietors of Bedford, bought of ye Indians as appears by a former bill of sale, this above land and middow, with all the rights, title and priviledges thereof, wee doe make over from us and ours and from all those claiming right and title and theirs.

for ouer unto the forenamed propriators of Bedford and doe acknowledge to have received full satisfaction for the said land and middow from the propriators of the town of Bedford and doe promise and engadge that the propriators of Bedford shall quietly poses and enjoy the same land and middow without molestationby us or any of ours for euer, as witnes our hands in Bedford the second day of may, one thousand six hundred eighty and three: thus under written : --

for ouer unto the forenamed propriators of Bedford and doe acknowledge to have received full satisfaction for the said land and middow from the propriators of the town of Bedford and doe promise and engadge that the propriators of Bedford shall quietly poses and enjoy the same land and middow without molestationby us or any of ours for euer, as witnes our hands in Bedford the second day of may, one thousand six hundred eighty and three: thus under written : --

This bill of sale signed and delivered) . His

in the presence of us. > KATO O NAH.

JOHN GREEN, mark- JOHN BATES, His NICHOLAS WEBSTER, PA P PIAG.

mark.

His

TANDAO QUID.

marke

His

QTERA Eh NOT. mark.

His

CHICK X HEAGO, mark.

This above bill of sale is acknowledged by the grantors, each of them before me.

Bedford, the 2d day of) ABRAHAM AMBLER,

May, 1683. > Comisiouated.

This bill of seall is entred in the publick records of Bedford ; p : 115.

By me, ZACHARIAH ROBERTS, Recorder.

May 1st, 1702.

By the settlement of the colonial boundaries, November, 1664, Bedford fell within the jurisdiction of Connecticut, the line between the two colonies commencing from the east point of Mamaroneck River, where the fresh water falls into the salt at high water mark, north northwest to the line of Massachusetts. On the ground that this decision was erroneous, a further agreement was concluded at New York, 2Sth of October, 1683, between the governor of Connecticut and certain persons appointed to act with him, by which it was stipulated that the line between New York and Connecticut should begin at Byram River,

By the settlement of the colonial boundaries, November, 1664, Bedford fell within the jurisdiction of Connecticut, the line between the two colonies commencing from the east point of Mamaroneck River, where the fresh water falls into the salt at high water mark, north northwest to the line of Massachusetts. On the ground that this decision was erroneous, a further agreement was concluded at New York, 2Sth of October, 1683, between the governor of Connecticut and certain persons appointed to act with him, by which it was stipulated that the line between New York and Connecticut should begin at Byram River,

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

at the east point, called Lyon's Point, and so up along the said river to the country road, west eight miles from Lyon's Point, and then twelve miles east north-eastward, thence in a line parallel to the North River and twenty miles distant therefrom, to the south line of Massachusetts- The whole matter being left subject to the King's ratification. By this settlement Bedford would have been transferred to New York, but the King's death unfortunately took place on the 6th of February, 1685, before its completion, in consequence of which the whole matter was again left open for a long and angry discussion which soon ensued.

In 1685, the General Court of Connecticut issued an order to the effect that all towns should take out patents, in due form, and that there should be legal evidence of their rights. In " lenwary 1687-S » there were 18 men at a town meeting who voted "that every one here present at the town meeting shall have a pees of land containing four akers added unto their former dividends for theyr faithfulness at the attending of towne meetings." Before the 28th of January, 1688, the Town ordered that as much money should be raised as may be necessary to pay for a patent.

In 1685, the General Court of Connecticut issued an order to the effect that all towns should take out patents, in due form, and that there should be legal evidence of their rights. In " lenwary 1687-S » there were 18 men at a town meeting who voted "that every one here present at the town meeting shall have a pees of land containing four akers added unto their former dividends for theyr faithfulness at the attending of towne meetings." Before the 28th of January, 1688, the Town ordered that as much money should be raised as may be necessary to pay for a patent. The annual meeting in March, 1690, chose a "dark, two sezars," (assessors) two fence "vewars," and two "souairs," (surveyors). In 1691 they made " chois of Daniell Simkings for head man for ye town of Bedford, to end any contravercy between indians and inglish accrding to the best of his skill." In 1693 the "round swamp on the south sid of Aspicung " was given to David Clason, for his four acres of "burnory land."

The names of the inhabitants, including the resident proprietors of Bedford in 1692, number thirty-one, and were as follows:

John Grum, N. Miran Clark,

Joseph Miller, John Holmes, Sr.,

Joun Holmes, Richard Ayres,

John Miller, John Holmes, Jr.,

Mrs. Wildman, Abraham Wildman,

Mr. Dunham. Isaac Dunham,

Zachariah Roberts, Jeremiah Andrews,

John Webb, Richard Wescote,

Stephen Clason, Daniel Simpkins,

Stephen Holmes, William Clark,

Abraham Ambler, John Brown,

John Miller, Jr., Jonathan Miller,

In 1691 they made " chois of Daniell Simkings for head man for ye town of Bedford, to end any contravercy between indians and inglish accrding to the best of his skill." In 1693 the "round swamp on the south sid of Aspicung " was given to David Clason, for his four acres of "burnory land."

The names of the inhabitants, including the resident proprietors of Bedford in 1692, number thirty-one, and were as follows:

John Grum, N. Miran Clark,

Joseph Miller, John Holmes, Sr.,

Joun Holmes, Richard Ayres,

John Miller, John Holmes, Jr.,

Mrs. Wildman, Abraham Wildman,

Mr. Dunham. Isaac Dunham,

Zachariah Roberts, Jeremiah Andrews,

John Webb, Richard Wescote,

Stephen Clason, Daniel Simpkins,

Stephen Holmes, William Clark,

Abraham Ambler, John Brown,

John Miller, Jr., Jonathan Miller,

John Ambler, David Mead,

Daniel Jones, Caleb Webb,

Thomas Astor, David Clason, John Higgins.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Upon. the 25th May, 1692, Catonah, Noname, Wappomofiam, Wenenanopoage, Chickheog and Pommeshecon, sell to Daniel Simpkins, of Bedford, a certain piece of land lying west of the bounds of Bedford, to say half a mile square, as it is already marked and laid out by the Indians, and bounded as followeth, viz.: East by the bounds of Bedford, and south by a brook coming off from the west ridge, and west and north as it is marked by the aforesaid proprietors.

His

CATO X NAH. mark.

Witnessed and delivered in ) His

the presence of us. j PUMMESEo CHAM.

STEPHEN HOLMES, and mark. JOHN BROWN. His

Upon. the 25th May, 1692, Catonah, Noname, Wappomofiam, Wenenanopoage, Chickheog and Pommeshecon, sell to Daniel Simpkins, of Bedford, a certain piece of land lying west of the bounds of Bedford, to say half a mile square, as it is already marked and laid out by the Indians, and bounded as followeth, viz.: East by the bounds of Bedford, and south by a brook coming off from the west ridge, and west and north as it is marked by the aforesaid proprietors.

His

CATO X NAH. mark.

Witnessed and delivered in ) His

the presence of us. j PUMMESEo CHAM.

STEPHEN HOLMES, and mark. JOHN BROWN. His

NO < NAME, mark. His

WEMEWANA g POGE.

mark. His

CHUCK *SHEAG. mark.

•Bedford Town Rec. vol. ; p. S39.

In 1692 we find the proprietors of Bedford treating with Connecticut for a general patent for their township. The general Court however did not choose to grant their request until five years after, as we shall have occasion to show presently -- again in 1692 at the October session of the general Court Mr. Underhill of Rye and Zachary Roberts of Bedford; were in attendance and the Court granted them an allowance for their expenses in coming; to be payd at Stanford out of the county rate."

February 10th, 1695, the town ordered that the rates shall be issued according to the following valuations, viz:6

Each head or person - - £12 0 0

"Ox, - - - - - 4 0 0 " Cow, - - - 3 0 0

Underhill of Rye and Zachary Roberts of Bedford; were in attendance and the Court granted them an allowance for their expenses in coming; to be payd at Stanford out of the county rate."

February 10th, 1695, the town ordered that the rates shall be issued according to the following valuations, viz:6

Each head or person - - £12 0 0

"Ox, - - - - - 4 0 0 " Cow, - - - 3 0 0

" Horse, - - - - - 2 0 0 All improved lands. - - - 0 15 0

All improved meadow with fence, - 0 10 0

In March, 1695-6, we find Governor Fletcher of New York, writing to Governor Treat concerning sundry persons in Rye and Bedford who desired to have their land titles confirmed."

a Public Rce. of Conn. Vol. iv, p S3. 6 Bedford Town Rec.

c Boundary letters, Hartford, fol. 10, letter 137.

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD. 23

At a meeting of ye governor and council, held at Hartford, January 19th, 1696, protection was granted to the towns of Rye and Bedford, as members of their corporation; and on the 10th of May following, Daniel Simpkins was appointed ensign for the latter town. January 21st, 1696-7, Rye and Bedford applied to be united to Connecticut, upon which that colony concluded to receive them."

In a letter from Governor Fletcher, to the authorities of Connecticut, dated April 5th, 1697, the former-complains about the lattcr's receiving Rye and Bedford, and thus withdrawing them from the obedience of New York.''

At a meeting of ye governor and council, held at Hartford, January 19th, 1696, protection was granted to the towns of Rye and Bedford, as members of their corporation; and on the 10th of May following, Daniel Simpkins was appointed ensign for the latter town. January 21st, 1696-7, Rye and Bedford applied to be united to Connecticut, upon which that colony concluded to receive them."

In a letter from Governor Fletcher, to the authorities of Connecticut, dated April 5th, 1697, the former-complains about the lattcr's receiving Rye and Bedford, and thus withdrawing them from the obedience of New York.''

To compel the refractory towns into obedience, Governor Fletcher issued a proclamation upon April 15th, 1697, in which he required Rye and Bedford to return to their allegiance. c

April 19th, 1697, Governor Fletcher states that Major Sellick had interfered in favor of Connecticut, with fifty armed men."*

In reply 30th of April, 1697, Connecticut disclaims the use of violent measures, and refers the whole matter to the King.

Governor Fletcher and council, in answer to Connecticut, May 10th, 1697, entitles the reasons of the latter subtcrfugees, and complains of her making a disturbance in time of war. In conclusion, Connecticut may rest assured that New York will use all lawful means to reduce the people to obedience.6

From the following document it appears that in 1696/ the action of the Council of Connecticut was favorable towards the inhabitants of Bedford in granting these requests, and that, that action was approved by the general court in May, 1697 :

Governor Fletcher and council, in answer to Connecticut, May 10th, 1697, entitles the reasons of the latter subtcrfugees, and complains of her making a disturbance in time of war. In conclusion, Connecticut may rest assured that New York will use all lawful means to reduce the people to obedience.6

From the following document it appears that in 1696/ the action of the Council of Connecticut was favorable towards the inhabitants of Bedford in granting these requests, and that, that action was approved by the general court in May, 1697 :

May, 1)597.

To the Honr'' Governr and GenrU Assembly sitting in Hartford.

Whereas God by his providence orders all things : Att a General Court held in Hartford May the 11th, 16S2, upon the petition of the people of Hopground the Court did see cause to grant them the priviledg of a plantation as doth upon record appear -- And in the year 16S4, there was a conditional agreement made between Colon" Dougan of New York and some of the heads of the freemen of this Corporation which proved almost our undoing for severall years together th^re was almost a c among us, because they cutt off Rye and Bedford from

this Colonic Some said they were under New York, and some said they were not, but for peace sake we submitted to, and paid rates to New York-- But if so be that Connecticut and New York could have made a firme bargain without

a Bound, letters, fol.10, p. 138. b Bound, letters, 140. c Bouud. letters, 141. , d Bound, letters, 141-2.

Whereas God by his providence orders all things : Att a General Court held in Hartford May the 11th, 16S2, upon the petition of the people of Hopground the Court did see cause to grant them the priviledg of a plantation as doth upon record appear -- And in the year 16S4, there was a conditional agreement made between Colon" Dougan of New York and some of the heads of the freemen of this Corporation which proved almost our undoing for severall years together th^re was almost a c among us, because they cutt off Rye and Bedford from

this Colonic Some said they were under New York, and some said they were not, but for peace sake we submitted to, and paid rates to New York-- But if so be that Connecticut and New York could have made a firme bargain without

a Bound, letters, fol.10, p. 138. b Bound, letters, 140. c Bouud. letters, 141. , d Bound, letters, 141-2.

e Bouud. letters, No. 144. Bound, letters, 145. / Printed Col lice, of Conn., Vol. It, p. 192.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

the King, then wt should have been at quiet, but them that know any thing know that it could not be. Then seing a copie that came from the Kings court at Whitehall, dated Aprill the 19th, 1694, and the records of England being searched, it was found that the Charter of Coimecticutt stood good and firme to the freemen of this Corporation, their heirs and associates, which we well knew that we were part of by the dividing line that was firmly confirmed to this government, then Janr>' the last petitioning the Governr and Councill for protection they granted our request as may appear to this Assembly, therefore we request for what favour we cau have from the Honrl Court at this time for our growth and increase, as we may be beneficiall to the honour of God and the good of the country.

Then seing a copie that came from the Kings court at Whitehall, dated Aprill the 19th, 1694, and the records of England being searched, it was found that the Charter of Coimecticutt stood good and firme to the freemen of this Corporation, their heirs and associates, which we well knew that we were part of by the dividing line that was firmly confirmed to this government, then Janr>' the last petitioning the Governr and Councill for protection they granted our request as may appear to this Assembly, therefore we request for what favour we cau have from the Honrl Court at this time for our growth and increase, as we may be beneficiall to the honour of God and the good of the country. Written in behalf of and upon the request of the inhabitants of Bedford. Your most Humble Servant

Zachakiah Kobekts.*

The following memorandum of the quantity of land in each purchase -- was found in a blank leaf of a book of laws and orders of Connecticut Colony (or MS.) 1697.

Farthing, Acres, Qurt. Rents.

• old Purchase, 18415, 7693, 19, 3, 7-3.

New " 14376, 5990, 14, 19. 6.

N. W. Corner, 6865, 2.S65, 7, 3, 8-1.

N. E. " 4266£, 1736, 4, 8. 10. 2.

Vincent & Dibble, 4266i, 1736, 4, 8. 10. 2.

Upon the 1st of May, 1697, the town petitioned for a patent embracing ten miles in length, from the north end of Stamford bounds to ten miles northward into the woods and eight miles wide. The petition was granted on the 21st of May, and the following patent issued.

N. W. Corner, 6865, 2.S65, 7, 3, 8-1.

N. E. " 4266£, 1736, 4, 8. 10. 2.

Vincent & Dibble, 4266i, 1736, 4, 8. 10. 2.

Upon the 1st of May, 1697, the town petitioned for a patent embracing ten miles in length, from the north end of Stamford bounds to ten miles northward into the woods and eight miles wide. The petition was granted on the 21st of May, and the following patent issued.

BEDFORD PATTENT.

Whereas, the General Court of Connecticott Colony Assembled May 13th, 1697, hath granted unto the proprietters Inhabitants of the Towne of Bedford al thoss Lands boath Meadows, Swamps and uplands within these abuttments viz. Southerly on the bounds of the Townshipp of Stanford. Westerly on the Wilderness. Northerly on the Wilderness, and Easterly on the Wilderness or Laud not layd out. Every of which sides is Six Miles in Length to witt. from the East side Westerly and from the South Side Northerly and is a Townshipp of six miles Square or Six miles on Every Side, which sJ Lands have been by purchass or Otherwise, Lawfully Obtayncd of the Indian Native proprieters and whereas the afoars'1 Proprietors Inhabitants of the Towne of Bedford have Humbly desired of the GovI,r and Company assembled in Court May 13, 1697, as afoars1 that they may have a Pattent for the Confeirmatiou of the afoars1 Lands so purchased and Granted to them and which they have stood Seized and Quietly Possessed of for many years Last past without interruption.

Every of which sides is Six Miles in Length to witt. from the East side Westerly and from the South Side Northerly and is a Townshipp of six miles Square or Six miles on Every Side, which sJ Lands have been by purchass or Otherwise, Lawfully Obtayncd of the Indian Native proprieters and whereas the afoars'1 Proprietors Inhabitants of the Towne of Bedford have Humbly desired of the GovI,r and Company assembled in Court May 13, 1697, as afoars1 that they may have a Pattent for the Confeirmatiou of the afoars1 Lands so purchased and Granted to them and which they have stood Seized and Quietly Possessed of for many years Last past without interruption.

Now for a more full Confeirmatiou of the afoars 1 Track of Land as it is butted

a Kindly famished by Charles J. Hadley, Esq., Conn. State library, Hartford. Presented by Hou. liobu C. \\ iuthrop.

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD. 25

and bownded afoaresaid unto the present proprietors of the said Township of Bedford in their possession and Injoyment of the premises Know Yee that the said Governour and Company Assembled in Gen1 Court according to the Commission Grauutcd them by his Maj's,y Charter. Have Given Granted & do by these presents Give Grant Rattifie and Coufcirme unto Jno. Miller Senr Danie Simkins Zachariah Robbert, Cornelius Seely Jeremiah Andrews Jno. Westcoate Jno. Miller Junr Jno. Holmes Jun' and the rest of the present proprietors of the Township of Bedford, their Heires and Successors Associates Assigns for Ever the afoares1 Parcell or tract of Land of Six miles Square Containing aboute Twenty and three Thousand acres within the boundaries above mentioned together with all the Woods Meadows Pastures Ponds Waters Rivers Planes Fishings Huntings fowlings Mines Mineralls Quarries and precious stones upon or within the said Graunt of lands and all other Proffltts and Comodities thereunto belonging or in any ways Appurteineing and doe also graunt unto the aforesJ Jno, Miller Dan 'Simkins Zach.

Holmes Jun' and the rest of the present proprietors of the Township of Bedford, their Heires and Successors Associates Assigns for Ever the afoares1 Parcell or tract of Land of Six miles Square Containing aboute Twenty and three Thousand acres within the boundaries above mentioned together with all the Woods Meadows Pastures Ponds Waters Rivers Planes Fishings Huntings fowlings Mines Mineralls Quarries and precious stones upon or within the said Graunt of lands and all other Proffltts and Comodities thereunto belonging or in any ways Appurteineing and doe also graunt unto the aforesJ Jno, Miller Dan 'Simkins Zach. Roberts Cornelus Seely Jerr. Andrass Jno. Westcoate Jno. Miller Jno. Holmes and the Rest of the proprietors Inhabitants of Bedford their Heirs Successors and assignes for Ever that the af ores'1 Tract of Land shall be for Ever hereafter Es'med, reputed bee an Iutire Townshipp of it selfe to have and to Hold the said Tract of Lands and premises with all and singular their appurtenances with the privillidgesand Immunetyes Franchizes & nuaditamuts herein Given and Granted unto the said Jno Miller, Danl. Simkins, Zach. Robberds, Cornelius Seedy, Jerr. Andrews, Jno. Westcoate, Jno. Miller Junr Jno. Holmes and all others the Proprietors, Inhabitants, of Bedford, their Heirs and Successors and to the only propperusebenefittand behoofe of them and every of them their Heirs .Assigns Successors and and Associates for Ever According to the Tenour of his Majestie's Manner of East Greenwich in the County of Kent in the Kingdom of England in Free and Common Lonage and not in Cappita nor by Knights Service yeilding therefore and paying to our Sovereigne Lord the King his Heires & Successors his dues according to Charter. Always provided that nothing herein contained shall extend to, or be understood or taken to Impeach or prejudice any Right, Title, Interest, Claime or Demands which any person or persons hath or have or Claime to have of into or out of any part of the said Townshippe seittuatcd within the Limitts above mentioned according to the Laws and General Customs of this Colony but that all and Every Such person and persons may and shall have, hold and Injoy the same in such manner as if these presents had not been had or made.

Always provided that nothing herein contained shall extend to, or be understood or taken to Impeach or prejudice any Right, Title, Interest, Claime or Demands which any person or persons hath or have or Claime to have of into or out of any part of the said Townshippe seittuatcd within the Limitts above mentioned according to the Laws and General Customs of this Colony but that all and Every Such person and persons may and shall have, hold and Injoy the same in such manner as if these presents had not been had or made. In Witness whereof we have caused the seale of the Colony to be Hereunto Alhxed this one & Twentieth day of May in the year of our Lord One Thousand Six Hundred Ninety aud Seaven and in the 9th year of the Reigne of our Sovereign Lord William by the Grace of God and England Scottland, France and Ireland, King Fidei Defender &c. Bo order of the Gov"r ROBERT TREATE, Governor.

Eleazer Kimbekly, Secretary,

The above written with that or the other side is a true Copy of the Original being therewith Compared this 2d day of May, 1697.

Pr Me. E. K a

a Ancient Col. Rec. Conn. Deeds Ac,, Vol. 11, pp. 254, 255.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

From the town records it appears that in 1697, Zachariah Roberts'1 was allowed by the town, three shillings a day, and half his expenses, and the town further ordered that every man should pay him two pounds of flax for his expenses in going to Connecticut about the said patent.

The above written with that or the other side is a true Copy of the Original being therewith Compared this 2d day of May, 1697.

Pr Me. E. K a

a Ancient Col. Rec. Conn. Deeds Ac,, Vol. 11, pp. 254, 255.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

From the town records it appears that in 1697, Zachariah Roberts'1 was allowed by the town, three shillings a day, and half his expenses, and the town further ordered that every man should pay him two pounds of flax for his expenses in going to Connecticut about the said patent.

In answer to Governor Fletcher's letter of May the 10th, the Governor and general assembly of Connecticut reply May 19th, 1697, that they consider the arguments of New York weak and unsatisfactory, and are therefore, determined to protect these people. 1

May the 31st, 1697, Governor Fletcher and council find just fault with Connecticut for using "such a stile," and assert that Connecticut gave up these towns by arrangement, in 1683, and made no claim to them for twelve years or more, New York is therefore determined to pursue her duty."

Governor Fletcher addressing the Lords of Trade, the same year, says : --

" Some time before I came down from Albany, two small towns of Rye and Bedford in West Chester County that ly next to Connecticut being much in arrearyes of taxes have revolted to Connecticut who countenance them notwithstanding I found there at my arrival part of this province, and so have continued till now, which is contrary to a stipulation made between the Collony and Coll. Dougan An" 1683 under the hands and seals of their Gov"r and assistants: I am loath to make warr upon any of His Majesties subjects and therefore lay this matter before your Lordships: They have invaded us with a CaptQ and fifty men armed with Fuzees on Horseback, to disturb the election of a representative, pursuant to the King's writt at the town of Rye.

" Some time before I came down from Albany, two small towns of Rye and Bedford in West Chester County that ly next to Connecticut being much in arrearyes of taxes have revolted to Connecticut who countenance them notwithstanding I found there at my arrival part of this province, and so have continued till now, which is contrary to a stipulation made between the Collony and Coll. Dougan An" 1683 under the hands and seals of their Gov"r and assistants: I am loath to make warr upon any of His Majesties subjects and therefore lay this matter before your Lordships: They have invaded us with a CaptQ and fifty men armed with Fuzees on Horseback, to disturb the election of a representative, pursuant to the King's writt at the town of Rye. I never found them so fonvard to give assistance to albany, upon the approach of the enemy, notwithstanding my frequent application & the Royal Commands, that did oblige their obedience." (New York, Col. M.S.S., vol. iv, 276.)

Upon the accession or Lord Bellamont to the government of New York, April, 1698, we find Connecticut sending a delegation to congratulate him. In a letter dated May 6th, Lord Bellamont expresses his thanks and good will towards Connecticut, and encloses a letter from the Lords Commissioners of Trade, in regard to Rye and Bedford; he also denies their reasons for countenancing those towns in their revolt.^

The Earl of Bellamont writing to the Lords of Trade 13th of May,

a "In ir>97 they sent the inevitable Zach. Roberts to confer with Oovernor Treat of Connectlcut about being settled under the colour, and naitl him 3 shillings a day "for himself and his hois, and paid halfe his expellee.-' After his return Roberts had another town meeting and got an allowance for back-pav in the shape of an assessment of two pounds of flax on each man in the town." Address "of Joseph Barrett, July 4, 1S7G-- Recorder Katouah.

a "In ir>97 they sent the inevitable Zach. Roberts to confer with Oovernor Treat of Connectlcut about being settled under the colour, and naitl him 3 shillings a day "for himself and his hois, and paid halfe his expellee.-' After his return Roberts had another town meeting and got an allowance for back-pav in the shape of an assessment of two pounds of flax on each man in the town." Address "of Joseph Barrett, July 4, 1S7G-- Recorder Katouah. July 7. 1870.

b Round, letters, No. 147. c Round, letters, No. 149. d Round, letters, No. 146.

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

1699, says, "your Lordships have sent me no orders about the towns of Rye and Bedford which revolted from this Province (to avoid paying taxes) to the government of Connecticut : to which town said government has noe colour or right. (New York, Col. M.S.S., London, Doc. vol. iv, p. 517.)

In reply, May, 1698, the deputy governor and assistants express the kindest and most friendly feelings towards his excellency, but cannot answer concerning Rye and Bedford until Governor Winthrop's return. d

Upon the 29th of March, 1700, King William the third gave his approbation and confirmation to the agreement and survey of 1683 and 1684, whereby Rye and Bedford were included in New York.

"In November, 1699, the town received a great acquisition in Mr. Copp, of Norwalk, a surveyor and quite a scholarly man for that time. He was at once given a "home loot, twenty acres of out land, sixteen of plow land and four acres of medow land." He was also to have "the use of ye towne loot and ye towne land and medow in ye feild this next yeare, without they want of it for a minestar." The next month '• the town by a maigor not chuse Mr.

Copp, of Norwalk, a surveyor and quite a scholarly man for that time. He was at once given a "home loot, twenty acres of out land, sixteen of plow land and four acres of medow land." He was also to have "the use of ye towne loot and ye towne land and medow in ye feild this next yeare, without they want of it for a minestar." The next month '• the town by a maigor not chuse Mr. John Copp to put things to vote in theyr town meetings if he is presant."

They also bought of "ye said Copp" a "grindle stone" for which they paid the modest price of "six acres of pastur land." For a while he quite eclipsed Zachariah Roberts. The next week they elected him town Treasurer, and put him on a " committy" to agree with the Indians for the land westward of the town. This committee arranged with the Indians for the "west purchase," included in the deed of Sept. 6, 1700, and it may have been incident to the negotiations that we find this entry on "Aprell 15, 1700. The town by a maigor vote doth agree yl if they fortify, it shall be John Holmes senrs hous, and ye house y' was Joshua Webb's desesed." It does not appear that it became necessary to fortify.

The west purchase was made and "every man y' hath land in ye town hath liberty to put in a head," or share. -- There were 36 of these head rights, of which Col. Jacobus Van Cortlandt had 8, Zach. Roberts, 3, John Copp, 2, John Holmes, Jr., 2, and the rest one. The land was then surveyed by Copp and laid out into 36 lots of 50 acres each (for the small field plan seems to have become exploded) which were subsequently drawn for by lot.

The west purchase was made and "every man y' hath land in ye town hath liberty to put in a head," or share. -- There were 36 of these head rights, of which Col. Jacobus Van Cortlandt had 8, Zach. Roberts, 3, John Copp, 2, John Holmes, Jr., 2, and the rest one. The land was then surveyed by Copp and laid out into 36 lots of 50 acres each (for the small field plan seems to have become exploded) which were subsequently drawn for by lot. One of the town books consists of the records of this "west purchase" or " new purchase," and is in the neat handwriting of Copp -- Proprietors Clerk. It shows how he first laid out two highways ten rods wide from Broad Brook west to the Kisco Brook,

d Bound, letters, No. 14S.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

and then laid out his fifty acre tracts on each side of them. This book was accompanied by a map, which cannot now be found. The two ten rod highways were the one leading from S. C. Sutton's to Mt Kisco and the nearly parallel one a mile south leading over Knapp's Hill, nearly in a straight course to Kisco Mountain. The present ' swamp road" running south from Simeon Woolsey's was at this time laid out as a "four rod highway," but the liberal views of John Copp and his employers did not prevail with their successors and there are now but ordinary roads with occasional wide spots. There was also a quantity of rough land bounded "northerley by ye highway y1 passes under Nonames Hill, called Frederick's path," (which I take to be the road leading from the Four Corners to Mt. Kisco). The division of the "west purchase" was not fully concluded until 1738."

The present ' swamp road" running south from Simeon Woolsey's was at this time laid out as a "four rod highway," but the liberal views of John Copp and his employers did not prevail with their successors and there are now but ordinary roads with occasional wide spots. There was also a quantity of rough land bounded "northerley by ye highway y1 passes under Nonames Hill, called Frederick's path," (which I take to be the road leading from the Four Corners to Mt. Kisco). The division of the "west purchase" was not fully concluded until 1738."

On the 31st of July, 1741, John Copp, of Norwalk, in the County Fairfield and Colony of Connecticut, in New England, for and in consideration of ye sum of 650 pounds, New England money bills of credit of ye old tennure, received of Moses Fountain, of Bedford, in Westchester County, in the Province of New York, the receipt whereof I do hereby acknowledge and myselfe therewith fully satisfied and contented, have given, granted, &c, viz., the following described parcels of land, being upland lying upon Bates hill, so called, containing about 8 acres, &c, bounded northerly by Richard Holmes' land, westerly by undivided land, southerly by the top or brow of said hill, and easterly by the land formerly granted to the builders of the meeting house and the land exchanged with the Town, &c.6

There was for many years after this date a great extent of common or town land, where the people pastured their cattle. It is probable that they also pastured lands not yet bought of the Indians. A brander for the town was therefore appointed and the cattle were marked with the owner's mark, and such entries as the following begin to appear on the town records : " Zachariah Roberts maketh entry of his ere marck for his marckeble creatures, namly a swalow forck on ye toop of each ere." " John Miller senr macks entry of his ere marck for his marckeble creatures namly one half penny on the under sid of the offe ere & a slit on the toop of the neer ere." These marks are found on record as lat'e as 1813.

A brander for the town was therefore appointed and the cattle were marked with the owner's mark, and such entries as the following begin to appear on the town records : " Zachariah Roberts maketh entry of his ere marck for his marckeble creatures, namly a swalow forck on ye toop of each ere." " John Miller senr macks entry of his ere marck for his marckeble creatures namly one half penny on the under sid of the offe ere & a slit on the toop of the neer ere." These marks are found on record as lat'e as 1813.

On the 13 th of March, 1700, the town sold to John Johnston one hundred acres of land for ,£56, and some months after Crosse's vineyard for £8. On the 6th of Sept. 1700, Katonah Sagamore and other

a Address of Jos. Barrett Jnly 4, 1ST6-- Recorder Katonah, July 7. 6 No. 3 of Bedford Tovru Books, p. 61.

THE TOWN OK BEDFORD.

Indians, chief proprietors of the lands about Bedford, made a conveyance confirming to the inhabitants of Bedford a purchase made twenty years before, supposing that they had received their pay to their full satisfaction for ye lands and all the timber and feed on said lands " within ye bounds, as follows, namely : to begin where Beaver Dam River and Cross River meets and so to run on ye nor-west side of a brook called miry brook, and then to run cross the hills west on ye west side of Cisqua meadow until it meets the river called Cisqua River and a great swamp, and so to run up the brook and by marked trees to the North Birum pond, and so to ye south end Cohansey, and then to a great red ash tree formerly marked by ye Indians for Bedford's southermost bounds, which stands on the west side of the west turn of Meanous River." Signed, sealed & delivered ) in the presence of us : j"

Indians, chief proprietors of the lands about Bedford, made a conveyance confirming to the inhabitants of Bedford a purchase made twenty years before, supposing that they had received their pay to their full satisfaction for ye lands and all the timber and feed on said lands " within ye bounds, as follows, namely : to begin where Beaver Dam River and Cross River meets and so to run on ye nor-west side of a brook called miry brook, and then to run cross the hills west on ye west side of Cisqua meadow until it meets the river called Cisqua River and a great swamp, and so to run up the brook and by marked trees to the North Birum pond, and so to ye south end Cohansey, and then to a great red ash tree formerly marked by ye Indians for Bedford's southermost bounds, which stands on the west side of the west turn of Meanous River." Signed, sealed & delivered ) in the presence of us : j"

ZACHARIAH ROBERTS, His JOHN HOLMES, KOTO X NAH.

Mark.

His His CACA X RACO. WACK > EMANE.

Mark. Mark. His

MANGA O KORN. Mark. His

ARAN TORN Mark. His SI* MON. Mark*

On the 10th day of October, 1700, the General Court of Connecticut released Bedford from all allegiance.

October, 17 13, Connecticut appointed certain Commissioners to meet those of New York in fixing the line. A final agreement and conclusion took place between the Commissioners at Dover, in Dutchess Co., May the 14th, 1731, by which Bedfordand Rye were forever hereafter included in ye province of New York.

His

ARAN TORN Mark. His SI* MON. Mark*

On the 10th day of October, 1700, the General Court of Connecticut released Bedford from all allegiance.

October, 17 13, Connecticut appointed certain Commissioners to meet those of New York in fixing the line. A final agreement and conclusion took place between the Commissioners at Dover, in Dutchess Co., May the 14th, 1731, by which Bedfordand Rye were forever hereafter included in ye province of New York.

The following grant and confirmation, under the hand of Catonah, occurs on the 24th of July, 1700:

Katonah, Sagamore and chief proprietor of ye land about Bedford, have formerly sold unto the inhabitants of the town of Bedford a certain tract of meadow land and upland northard from ye town and joining to their first pur-

•Beilford Rec, vol. i., p. 1G0.

3°

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

chase, which tract of land is bounded by a small brook east, which runs near ye west side of Pohticus path, and west by Beaver Dam River, northerly by ye Cross River, and south by Bedford's land. This above-named tract of land Catonah have sold from ine and mine, or any Indian or Indians laying claim thereunto, to ye inhabitants of Bedford, for a valuable consideration in band, already received, to my full satisfaction, &c.

Signed, scaled and delivered 1 His in presence of us. J KATO M NAH.

BENJAMIN HAIT, and mark. ABRAHAM FINCH. . His

TOYE>h BEAKEEP. mark. His

RAROH NQUOSH. mark.

At a town meeting held in Bedford, Oct. 4th, 1701 .

This above-named tract of land Catonah have sold from ine and mine, or any Indian or Indians laying claim thereunto, to ye inhabitants of Bedford, for a valuable consideration in band, already received, to my full satisfaction, &c.

Signed, scaled and delivered 1 His in presence of us. J KATO M NAH.

BENJAMIN HAIT, and mark. ABRAHAM FINCH. . His

TOYE>h BEAKEEP. mark. His

RAROH NQUOSH. mark.

At a town meeting held in Bedford, Oct. 4th, 1701 .

"The town by a maiger vote doth order the Committee to proceed with the Indians about purchasing ye lands westward of ye old purchase, and now marked the old purchase, formerly bought of the Indians November 2d, 1701. The town doth also agree that ye land westward of the first purchase shall be paid by beads, and every hand that payeth the Indians for it shall have everyone of them an equal share, according to what they pay. At the same time a committee is chosen by vote, consisting of Zachariah Roberts, John Holmes, Jun., and Jonathan Petit, to see ye Indians satisfied for ye lands formerly bought of them, which is west of the first purchase."

Upon the 4th of November, 1700 :

"The town by a maiger vote doth devise and impower Mr. John Tomson & Zachariah Roberts, Senr., to go to New York & cleerup our ritsand priveledges in order to atainea patten toconforme to usourrits, titles & priveledges, &theyr chardges to be payed out of the above said bargeu.a

At the same time a committee is chosen by vote, consisting of Zachariah Roberts, John Holmes, Jun., and Jonathan Petit, to see ye Indians satisfied for ye lands formerly bought of them, which is west of the first purchase."

Upon the 4th of November, 1700 :

"The town by a maiger vote doth devise and impower Mr. John Tomson & Zachariah Roberts, Senr., to go to New York & cleerup our ritsand priveledges in order to atainea patten toconforme to usourrits, titles & priveledges, &theyr chardges to be payed out of the above said bargeu.a

At a town meeting March 13th, 1701.

The town of Bedford, by a maiger vot doth reseve Mr. John Tomson, late of Lundon, now trader in Stanford, an inhabitant in to ye town among us ; & do give, grant and sell to him an hundred acres of land on the north sidof the highway yt gos to Danicll Simkings plain, bounded by the brook or Indian line west, as it shall be layd out by the comityc, and if it is not all to be had there then to mack it up elce where as conveniant as may be, for : 56 : fifty-six siblings, all ready payd to the town, and he is to mack cmprovements for ye space of three yera.6

Upon the 4th of Feb'y, 1702, the town of Bedford sold to John Dibble, Crosse's vineyard purchase for ^18 ; on the 1 6th of March following,

a Bedford book of ord., Rec. rass., p. 41. 6 Distr.

John Tomson, late of Lundon, now trader in Stanford, an inhabitant in to ye town among us ; & do give, grant and sell to him an hundred acres of land on the north sidof the highway yt gos to Danicll Simkings plain, bounded by the brook or Indian line west, as it shall be layd out by the comityc, and if it is not all to be had there then to mack it up elce where as conveniant as may be, for : 56 : fifty-six siblings, all ready payd to the town, and he is to mack cmprovements for ye space of three yera.6

Upon the 4th of Feb'y, 1702, the town of Bedford sold to John Dibble, Crosse's vineyard purchase for ^18 ; on the 1 6th of March following,

a Bedford book of ord., Rec. rass., p. 41. 6 Distr.

THE TOWN OK BEDFORD.

John Dibble agrees to sell 100 acres of the same to Jacobus VanCourtlandt, &c.

By a grant dated April 20th, 1702, Katonah and Wackemane convey to the Inhabitants of Bedford all that tract of land, within the following bounds, viz: --

"To begin where Beaver Dam River and Cross river meet and then to run across the south-westeriy on the west side of Cisqua meadow, until it meets the river called Cisqua River and a great swamp, and so to run up the brook and by marked trees to the north end of By ram pond, and so to the north end of Cob. among pond, and then to a great red oak tree formerly marked by the Indians for Bedford southernmost bounds which stands on the west side of the west turn of Meanau's River, and this above said land, we Katonah and Wackemane do sell for us, our heirs, &c, to the Inhabitants of Bedford.

"To begin where Beaver Dam River and Cross river meet and then to run across the south-westeriy on the west side of Cisqua meadow, until it meets the river called Cisqua River and a great swamp, and so to run up the brook and by marked trees to the north end of By ram pond, and so to the north end of Cob. among pond, and then to a great red oak tree formerly marked by the Indians for Bedford southernmost bounds which stands on the west side of the west turn of Meanau's River, and this above said land, we Katonah and Wackemane do sell for us, our heirs, &c, to the Inhabitants of Bedford.

Signed sealed and delivered ) in presence of us, J

ZACIIARIAII ROBERTS, and JOHN HOLMES.

Uis

KATO* NAIL

mark.

His

WACKE O MANE, mark.

His

ARAT XTOMA.

mark.

His SIoq MON. mark.

His

CARAx ROEA. mark.

His

MANGtt AKOM. *

mark.

Upon the 4th of January, 1703-4, Katonah, Sagamore and Wackemane chief proprietors of the lauds about Bedford, have sold, and by these presents doe sell, &C, unto John Dibble of Bedford, in the county of West Chester, &c, a certain tract of upland and meadow, &c, all within ye bounds hereafter named and bounded by marked trees, from one branch of Beaver Dam River southward of Stone Hills, and to run westward of Stone Hills, northward by marked trees until it meets with a brook coming out of Stone Hills, and so to be bounded by ye said brook until it meets the Cross River, and bounded by the said Cross River until it meets a small brook, and then bounded on the westward by Bedford's cross vineyard purchase, southerly and eastwardly until it meets ye

Upon the 4th of January, 1703-4, Katonah, Sagamore and Wackemane chief proprietors of the lauds about Bedford, have sold, and by these presents doe sell, &C, unto John Dibble of Bedford, in the county of West Chester, &c, a certain tract of upland and meadow, &c, all within ye bounds hereafter named and bounded by marked trees, from one branch of Beaver Dam River southward of Stone Hills, and to run westward of Stone Hills, northward by marked trees until it meets with a brook coming out of Stone Hills, and so to be bounded by ye said brook until it meets the Cross River, and bounded by the said Cross River until it meets a small brook, and then bounded on the westward by Bedford's cross vineyard purchase, southerly and eastwardly until it meets ye

• From the original, in possession of the Hon. Joan Jay.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

aforesaid- branch, which tract of land thus bounded we Catonah and Wackemaue for us, our heirs, &c, have sold to the above said John Dibble, &c. Signed sealed and delivered ) His in presence of us, / CAT OX NAH.

JOHN MILLER, mark. JOHN THOMSON, His JOHN BARTLETT. WACKE O MANE.

mark. His

MANG rOCAM. mailt, nis

CAC 3D RECA. mark. His

MAN C AQUI.

mark. His

SI O3M0N.* mark.

The same year we find John Dibble and wife conveying to Jacques Van Courtlandt 700 acres of land lying in Bedford, called the Vineyard Purchase, besides a certain parcel of meadow and upland in ye bounds of said Bedford, first purchased, with marked trees northerly, eastwardly by a small brook which runneth into Cross River, and northerly by the Cross River, and southerly by the Cross River, containing about 400 acres.

His

SI O3M0N.* mark.

The same year we find John Dibble and wife conveying to Jacques Van Courtlandt 700 acres of land lying in Bedford, called the Vineyard Purchase, besides a certain parcel of meadow and upland in ye bounds of said Bedford, first purchased, with marked trees northerly, eastwardly by a small brook which runneth into Cross River, and northerly by the Cross River, and southerly by the Cross River, containing about 400 acres.

In 1703, the town granted John Thomson formerly a London merchant but lately of Stamford, a tract of land on condition that he should pay forty shilling, "and to bring up four hundred sheep and lambs next summer and let them to ye inhabitants of ye town for two bits in money or one pound and halfe of flees wool as the sheep afords it yearly."

Upon the 5th of May, 1703, Catonah Sagamore and Wackcniane, for themselves and in behalf of an}' other Indians concerned, sell to Zachariah Roberts of Bedford, all that land between Bedford bounds and Muscotah River which lycth between Oisqua River and ye Cross River, for the several particulars hereinafter named.

This is ye truth of ye bargain test. Zaciiakiaii Roberts, Sen.

10 pieces of eight which is paid, 6 shirts, 4 dozen coats, 2 blankets,

1 broad cloth coat, 4 lbs of powder,

4 hatchets,

2 gallons of rum. a

• From the original in the possession of Hon. John Jav. Bedford Book of rublic Uec. vol. i. p. 181. sTown Kec. of Deed, vol. i, p. C9.

Upon the 5th of May, 1703, Catonah Sagamore and Wackcniane, for themselves and in behalf of an}' other Indians concerned, sell to Zachariah Roberts of Bedford, all that land between Bedford bounds and Muscotah River which lycth between Oisqua River and ye Cross River, for the several particulars hereinafter named.

This is ye truth of ye bargain test. Zaciiakiaii Roberts, Sen.

10 pieces of eight which is paid, 6 shirts, 4 dozen coats, 2 blankets,

1 broad cloth coat, 4 lbs of powder,

4 hatchets,

2 gallons of rum. a

• From the original in the possession of Hon. John Jav. Bedford Book of rublic Uec. vol. i. p. 181. sTown Kec. of Deed, vol. i, p. C9.

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

July 24th, 1703, Catonah and Wackemaue sell to Jacobus Van Cortlandt of the city of New York, and Zachariah Roberts, senr., of Bedford, a certain tract of upland meadow and swamp, all within ye bounds hereafter named, that is to say to begin where Beaver Dam River and ye Cross River meets, and so to run west wardly by Bedford's marked trees, until it comes to a black oak tree marked upon a high hill, and then to run west to Cisqua River, and then down said River until it runs into Muscotah River and then to keep ye south side of Muscotah River until it meets the aforesaid river, and to keep the said Cross River until it meets ye aforesaid Beaver Dam River, &c. The Indians acknowledge that they, the Indians, have received all our pay to our full satisfaction.

July 24th, 1703, Catonah and Wackemaue sell to Jacobus Van Cortlandt of the city of New York, and Zachariah Roberts, senr., of Bedford, a certain tract of upland meadow and swamp, all within ye bounds hereafter named, that is to say to begin where Beaver Dam River and ye Cross River meets, and so to run west wardly by Bedford's marked trees, until it comes to a black oak tree marked upon a high hill, and then to run west to Cisqua River, and then down said River until it runs into Muscotah River and then to keep ye south side of Muscotah River until it meets the aforesaid river, and to keep the said Cross River until it meets ye aforesaid Beaver Dam River, &c. The Indians acknowledge that they, the Indians, have received all our pay to our full satisfaction.

Syned sealed and delivered j in the presence of us. ) NATHAN CLARK, JOSEPH HUNT, ZACHARIAH ROBERTS.

His

CATO X NAH. (L.S.) mark. His

"WACKE O MANE. (L.S.) mark.

His

MUS a TATO. mark. His

MEQUA N COM. mark.

His

CACO -c PORO. mark. His

WAP a APO. mark. His

MAN Kj TORO. mark. His

AN *d HOOCK. mark.

Town Rec. of Deeds vol. i. TO.

In 1700, after the decision which left the town within the province of New York, the people began to again agitate the matter of getting their patent confirmed, and sent John Thomson and Zach. Roberts to New York, which was then the capital, on that mission ; but nothing came of it until May 14, 1702, when they empowered "Mr. Capt. Peter Mathews to git our patent and privileges confermed to us the town of Bedford as soon chep and easy as may be," and they promised Mathews a "gratetude of land" for his services.

In 1700, after the decision which left the town within the province of New York, the people began to again agitate the matter of getting their patent confirmed, and sent John Thomson and Zach. Roberts to New York, which was then the capital, on that mission ; but nothing came of it until May 14, 1702, when they empowered "Mr. Capt. Peter Mathews to git our patent and privileges confermed to us the town of Bedford as soon chep and easy as may be," and they promised Mathews a "gratetude of land" for his services. So the next year they gave him 300 "akers on the south sid of the road that goeth from bedford to hutsons

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Riur and so by the place whair Wainpas wigwam was." Upon this the enterprising Zach. Roberts got the town to vote him a large tract near the west boundary, "on condision that he goeth to New York and ioynes with, and is helpful to Captain Peter Mathews." It appeared that Zach. Roberts helped to "git" the patent and got his land, and in "Ogust" of that year Mathews asked for and obtained 700 acres more, and in 1707, 200 more, making 1200 acres in the southwest corner of the patent, that is, in the vicinity of Mount Kisco."

The patent was granted to the inhabitants of Bedford by Queen Anne on the 8th day of April, 1704. The grantees yielding and rendering to the Crown therefore the sum of ^5 per annum.

Roberts helped to "git" the patent and got his land, and in "Ogust" of that year Mathews asked for and obtained 700 acres more, and in 1707, 200 more, making 1200 acres in the southwest corner of the patent, that is, in the vicinity of Mount Kisco."

The patent was granted to the inhabitants of Bedford by Queen Anne on the 8th day of April, 1704. The grantees yielding and rendering to the Crown therefore the sum of ^5 per annum.

This Quit Rent wras annually paid in New York, and mention of its being levied and collected is occasionally found in the minutes of the Town meetings.6

ROYAL PATENT FOR BEDFORD.

" Whereas the general court of Connecticut on the 13th day of May in ye year of our Lord Christ, 1697, hath granted unto the proprietors, inhabitants of the town of Bedford, then within that colony, all those lauds, &c, in their abutments, viz : southerly on ye bounds of the township of Stamford, westwardly bv ye wilderness, north on ye wilderness, and eastward]}' on ye wilderness or land not laid out, every of which sides is six miles in length, which said lands have been by purchase or otherwise lawfully obtayned of the native Indian proprietors thereof, &c, and the governor and company of the said colony assembled in general council by virtue of their charter afterwards to wit, ye 21st day of May, in the ninth year of King William, did give, grant, ratify and confirm &c, unto John Miller, sen., Daniel Simpkins. Zachariah Roberts, Samuel Seeley, Jeremiah Andrews, John Westcoate, John Miller, jun., and John Holmes, jun , and the rest, &c. The aforesaid parcel of land six miles square the privileges of being one entire township by patent.

" Whereas the general court of Connecticut on the 13th day of May in ye year of our Lord Christ, 1697, hath granted unto the proprietors, inhabitants of the town of Bedford, then within that colony, all those lauds, &c, in their abutments, viz : southerly on ye bounds of the township of Stamford, westwardly bv ye wilderness, north on ye wilderness, and eastward]}' on ye wilderness or land not laid out, every of which sides is six miles in length, which said lands have been by purchase or otherwise lawfully obtayned of the native Indian proprietors thereof, &c, and the governor and company of the said colony assembled in general council by virtue of their charter afterwards to wit, ye 21st day of May, in the ninth year of King William, did give, grant, ratify and confirm &c, unto John Miller, sen., Daniel Simpkins. Zachariah Roberts, Samuel Seeley, Jeremiah Andrews, John Westcoate, John Miller, jun., and John Holmes, jun , and the rest, &c. The aforesaid parcel of land six miles square the privileges of being one entire township by patent.

We have given, granted, &c, to our loving subjects, Zachariah Roberts, sen., John Holmes, sen., Cornelius Seely, sen,, Zachariah Roberts, jun., Cornelius Seely, jun., John Miller, jun., Jonathan Miller, John Holmes, jun., David Miller, Richard Holmes, Jonathan Holmes, David Holmes, Capt. Peter Mathews, Col. Jacobus Van Courtlandt, Obadiah Seely, Stephen Claeson, John Westcoate, jun., Richard Westcoate, Nathan Clarke, Joseph Hunt, Richard Ayrcs, Jeremiah Andrews, Joseph Palmer, David Mead, John Dibble, Daniel Jones, John Clapp, Thomas Howard and Vincent Simpkins, their heirs the said tract of 23,000 acres, called ye town of Bedford, &c. Witiress our right trusty and right well beloved cousin, Edward Vicount Cornbury, Captain General and Governor in chief of our province of New York and New Jersey, and ye territories and tracts of land depending on them in America Admiral of the same, &c„ in council at Fort Anne, New York, the 8th day of April, in the third year of our reign A.

Jacobus Van Courtlandt, Obadiah Seely, Stephen Claeson, John Westcoate, jun., Richard Westcoate, Nathan Clarke, Joseph Hunt, Richard Ayrcs, Jeremiah Andrews, Joseph Palmer, David Mead, John Dibble, Daniel Jones, John Clapp, Thomas Howard and Vincent Simpkins, their heirs the said tract of 23,000 acres, called ye town of Bedford, &c. Witiress our right trusty and right well beloved cousin, Edward Vicount Cornbury, Captain General and Governor in chief of our province of New York and New Jersey, and ye territories and tracts of land depending on them in America Admiral of the same, &c„ in council at Fort Anne, New York, the 8th day of April, in the third year of our reign A. D. 1704. c

a Address of Jos. Barrett July 4, 1ST0. Recorder Katonan, July T. 6 Mr. Barrett says it was thus paid until 17t». c Albany Book of Patents, vol. vil 271.

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

In the spring of 17 14 a rate was levied on ye proprietors of ye township of Bedford, in proportion to their several properties therein, for ye raising ye sum of £50 for ye discharging of her majesties dues of quit rent for ten years.

The proportion of Col. Jacobus Van Cortlandt for 2565 acres in ye north west corner of ye patent lands was . jQ6 08 06 For his vineyard purchase, 607 acres . . . . 1 10 05 For his right in Dibble's purchase, 762 acres . . 1 18 00 For his right in ye new purchase . . . . 2 13 04

In the spring of 17 14 a rate was levied on ye proprietors of ye township of Bedford, in proportion to their several properties therein, for ye raising ye sum of £50 for ye discharging of her majesties dues of quit rent for ten years.

The proportion of Col. Jacobus Van Cortlandt for 2565 acres in ye north west corner of ye patent lands was . jQ6 08 06 For his vineyard purchase, 607 acres . . . . 1 10 05 For his right in Dibble's purchase, 762 acres . . 1 18 00 For his right in ye new purchase . . . . 2 13 04

The following document is extracted from a manuscript volume entitled " the receipt book of the quit rents of Bedford, paid from 17 14 to

" Received of Mr. Jonathan Miller and Joseph Seeley the sum of fifty pounds, proclamation money, being in full for ten years quit rent for the town of Bed-

Witness my hand this 1st dav ) of May, A. D. 1714. ' J % .£50, procl. money.

Upon the 12th of October, 1705, John Dibble, by a bill of sale, conveyed all his right, title and interest in the town of Bedford to Jacobus Van Cortlandt. This individual subsequently became invested in the rights of Jonathan Miller on the 15th of October, 17 13, and Zachariah Roberts, on the 13th of October, 17 17.

The last Indian deed for lands in Bedford bears date 23d of January, 1722, wherein Lackawawa and Peparinuk and Moses, Indian natives and owners of ye land on ye north side of Cross River, in ye bounds of Bedford, for ye sum of twenty pounds, conveyed to Joseph Seely and his heirs, &c, "being on ye north side of ye Cross River, so called, and bounded as follows : Easterly by a brook that runeth into sd river, westerly by a brook yt runs to ye Cross River, northerly by two black ash trees, southerly by ye above Cross River, &c

The last Indian deed for lands in Bedford bears date 23d of January, 1722, wherein Lackawawa and Peparinuk and Moses, Indian natives and owners of ye land on ye north side of Cross River, in ye bounds of Bedford, for ye sum of twenty pounds, conveyed to Joseph Seely and his heirs, &c, "being on ye north side of ye Cross River, so called, and bounded as follows : Easterly by a brook that runeth into sd river, westerly by a brook yt runs to ye Cross River, northerly by two black ash trees, southerly by ye above Cross River, &c

Sealed and delivered in presence of

1767.

ford to the 2oth of March last.

T. BYERLY, Coll."

JOHN' WESTCOTTE, ANDREW MILLS, ZACH. MILLS.

His SI < MON mark.

WACKA X MAW A

PAPA m RINUK.

mark.

mark. His

His

His

His SI co MON.

WITH Z> AMS.

mark.6

mark.

a Copied from original, In possession of Hon. John Jay.

b Bedford Kec. vol. ii. p. 111.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

This last deed marks the end of Indian rule in Bedford. It is the only one of the "nine" deeds which is not signed by Katonah Sagamore. Hence it is to be inferred that he died between 1704 and 1722, and was spared the pain of seeing the last of his happy hunting grounds pass out of the possession of his race. Tradition tells us, that he lies buried beside his favorite wife on the heights of Cantitoe ( Katonah' s own land), and two immense boulders on the farm of Henry E. Pellew, Esqr., are shown as marking the spot, where, with his face towards the rising sun, lies all that was mortal of the great chieftain."0 Katonah may have been the son of Powahag or Powahay the eldest son of Onox, and left issue at least two sons, who figure in the Bedford conveyances, viz., Papiag and Wackemane.

Tradition tells us, that he lies buried beside his favorite wife on the heights of Cantitoe ( Katonah' s own land), and two immense boulders on the farm of Henry E. Pellew, Esqr., are shown as marking the spot, where, with his face towards the rising sun, lies all that was mortal of the great chieftain."0 Katonah may have been the son of Powahag or Powahay the eldest son of Onox, and left issue at least two sons, who figure in the Bedford conveyances, viz., Papiag and Wackemane.

A remarkable feature about these Indian deeds of Bedford is, that with the exception of the first one, no consideration of great value is in any case named. The bargains were usually made " to the full satisfaction" of the grantors; and the doubtful phraseology leads to the suspicion that some of the early settlers had the knack of making easy bargains with the red men when they were in good humor. In many of their bounds, except where streams were followed, these deeds are indefinite, and it is believed that in some cases parcels of land were included in two or more deeds, and other parcels were left out entirely. They could afford to be careless about a few acres at the prices of those times.'6

Upon the 23d of June, 1736, "the land to the north of Cross River was divided by lot among the twenty-nine proprietors of Bedford."

Among the largest landed of the proprietors of Bedford was Jacobus Van Cortlandt, son of Hon. Oloff Stevens Van Cortlandt and brother of Stephanus Van Cortlandt, Lord of the manor of Cortlandt (which lordship embraced the upper portion of the town). This individual had purchased lands here from the Indians and settlers as late as 1 7 14, so that his estate, as we shall have occasion to show presently, when divided in 1743, amounted to 5,115 acres.

Among the largest landed of the proprietors of Bedford was Jacobus Van Cortlandt, son of Hon. Oloff Stevens Van Cortlandt and brother of Stephanus Van Cortlandt, Lord of the manor of Cortlandt (which lordship embraced the upper portion of the town). This individual had purchased lands here from the Indians and settlers as late as 1 7 14, so that his estate, as we shall have occasion to show presently, when divided in 1743, amounted to 5,115 acres.

On the 10th of April, 1738, Jacobus Van Cortlandt devised " all his tenements and hereditaments situated within the patent and township-of Bedford to his son Frederick Van Cortlandt, of Yonkers, and his three daughters : Margaret, wife of Abraham Depeyster ; Anne, wife of John Chambers, and Mary, wife of Peter Jay, the parties giving mutual leases and releases to one another."0

a Address bv Joseph Barrett Julv 4th, 1S76, Recorder Katonah July "th. b Hist, sketch of the town of Bedford delivered by Joseph Barrett, 1876. Record Katonah July 7. c. Co. Kec, lib. G., fol. 20S.

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

Frederick Van Cortlandt, one of the above devisees, obtained a release from the following freeholders of Bedford on the 2 ist of September, 1 741 :

Hezekiah Roberts, John Holmes, Daniel Holly,

John Miller, Jonathan Westcoat, Nathan Clark,

Joseph Seely, Richard Westcoat, Moses Fountain,

Jonathan Holmes, Daniel Miller, John Miller,

Zachariah Mills, Richard Holmes, Samuel Miller,

Jonathan Seely. Daniel Haight, Samuel Barras,

Ebenezer Holmes, Philip Ayres, Ebenezer Owen.

Jonathan Miller, Vincent Simpkins.

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

Frederick Van Cortlandt, one of the above devisees, obtained a release from the following freeholders of Bedford on the 2 ist of September, 1 741 :

Hezekiah Roberts, John Holmes, Daniel Holly,

John Miller, Jonathan Westcoat, Nathan Clark,

Joseph Seely, Richard Westcoat, Moses Fountain,

Jonathan Holmes, Daniel Miller, John Miller,

Zachariah Mills, Richard Holmes, Samuel Miller,

Jonathan Seely. Daniel Haight, Samuel Barras,

Ebenezer Holmes, Philip Ayres, Ebenezer Owen.

Jonathan Miller, Vincent Simpkins.

From an original map, drawn up by Samuel Purdy, surveyor, it appears that a partition of Jacobus Van Cortlandl's estate took place in 1743. To Frederick Van Cortlandt was allotted 1,424 acres ; to Abraham De Peyster, 1,1 10 acres; to John Chambers, 1,282 acres; and to Peter Jay, 1,299 acres-

Upon the death of Peter Jay, Esq., in 1782, his share fell to three sons, Peter, Frederick and John. The latter was subsequently invested with a large portion of the original allotment."

By the decease of the Honorable John Jay, in 1829, his son, the late William Jay, Esq., became the sole proprietor of the Bedford estate, which since his death has passed to his son, the Hon. John Jay ; the Hon. John Jay, therefore, is the only descendant of Jacobus Van Cortlandt that owns a foot of the original patent in the town of Bedford. Abraham De Peyster sold to various individuals. The descendants of the ancient proprietors of the Hop grounds (resident in Bedford) are still very numerous, viz.: the Greens, Millers, Holmes, Roberts, Amblers, Clarks, Ayres, Wcstcoats, Simpkins, Meads, Webbs, Clasons and Higgins.

By the decease of the Honorable John Jay, in 1829, his son, the late William Jay, Esq., became the sole proprietor of the Bedford estate, which since his death has passed to his son, the Hon. John Jay ; the Hon. John Jay, therefore, is the only descendant of Jacobus Van Cortlandt that owns a foot of the original patent in the town of Bedford. Abraham De Peyster sold to various individuals. The descendants of the ancient proprietors of the Hop grounds (resident in Bedford) are still very numerous, viz.: the Greens, Millers, Holmes, Roberts, Amblers, Clarks, Ayres, Wcstcoats, Simpkins, Meads, Webbs, Clasons and Higgins.

New York, 2d Nov., 1785. Dear Sir : Mr. Taylor, the Bearer hereof, waits upoa you with a petition which we propose to present to the Superior Court of Common Pleas for Westchester Co., in order to have commissioners appointed, agreeable to a late act of Assembly, to divide the lands of the late Mrs. Chambers, at Bedford, among her Devisees. They are now in a neglected, ruinous Condition, and until divided and properly attended to, will continue to decrease in value. I intend to go to Bedford next week, in order to see this Business put in a proper train. Be pleased to sign the Petition and return it to Mr. Taylor.

Mrs. Jay joins with me in desiring you to present our best Compliments to Mrs. De Peyster and the rest of the Family.

I am, Dear sir, your most ob't serv't,

(Signed.) JOHN JAY.

They are now in a neglected, ruinous Condition, and until divided and properly attended to, will continue to decrease in value. I intend to go to Bedford next week, in order to see this Business put in a proper train. Be pleased to sign the Petition and return it to Mr. Taylor.

Mrs. Jay joins with me in desiring you to present our best Compliments to Mrs. De Peyster and the rest of the Family.

I am, Dear sir, your most ob't serv't,

(Signed.) JOHN JAY.

Mr. James De Peyster, Jamaica.

a. The following letter of Chief Justice John Jay to James DePeyster shows that the lands of Anne Van Cortlandt, daughter of Jacobus, and wife of Judge John Chambers, and sister of Mary Jay, mother of the writer, had not been divided as late as 17S5.

38 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

The village of Bedford is delightfully situated a little north of the Mehanas River, in a large and fertile vale almost environed by high hills. The surrounding country, is well wooded, and watered by several streams tributary to the Croton. The principal of these are the Myanos the Pepemighting, misnamed the Kisco, the Cisqua or Beaver dam, and the Peppeneghek or Cross River. Bedford was for a long time a half shire torn with White Plains, (which is located sixteen miles, south), but within a few years last past, the courts have been held entirely at the latter place.

Court House, Bedford.

"The present Court House was built in 1787. Courts had been held in Bedford in the Presbyterian Church to that date, and Bedford continued to be a half shire town of the county until 1868. The Board of Supervisors frequently met at Bedford about the end of the last century. In 1723, Richard Holmes, collector of this town, was "required forthwith" to collect a tax upon the "freeholders, Residents, Inhabitants and Sojourners" within the town of Bedford for the purpose of "finishing ye Court-House" and Gaol in ye Count}-." This Court-House was probably the one at Westchester, for White Plains was not made the County seat until 1758.

Courts had been held in Bedford in the Presbyterian Church to that date, and Bedford continued to be a half shire town of the county until 1868. The Board of Supervisors frequently met at Bedford about the end of the last century. In 1723, Richard Holmes, collector of this town, was "required forthwith" to collect a tax upon the "freeholders, Residents, Inhabitants and Sojourners" within the town of Bedford for the purpose of "finishing ye Court-House" and Gaol in ye Count}-." This Court-House was probably the one at Westchester, for White Plains was not made the County seat until 1758. The tax for this town amounted to the enormous sum of two pounds one shilling and nine-pence."a

As early as 16S0 the proprietors of the Hop-ground (then residing at Stamford) appointed a committee "for the purpose of laying out a town spot, and house lots, the latter to consist at least of three acres each, also a town common, field or park, was directed to be laid out." At

a Address by Joseph Barrett, July 4. 1S7G, Recorder, Katonah, July 7.

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

this period the Hop ground formed a part of Stamford township within Fairfield county, and was therefore under the jurisdiction of Connecticut. In 1 68 1 the general court of that colony ordered the laying out of a plantation at the Hop ground.

On the nth of October, 1681, the proprietors of the Hop ground appointed a committee to lay out and divide the residue of the land at the Hop ground. It was also agreed to receive eleven inhabitants in order to form a town, and a committee appointed to go and view the land for the purpose of laying out a cart way to the Hop ground.

In 1 68 1 the general court of that colony ordered the laying out of a plantation at the Hop ground.

On the nth of October, 1681, the proprietors of the Hop ground appointed a committee to lay out and divide the residue of the land at the Hop ground. It was also agreed to receive eleven inhabitants in order to form a town, and a committee appointed to go and view the land for the purpose of laying out a cart way to the Hop ground.

"Upon the nth of May, 1682, the general court ordered that the name of the town be henceforth called Bedford."

Bedford has for a long period been celebrated for its schools. "The Bedford academy was one of the first Institutions chartered by the Regents of the University after their incorporation in 1784, but is not now subject to their supervision."*1

The Bedford Female Institute, which is situated on a beautiful hill, (formerly known as part of the "East Field") surrounded by a grove of forest trees, is an incorporated institution and under the control of a board of trustees, subject to the Regents of the University. "In 1S13 the town voted to comply with the State act providing for common schools and elected the requisite board of Commissioners and Inspectors. Since that time the town has maintained (besides the Academies and Seminaries already alluded to) fifteen public schools and has been fully up to the average rural towns in matters of education."6

"Bedford yields nothing that is interesting in a business point of view. Before the construction of the Harlem Rail Road there was quite a lively traffic carried on by means of stages along the Boston post road which passes through the villages between New York and Danbury."

Since that time the town has maintained (besides the Academies and Seminaries already alluded to) fifteen public schools and has been fully up to the average rural towns in matters of education."6

"Bedford yields nothing that is interesting in a business point of view. Before the construction of the Harlem Rail Road there was quite a lively traffic carried on by means of stages along the Boston post road which passes through the villages between New York and Danbury."

Accommodations for travellers have always been had from a very early period -- "as early as 1698 a hotel became a necessity; and Cornelius Seely, sen, was chosen as keeper of the "Ordinary" "to give entertainment according to law."6

The next mention of taverns is nearly a hundred years later when six " Inns " were alluded to for which the license fees were 2 pounds and 10 shillings each.""2

A large hotel still occupies the site of Seeh/s tavern in the village, (kept by Robert J. Jimmerson) which affords excellent accommodations

a Address of Joseph Barrett

6 Address of Joseph Barrett, July 4, 1ST6.

c Ditto Bedford, M.S.S. p. 32.

d Address of Joseph Barrett, July 4, 18T<E

4°

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

to parties visiting the town for the salubrity of its air or the beauty of its scenery.

The old burying ground of the Town is situated on the declivity near the Methodist meeting house in the village directly under Bates's hill -- This spot was formerly a part of the "common" (of which only "the green" now remains), laid out in 1681.

d Address of Joseph Barrett, July 4, 18T<E

4°

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

to parties visiting the town for the salubrity of its air or the beauty of its scenery.

The old burying ground of the Town is situated on the declivity near the Methodist meeting house in the village directly under Bates's hill -- This spot was formerly a part of the "common" (of which only "the green" now remains), laid out in 1681.

Tradition says that the Indians at one time interred their dead here. It is quite certain, however, that the white settlers used it from the beginning for burying their dead. April 7th, 1784, it was voted at a town meeting "That the Burying Ground be fenced in agreeable as it was laid out for or sett apart for Burying the dead." Again it was "voted that James McDonald, Philip Peck and James Trowbridge be a committee to superintend the work and see that it be done."a

Occasional notes in the town records refer to repairing the fence by setting newposts &c, until 1802, the careof it was madeoverto the Presbyterian Society; this continued three years, when the town voted to raise by subscription money to build a stone wall about the ground 5 afterwards it was the practice to rent it "for the pasture of sheep and calves only."6

The ground contains many curious memorials.

The Sacred W. W.

Decea to the memory of here lies the

sed Col. Lewis McDonald Esy. body of Thomas

Occasional notes in the town records refer to repairing the fence by setting newposts &c, until 1802, the careof it was madeoverto the Presbyterian Society; this continued three years, when the town voted to raise by subscription money to build a stone wall about the ground 5 afterwards it was the practice to rent it "for the pasture of sheep and calves only."6

The ground contains many curious memorials.

The Sacred W. W.

Decea to the memory of here lies the

sed Col. Lewis McDonald Esy. body of Thomas

Thomas and Sarah his wife Woolsey

Woolsey being a native of North Britain also

born in borne at Strathspey 1709 Jacob Brian

the year and departed this life 2i July, 1777. sou of Thomas A. D., 16G5. bom Sept. 1773 ob. 1760.

The first religious society organized at Bedford in 16S0-1 wasCongregregational, at that time the established religion of the Colony of Connecticut-- so that it was a kind of Church and State affair, for the town at regular meetings transacted all the business of a religious nature.6

The proprietors of the Hop Ground appear to have made early provision for the erection and support of a church, for, on the 2 2d of March, 1680, the "proprietors agree that what the committee had done in laying out ye town plot and the house lots shall stand, and the place they reserved for the town common, and the town lot to be as they laid it out and the meeting-house sh-dl be set upon the common so laved out, namely, the rock called Bates his Hill."

The proprietors of the Hop Ground appear to have made early provision for the erection and support of a church, for, on the 2 2d of March, 1680, the "proprietors agree that what the committee had done in laying out ye town plot and the house lots shall stand, and the place they reserved for the town common, and the town lot to be as they laid it out and the meeting-house sh-dl be set upon the common so laved out, namely, the rock called Bates his Hill."

a Bedford Town Rco, Book ii, p. 4.

b Address of Joseph Barrett, July 4, ISTfi.

c Hist, of Fresb. Ch. Bedford, by Kev. P. B. Heroy.

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

In i6Si, the General Court, held at Hartford, instructed the committee then residing in Stamford, who had been appointed to lay out a plantation at the hop ground, "to take care that there should be a suitable lot laid out for the first minister of the place, a lot for the minister forever."

The first minister of the Congregational society who preached in Bedford was the Rev. John Prudden who, in 1675, the General Courts of Connecticut ordered to resume his settlement in Rye. It would appear that he came from where he had formerly preached for some time. In the town we have this minute:

"Dec. 2d, 1681. They agree to give Mr. priddon, of Gemeco, (Jamaica,) a call to be a minister in this place. Joseph Theale the chief military officer of the train band of Bedford is chosen to goe to Mr. priddon to declare theire mind in order to his coming among them as above; and Abra. Ambler who was appointed by the Court at Hartford to grant warrants to officers e witnesses, and to join persons in marriage, is desired so write to Mr. priddon in theire name and behalf:" Mr.

They agree to give Mr. priddon, of Gemeco, (Jamaica,) a call to be a minister in this place. Joseph Theale the chief military officer of the train band of Bedford is chosen to goe to Mr. priddon to declare theire mind in order to his coming among them as above; and Abra. Ambler who was appointed by the Court at Hartford to grant warrants to officers e witnesses, and to join persons in marriage, is desired so write to Mr. priddon in theire name and behalf:" Mr. Prudden accepted their invitation and came and preached for them some time."

Mr. Prudden was a son of the Rev. Peter Prudden, who came to New Haven in company with the celebrated John Davenport and had charge of the church in Westerfield, Conn., in 1638. John was born at Milford, Conn., Nov. 9th, 1645, to which place his father had removed, with a few of his congregation, in 1640, and began the settlement of that town. He graduated at Harvard College in 1668, and was twentyfive years of age when he came to Jamaica,"01 March 6th, 1670. From Jamaica he went to Rye in 1675, and came here as we have seen in 1681. He subsequently returned to Jamaica, and "on the 23d of Aug., 1692, received a call from the First Presbyterian Church of Newark, N. J., to succeed Mr. Pierson, which he accepted. He continued minister of this church until Jan. 9th, 1699, when for some cause, not now known, he was dismissed. He died at Newark, Dec. nth, 1725. His epitaph is as follows :

From Jamaica he went to Rye in 1675, and came here as we have seen in 1681. He subsequently returned to Jamaica, and "on the 23d of Aug., 1692, received a call from the First Presbyterian Church of Newark, N. J., to succeed Mr. Pierson, which he accepted. He continued minister of this church until Jan. 9th, 1699, when for some cause, not now known, he was dismissed. He died at Newark, Dec. nth, 1725. His epitaph is as follows :

Here lies the body

OF THE

REV. MR. JOHN PRUDDEN minister of the Gospel, who departed this life 11 Dec, 1725, Aged 80 Years.

"He sustained a worthy character as a man of sense and religion, though he does not appear to have been a popular preacher. His dea Hist, of Presb. Oh. Jamaica, L. I., by Jas. M. Macdonalu, p. 21.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

scendants are numerous and reside chiefly in Morris Co., N. J.; some of whom are said to have been distinguished as worthy and useful members of society. "a

Jan. 28th, 1688, the Rev. Thomas Denham was called and settled in Bedford, and the town ordered that ^20 be raised for his salary. He was son of John Denham, deacon, and one of the first purchasers of Dartmouth ; preached at Sheepscott in Massachusetts colony (now in Maine), and suffered great losses in the destruction of that settlement in 1675 during King Philip's war. He came to Rye in 1677 and remained till 1684. Says a historian, "He was advanced in life when he came and was held in great respect by the people here who gave him proprietary rights, which descended to his son Isaac who became one of the principal men of the place. Mr. Denham had preached a long time in the town of Rye previous to his settlement here." This was evidently his last settlement, for it is reported that he died in Bedford after a few months' labor, aged 67.

Says a historian, "He was advanced in life when he came and was held in great respect by the people here who gave him proprietary rights, which descended to his son Isaac who became one of the principal men of the place. Mr. Denham had preached a long time in the town of Rye previous to his settlement here." This was evidently his last settlement, for it is reported that he died in Bedford after a few months' labor, aged 67. His will is said to be on record in the Court House at White Plains, and his grave is on the hillside in our old graveyard in the village.6

During the next eight or ten years the people seemed to be supplied with the labors of intelligent laymen in carrying on the Sabbath and conducting their religious services.

September 23d, 1689, the town by vote agreed that "in case Mr. Abram Ambler, senr, will come up and carry on the Sabbath as God shall enable him, we will give him the sum of £20 a year as long as he shall perform the work among us." October 15th, 1689, we have this minute which somewhat modifies the former vote :

" At a town meeting the town doth agree to build Mr. Abram Ambler Senor. a frame fortey foots long & twenty-two foots wide and to set it up fit for clabording & shingling and to rais it up by the last of March to come after the deate thereof & the house above mentioned is to be teen foots & a half between ioynts and the frame above mentioned is to be set up upon the consideration that Mr. Abraham Ambler, Senor. will com up as often as he can conveniantly to cary on the Lord's day amongst us one year yt he may settle with us." May 14th, 1690. seven months after the former vote, at another town meeting we have -the following minute: "The town doth by uote chuse Zachariah Roberts for to cary on the Sabba th day whill they can be othcrwavs provided."

Abram Ambler Senor. a frame fortey foots long & twenty-two foots wide and to set it up fit for clabording & shingling and to rais it up by the last of March to come after the deate thereof & the house above mentioned is to be teen foots & a half between ioynts and the frame above mentioned is to be set up upon the consideration that Mr. Abraham Ambler, Senor. will com up as often as he can conveniantly to cary on the Lord's day amongst us one year yt he may settle with us." May 14th, 1690. seven months after the former vote, at another town meeting we have -the following minute: "The town doth by uote chuse Zachariah Roberts for to cary on the Sabba th day whill they can be othcrwavs provided."

Jannewary, 1694, we have this vote: "The town by vote doth agree that as much land e medow as can be spaired e not predigous to highwavs yt lyeth one the norwest sid of whiping-post brook shall be keept for a ministar e to be disposed to now man els but a minister."

a Hist. Presbvterian Ch. Jamaica, L. I., by Jas. M. Maedouald. b Hist of Presbyterian Ch. Bedford, by Rev. P. B. neroy.

THE TOWN' OF BEDFORD.

October 16th, 1694, the town agreed to buy a house and lot of John Ambler for a parsonage, '"provided his price do not exceed £25." In all probability, the spot on which the Presbyterian church (built in 1872) now stands is a part of this original purchase.

Jannewary, 1694, we have this vote: "The town by vote doth agree that as much land e medow as can be spaired e not predigous to highwavs yt lyeth one the norwest sid of whiping-post brook shall be keept for a ministar e to be disposed to now man els but a minister."

a Hist. Presbvterian Ch. Jamaica, L. I., by Jas. M. Maedouald. b Hist of Presbyterian Ch. Bedford, by Rev. P. B. neroy.

THE TOWN' OF BEDFORD.

October 16th, 1694, the town agreed to buy a house and lot of John Ambler for a parsonage, '"provided his price do not exceed £25." In all probability, the spot on which the Presbyterian church (built in 1872) now stands is a part of this original purchase.

"February 21st, 1694-5. The town by uote doth chois John Holmes, Sen., Zachariah Roberts, John Wascott e Daniell Jones to carry on the Sabbath day according to theyr descresion whill they ear other ways provided. 2iidly. The town doth by vote mack choice of Cornelus Selly to carry on the Lord's day along with ye others chosen e yt in Daniell Jones roome.

March 21st, 1698. The inhabitance of the town of Bedford by a maiger uote doth order e agree yt. every acre of land e meadow within the bounds of Bedford that is alooted unto pertickler persons; both improved e not emproved ; that is to say. what, every man doth possess for their one; that man or parson shall pay three pence an acre yearly for evry acre towards the maintaining of a minister amongst us.

March 21st, 1698. The inhabitance of the town of Bedford by a maiger uote doth order e agree yt. every acre of land e meadow within the bounds of Bedford that is alooted unto pertickler persons; both improved e not emproved ; that is to say. what, every man doth possess for their one; that man or parson shall pay three pence an acre yearly for evry acre towards the maintaining of a minister amongst us.

2nly. The town by a maigor uote doth order that this above said uote shall be presented unto the Jenarall Court at Herford, that it may be established as a law for the town of Bedford." Their supplies all seemed to leave them, and "ieneuary 9th, 1698-9: the town by a maigor uote doth order that there shall be a request made to the ministars of the county to inquire for us, e to acquaint us where we may be likely to ataine to a ministar and for his encuredgment we do agre upon serious consideration for his incuredgment to give him a house loot e forty acres of land e medow; e thurty pounds a yer in curant provision pay. Febuarv Sth, 1698-9. The town by a maigor vote doth agree to improve the town loot this year in the town way towards the maintainance of a ministar e to mack theyer fence, now belonging unto ye house loot e euery inhabitant to mack theyer equall sharis up with good sofisiant fine raill fence as it shall be laved out by ye towns men e it is to pass the vewars; -- e the town dos agree to plow, plant e tend the loot in a way of a town rate, e if any refuse or nedgleckt to dew theyr shair of fence up by the fifteenth of march next to come shall pay four shillings a rood to the town men as they may have it dun up as above said.

The town by a maigor vote doth agree to improve the town loot this year in the town way towards the maintainance of a ministar e to mack theyer fence, now belonging unto ye house loot e euery inhabitant to mack theyer equall sharis up with good sofisiant fine raill fence as it shall be laved out by ye towns men e it is to pass the vewars; -- e the town dos agree to plow, plant e tend the loot in a way of a town rate, e if any refuse or nedgleckt to dew theyr shair of fence up by the fifteenth of march next to come shall pay four shillings a rood to the town men as they may have it dun up as above said.

" 16th of December, 1692, David Mead was chosen by the town to keep the town drum, to keep it in repair and to beat it when necessary, and to be allowed 10 shillings yearly."

Prior to the use of bells in New England, the meetings were summoned by beat of drum, or the blowing of the conch shell: to this practice the poet alludes:

"New England's Sabbath day," Is heaven-like, still and pure. Then Israel walks the way Up to the temple's door :

The time we tell,

When there to come,

By beat of dcum,

Or sounding shell.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

In 1699 the town votes to exchange with Stewhen Clason 4 acres of swamp and give him 4 acres of upland if he will "beat the Drum until this day twelve month," the town to keep the drum in repair.

"New England's Sabbath day," Is heaven-like, still and pure. Then Israel walks the way Up to the temple's door :

The time we tell,

When there to come,

By beat of dcum,

Or sounding shell.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

In 1699 the town votes to exchange with Stewhen Clason 4 acres of swamp and give him 4 acres of upland if he will "beat the Drum until this day twelve month," the town to keep the drum in repair.

November 14th, 1699. The town by a maigor note doth grant yt Mr. Copp shall have the use of ye towns land e medow in ye feild this next year without they want it for a ministar."

Their efforts for a minister were successful, for before the close of the year we find these records :

desember; 26 1699: The town by a maigor uote doth agre to give unto Mr. Joseph Morgan upon his comming to carry on ye ministry amongst us, seuerall particklars as followeth for his settlement:

1 ly to give him all yt rit of land e medow which the Town bought of Mr. Ambler e of his son John upon the condisions of his comming and macking his abood three years with us.

2 nly To build him a hotis two story high, twenty-seven foot long e twenty on foots wid with a leantu e a chamber chimbly e the condishans that if Mr Morgan liveth e dyeth with us the house shall be his on e his avers for euer, e otherwise if Mr. Morgan see cause upon any acount to leave us he shall pay to the town the ually of the chardg yt by an acount taken there of shall be giuen.

2 nly To build him a hotis two story high, twenty-seven foot long e twenty on foots wid with a leantu e a chamber chimbly e the condishans that if Mr Morgan liveth e dyeth with us the house shall be his on e his avers for euer, e otherwise if Mr. Morgan see cause upon any acount to leave us he shall pay to the town the ually of the chardg yt by an acount taken there of shall be giuen.

3ly To giue him for maintainance for the first year forty pounds in good currant prouision paye and plant and mannure four acres of Land.

4ly To maniage for years following and till ten acres of Land for winter grain=the produce of ye same for him yerly=& twenty pounds in good currant prouision paye and more hereafter as god shall inable us if he stands in need thereof -- two pounds of the same to be Delivered at Stamford or horse neck, if he Desires it.

5ly. To cut and cart to his Dore all his fire wood from yeare to yeare.

61y to transport him and his famely to bedford or to be at ye charg theire of.

Jenen 1 st. The town by a magor uote ses caus to repeall part of the first and second uote passed desember 26th, '99, e to resarue the hous e the whole homestead to themselves, except Mr. Joseph Morgan liueth & dyeth with us.

2ly. The town by a maiger uote, doth chuse e mack chois of Mr. John Copp, Stephen Clason, John Miller, iuner, Richard Wascott. David Mead for theire commitie, for to agree with Mr. Joseph Morgan for his settlement at Bedford acording to the acts of the town, e to tack the caire of ye whole manigment for his maintinance in case he commeth to dwell with us.

The town by a magor uote ses caus to repeall part of the first and second uote passed desember 26th, '99, e to resarue the hous e the whole homestead to themselves, except Mr. Joseph Morgan liueth & dyeth with us.

2ly. The town by a maiger uote, doth chuse e mack chois of Mr. John Copp, Stephen Clason, John Miller, iuner, Richard Wascott. David Mead for theire commitie, for to agree with Mr. Joseph Morgan for his settlement at Bedford acording to the acts of the town, e to tack the caire of ye whole manigment for his maintinance in case he commeth to dwell with us.

Joseph Morgan was the grandson of James Morgan, who settled in Conn., 1647, with the first settlers. He was the son of Joseph Morgan, born in New London Nov. 6th, 1672, and was graduated at Vale College. During the first year of his settlement he was ordained by the ministers of Fairfield County, and preached a sermon, according to the custom of that time. June 12, 1700, he was indicted under the act of 1693 for settling a ministry, but was acquitted. Two years after, 1702,

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD. 45 •

he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts, as one of the first class of graduates of Yale. When he commenced preaching, contrary to the practice of the times, he used notes, but some of his brethren protested so strongly that he quickly abandoned them. Having ministered at Bedford and during part of the time in the neighboring town of East Chester for nearly four years, he removed to Greenwich, Conn., and preached there till 1708. "It seems that in 1705, to encourage and sustain Mr. Morgan, the right had been granted to him to build a mill at the mouth of Coscob River, now known as Davis's mill.

When he commenced preaching, contrary to the practice of the times, he used notes, but some of his brethren protested so strongly that he quickly abandoned them. Having ministered at Bedford and during part of the time in the neighboring town of East Chester for nearly four years, he removed to Greenwich, Conn., and preached there till 1708. "It seems that in 1705, to encourage and sustain Mr. Morgan, the right had been granted to him to build a mill at the mouth of Coscob River, now known as Davis's mill. He built the mill and went to live near it that he might manage it in person, and see that his peoples grists were well ground. The congregation, after a while, thought his zeal in this matter was rather greater than they had bargained for, especially as his position down at the mill made him inaccessible to the people, and rendered his visits among them angel-like, ' few and far between.' Finding remonstrance, however, vain, they first referred the case to the neighboring ministers, to say what should be done. This showed forbearance on their part. Meanwhile, the good brother, as he had to take his salary, according to the custom of those early times, in grain, and a short allowance at that, thought it wise to stick to his mill. Whereupon the Horseneck people, never wanting in spirit when spirit was called for, grew impatient. They sent their committee, Ebenezer Mead, Joshua Knapp and Caleb Knapp, chief men among them, to press the question to an immediate decision, whether Mr. Morgan would quit personally attending his mill (adding this, perhaps, to all other objections, that a white dress was not in character for a Congregational minister), and attend to the parish. If he would not, they were to strike off his official head at a blow, and provide a successor.

They sent their committee, Ebenezer Mead, Joshua Knapp and Caleb Knapp, chief men among them, to press the question to an immediate decision, whether Mr. Morgan would quit personally attending his mill (adding this, perhaps, to all other objections, that a white dress was not in character for a Congregational minister), and attend to the parish. If he would not, they were to strike off his official head at a blow, and provide a successor. Now the inventions of our day are wonderful, especially in the line of sharp-cutting machines, mowers, reapers, etc.; but our congregations, I will venture to say, have invented no instrument for disposing of refractory ministers that can go ahead of this ecclesiastical guillotine of 1708. Matters were now brought at once to an issue. Mr. Morgan decided to abide by his mill, and the committee decided to consider the I pulpit vacant and provide a successor." He left there, and settled in Freehold, N. J., 1709. In September, 1728, complaints were made against him to the Synod that he practiced astrology, countenanced promiscuous dancing, and transgressed in drink. But these complaints were dismissed for want of proof. He left Freehold and went to Hopewell and Maidenhead. Here he was again charged with intemperance, and was suspended from the ministry ; but he was finally restored through the kindness of some of his brethren. He published many of

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

his sermons and treatises on other topics. He preached a funeral sermon on the death of his son, Joseph, who was graduated at Yale in 1723, and died one year after. His text, Ps. cxxxvii. 1, and Job x. 2. Nothing is heard of Mr. Morgan after 1740. His name disappears from the minutes of Synod. In 1702-3, the people called the Rev.

Here he was again charged with intemperance, and was suspended from the ministry ; but he was finally restored through the kindness of some of his brethren. He published many of

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

his sermons and treatises on other topics. He preached a funeral sermon on the death of his son, Joseph, who was graduated at Yale in 1723, and died one year after. His text, Ps. cxxxvii. 1, and Job x. 2. Nothing is heard of Mr. Morgan after 1740. His name disappears from the minutes of Synod. In 1702-3, the people called the Rev. John Jones, and here we have the first regular call on the part of the people to a minister, and his reply in his own words, which have come down to us as a precious relic of nearly two hundred years ago :

" Desember 7th, 1702, the town by a unanimis uote doth Mr. John Jones thanks for his labors with us the day past in ye work of ye ministry, ami if ye sd Mr. Jones acording to our unighted desires continueth in ye work aforesd three months among us, then we, ye sd town, will pay him ye sum of teen pounds in money or equivalent to money upon ye account of our furder acquaintance, he with us & we with him in order to settle him, ye said Mr. Jones with us, if we & he agree at ye three months' end." Mr. Jones, his answer:

John Jones thanks for his labors with us the day past in ye work of ye ministry, ami if ye sd Mr. Jones acording to our unighted desires continueth in ye work aforesd three months among us, then we, ye sd town, will pay him ye sum of teen pounds in money or equivalent to money upon ye account of our furder acquaintance, he with us & we with him in order to settle him, ye said Mr. Jones with us, if we & he agree at ye three months' end." Mr. Jones, his answer:

To my christian friends and neighbors, the inhabitants of ye town of Bedford, after dew salutations to you premised ; wishing grace, marcye and peace from God ye Father & from ye lord Jesus Christ, may be multiplyed towards you & yours, these lines are to intermate yt yours I received from ye hands of your worthy messengers, Mr. Roberts, justice of ye peace, Mr. Miller and Mr. John Holmes.

I unfainedly bless God and thank you for your grateful acceptance of my labors in ye ministry among you yesterday, and do desire yt you and I may be more and more faithful in eury good work to ye glory of His name and our mutuall edification and comfort, and I do here furder intermate yt I have no objecktion to make to your proposalls for my incouragement in ye work of Christ among you, but accept them humbly and thankfully, and shall by ye Lord's help, without whome I can do nothing, ingadge in your seruice, yt God as I appryhend calls me unto for a quarter of a year among yourselves, begging your prayers that I may grow in gifts and grace and yt my poor labors may be blessed for ye promoting of ye spirituall and eternall wellfair of your precious and emortal souls, which will be to me great joy and comfort which is in all haste, from your friend and servant, for Christ's sake.

I unfainedly bless God and thank you for your grateful acceptance of my labors in ye ministry among you yesterday, and do desire yt you and I may be more and more faithful in eury good work to ye glory of His name and our mutuall edification and comfort, and I do here furder intermate yt I have no objecktion to make to your proposalls for my incouragement in ye work of Christ among you, but accept them humbly and thankfully, and shall by ye Lord's help, without whome I can do nothing, ingadge in your seruice, yt God as I appryhend calls me unto for a quarter of a year among yourselves, begging your prayers that I may grow in gifts and grace and yt my poor labors may be blessed for ye promoting of ye spirituall and eternall wellfair of your precious and emortal souls, which will be to me great joy and comfort which is in all haste, from your friend and servant, for Christ's sake.

John Jones, from my study Bedford, Desember 7th, 1702.

A true copy received from Mr. Jones which I received and entered.

Zachakiau Roberts, Clark.

After the three months had expired, it seems that the people desired to continue Mr. Jones as their minister, as we learn from the following recorded correspondence:

Feb. 15th, 1702-3, the town by a unanimous vote doth agree to give unto Mr. John Jones minister of ye gospell, all yt right of land and

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD. 47

John Jones, from my study Bedford, Desember 7th, 1702.

A true copy received from Mr. Jones which I received and entered.

Zachakiau Roberts, Clark.

After the three months had expired, it seems that the people desired to continue Mr. Jones as their minister, as we learn from the following recorded correspondence:

Feb. 15th, 1702-3, the town by a unanimous vote doth agree to give unto Mr. John Jones minister of ye gospell, all yt right of land and

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD. 47

meadow with ye house and home loot which ye town bought of Mr. Ambler upon ye account yt sd. Mr. Jones settle with us in Bedford and carryeth on ye work of ye ministry among us -- and forty pounds a year for his maintenance in speshe as followeth -- that is to say -- winterwheat at 4s. 6d. prbushell, ry 3s. pr bushell, llax 6d. pr pound, beef one penny half-penny pr pound, pork two pence half-penny pr pound. And in case Mr. John Jones continueth with us until he be settled and ordained in gospell order amongst us, then ye above sd house, land and medovv to be his owne for him & his forever; as witness our hands thus underwritten: Zachariah Roberts Clark, John Miller, John Holmes, sen'r, Cornelius Seely, John Holmes, Jr., Richard Holmes. Richard Wcscott, Nathan Clark, Cornelius Seely, Junr., Jonathan Holmes, David Miller, John Wescott, David Holmes, Zachariah Roberts, Jun'r, Joseph Hunt, Jno. Dibbell, Thomas Howard, Joseph Palmer.

REV. JOHN JONES' REPLY. TO THE INHABITANTS OF BEDFORD.

John Jones continueth with us until he be settled and ordained in gospell order amongst us, then ye above sd house, land and medovv to be his owne for him & his forever; as witness our hands thus underwritten: Zachariah Roberts Clark, John Miller, John Holmes, sen'r, Cornelius Seely, John Holmes, Jr., Richard Holmes. Richard Wcscott, Nathan Clark, Cornelius Seely, Junr., Jonathan Holmes, David Miller, John Wescott, David Holmes, Zachariah Roberts, Jun'r, Joseph Hunt, Jno. Dibbell, Thomas Howard, Joseph Palmer.

REV. JOHN JONES' REPLY. TO THE INHABITANTS OF BEDFORD.

My Oood Friends:

These are in answer to your unanimous motion made unto me respecting the work of the ministry to be carried on in your place; that having endeavoured at Due consideration of the motion I apprehend encouridgment on the one hand And Discouridgment on the other ; eucouridging To me Are my own Affection. Altho unworthy According to my poor capacity in that way to be serving the interest of my Dearest Lord and Master. And if I maybe profitable to the eternall good of Precious and Immortal! Soules, witli which is to Be Added in Relation to your Place, your unanimous Agreement, And good Affection manifested During my Late Short Abode with you. And your uneversal Desires of my further Improvement in that Sacred Lnployment with you; Discouridgeing to me is the uncertain face of things with Respect to the government's allowance and appropriation of my improvement freed from any Impositions which I doe comply with, however in fine my thoughts are these, that soe long as I may Diserne the Providence of God going Before, Guiding and Directing me continuing your good Affections to my Service, And Reasonable Encouridgement and Support, preventing and Diverting any snares or yoke uneasy to my conscience, your Precious and Dear Souls, To Be Dillegent in the ministerial Improvement Among you.

And your uneversal Desires of my further Improvement in that Sacred Lnployment with you; Discouridgeing to me is the uncertain face of things with Respect to the government's allowance and appropriation of my improvement freed from any Impositions which I doe comply with, however in fine my thoughts are these, that soe long as I may Diserne the Providence of God going Before, Guiding and Directing me continuing your good Affections to my Service, And Reasonable Encouridgement and Support, preventing and Diverting any snares or yoke uneasy to my conscience, your Precious and Dear Souls, To Be Dillegent in the ministerial Improvement Among you. And to Banish all thoughts of the neglecting you, or Deserting the Spirituall work and Employment by you desired, this I conceive the Present needful, from your Affectionate friend and Enclined to Be According to Power -- which (with thankful acceptance of your late Proposalls for my Encouragement In Christ's Service Among you) is All from your Absent friend And Servant for Christ's Sake-- JOHN JONES.

Given in Att a Publick Town Meeting at Bedford upon their Desires of my i Answer [ Aprill ve 2d 1703 J. J.

November 30th, 1703, the town by a maijor vote doth make chois of Jonathan Miller, Na»han Clark John Holmes Jr. and Jonathan Holmes

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

to take a list and make Mr. Jones his this year's rate and to gather it for him.

March 5th 1704-5 the town by a maijor vote chuseth Nathan Clark, Colleckter to geather Mr Jones, his half year rate.

Given in Att a Publick Town Meeting at Bedford upon their Desires of my i Answer [ Aprill ve 2d 1703 J. J.

November 30th, 1703, the town by a maijor vote doth make chois of Jonathan Miller, Na»han Clark John Holmes Jr. and Jonathan Holmes

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

to take a list and make Mr. Jones his this year's rate and to gather it for him.

March 5th 1704-5 the town by a maijor vote chuseth Nathan Clark, Colleckter to geather Mr Jones, his half year rate.

John Jones was the eldest son of the Rev. John Jones "a man of some note in the early history of the New England churches," pastor of the Congregational society at Fairfield, Conn. He was born at Concord in 1639 and graduated at Harvard College0 after preaching there a short time finally went to Greenwich.

Very little is known of the history of the Presbyterian Church in Bedford for the next sixteen years; in the meantime the church had changed its form of government, from that of Independent to that of Presbyterian. Who supplied the people with the gospel, we have not been able to find out; but God preserved and fostered the little band of Christian men and women, while they planted their feet upon the good sound scriptural principles of Presbyterianism : Here they stood, fortified by faith and prayer, until God heard and answered, and sent them from far over the sea a man after His own heart, to break unto them the Bread of Life.

Who supplied the people with the gospel, we have not been able to find out; but God preserved and fostered the little band of Christian men and women, while they planted their feet upon the good sound scriptural principles of Presbyterianism : Here they stood, fortified by faith and prayer, until God heard and answered, and sent them from far over the sea a man after His own heart, to break unto them the Bread of Life.

May $d, 1720. -- Rev. William Tennent was invited here to preach the gospel. It is not certain whether he was ever regularly installed -- probably not, as he united first with the Presbyter)' of Philadelphia after he left here -- for he remained here only a short time. The church, in all probability, belonged at this time to the Presbyter)- of Long Island, which numbered but two or three ministers, and it was not convenient then, as now, to hold a meeting of the Presbytery. Mr. Tennent was born in Ireland in 1673, where he received a liberal education at Trinity College, Dublin, and where also he entered the ministry of the Protestant Episcopal Church and afterward became a dissenter and a Presbyterian from conviction. He was first settled in East Chester, New York. From there he came to Bedford, and from Bedford, after a little more than a year's labor, he went to Bensalem and Smithfield churches, in Pennsylvania. From there he accepted a call to Neshaminy, 1726, where a rich man, by the name of Logan, a relative of his, gave him fifty acres or land, on the Neshaminy Creek, on which to locate and carry on a school, which he had already commenced. Here he built a small house, about twenty feet square, mostly of logs, rudely

From there he came to Bedford, and from Bedford, after a little more than a year's labor, he went to Bensalem and Smithfield churches, in Pennsylvania. From there he accepted a call to Neshaminy, 1726, where a rich man, by the name of Logan, a relative of his, gave him fifty acres or land, on the Neshaminy Creek, on which to locate and carry on a school, which he had already commenced. Here he built a small house, about twenty feet square, mostly of logs, rudely

a The will of Rev. John Jones Pastor of the Chnvch of Fairfield in New England is recorded in that place. In it he mentions his wife Susanna, six children. John Eliphalet. four daughters, Sarah Wilson, widow, ninth Jones), Rebeckah Hull, Elizabeth Kill. To his eldest son John Jones, he leaves part of his library to whit the works of St. Augustine, Cbrysostom, and other Authors usually railed the '• Father's." Mr. Gold ami Mr. Tell of Fairfield were appointed overseers there on Jan'rv 17th, low. Fairfield Book of Rec vol. ii p. 6, 1005, 1675.

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

shaped, cut out of the woods from the very spot where the house was erected; and being skilled in the Latin language, so as to speak and write it almost as well as his mother tongue, he continued his school, and educated some of the first and most eminent ministers that ever adorned the American pulpit. This was called the Log College, out of contempt, by its enemies. Every vestige of it has long since passed a\vay,but this was the germ whence sprung Princeton College, with all its vast influence and renown, giving character in a great measure to the intelligence and usefulness of the learned men in this country. Mr. Tennent continued till the close of life in Neshaminy, where he died May 6th, 17-16, aged seventy three years.

shaped, cut out of the woods from the very spot where the house was erected; and being skilled in the Latin language, so as to speak and write it almost as well as his mother tongue, he continued his school, and educated some of the first and most eminent ministers that ever adorned the American pulpit. This was called the Log College, out of contempt, by its enemies. Every vestige of it has long since passed a\vay,but this was the germ whence sprung Princeton College, with all its vast influence and renown, giving character in a great measure to the intelligence and usefulness of the learned men in this country. Mr. Tennent continued till the close of life in Neshaminy, where he died May 6th, 17-16, aged seventy three years.

While Mr. Tennent was settled in Bedford, through the munificence and liberality of the people, he became possessor of some land, which his son Gilbert, in his last will and testament, gave to the Trustees of the Presbyterian Society of Bedford; for on the records of the town we find the following minute:

"May 16: 1749. Gilbert Tennent of Philadelphia in the Colony of Pennsylvania, Gentlemen ; Son and heir at law unto Rev. William Tennent, formerly of Bedford in Westchester County, in the Colony of New York, but lately of Neshamina, in the Colony of Pensilvania, deceased, for the promoting and supporting of the Gospel of Jesus Christ according and under the Presbyterian Discipline, in the above said Bedford, gave to John Holmes, John Miller and Zebediah Mills, trustees, and their successors, several pieces of land formerly possessed by his Reverend Father for the use and support of the ministry.

William Tennent, formerly of Bedford in Westchester County, in the Colony of New York, but lately of Neshamina, in the Colony of Pensilvania, deceased, for the promoting and supporting of the Gospel of Jesus Christ according and under the Presbyterian Discipline, in the above said Bedford, gave to John Holmes, John Miller and Zebediah Mills, trustees, and their successors, several pieces of land formerly possessed by his Reverend Father for the use and support of the ministry.

DEED OF GIFT TO PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

To all those people to whom these presents shall come sendeth greeting. Know yee, that I, Gilhert Tennent, of Philadelphia, in Colony of Pennsylvania, gentleman, son and heir-in-law uuto Rev. Mr. William Tennent, formerly of Bedford, in Westchester County in the Colony of New York, but lately of Nashamina, in the Colony of Pennsylvania, deceased, have for divers good reasons to me there unto moving, but more especially for the promoting and supporting the Gospel of Jesus Christ according to and under the Presbyterian Discipline in thu above said Bedford, given, granted, quitted, devised, enfeofed, quit claim and make over unto John Holmes and John Miller, Esqs., Zebediah Mills, yeolnan, all of the above said Bedford as hereafter mentioned, formerly possessed by my Reverend Father, viz., one house and home lot containing by estimation about ten acres ; two lots in the east field containing eight acres each ; one piece on the south side of Mahanns River, containing by estimation twelve acres; three acres on a plain called South Plain ; one acre and a quarter in a meadow called Theal's meadow ; one and a half acre in a meadow called David's Hill meadow, two acres and a half in a meadow called the great meadow, &c., &c.

William Tennent, formerly of Bedford, in Westchester County in the Colony of New York, but lately of Nashamina, in the Colony of Pennsylvania, deceased, have for divers good reasons to me there unto moving, but more especially for the promoting and supporting the Gospel of Jesus Christ according to and under the Presbyterian Discipline in thu above said Bedford, given, granted, quitted, devised, enfeofed, quit claim and make over unto John Holmes and John Miller, Esqs., Zebediah Mills, yeolnan, all of the above said Bedford as hereafter mentioned, formerly possessed by my Reverend Father, viz., one house and home lot containing by estimation about ten acres ; two lots in the east field containing eight acres each ; one piece on the south side of Mahanns River, containing by estimation twelve acres; three acres on a plain called South Plain ; one acre and a quarter in a meadow called Theal's meadow ; one and a half acre in a meadow called David's Hill meadow, two acres and a half in a meadow called the great meadow, &c., &c.

Dated 16th May. 1749.*

a Bedford's Record*, Book Xo. 3, p. 99.

5°

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

From time to time the Trustees have sold the land belonging to the parsonage, which formerly consisted of a large Tract, for the more profitable use of the minister, until there is not more than eight or ten acres left at the present date, May 27, 1874."

After Mr. Tennent, in 1721, there is no certainty as to who preached here until 1740, when the Rev. Robert Sturgeon was minister in Bedford. He was a native of Scotland. He left his native place under some embarrassment and came to New England, and was licensed by a council greatly to the regret of Cotton Mather, by reason of his conduct here and at home.

From time to time the Trustees have sold the land belonging to the parsonage, which formerly consisted of a large Tract, for the more profitable use of the minister, until there is not more than eight or ten acres left at the present date, May 27, 1874."

After Mr. Tennent, in 1721, there is no certainty as to who preached here until 1740, when the Rev. Robert Sturgeon was minister in Bedford. He was a native of Scotland. He left his native place under some embarrassment and came to New England, and was licensed by a council greatly to the regret of Cotton Mather, by reason of his conduct here and at home. He is said, in President Stile's Papers, to have been settled in Bedford, N. Y., for twelve years. But here seems a discrepancy in the history of those times, for the Presbyter)- of New Brunswick installed here, in 1743, the Rev. Samuel Sacket. This would hardly seem probable if Mr. Sturgeon still sustained any relation to the people ; but, says Mr. Webster, the historian, when so many other ties were sundered rudely, even this unbrotherly act may have been committed. Mr. Sturgeon was present in 1745, at the first meeting of the Synod of New York, as a member of the New York Presbytery. His name is not mentioned after 1750, and where he finally settled and died we have not the means at hand of knowing.

The next minister of the Presbyterian Church was Rev. Samuel Sacket, son of the Rev. Richard Sacket, minister of the Second Society of Greenwich in 17 i7,who was, in all probability, installed pastor here by the Presbytery of New Brunswick. He acted also as a sort of missionary n this part of the country, and in 1747 Crumpond obtained his services for half of his time; he supplied Salem, also, and Peekskill.

His name is not mentioned after 1750, and where he finally settled and died we have not the means at hand of knowing.

The next minister of the Presbyterian Church was Rev. Samuel Sacket, son of the Rev. Richard Sacket, minister of the Second Society of Greenwich in 17 i7,who was, in all probability, installed pastor here by the Presbytery of New Brunswick. He acted also as a sort of missionary n this part of the country, and in 1747 Crumpond obtained his services for half of his time; he supplied Salem, also, and Peekskill. In December 1749, he was released from his labors in Crumpond, now York town, and gave the whole of his time to Bedford ; but resigned the care of the Church here in April 4th, 1753, the affections of the people being alienated from him after ten years' labor. He left here and settled at once over the Church of Hanover in Cortland Manor. He was dismissed from here on April 1st, 1760, and the next year was installed again in Crumpond. The Church Missionary of Hanover, immediately wrote to England that the new light preacher had left them. Mr. Sacket had a great deal of trouble with his brethren in the Presbytery, as he differed widely from them in both the doctrines and government of the Church. He preached for twenty years in Yorktown or Crumpond, and finally died there June 5th, 1784 His tomb in the cemetery bears record that he was judicious, faithful, laborious and successful in his ministry.

The Church Missionary of Hanover, immediately wrote to England that the new light preacher had left them. Mr. Sacket had a great deal of trouble with his brethren in the Presbytery, as he differed widely from them in both the doctrines and government of the Church. He preached for twenty years in Yorktown or Crumpond, and finally died there June 5th, 1784 His tomb in the cemetery bears record that he was judicious, faithful, laborious and successful in his ministry.

On the resignation or Mr. Sacket in 1753, the Rev. Eliphalet Ball was called as pastor, and was installed Dec. 31st, 1754. He created quite

Tin; town of nr.DRiki).

5r

a division and difficulty in the church, and was finally dismissed Dec. 21st, 1758. He died in Balston in 1797. After one year's vacancy, Dec. 13th, 1769, the Rev. Samuel Mills was installed pastor of Bedford Church, and remained until May 18th, 1786, when the Presbytery of Dutchess County met and dissolved the relation between him and the church, and the same day installed the Rev. John Davenport as pastor of the Church. But Mr. Mills, though nominally pastor of the church from 1769 to 1786, was absent from the charge for several years -- having been driven from Bedford by the distressing circumstances attending the war. In the meantime, their former pastor, Rev. Eliphalet Ball returned and assumed the supply and charge of the church, and remained in this connection till 1784 when he was dismissed. Mr. Ball having spent four years at Amity, in Woodbridge, Conn., removed to Saratoga County New York, 1788, taking with him a part of his Bedford congregation. The settlement for a long time was called Ball Town, now Ballston.

Mills, though nominally pastor of the church from 1769 to 1786, was absent from the charge for several years -- having been driven from Bedford by the distressing circumstances attending the war. In the meantime, their former pastor, Rev. Eliphalet Ball returned and assumed the supply and charge of the church, and remained in this connection till 1784 when he was dismissed. Mr. Ball having spent four years at Amity, in Woodbridge, Conn., removed to Saratoga County New York, 1788, taking with him a part of his Bedford congregation. The settlement for a long time was called Ball Town, now Ballston.

Mr. Ball was the stated supply of this church in the stormy times of the American Revolution, when the people were struggling for their independence. When the old church, built in 1680, was burned to the ground, having stood an hundred years, and having proved amiable to the hearts of the people of God for a century, they stood silently by and saw it reduced to ashes by the British army under Lieut. Col. Tarleton. An old veteran still lingering among us, almost ninety years old, remembers having heard her mother say she saw the smoke of the old church rising to heaven, as sweet and holy incense, as the timbers yielded to the devouring element, though living a mile and a half distant. Mr. Ball saw his own house (the parsonage), his church, and the entire village reduced to ashes by the British troops; but he lived to see anew house of worship built on a more commanding spot, and no doubt on a larger scale; so that the latter house exceeded the former in its external proportions, if not in the internal manifestations of the spirit of God. We have reason to believe that the records of the church kept in the parsonage were destroyed with it, as we have no records of the church preserved until after peace was declared.

Ball saw his own house (the parsonage), his church, and the entire village reduced to ashes by the British troops; but he lived to see anew house of worship built on a more commanding spot, and no doubt on a larger scale; so that the latter house exceeded the former in its external proportions, if not in the internal manifestations of the spirit of God. We have reason to believe that the records of the church kept in the parsonage were destroyed with it, as we have no records of the church preserved until after peace was declared.

The elders of the church when the second house of worship was built, were Ebenezer Miller, Jacob Smith, Moses St. John, and soon after were added Eli Tyler, Justus Harris, Peter Fleming, Stephen Benedict and Joseph Owen.

Rev. Samuel Mills, who was nominally the pastor of the church, though not present continually from 1769 to 1786, was the son of Rev. Zedediah Mills, of Ripton. He was graduated at Yale College in 1765. In 1782 he was preaching at Patterson (then Fredericksburg), and there he

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

continued till 1789, when he joined the Anabaptists and was dismissed from connection with the Presbytery. He died in 1815.

In 1783, Capt. Lewis M. Donald gave to the Presbyterian Society the land on which the second house of worship was built. Here is the deed of gift as recorded in the town records:

DEED OF GIFT FOR SITE OF SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

In 1782 he was preaching at Patterson (then Fredericksburg), and there he

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

continued till 1789, when he joined the Anabaptists and was dismissed from connection with the Presbytery. He died in 1815.

In 1783, Capt. Lewis M. Donald gave to the Presbyterian Society the land on which the second house of worship was built. Here is the deed of gift as recorded in the town records:

DEED OF GIFT FOR SITE OF SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

" To all christian People to whom these presents shall come, Greeting. Know ye that I Lewis M. Donald, formerly of Bedford in Westchester Co., state of New York but now a Resident of Long Island, for certain causes me thereunto moving & out of Love & Affection for the Encouragement of Virtue and the propigation of the gospel, do hereby Bequeath & give unto the Presbyterian Society of Bedford iu county & State abovesaid & to their Heirs & Successors forever, as long as they shall Remain a Society and as long as they shall stand in Want of a House of Public Worship or a Spot of Ground to Erect a House of Worship thereon, one half acre of Land, Situate & Lying & being in the Township of Bedford in the County & State aforesaid, Bounded (as follows. Lying on an Eminence above the spot of ground where the former meeting House stood) Easterly by the Road that Runs from the Town to Cantito, Westerly, Northerly and Southerly by my own Land which land was purchased of John Eliot. Reference being had to the original conveyance to have & to hold the above Bequeathed & given Spot of Laud with all & singular the rights and privileges thereunto belonging -- to the above mentioned Society, to their Heirs and Successors, agreeable to the above mentioned Terms and Conditions, and also I the said Lewis M Donald, do for myself, my Heirs and assigns, Covenant with the said Society, their Heirs & successors, that at and until the Ensealing of these presents, I am well seized of the Premesis as a good indefeaseable Estate in fee simple and have good Right to Dispose of the same in manner & form above written, & the same is free of all Incumbrance whatsoever, and furthermore I, the said Lewis M Donald, do by these presents bind myself & my Heirs to Warrant and defend to the above Coveneanted premises to the said Society, their Heirs & successors against all claims and Demands Whatsoever, in Testimony & confirmation of which I have hereunto set my Hand & seal this the sixth Day of August in the year of our Lord christ one thousand seven hundred and Eighty & three and the Seventh year of our Independence.

Reference being had to the original conveyance to have & to hold the above Bequeathed & given Spot of Laud with all & singular the rights and privileges thereunto belonging -- to the above mentioned Society, to their Heirs and Successors, agreeable to the above mentioned Terms and Conditions, and also I the said Lewis M Donald, do for myself, my Heirs and assigns, Covenant with the said Society, their Heirs & successors, that at and until the Ensealing of these presents, I am well seized of the Premesis as a good indefeaseable Estate in fee simple and have good Right to Dispose of the same in manner & form above written, & the same is free of all Incumbrance whatsoever, and furthermore I, the said Lewis M Donald, do by these presents bind myself & my Heirs to Warrant and defend to the above Coveneanted premises to the said Society, their Heirs & successors against all claims and Demands Whatsoever, in Testimony & confirmation of which I have hereunto set my Hand & seal this the sixth Day of August in the year of our Lord christ one thousand seven hundred and Eighty & three and the Seventh year of our Independence.

LEWIS M DONALD. ***«

in the presence of

Stephen Cornwell Mary CoRiWEii."

On the back of this old document we have this record:

"Be it Remembered that on the 14th day of June 1792, personally appeared before me, Ebenezer Lockwood Esquire, first Judge of the Court of Common pleas iu & for the County of Westchester, the within named Lewis M Donald the grantcr to the within deed of gift and acknowledged that he signed & sealed

LEWIS M DONALD. ***«

in the presence of

Stephen Cornwell Mary CoRiWEii."

On the back of this old document we have this record:

"Be it Remembered that on the 14th day of June 1792, personally appeared before me, Ebenezer Lockwood Esquire, first Judge of the Court of Common pleas iu & for the County of Westchester, the within named Lewis M Donald the grantcr to the within deed of gift and acknowledged that he signed & sealed

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

& Delivered the same as bis free & Voluntary act & Deed and having Examined the same and finding no material mistake, Erasure or Interlineation Do allow the same to be recorded. Eukn Lockwood."

The records of the town inform us that the town meeting of 1784 and 5 were held in the meeting house. The judges of the court of common pleas and the supervisors of the county held their meetings May 9th, 1786, in the Presbyterian meeting-house in Bedford, so that we have conclusive proof that this second house of worship was built where it now stands, but which has been vacated by the people for one larger and more commodious, built on the ground owned by the church next to the parsonage.

In 1785 the Presbyterian Society was incorporated by the name of the Trustees for the Presbyterian Church and Congregation of Bedford, to be governed in Discipline and Worship according to the Directory of the now established Church of Scotland. The first Trustees elected were Zebediah Mills, Israel Lyon and Joseph Owen. These were men, no doubt, who were prominent in erecting the church in 1789.

The judges of the court of common pleas and the supervisors of the county held their meetings May 9th, 1786, in the Presbyterian meeting-house in Bedford, so that we have conclusive proof that this second house of worship was built where it now stands, but which has been vacated by the people for one larger and more commodious, built on the ground owned by the church next to the parsonage.

In 1785 the Presbyterian Society was incorporated by the name of the Trustees for the Presbyterian Church and Congregation of Bedford, to be governed in Discipline and Worship according to the Directory of the now established Church of Scotland. The first Trustees elected were Zebediah Mills, Israel Lyon and Joseph Owen. These were men, no doubt, who were prominent in erecting the church in 1789.

The next minister called here was Rev. John Devenport, May i8th) 1786. He was born in Philippi, New Jersey, Aug. nth, 1752, graduated at the college of New Jersey, in 1769, and studied theology partly under Dr. Bellamy and partly under Dr. Buel, of East Hampton, Long Island. He was ordained by the Presbytery of Long Island, and served the congregation of Southhold as stated supply for two years. From Southhold he came to Bedford, and settled May 18th, 1786, and remained here a faithful and godly minister for five years. Leaving here, he was called to Deerfield, New Jersey, and settled there Aug. 1 2th, 1795. He remained there ten years, and was dismissed on account of failing health. He finally became a home missionary in Western New York, and died in Lysander, July 13th, 1821, an amiable and excellent man.

He was ordained by the Presbytery of Long Island, and served the congregation of Southhold as stated supply for two years. From Southhold he came to Bedford, and settled May 18th, 1786, and remained here a faithful and godly minister for five years. Leaving here, he was called to Deerfield, New Jersey, and settled there Aug. 1 2th, 1795. He remained there ten years, and was dismissed on account of failing health. He finally became a home missionary in Western New York, and died in Lysander, July 13th, 1821, an amiable and excellent man.

In June, 1792, Rev. Isaac Foster was settled here, and remained not more than two years. We are in possession of the original subscription list, with the amount promised by each subscriber for the support of Mr. Foster for one year, commencing March 22d, 1792, in £. s.d., and here we find the names of ancestors of families still residing in Bedford -- the Millers, Mills, Holmes, Clarks, Lyons, Benedicts, French, Ambler, etc Mr. Foster remained probably two years and left, as tradition reports, with his name and that of his wife in bad repute. But we know nothing of the place whence he came, or whither he went, or where he died. Then came a most excellent man, the Rev. Samuel Blatchford, who preached here for some time as stated supply, refusing

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

to settle permanently. He was an Englishman, and was invited here by a committee appointed by the church, from Topsham, England, to settle here with the people in Bedford. He resigned his charge in Topsham, and sailed at once for this country. The captain of the vessel on which he sailed was present and heard his farewell sermon in Topsham, and so deeply was he affected by it, that he immediately offered to take him and his family at a greatly reduced price, that he might have the benefit of his instructions during the passage; though previous to that, the price talked of was so much beyond Mr.

He resigned his charge in Topsham, and sailed at once for this country. The captain of the vessel on which he sailed was present and heard his farewell sermon in Topsham, and so deeply was he affected by it, that he immediately offered to take him and his family at a greatly reduced price, that he might have the benefit of his instructions during the passage; though previous to that, the price talked of was so much beyond Mr. Blatchford's means that he almost regretted having projected the enterprise. He left his native shores on the 19th of June, 1795, and arrived within the Hook at New York on the 1st day of August. Without any unnecessary delay he made his way to Bedford, the anticipated field of his labors, but several adverse circumstances occurred in connection with his arrival here which occasioned his disappointment and even despondency. The most mortifying thing of allwas, that one of the individuals with whom he had corresponded informed him that, as his arrival had been delayed beyond their expectations, they had actually filled the place, and a Mr. Benedict was engaged to supply the pulpit for one year. When Mr. Benedict, however, came to understand the circumstances of the case, he generously insisted on withdrawing in favor of Mr. Blatchford; but the result was that they were both retained to supply alternately the congregations of Bedford and Poundridge. At the next meeting of the Presbytery of Hudson, to which the congregations then belonged, Mr. Blatchford, giving assent to the Presbyterian Confession of Faith and form of government, was appointed the sole supply for Bedford, as many Sabbaths as convenient for him. But in 1 796 he received a call to Greenfield, Conn., in the church that was formerly in charge of the Rev.

Blatchford; but the result was that they were both retained to supply alternately the congregations of Bedford and Poundridge. At the next meeting of the Presbytery of Hudson, to which the congregations then belonged, Mr. Blatchford, giving assent to the Presbyterian Confession of Faith and form of government, was appointed the sole supply for Bedford, as many Sabbaths as convenient for him. But in 1 796 he received a call to Greenfield, Conn., in the church that was formerly in charge of the Rev. Dr. Dwight. In 1 797, he was invited to the church at Stratford (now Bridgeport), to preach for them six months with reference to a final settlement. He was finally installed here and remained for a number of years both as a preacher and a teacher in an Academy built by his special request. In 1 S04 he was invited to take charge of the Churches of Lansingburgh and Waterford, in the State of New York, where he remained for seven years and died March 17th, 1828, in the sixty-second year of his age and the forty-first year of his ministry. Dr. Nott, president of Union College preached his funeral sermon. He was the father of seventeen children, of these, seven died before him ; two of his sons were ministers, one a physician, and one a lawyer -- all respectable and useful in their professions. After Mr. Blatchford left, the Rev. Josiah Henderson of Martha's Vineyard, was called as pastor and installed over the church by the Presbytery of

In 1 S04 he was invited to take charge of the Churches of Lansingburgh and Waterford, in the State of New York, where he remained for seven years and died March 17th, 1828, in the sixty-second year of his age and the forty-first year of his ministry. Dr. Nott, president of Union College preached his funeral sermon. He was the father of seventeen children, of these, seven died before him ; two of his sons were ministers, one a physician, and one a lawyer -- all respectable and useful in their professions. After Mr. Blatchford left, the Rev. Josiah Henderson of Martha's Vineyard, was called as pastor and installed over the church by the Presbytery of

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

Hudson, Nov. 15th, 1798, and remained just five years. He was dismissed Nov. 3d, 1 803. The elders of the Church were then Moses St. John, Justus Harris, Ely Tyler, Peter Fleming, Joseph Owen and Stephen Benedict, all most venerable, pious men. Rev. Ebenezer Grant succeeded Rev. Mr. Henderson and was installed Sept. 20th, 1 804. He preached here for seventeen years. He was a native of New Jersey and came here from the Presbytery of New Brunswick. He was a faithful, good man, but his labors were not abundantly blessed. At his death, the session of the church made this record to their deceased pastor:

"Be it remembered that on the 6th day of September, 182 1, the Rev. Eben. Grant, having fulfilled his ministry, closed the scene of life, and sleeps with his fathers, being buried in the town of Bedford, in the burying ground in the village."

He was a native of New Jersey and came here from the Presbytery of New Brunswick. He was a faithful, good man, but his labors were not abundantly blessed. At his death, the session of the church made this record to their deceased pastor:

"Be it remembered that on the 6th day of September, 182 1, the Rev. Eben. Grant, having fulfilled his ministry, closed the scene of life, and sleeps with his fathers, being buried in the town of Bedford, in the burying ground in the village."

Rev. Dr. Isaac Lewis, of Greenwich, preached his funeral sermon from Rev. xiv : 13. "And I heard a voice from Heaven saying unto me, Write, Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord from henceforth: Yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labors; and their works do follow them." His remains lie beneath the green sward under the cliff, where the ground is terraced gradually up to the overhanging rocks, and on the broad marble slab marking this interesting spot, the sculptor has engraven these words:

Sacred to the memory of the REVD. EBENEZER GRANT,

17 years minister of the Presbyterian Church in Bedford, who departed this life September 6, 1821, Aged 48 Years.

'• Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from henceforth : yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labors ; and their works do follow them."-- Rkv. xiv : 13.

There is not an individual member of the church living, who was present when Rev. Mr. Grant was installed here. Officers and private members have all passed away. And there is only one member of the church living who followed their beloved pastor to his grave and saw his remains deposited in their mother dust. Our fathers, where are they ? and the prophets, do they live forever?

'• Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from henceforth : yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labors ; and their works do follow them."-- Rkv. xiv : 13.

There is not an individual member of the church living, who was present when Rev. Mr. Grant was installed here. Officers and private members have all passed away. And there is only one member of the church living who followed their beloved pastor to his grave and saw his remains deposited in their mother dust. Our fathers, where are they ? and the prophets, do they live forever? Only a few months elapsed before the church was again supplied with a pastor. April 16, 1822, the Rev. Jacob Green was called and installed pastor of this church, and remained here a faithful standard-bearer, a consistent, godly and acceptable

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

preacher for twenty-seven years. Mr Green was a graduate of Rutger's College, N. J., and studied theology at the Princeton Theological Seminary, which he entered the first year it opened, in 1812, and remained two years. He was a native of Hanover, N. J., and was first settled in Suckasunny, N. J. Leaving this, his first charge, he was afterwards appointed a domestic missionary in Western Virginia, where he was married. From this field, he was called to take charge of the Presbyterian church of this place, April 16, 1822. Mr. Green was the nephew of the venerable and distinguished Ashbel Green, one of the former Presidents of Princeton College, and author of some valuable theological works. The labors of Mr. Green in the church, as many now living are ready to bear witness, were greatly blessed. The church by his fidelity was greatly enlarged, and many new plans were adopted for its greater efficiency at home and in the foreign fields.

From this field, he was called to take charge of the Presbyterian church of this place, April 16, 1822. Mr. Green was the nephew of the venerable and distinguished Ashbel Green, one of the former Presidents of Princeton College, and author of some valuable theological works. The labors of Mr. Green in the church, as many now living are ready to bear witness, were greatly blessed. The church by his fidelity was greatly enlarged, and many new plans were adopted for its greater efficiency at home and in the foreign fields. He loved the cause of missions, and frequently had young men in his family, boarding or educating them, while they were preparing for the ministry at home or abroad. He was greatly beloved by his brethren in the ministry, and held in high esteem by the executive of all our benevolent boards and directors of our seminary at Princeton. God never blessed him with any children ; but many look up to him as their spiritual father, and many in the congregation bear his honored name. After more than a quarter of a century pastorate here, and marrying the children that he had baptized, and burying nearly all the congregation to whom he preached when he first came among them, alienation and dissatisfaction arose that almost broke his heart. He was dismissed by Bedford Presbytery from this charge, June 25, 1848. A kind providence provided for his faithful servant. The Governor of the State of New York sent him an appointment, previous to his leaving Bedford, to act as chaplain in the State prison at Sing-Sing. Completing his appointment here, his health becoming impaired, he supplied a few churches in Presbytery for a short time; but the time for his departure came and he laid down his commission as a minister of the gospel and resigned his ransomed spirit to God who gave it, in Sing-Sing, September 185 1, and was buried in their beautiful cemetery to await the glorious reward of-the Resurrection Morn.

The Governor of the State of New York sent him an appointment, previous to his leaving Bedford, to act as chaplain in the State prison at Sing-Sing. Completing his appointment here, his health becoming impaired, he supplied a few churches in Presbytery for a short time; but the time for his departure came and he laid down his commission as a minister of the gospel and resigned his ransomed spirit to God who gave it, in Sing-Sing, September 185 1, and was buried in their beautiful cemetery to await the glorious reward of-the Resurrection Morn. The Venerable Dr. Spring of New York, who has recently gone to meet him, preached an appropriate sermon on his funeral occasion -- his wife still survives him.

May 1, 1848, the Rev. David Inglis was called to take charge of this church ; and was installed here October 26, 1848. He was a young man about twenty years of age, recently from Scotland, of great promise for usefulness, having preached a short time previous to his coming here in the

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

lower part of this county. He removed to Montreal in Canada East, in June, 1 85 2, from thence to Hamilton in Canada West. Here he remained sixteen years; and in the summer of 186 1, was elected by the Synod, to a Professorship of Theology in Knox College, Toronto, on Lake Ontario. In August, 1872, he received and accepted a call on the Heights of Brooklyn, New York, succeeding the Rev. Dr. Bethune, where he still remains. December i, 1852, the Rev. David C. Lyon was called and installed as pastor of this church. Mr. Lyon was a native of New York, graduate of Union College in 1S42, studied Theology at Princeton, and graduated in 1845, was ordained as an evangelist by the Presbytery of Ogdensburgh, July, 1846; preached his stated supply at Covington, New York, removed to Mineral Point, Wisconsin, and was thence called to Bedford.

Bethune, where he still remains. December i, 1852, the Rev. David C. Lyon was called and installed as pastor of this church. Mr. Lyon was a native of New York, graduate of Union College in 1S42, studied Theology at Princeton, and graduated in 1845, was ordained as an evangelist by the Presbytery of Ogdensburgh, July, 1846; preached his stated supply at Covington, New York, removed to Mineral Point, Wisconsin, and was thence called to Bedford. He was dismissed from here, and was appointed a Synodical Missionary for the State of Wisconsin. From thence, he was called to the Presbyterian church Winona ; but, in a few years he resigned his charge there, and returned to what seemed a more congenial field of labor -- a Synodical Missionary ; and there he is to-day, exploring the waste and destitute portions of tne country. For his successor, see List of Pastors.

To this church is attached a commodious parsonage and glebe of ten acres.

In 1 87 1 the old church " showing some marks-of decay, and rendered inconvenient as a house of worship for its large and prosperous congregation," it was determined to rebuild on a new site. Whereupon, Mr. Francis A. Palmer and wife, nobly offered to build a new house of worship and present it unincumbered to the Society. This generous offer was gladly accepted, and on June 29, 187 1, the corner stone of the new edifice was laid by Mr. Palmer, the donor, on the lot next to the parsonage. It was dedicated 15th of August, 1S72. The new church is a fine gothic edifice of wood, with two towers in front and lecture room in the rear, costing $50,000. It contains a good toned bell and organ.

Palmer and wife, nobly offered to build a new house of worship and present it unincumbered to the Society. This generous offer was gladly accepted, and on June 29, 187 1, the corner stone of the new edifice was laid by Mr. Palmer, the donor, on the lot next to the parsonage. It was dedicated 15th of August, 1S72. The new church is a fine gothic edifice of wood, with two towers in front and lecture room in the rear, costing $50,000. It contains a good toned bell and organ.

A LIST OF PASTORS OF THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, .

BEDFORD.

INSTALL OR CALL.

MINISTERS OR PASTORS.

VACATED BY.

Dec. 2. 1681. Jan. 28, 16S8. Dec. 26, 1699. Dec. 7, 1702.

Rev. John PisrDDEN. Rev. Thomas Dentiam. Rev. Joseiti Morgan. Rev. Joiix Jones.

Resigned.

it

5 8 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Presbyterian Church. Bedford.

LIST OF PASTORS OR MINISTERS OP THE PRESBYTERIAN

CHURCH, BEDFORD.

INSTALL OR CALL.

MINISTERS OR PASTORS.

VACATED BY.

May 3, 1720.

Rev.

William Texxett.

Resigned, - - 1721.

" " 1740.

Rev.

Robert Sturgeon.

- - 1743.

" " 1743.

Rev.

Samuel Sacket.

Dismissed, Apl. 1, 1760.

Dec 31, 1754.

Rev.

Eliphalet Ball.

" Dec. 21. 175S.

Dec. 13, 1769.

Rev.

Samuel Mills.

MaylS, 1786.

May 18, 1786.

Rev.

JonN Davenport.

Resigned. - - 1795.

June, 1792.

Rev.

Isaac Foster

" " "

June, 1795-

Rev.

Samuel Blatcuford.

- - 1796.

Nov. 15, 1798.

Rev.

Josiaii Henderson.

Dismissed, Nov. 3, 1S03.

Sept 13, 1804.

Rev.

" " 1740.

Rev.

Robert Sturgeon.

- - 1743.

" " 1743.

Rev.

Samuel Sacket.

Dismissed, Apl. 1, 1760.

Dec 31, 1754.

Rev.

Eliphalet Ball.

" Dec. 21. 175S.

Dec. 13, 1769.

Rev.

Samuel Mills.

MaylS, 1786.

May 18, 1786.

Rev.

JonN Davenport.

Resigned. - - 1795.

June, 1792.

Rev.

Isaac Foster

" " "

June, 1795-

Rev.

Samuel Blatcuford.

- - 1796.

Nov. 15, 1798.

Rev.

Josiaii Henderson.

Dismissed, Nov. 3, 1S03.

Sept 13, 1804.

Rev.

Ebexezer Grant.

By death, Sept. 6. 1S21.

April 16, 1822.

Rev.

Jacob Greene.

Dismissed June 25. 184S-

May 1, 1848.

Rev.

David Inglis.

Resigned, - - ISol.

May, 1857.

Rev.

Peter B. Heroy.

By death.

1880.

Rev.

J. H. Hott.

Present Pastor.

Bedford, in the Colonial times, constituted one of the three precincts of Rye parish. This was brought about by the act of the New York Assembly, passed 24th of March, 1693, (confirmed, A.D., 1697,) which annexed Bedford to the parish of Rye. It appears, however, that both Rye and Bedford endeavored for a time to avoid its provisions, by declaring themselves separate from New York, notwithstanding the agreement of 16S3. by which they had been surrendered to that Province. Accordingly, in January. 1697, they applied to be admitted to Connecticut; upon which that Colony concluded to receive them. But in 1700, King William the Third gave his approbation and confirmation to the settlement of 16S3, whereby they were ever included in New York.

THE TOWN OF BF.DFORD.

Under the act of 1693, the Church of England (which had been guaranteed her freedom under Magna Charta, upon which the common law is founded,) was settled throughout the Province and became therefore entitled to the public encouragement, leaving the Dissenters at liberty to maintain a minister of their own persuasion, but obliging them to support the clergyman settled by law.

But in 1700, King William the Third gave his approbation and confirmation to the settlement of 16S3, whereby they were ever included in New York.

THE TOWN OF BF.DFORD.

Under the act of 1693, the Church of England (which had been guaranteed her freedom under Magna Charta, upon which the common law is founded,) was settled throughout the Province and became therefore entitled to the public encouragement, leaving the Dissenters at liberty to maintain a minister of their own persuasion, but obliging them to support the clergyman settled by law. Surely Independents or Congregationalists had no right whatever to complain of this; "For, while under the laws of Connecticut, they taxed Churchmen without mercy and all others to support their established religion and blue-laws, and that too without representation. This, the Church in all her plenitude of power, never practised; for all tax-payers might be represented at parish meetings, if they so desired it. In consequence of the Church being settled by law, all lands set aside at public town meetings for the provision of a minister, all glebes and parsonages voted for their habitation and maintenance, and all meeting houses raised by public tax or distress on the people, unless particularly named, became vested in the ministry settled by common law and coeval with its existence."1

Pursuant to the act of assembly, a meeting of the parishioners was held at Rye, Feb'y 28th, 1695, when Deliverance Brown and Isaac Denham were chosen vestry-men for Bedford. In 171 1, this precinct paid towards the rectors support and poor of the parish, ^5, J5.

In consequence of the Church being settled by law, all lands set aside at public town meetings for the provision of a minister, all glebes and parsonages voted for their habitation and maintenance, and all meeting houses raised by public tax or distress on the people, unless particularly named, became vested in the ministry settled by common law and coeval with its existence."1

Pursuant to the act of assembly, a meeting of the parishioners was held at Rye, Feb'y 28th, 1695, when Deliverance Brown and Isaac Denham were chosen vestry-men for Bedford. In 171 1, this precinct paid towards the rectors support and poor of the parish, ^5, J5.

At a town meeting held at Bedford, Oct. 4th, 1702, we have the following minute: --

"The town doth by a maiger vote desire that they may be by themselves as to maintain one amongst them selves e thcyr desire is that they may be clear from y' former aekt of ye assembly of being ioyned to rye e memerinock and the town doth desire mr. Jacobus van Cortlandt to present theyr desire e pertision to the genaraU asembly e ye town is willing to satisfie sd Cortland for his trouble. &

In a summary account of the state of the Chinch in the Province of New York, as it was laid before the clergy convened at New York, Oct. 5th, 1704, it is therein stated that: -- "There is an Independent church at Bedford, where the minister designs to leave them ; they are well affected to the Church, and it is hoped when he is gone they will be in communion with her."

Jacobus van Cortlandt to present theyr desire e pertision to the genaraU asembly e ye town is willing to satisfie sd Cortland for his trouble. &

In a summary account of the state of the Chinch in the Province of New York, as it was laid before the clergy convened at New York, Oct. 5th, 1704, it is therein stated that: -- "There is an Independent church at Bedford, where the minister designs to leave them ; they are well affected to the Church, and it is hoped when he is gone they will be in communion with her."

It appears, however, that although many of the inhabitants might have been well disposed towards the Church yet the ubiquitous Zacha In ItisO the proprietors of Bedford laid out a town lot or parsonage land to be set apart for a minister (without naming to what particular denomination he should belong) of said town : contrary to law, this land which of right belonged to a minister settled by thr oommi in law, was given at a town meeting in 1704 to one John Jones a violent Dissenting minister "to encourage him to settle and preach among them.'' The parsonage land seems t>> have embraced 40 acres in 1099.

b 1st Boot of Bedford Rec, p. 10.

6o

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

ariah Roberts, Justice of the Peace and keeper of the town records, was determined otherwise, and stirred up the Dissenters to oppose the newly inducted rector, Thomas Pitchard ; so that when Joseph Morgan resigned, they called One John Jones -- so determined were they to free themselves from New York in the ministry.

It appears, however, that although many of the inhabitants might have been well disposed towards the Church yet the ubiquitous Zacha In ItisO the proprietors of Bedford laid out a town lot or parsonage land to be set apart for a minister (without naming to what particular denomination he should belong) of said town : contrary to law, this land which of right belonged to a minister settled by thr oommi in law, was given at a town meeting in 1704 to one John Jones a violent Dissenting minister "to encourage him to settle and preach among them.'' The parsonage land seems t>> have embraced 40 acres in 1099.

b 1st Boot of Bedford Rec, p. 10.

6o

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

ariah Roberts, Justice of the Peace and keeper of the town records, was determined otherwise, and stirred up the Dissenters to oppose the newly inducted rector, Thomas Pitchard ; so that when Joseph Morgan resigned, they called One John Jones -- so determined were they to free themselves from New York in the ministry.

From the first report issued by the venerable Propagation Society, in 1704, we learn: -- "That since their incorporation, June the 10th, 1701, they had appointed the Rev. Alexander Stuart, missionary at Bedford, with a salary of ^50 per annum, besides two sums of jT 20 and ^15 for books.

To this appointment Mr. Pritchard (who was inducted into the rectory of Rye, in April, 1704) thus alludes in a letter to the Secretary: -- "I perceive by the account of the Society, that one Mr. Stuart is recommended to Bedford, and ^50 per annum allowed him; whereas Bedford is a part of my parish, as settled by an act of Assembly, so that he can't be inducted there. Hoping, therefore, that the Society will be so condescendingly pleased to allow it me, as also to send per next conveniency, the ^£15 worth of books, of which mention is made in the account.

Pritchard (who was inducted into the rectory of Rye, in April, 1704) thus alludes in a letter to the Secretary: -- "I perceive by the account of the Society, that one Mr. Stuart is recommended to Bedford, and ^50 per annum allowed him; whereas Bedford is a part of my parish, as settled by an act of Assembly, so that he can't be inducted there. Hoping, therefore, that the Society will be so condescendingly pleased to allow it me, as also to send per next conveniency, the ^£15 worth of books, of which mention is made in the account. The Society would do very well, if in their great wisdom they think it fit. to recommend Mr. Stuart to Hempstead, upon Long Island, where they stand very much in need of a minister."

The following extracts from affidavits, (in the Secretary of State's office) show very plainly however, that every effort, stratagem and threat was made by the Dissenters, to prevent Mr. Pitchard's taking possession to this portion of his benefice : --

"Benjamin Wright of Bedford in the County of Westchester, yeoman, aged 22 years or thereabouts, being sworn before Thomas Wenham, Esq., one of the gents of her Majesties Council for ye Province of New York, and one of ye Judges of the Supreme Court of Judicature for the said Province, saith, that since Mr. Pitchard has been appointed minister of ye towns of Rye and Bedford in the County of Westchester, this deponent has endeavored to prevaile with the inhabit ants of Bedford to encourage the said Mr. Pritchard to preach and perform the duties of divine worship as used in the Chinch of England among them, whereupon the inhabitants of ye said town of Bedford became so incensed, that by their ill-treatment and threats, they have forced this deponent to remove with his family from thence, and deterred the members of ye said Church from speaking anything in its favor.

Pitchard has been appointed minister of ye towns of Rye and Bedford in the County of Westchester, this deponent has endeavored to prevaile with the inhabit ants of Bedford to encourage the said Mr. Pritchard to preach and perform the duties of divine worship as used in the Chinch of England among them, whereupon the inhabitants of ye said town of Bedford became so incensed, that by their ill-treatment and threats, they have forced this deponent to remove with his family from thence, and deterred the members of ye said Church from speaking anything in its favor. And this deponent further saith, that one Zachariah Roberts of Bedford, a Justice of Peace in ye said County of Westchester, went to the inhabitants of ye said town to prevail with them to sign an instrument or writing whereby to oblige them not to pay ye said minister anything, and likewise that the said Zachariah Roberts at a town meeting, called by him for that purpose, got such an act of the town passed accordingly, which act this deponent saw, being presented to the view of the persons there present by ye

* THE TOWN OF BEDFORD. 6 1

said Zachariah Roberts, which town act the said Zachariah Roberts afterwards burnt, and this deponent believes that he cut it out of the records or books of ye said town. And the deponent further saith that the said Zachariah Roberts hath refused ( tho' a Justice of Peace) to take any affidavits in behalf of ye Church of England , the Queen and this Government, and when persons have offered to make such affidavits he has said he would take none against his neighbors and himself, and that they might tell my Lord so, &c. The rancour and malice of said Justice Roberts being so violent that this deponent has been told by the suid Robert's wife, that she dares not so much as mention the name of Mr.

And the deponent further saith that the said Zachariah Roberts hath refused ( tho' a Justice of Peace) to take any affidavits in behalf of ye Church of England , the Queen and this Government, and when persons have offered to make such affidavits he has said he would take none against his neighbors and himself, and that they might tell my Lord so, &c. The rancour and malice of said Justice Roberts being so violent that this deponent has been told by the suid Robert's wife, that she dares not so much as mention the name of Mr. Pitehard or any other Church of England-man for fear of her husband's passion. And this deponent further saith, that he hath been told by the said Justice Robert's wife, that her husband has razed or altered the records of ye said town, by striking out the name of one Thomas Howard in an assignment of a bill of sale, and putting his own name on in the room of it. And this deponent further saith, that he hath been informed that there was formerly a parcel of land bought by the said town of Bedford, to be laid apart for a minister for the said town, which said parcel of land was within a year last past given at a town meeting to one John Jones, a Dissenting minister in the said town for an encouragement to him, to settle and preach among them."

"John TnoMsox of Bedford, In ye County of "Westchester, gentleman, aged 40 years and upwards being sworn before Thomas Wenham, Ac, saith, that there having been no divine service according to ye ceremonies and usages of the Church of England in the said town of Bedford, the said deponent hath often gone to the Dissenting meeting in that town, where he hath heard one John Jones, as the minister of the Dissenting Congregation, preach, and hath heard him frequently in a very bitter and inveterate manner reflect on the present Constitution and Government of the Church of England, and particularly this deponent heard him say, that he cared not for the said Church of England, and in his sermon he used, to the best of this deponent's memory, these words, viz: come out of her (meaning yc Church of England) my people lest ye partake of her plagues, comparing likewise the said Church to ye Church of Rome, and saying at other times, likewise in his sermon to his congregation, yc are in a dangerous government, where they do not pray nor serve God, and that he would preach reprobation and defiance of principalities and powers, and that ye, speaking to his congregation, may tell 'em so at York, for yt he did not care for my Lord -- and this deponent further saith, that being one day with the said Jlr.

"John TnoMsox of Bedford, In ye County of "Westchester, gentleman, aged 40 years and upwards being sworn before Thomas Wenham, Ac, saith, that there having been no divine service according to ye ceremonies and usages of the Church of England in the said town of Bedford, the said deponent hath often gone to the Dissenting meeting in that town, where he hath heard one John Jones, as the minister of the Dissenting Congregation, preach, and hath heard him frequently in a very bitter and inveterate manner reflect on the present Constitution and Government of the Church of England, and particularly this deponent heard him say, that he cared not for the said Church of England, and in his sermon he used, to the best of this deponent's memory, these words, viz: come out of her (meaning yc Church of England) my people lest ye partake of her plagues, comparing likewise the said Church to ye Church of Rome, and saying at other times, likewise in his sermon to his congregation, yc are in a dangerous government, where they do not pray nor serve God, and that he would preach reprobation and defiance of principalities and powers, and that ye, speaking to his congregation, may tell 'em so at York, for yt he did not care for my Lord -- and this deponent further saith, that being one day with the said Jlr. Jones at the house of one Zachariah Roberts, at Bedford aforesaid, this deponent heard the said John Jones say, he would bum the Church of England books, &c,

Jones at the house of one Zachariah Roberts, at Bedford aforesaid, this deponent heard the said John Jones say, he would bum the Church of England books, &c,

The two preceding depositions were read in Council, May 8th, 1705. Messrs Roberts and Jones failing to give satisfactory explanations thereof, were bound overto answer to the Supreme Court. (Council Minutes.)11

" In December, 16S1, Samuel Barrett, Zachariah Roberts and Thomas Canfield were received as inhabitants. This Roberts was soon chosen town clerk, afterward Justice of the Peace, and for many years appears

a Doc Hist- ot New York, VoL iu, 933-5.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

prominent in nearly all the affairs of the town. He seems to have been a very dissenting Dissenter. He had a quarrel with the Rev. Thomas Pritchard, the first Church of England Rector, in 1705. He lived near David's Hill, a few rods west of where the Baptist Church now stands, and gave his lands along David's brook to his sons Zach. Jr. and Hezekiah. What was the origin of the names of David's Hill and Brook I am unable to say, but they are found in the earliest records ; and in 1700 " the town by a maigor vote doth order and agree that ye land round davids hill shall be sequestered for the towns' use and for diging stones so it shall have a soficiant cartway and driftway round the hill and not to be disposed of to any pertickler parson what som euer." This shows the origin of a lane, still open, west of David's hill. Other votes setting apart sequestered lands for "ye people of the town to dig stones for ever," are found."*

What was the origin of the names of David's Hill and Brook I am unable to say, but they are found in the earliest records ; and in 1700 " the town by a maigor vote doth order and agree that ye land round davids hill shall be sequestered for the towns' use and for diging stones so it shall have a soficiant cartway and driftway round the hill and not to be disposed of to any pertickler parson what som euer." This shows the origin of a lane, still open, west of David's hill. Other votes setting apart sequestered lands for "ye people of the town to dig stones for ever," are found."*

Minutes. -- Upon the 21st day of June, 1705, we find the irascible dissenter, Zachariah Roberts and Mar)', his wife, conveying three hundred acres of land lying within the "Town or Liberties of Bedford," to " Thomas Pritchard, Missionary and Rector at Rye and Bedford, and Anne, his wife." Either the Supreme Court's decision, in his case for slander, or the prospect of handling the sum of one hundred pounds sterling, had produced a wonderful change in our Justice of the Peace : --

" This indenture made the 21st day of June, in the fourth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lutty Amie, by the grace of God of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Queen, Defender of the Faith, etc. -- between Zachariah Roberts of Bedford, in the County of "Westchester, in the province of New York, Esquire and Mary, his wife, on the one part, and Thomas Pritchard, Missionary and Rector of Rye and Bedford, in the County and province of New York, and Anne, Lis wife, on the other part, Witncsscth that the s;:id Zachariah Roberts ar.d Mary, his wife, for and the consideration of the sum of £100 sterling, to them in hand paid already by the said Thomas Pritchard and Anne, his wife, before the ensealing and delivery thereof, the receipt whereof they the said Zachariah and Mary, doth hereby acknowledge themselves therewith to be fully satisfied contented and paid and therefrom and thereof and of and from all and every part and parcel thereof doth hereby, acquit, release, exonerate and discharge forever the said Thomas Pritchard and Anne Pritchard, their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns forever in manner and form following-- all that or a certain parcel of upland meadow and swamp, situate lying and being within the town or liberties of the said Bedford, being part of that land that Coll.

" This indenture made the 21st day of June, in the fourth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lutty Amie, by the grace of God of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Queen, Defender of the Faith, etc. -- between Zachariah Roberts of Bedford, in the County of "Westchester, in the province of New York, Esquire and Mary, his wife, on the one part, and Thomas Pritchard, Missionary and Rector of Rye and Bedford, in the County and province of New York, and Anne, Lis wife, on the other part, Witncsscth that the s;:id Zachariah Roberts ar.d Mary, his wife, for and the consideration of the sum of £100 sterling, to them in hand paid already by the said Thomas Pritchard and Anne, his wife, before the ensealing and delivery thereof, the receipt whereof they the said Zachariah and Mary, doth hereby acknowledge themselves therewith to be fully satisfied contented and paid and therefrom and thereof and of and from all and every part and parcel thereof doth hereby, acquit, release, exonerate and discharge forever the said Thomas Pritchard and Anne Pritchard, their heirs, executors, administrators and assigns forever in manner and form following-- all that or a certain parcel of upland meadow and swamp, situate lying and being within the town or liberties of the said Bedford, being part of that land that Coll. Van Cortland and the said Zachariah Roberts heretofore purchased of the Indians, the said parcel of lands hear by granted, being bounded on the south east corner by a young white oak tree marked with green or eight notches or crosses, and thence rumiing one hundred and ten rods northward along the Indian path which

Van Cortland and the said Zachariah Roberts heretofore purchased of the Indians, the said parcel of lands hear by granted, being bounded on the south east corner by a young white oak tree marked with green or eight notches or crosses, and thence rumiing one hundred and ten rods northward along the Indian path which

a Address of Joseph Barrett, July 4, 1ST6.

THE TOWN OK BEDFORD.

leads to Musscoota aud thence runs westward on the said path in length one hundred rods, south in breadth at each end one hundred and ten rods amounting to three hundred acres be it more or less, being bounded east w ard by the great Indian path, southward by the Town's new purchase, so called, and on the eastward and northward by the pond of the river also one sixth one and thirtieth part or one head right in the new purchase of Bedford, so called, and also one head right of land in new purchase, so called, which John Sampson formerly purchased from Richard ITolmes and conveyed or assigned afterward to the said Zachariah Roberts together with all woods and underwoods, etc., etc.

Scaled and delivered ) in presence of )

JOSEPH PURDT, ZACHARIAH ROBERTS,

RICHARD STANTON." MARY M ROBERTS.

Mark.

The Rev. George Muirson in one of his earliest reports to the venerable Propagation Society says : -- " Rye is a large parish, the towns are far distant, the people were some Quakers, but chiefly Presbyterians and Independents. They were violently set against our Church ; but now, blessed be God, they comply heartily. I find that catechising on the week days in the remote towns and frequent visiting is of great service."

Mark.

The Rev. George Muirson in one of his earliest reports to the venerable Propagation Society says : -- " Rye is a large parish, the towns are far distant, the people were some Quakers, but chiefly Presbyterians and Independents. They were violently set against our Church ; but now, blessed be God, they comply heartily. I find that catechising on the week days in the remote towns and frequent visiting is of great service."

The quota furnished by this division towards the rector's tax in 1725, was £16, S2. Mr. Wetmore writing to the Society in February, 1728, says : -- " That there are three meeting houses in the parish, one at Bedford, built for and used by the Presbyterians, &c. They have had a Presbyterian minister, they gave him a house and farm to work upon, and ,£40 per annum; but finding it not sufficient to support him with a numerous family, he has left them, and they have now settled another young man to whom they give the same allowance. There are at Bedford about eight or ten families of the Church, and the rest Presbyterians or Independents."

"The Dissenting" teachers "officiate without qualifying themselves according to the Act of Toleration, so that the people are supposed to do and say what they please about religion, under a notion, that the laws of England relating to religion don't extend to the Plantations." In 1 73 1 , he writes : -- " That the people of Bedford, who are most rigid and severe of all, came very generally to Church, when I was last among them, and many that never before were at Church." Again in 1744, he informs the Society : -- " That at Bedford and North Castle there were four hundred families belonging to the cure, &c." The same year the parishioners addressed the following letter to the Society : --

"The Dissenting" teachers "officiate without qualifying themselves according to the Act of Toleration, so that the people are supposed to do and say what they please about religion, under a notion, that the laws of England relating to religion don't extend to the Plantations." In 1 73 1 , he writes : -- " That the people of Bedford, who are most rigid and severe of all, came very generally to Church, when I was last among them, and many that never before were at Church." Again in 1744, he informs the Society : -- " That at Bedford and North Castle there were four hundred families belonging to the cure, &c." The same year the parishioners addressed the following letter to the Society : --

a No. 4 of Bedford Town Books, p. 495.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

PARISH OF RYE-- TO THE SECRETARY. (extract. )

"Province of New York, Bedford, March Wi, 1744.

Rev. Sib,

The parish of Rye includes the large town of Rye, the town of Mamaroneck, the manor of Scarsdale, and a precinct called White Plains, besides Bedford and North Castle, in which two last places are near four hundred families, and no teacher of any sort in North Castle, but a silly Quaker-woman, and at Bedford one of the most enthusiastic Methodists. Mr. Wetmore comes amongst us but once in two months, and very few of us can go to the parish church at Rye, many living twenty miles distant, and most of us twelve or fourteen miles ; so that for the most part there is very little face of religion to be seen amongst us, and our children arc apt to fall in with the customs of those amongst us that have little or no religion, and spend the Lord's day in diversions and follies, which we cannot prevent tho' we much dislike.

Wetmore comes amongst us but once in two months, and very few of us can go to the parish church at Rye, many living twenty miles distant, and most of us twelve or fourteen miles ; so that for the most part there is very little face of religion to be seen amongst us, and our children arc apt to fall in with the customs of those amongst us that have little or no religion, and spend the Lord's day in diversions and follies, which we cannot prevent tho' we much dislike. Mr. Wetmore, our minister, freely consents we should endeavour to procure another as an assistant to him, and we are willing to contribute as far as we are able.

Reverend Sir, Your most obed't and humble servants,

Lewis McDonald, Daniel Smith, Abthtjb Smith."01

In answer to this application, the Rev. Joseph Lamson, A.M., was appointed assistant to Mr. Wetmore in officiating to the inhabitants of Bedford, North Castle and Ridgefield. In his first report to the Society, he writes : -- " That he officiates by turns at these three places to full congregations." But his income proved too small for his support, and he removed by the Society's permission to Fairfield in 1747. In Mr. Wetmore's report for 1753, he acquaints the Society, "that his congregation at Bedford is large and flourishing, and that the disposition of those that oppose the interest of the Church in that place seems changed for the better. The New Light minister is removed from Bedford, and there are some hopes of the people uniting with North Castle towards supporting a minister in the Holy Orders of our Church, to officiate alternately among them." And it clearly appears from his subsequent reports to the Society, that this precinct continued, upon the whole, in a state of gradual improvement until the time of his death, which took place in May, 1760.

Wetmore's report for 1753, he acquaints the Society, "that his congregation at Bedford is large and flourishing, and that the disposition of those that oppose the interest of the Church in that place seems changed for the better. The New Light minister is removed from Bedford, and there are some hopes of the people uniting with North Castle towards supporting a minister in the Holy Orders of our Church, to officiate alternately among them." And it clearly appears from his subsequent reports to the Society, that this precinct continued, upon the whole, in a state of gradual improvement until the time of his death, which took place in May, 1760. The following inscription occurs on a monument, to the memory of his wife, Althea, to be seen in the old burying ground at Fairfield, Conn. :

a New York, 5ISS. from archives at Fuloam, (Hawks.)

THE TOWN OK BEDFORD.

6$

IN MEMORIAM

MRS. ALTHEA LAMSON, Wife of the Rev. Joseph Lamson, and daughter of the Revr James Wetmoke, the Rector of Rye, in the New York Province. Who departed this life ye 8th of Feb'y, 1766, Aged 44 Years.

Their daughter Anne was also interred at Fairfield, where there is a monument to her memory.

In the Spring of 1762 the precincts of Bedford and Northcastle were visited by the Rev. George Dibble, Rector of St. John's church, Stamford and St. George • Talbot, Esq. Here the former preached and baptized several children.0 At this time there appear to have been several families professors of the Church of England. Mr. Talbot subsequently devised in trust, the sum of six hundred pounds, (for the use and benefit of the churches of Northcastle and Bedford.) this amount appears to have been in possession of Lewis Macdonald and others, trustees under the will of Mr.

John's church, Stamford and St. George • Talbot, Esq. Here the former preached and baptized several children.0 At this time there appear to have been several families professors of the Church of England. Mr. Talbot subsequently devised in trust, the sum of six hundred pounds, (for the use and benefit of the churches of Northcastle and Bedford.) this amount appears to have been in possession of Lewis Macdonald and others, trustees under the will of Mr. Talbot.

" From letters received by Dr. Auchmuty, Rector of Trinity church, and Mr. Livingston (executor of the late Mr. St. George Talbot,; dated December 8th, 1769, it appears that the heirs at law leave no method untried to defeat the purposes of Mr. Talbot's will j and, by evasive practices in law, the cause is still undetermined."

In 1 77 1, Mr. John Livingston informs the Propagation Society, that with regard to Mr. Talbot's will the attorneys have judged it expedient to come to an agreement with the heirs of Mr. Talbot, by which the executors should pay them ^1300, in full for their claim and demand on the real and personal estate. It will be seen, however, that the Church did not receive the legacy until the year 1803.

Mr. Punderson, who succeeded Mr. Whitmore in 1762, died Anno Domini 1764, and was followed by the Rev. Ephriam Avery in 1765.

From this period nothing worthy of especial importance appears in the Society's Reports relative to Bedford. Mr. Avery's death took place soon after the exciting scenes of the Revolution had commenced, and during the subsequent years the whole parish of Rye suffered considerably from the confusion that attended the Revolutionary war. The Parochial Church was destroyed by fire, and the parishoners dispersed in every direction. ,

Whitmore in 1762, died Anno Domini 1764, and was followed by the Rev. Ephriam Avery in 1765.

From this period nothing worthy of especial importance appears in the Society's Reports relative to Bedford. Mr. Avery's death took place soon after the exciting scenes of the Revolution had commenced, and during the subsequent years the whole parish of Rye suffered considerably from the confusion that attended the Revolutionary war. The Parochial Church was destroyed by fire, and the parishoners dispersed in every direction. ,

Upon the 19th of April, 1789 the present parish was incorporated

a See Parochial Registers of St. Joliu's cUurcb, Stamford.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

under the title of " The Trustees of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Township of Bedford and Northcastle"a In consequence of an act passed for the relief of the Protestant Episcopal Church, on the 17th of March, 1795, this Church was again incorporated under the name and title of "The Protestant Episcopal Church in the united towns of Bedford and Newcastle -- the church at Newcastle to continue by the regular name of St. George's church." Charles Haight of Newcastle, and William Miller, Esq., of Bedford, church wardens; Samuel Raymond, Gabriel Smith, David Haight, James McDonald, Marmaduke Forster, Gilbert Martin, Nicholas Haight and Samuel Smith, vestrymen. The Rev. Theodocious Bartow appears to have been rector at the time of election.6 Upon the 26th of Sept. 1791, we find James McDonald of Bedford, (a vestry-man of this church) leasing to the trustees of St. Peter's church Westchester," all that tract of land lying in the township of Bedford, being the farm where John Banks, Junior, formerly lived, containing two hundred and four acres," "also that lot of land bounded North and East by land belonging to Lewis McDonald, South by parsonage land belonging to the Presbyterian Society, and West by the highway, containing about four acres, &c, known by the name of the Court-house lot, in the town or Bedford."0 No further proceedings appear to have been had in this case, probably the lease was never properly executed.

Peter's church Westchester," all that tract of land lying in the township of Bedford, being the farm where John Banks, Junior, formerly lived, containing two hundred and four acres," "also that lot of land bounded North and East by land belonging to Lewis McDonald, South by parsonage land belonging to the Presbyterian Society, and West by the highway, containing about four acres, &c, known by the name of the Court-house lot, in the town or Bedford."0 No further proceedings appear to have been had in this case, probably the lease was never properly executed. Mr. Bartow appears to have been officiating here in 1803. At a vestry meeting held on the 12th November, 1796, it was ordered "that William Miller, Esq., be empowered to commence and carry on a suit against Philip J. Livingston for money left by St. George Talbot to the churches at Bedford and Newcastle." At a meeting of the vestry held on the 3rd of March, 1803, "Mr. Miller informed the board that the money bequeathed to the united churches by the late St. George Talbot, had been recovered by a judgment obtained in the Supreme Court against Philip J. Livingston, and the said money after deducting charges will probably amount to twenty-five hundred dollars." The Vestry at the same meeting resolved to purchase a certain house and forty acres of * land in Bedford, at the price of sixteen hundred and twenty-five dollars, for a glebe and parsonage ; the purchase was subsequently made, and a new parsonage erected thereon in 1822. In 1804 Trinity church, New York, liberally endowed the united churches of Bedford and Newcastle with the sum of one thousand dollars; also in 1808 the further sum of one hundred and fifty dollars.

Livingston, and the said money after deducting charges will probably amount to twenty-five hundred dollars." The Vestry at the same meeting resolved to purchase a certain house and forty acres of * land in Bedford, at the price of sixteen hundred and twenty-five dollars, for a glebe and parsonage ; the purchase was subsequently made, and a new parsonage erected thereon in 1822. In 1804 Trinity church, New York, liberally endowed the united churches of Bedford and Newcastle with the sum of one thousand dollars; also in 1808 the further sum of one hundred and fifty dollars.

a Incorporation of religious Societies Liber, a., p. 12 j, " " " a., p. 64.

c Copied from original document 111 possession of the Clerk of the vestry of St. Peter's church, Westchester.

THE TOWN OF KEDFORD.

At a vestry meeting holden on the 8th Dec", 1806, it was resolved " that the residue of the bequest of St. George Talbot be appropriated towards defraying the cost of the building a church in Bedford." The Honbl° John Jay, Chief Justice of the United States, took an active part in the construction of this edifice and was a constant attendant upon the services held therein until the year of his death, 1829.

In 1804 it was resolved by the Vestry, "expedient to call and settle a minister without further delay; the Episcopalians of North Salem and Stephentown joined with Bedford in endeavoring to effect it. It was agreed between them, " that the minister should perform divine service in the different towns of Bedford, New Castle, North Castle and Stephentown, so often as should be in proportion to the amount of their annual subscriptions." In all these places Churchmen manifested the sincerity of their professions by subscribing liberally to the support of a minister.

In 1804 it was resolved by the Vestry, "expedient to call and settle a minister without further delay; the Episcopalians of North Salem and Stephentown joined with Bedford in endeavoring to effect it. It was agreed between them, " that the minister should perform divine service in the different towns of Bedford, New Castle, North Castle and Stephentown, so often as should be in proportion to the amount of their annual subscriptions." In all these places Churchmen manifested the sincerity of their professions by subscribing liberally to the support of a minister.

Upon the 30th of July. 1804, the Vestry called the Rev. George Strebeck as rector of the United Churches. He officiated in Bedford and its vicinity from August, 1804, to March, 1805, when he resigned, and accepted the rectorship of St. Stephen's church, New York. At a vestry meeting held on the 8th of December, 1806, it was resolved, "that the residue of the bequest of St. George Talbot be appropriated towards defraying the cost of building a church at Bedford."

In 1809 the Rev. Nathan Felch was called as minister of the united parishes. The next year he reported to the Diocesan Convention : --

"That the Episcopal Church in Bedford is in a very nourishing state; the congregation is numerous, respectable and devout: an attachment to all the rites and forms of the Church is continually increasing among them ; and as this attachment increases, so veneration for, and delight in sober, rational and scriptural piety and virtue increases."

Nathan Felch was called as minister of the united parishes. The next year he reported to the Diocesan Convention : --

"That the Episcopal Church in Bedford is in a very nourishing state; the congregation is numerous, respectable and devout: an attachment to all the rites and forms of the Church is continually increasing among them ; and as this attachment increases, so veneration for, and delight in sober, rational and scriptural piety and virtue increases."

Mr. Felch resigned his charge in 1813, and was succeeded by the Rev. George Wells, A.M., in 181 6, for whose successors, see list of Rectors.

St. Matthew's church is situated in the northern part of a small scattered hamlet, about half a mile north of the village of Bedford. It is a neat structure of brick, erected in 1807, and consecrated the same year by the Rt. Rev. Benjamin Moore, D.D. It has been recently thoroughly repaired, and the interior somewhat remodelled.

The communion silver was the united gift of Mrs Banyar and Anne Jay, (daughters of the late Hon. John Jay, Chief Justice of the United States) on the 29th of October, 1810. The service books were presented by the late Mrs. Ann Raymond, of Bedford. The bell was purchased by subscription in 1874. To this church is attached a rectory and glebe.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF V/ESTCHESTER.

St. Matthew's Church, Bedford, erected A. D. 1807,

MINISTERS AND RECTORS OF BEDFORD.

ISTST. OE CALL. INCUMBENTS. TAG AT. BY.

1704, Rev. Alexander Stuart, A. M., Clericus. resig. 18th June, 1745, Rev. Joseph Lamson, A. M., Clericus, resig.

John Jay, Chief Justice of the United States) on the 29th of October, 1810. The service books were presented by the late Mrs. Ann Raymond, of Bedford. The bell was purchased by subscription in 1874. To this church is attached a rectory and glebe.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF V/ESTCHESTER.

St. Matthew's Church, Bedford, erected A. D. 1807,

MINISTERS AND RECTORS OF BEDFORD.

ISTST. OE CALL. INCUMBENTS. TAG AT. BY.

1704, Rev. Alexander Stuart, A. M., Clericus. resig. 18th June, 1745, Rev. Joseph Lamson, A. M., Clericus, resig.

1796, Rev. Theodosius Bartow, Presb., resig. 30th July, 1801, Rev. George Strebeck, Prcsb. resig.

1809, Rev. Nathan Felch, Deacon, resig. 16th June, 1816, Rev. George Weller, A. Iff., Deacon, resig.

1819, Rev. Samuel Nictiolls, Presb., resig. 12th Aug., 1838, Rev. Alfred Partridge, Presb., resig.

1855, Rev. Edward Brexton Boggs, D.D., Presb., resig.

1867, Rev. Lea Luquer, Presb., present incumbent.

The burying ground adjoining the church contains memorials to the families of the Jays, Amblers, Guions, Olmsteads, Collyers, Raymonds, Parks, Gardeners, Banks and McNultys.

Number of families in 1853, belonging to the parish, 50. Number of souls, 200. In 1875, Number of families, 47.

THE SOCIETY'S SCHOOLMASTERS AT BEDFORD AND NORTH CASTLE.

TIME OF APP'T. SCHOOLMASTERS. SALARY. '

1728, Flint Dwight, £15 per anuni.

1745, William Sturgeon, B. A.

Number of Catechists in 1853, 4; and Catechumens, 30.

1875,-- " 30.

To the parish is attached St. Maiy*s church in the middle patent of North Castle, which was incorporated upon the 29th of December, 1851, Benjamin Smith and Samuel Brown, church wardens. William Henry

In 1875, Number of families, 47.

THE SOCIETY'S SCHOOLMASTERS AT BEDFORD AND NORTH CASTLE.

TIME OF APP'T. SCHOOLMASTERS. SALARY. '

1728, Flint Dwight, £15 per anuni.

1745, William Sturgeon, B. A.

Number of Catechists in 1853, 4; and Catechumens, 30.

1875,-- " 30.

To the parish is attached St. Maiy*s church in the middle patent of North Castle, which was incorporated upon the 29th of December, 1851, Benjamin Smith and Samuel Brown, church wardens. William Henry

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

Hobby, William Downs, Samuel Lounsbury, Oliver B. Finch, Henry Hobby, Joseph H. Hobby, David M. Johnson and Henry Downes, vestrymen. The Church edifice, erected in 1853 at a cost of $1600, was consecrated to the service of Almighty God, on the 2 2d of September of that year, by the late Rt. Rev. Jonathan M. Wainwright, D. D., LL.D. At present, services are performed here by the rector of Bedford, every Sunday afternoon. The bell was presented by St. Matthew's church, Bedford.

Within the ajoining Hamlet near the Episcopal church, at the junction of the Sing Sing and Bedford roads stands the Baptist church. The Baptist Society was first organized Sept. 22d, 1798; seven of its members having received legal letters of dismission from the Baptist church in Stamford, to form a new Society under the pastoral charge of Elder Jones. On the 8th of May, 1802, Elder Ezra Fountain was elected pastor of the church, an office which he held with great acceptance for thirty-five years. Mr. Fountain was descended from the Fountains of Stockingham, Devonshire, England. The first member of the family who emigrated to America about 1650, was a merchant of opulence, who lived to the age of a hundred years. In the church of Mysborough in the county of Devon, England, are several monuments to members of this family; among others is one to the memory of Sir John Fountain, of whom there are some fragmentary sketches extant.

Mr. Fountain was descended from the Fountains of Stockingham, Devonshire, England. The first member of the family who emigrated to America about 1650, was a merchant of opulence, who lived to the age of a hundred years. In the church of Mysborough in the county of Devon, England, are several monuments to members of this family; among others is one to the memory of Sir John Fountain, of whom there are some fragmentary sketches extant. The emigrant left two sons, the eldest of whom was Moses, a man remarkable for his piety, and who also lived to over a hundred years; the youngest son Moses, had two sons, Moses and Mathew, who died without issue at the age of one hundred and four, the latter was a British officer of some distinction previous to the Revolutionary war, but removed from Bedford to Eastchester with the refugees and there died from the bite of a fox, aged fifty-six. He left four sons, Stephen, Aaron, Ezra and James, besides two daughters. Ezra the third son, the pastor of this church was born on the 20th of May, 1743, and died Oct. 25th, 1840, and was interred on his own farm at present occupied by John A. Miller in this town where a monument has been erected to his memory containing the following epitaph written by himself.

"A dying preacher I have been, To dying sinners such as you ; A dying preacher I remain, To all who come my grave to view."

Ezra the third son, the pastor of this church was born on the 20th of May, 1743, and died Oct. 25th, 1840, and was interred on his own farm at present occupied by John A. Miller in this town where a monument has been erected to his memory containing the following epitaph written by himself.

"A dying preacher I have been, To dying sinners such as you ; A dying preacher I remain, To all who come my grave to view."

It may be truly said of this good man "Though dead he yet speaketh."

70 . HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

By his wife, who was a Tyler, he had first, James, M.D., of the New York University, the father of Hosea, M. D., of Somers; Elias, Jabez, Husted, C. Horton and Ezra James. The second son was Hosea, and thirdly the late Tyler Fountain of Peekskill.

Mr. Fountain was succeeded in the pastoral charge by Elder Charles H. Underhill, who continued for two years. Their successors have been Samuel Covel, and Elder Nathan Reed.

Union Academy of Bedford occupies a prominent situation Southeast of the Baptist church. Its principal is Alexander G. Reynolds.

Near the Hamlet are situated the residences of William P. Woodcock and Milton Robertson, Esq. To the North-east lies the Hook farm, the property of Francis A. Palmer, Esq., (formerly belonging to Col. James Holmes). Upon the 5th of April, 1774, James Smith and Mary, his wife, sold to James Holmes, "all that messuage lying in Bedford called the Hook, containing seventy-three acres.

Union Academy of Bedford occupies a prominent situation Southeast of the Baptist church. Its principal is Alexander G. Reynolds.

Near the Hamlet are situated the residences of William P. Woodcock and Milton Robertson, Esq. To the North-east lies the Hook farm, the property of Francis A. Palmer, Esq., (formerly belonging to Col. James Holmes). Upon the 5th of April, 1774, James Smith and Mary, his wife, sold to James Holmes, "all that messuage lying in Bedford called the Hook, containing seventy-three acres.

Col. James Holmes was the son of John and Jemima Holmes ; his father John Holmes was a respectable farmer, a man of extensive real and personal property, a large proportion of which descended to him from his father John Holmes, who emigrated to this country from Beverly, Yorkshire, in England, about the year 1660, and was one of the original proprietors and settlers of this town. John Holmes, father of the said Col. James Holmes, held many civil and military appointments. He was for many years a town clerk, Justice of the Peace, and Captain of the Militia, which appointments he held till the time of his death.

During the French war between France and Great Britian, in 1757-8, CoL James Holmes volunteered in the service of his country, and was in the great and destructive battle under the command of General Abercrombie, in which were nineteen hundred men killed and wounded. After the conquest of Canada he returned to Bedford.

Upon the commencement of hostilities between America and Great Britain, he was appointed by the New York Convention one of a committee of three, viz. : Col. James Yan Courtland, Capt. Montgomery, (afterwards Gen. Montgomery,) and himself, to proceed to examine the heights about Kingsbridge, and report where it would be advisable to fortify. They performed this duty and reported satisfactorily.

During the French war between France and Great Britian, in 1757-8, CoL James Holmes volunteered in the service of his country, and was in the great and destructive battle under the command of General Abercrombie, in which were nineteen hundred men killed and wounded. After the conquest of Canada he returned to Bedford.

Upon the commencement of hostilities between America and Great Britain, he was appointed by the New York Convention one of a committee of three, viz. : Col. James Yan Courtland, Capt. Montgomery, (afterwards Gen. Montgomery,) and himself, to proceed to examine the heights about Kingsbridge, and report where it would be advisable to fortify. They performed this duty and reported satisfactorily. The same convention ordered four regiments to be raised. The first was given to Alexander M'Dougal, the second to G. Yan Schaick, die third to James Clinton, and the fourth to James Holmes. These regiments were immediately advanced to the northward. In 1777, he retired from the service of his country', owing to certain circumstances which had tended

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

to dampen his military ambition, and returned to his farm. In the spring of 1778, he was arrested by order of the committee of public safety, and conveyed to Bedford.

He subsequently accepted the appointment of Lieut. Colonel of the corps of West Chester County Refugees, in the British service ; in this corps he remained till the end of the war. Colonel James Holmes died at New Haven, July, 1824, leaving issue by his wife Tamar, two daughters ; Tamar, who married James Ronalds, father of William R. Ronalds, Esq., of New York; and Sally, the wife of Jeremiah Lounsberry of this town.

In the spring of 1778, he was arrested by order of the committee of public safety, and conveyed to Bedford.

He subsequently accepted the appointment of Lieut. Colonel of the corps of West Chester County Refugees, in the British service ; in this corps he remained till the end of the war. Colonel James Holmes died at New Haven, July, 1824, leaving issue by his wife Tamar, two daughters ; Tamar, who married James Ronalds, father of William R. Ronalds, Esq., of New York; and Sally, the wife of Jeremiah Lounsberry of this town.

The village of Bedford was burnt July 2d, 1779, during the Revolutionary war by a party of British Light Horse under the command of Lieut. Col. Banastre Tarleton0 on their route to Fairfield, Conn., and much valuable property destroyed in its immediate vicinity. But the inhabitants remained firmly attached to the interests of their country. Mrs. Nancy Sarles testified Oct. 12th, 1846 that, in the Revolutionary war, her father lived in Bedford a mile and a half from the village on the road to White Plains. His name was Samuel Lyon and he was an active Whig and Committee man. When the British burnt Bedford they advanced by the upper or West road and entered after daylight. The party consisted of several hundred composed of leathercaps and refugees all of whom were mounted. The refugees did all the mischief, plundering and burning, while the leather-caps kept guard, then finally retreated by the White Plains road. The militia were all out in the direction of Stamford except a picket guard which the enemy attacked and dispersed killing one man. When they arrived at our house they were constantly asking for bread and we gave them all we had, they then set fire to the house and retreated.

The party consisted of several hundred composed of leathercaps and refugees all of whom were mounted. The refugees did all the mischief, plundering and burning, while the leather-caps kept guard, then finally retreated by the White Plains road. The militia were all out in the direction of Stamford except a picket guard which the enemy attacked and dispersed killing one man. When they arrived at our house they were constantly asking for bread and we gave them all we had, they then set fire to the house and retreated. The cry was " Fire the house boys and be off." I endeavored to extinguish the fire, but it had made too much headway -- just then a party of American militia came to our assistance and helped to save some things that were in the house. The leather caps, or regulars (who I think were Hessians) came here in order to support the refugees. Col. Holmes' house, occupied by Benjamin Hayes, was also burnt on this occasion. 6 Capt. Da\id Miller of Bedford aged eighty, Oct. 31st, 1846, says, "My father, when Bedford was burnt, was a militia captain and lay with his company east of the village -- he had occupied a house on the Stamford road a little south of Mr. Jonathan

o Col. Tarleton, afterwards General Sir Banastre Tarleton, Bart, born in Uvemool, Aug. 81st, 1754 was intended for ye law, commanded ve advanced guard or the patrols which mads General Lee prisoner. Stirring activity made him popular and he was M. P for Liverpool 22 years-- was manied brft died childless Jan'y 23d, 1S33. (ients Mag. Part L p 273.

Da\id Miller of Bedford aged eighty, Oct. 31st, 1846, says, "My father, when Bedford was burnt, was a militia captain and lay with his company east of the village -- he had occupied a house on the Stamford road a little south of Mr. Jonathan

o Col. Tarleton, afterwards General Sir Banastre Tarleton, Bart, born in Uvemool, Aug. 81st, 1754 was intended for ye law, commanded ve advanced guard or the patrols which mads General Lee prisoner. Stirring activity made him popular and he was M. P for Liverpool 22 years-- was manied brft died childless Jan'y 23d, 1S33. (ients Mag. Part L p 273.

6 Extracts from " Lifeof James llolmes,"Esq.," printed In 1S15.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Miller's but, fearful of a surprise, he moved up further into a neighboring wood. He afterwards found that the refugees, when they entered Bedford made directly for his house to take' him prisoner, so well were they informed of his whereabouts. The British party were mostly refugees and commanded by Col. James Holmes who belonged to Bedford and was formerly an officer in the American sen-ice, but thinking himself illused in not being promoted, when others, less deserving than he, were, had gone over to the British and received the commission of Lieutenant Colonel. All the houses in Bedford were burnt except one or two, belonging to persons friendly to the royal cause. Holmes, after the war, returned here. Stephen Ambler on this occasion was too late in escaping from the enemy ; trusting too much to the fleetness of his horse, he was overtaken and killed.

James Holmes who belonged to Bedford and was formerly an officer in the American sen-ice, but thinking himself illused in not being promoted, when others, less deserving than he, were, had gone over to the British and received the commission of Lieutenant Colonel. All the houses in Bedford were burnt except one or two, belonging to persons friendly to the royal cause. Holmes, after the war, returned here. Stephen Ambler on this occasion was too late in escaping from the enemy ; trusting too much to the fleetness of his horse, he was overtaken and killed.

Oct. 31st, 1846, Jonathan Mills of Bedford aged eighty-three says, that on the day Pound Ridge was taken, " I was out driving cattle for my father and neighbors, to a place of safety but unfortunately I conducted them right into the hands of the enemy whom I met on my return; they took all the cattle, but after driving them for some distance let them go, so that we obtained them again. Col. Holmes, I think, commanded the party who burned Bedford, and directed his own house to be fired first -- well knowing that he would be paid for it. There were one or two companies of militia posted to guard the roads east of the village ; a portion of the refugees attempted to reach Middle Patent for the purpose of burning the houses of some Whigs there who were obnoxious to the enemy, but when they came to Mahanus River about half a mile from the village on the Middle Patent road they found the bridges destroyed and the streams too deep and muddy to cross." Oct. 29th, 1846, Silas Sutherland of Middle Patent testifies that when Bedford was burnt they fired on their retreat the following houses : Israel Lyons', John Ferris', Peter Lyons', Andrew Sniffins', and a house occupied by Ichabod Ogden where the militia had quarters, and which was afterwards owned and occupied as a tavern by John Smith.

There were one or two companies of militia posted to guard the roads east of the village ; a portion of the refugees attempted to reach Middle Patent for the purpose of burning the houses of some Whigs there who were obnoxious to the enemy, but when they came to Mahanus River about half a mile from the village on the Middle Patent road they found the bridges destroyed and the streams too deep and muddy to cross." Oct. 29th, 1846, Silas Sutherland of Middle Patent testifies that when Bedford was burnt they fired on their retreat the following houses : Israel Lyons', John Ferris', Peter Lyons', Andrew Sniffins', and a house occupied by Ichabod Ogden where the militia had quarters, and which was afterwards owned and occupied as a tavern by John Smith.

Nov. 2d, 1846, Mrs. Patty Holmes, aged ninety-four, says: "We were kept in constant state of alarm in Bedford during the Revolutionary war. Frequent reports were abroad that the Refugees were at the village ; when Pound Ridge was burnt, news arrived that the enemy was coming. An old man named Andrew Miller took his gun to bed with him ; the same night the refugees arrived and carried him off, gun and all, to New York -- where for sometime he was kept in the sugarhouse, till finally his daughters went down and procured his discharge. When the enemy returned from Pound Ridge they burned the house

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD. 73

owned by Col. Holmes, who had gone below to join the British sometime before. I think that the meeting house also was burnt the same day, namely, Friday, July 2nd, when they burnt Bedford nine days afterwards, a widow woman begged them to spare her house, to which they consented -- but finding a brace of pistols up stairs, they fired it.

When the enemy returned from Pound Ridge they burned the house

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD. 73

owned by Col. Holmes, who had gone below to join the British sometime before. I think that the meeting house also was burnt the same day, namely, Friday, July 2nd, when they burnt Bedford nine days afterwards, a widow woman begged them to spare her house, to which they consented -- but finding a brace of pistols up stairs, they fired it. The French army lay in Bedford one night, but the cavalry went on without halting. We were all much pleased to see them, as they came for our protection. Col. Holmes was a clever man, very spirited in speaking, he could not forget his treatment for advancing money to pay his men, which was not refunded, or not paid without great difficulty."

Nov. 2nd, 1846, James Fountain testified, "I am in my seventy-ninth year and remember the battle of White Plains. One Stephen Baxter, from North Salem, who had received a commission of Captain, was here with the refugees at the burning of Bedford. I think they were all refugees that burnt Bedford, about a hundred or a hundred and fifty in number. I saw them pass, as they advanced by the North Castle church road. Benjamin Haves kept a tavern at this time in Bedford and his house (owned by Col. Holmes) was for some reason burnt." Col. Armand the Marquis de la Rouerie was for some time stationed at North Castle and Bedford.

One Stephen Baxter, from North Salem, who had received a commission of Captain, was here with the refugees at the burning of Bedford. I think they were all refugees that burnt Bedford, about a hundred or a hundred and fifty in number. I saw them pass, as they advanced by the North Castle church road. Benjamin Haves kept a tavern at this time in Bedford and his house (owned by Col. Holmes) was for some reason burnt." Col. Armand the Marquis de la Rouerie was for some time stationed at North Castle and Bedford.

On the 15th of July, 1779, General Heath having ascertained that the enemy's shipping had gone down towards New York, moved his troops and took a strong position between Ridgfield and Bedford, sending out patrols of horse and foot on all the roads.*1

On the evening of the 29th of December, 1780, (writes General Heath,) a party of the enemy from Delancey's corps, consisting of about one hundred infantry and fifty horse, came up to North Castle where after a short halt they proceed towards Bedford new purchase. Capt. Pritchard who was posted at Bedford with a company of Continental troops, and some militia, immediately advanced towards them, attacked their van, who retreated, as did their main body. Capt. Pritchard pursued them as far as Young's. It was said that one of the enemy was killed and several wounded who were carried off in a wagon. Four oxen, and between thirty and forty sheep were re-taken, and eight or ten head of cattle were driven oft"; but the captain sustained no injury.6

Pritchard who was posted at Bedford with a company of Continental troops, and some militia, immediately advanced towards them, attacked their van, who retreated, as did their main body. Capt. Pritchard pursued them as far as Young's. It was said that one of the enemy was killed and several wounded who were carried off in a wagon. Four oxen, and between thirty and forty sheep were re-taken, and eight or ten head of cattle were driven oft"; but the captain sustained no injury.6

Upon this affair, James Lyon, of Bedford, aged eighty-seven, Nov. 17th, 1846, says: "I belonged to Capt. Moseman's company of militia and went out with him on several occasions in pursuit of refugees and cow-boys, who had stolen our cattle and sheep. Once, when Capt.

a Heath's Memoirs, pane 270. b Heath's Memoirs, p. 2t>s.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Pritchard was with us, we pursued them to the vicinity of Clarke's Corner. a We had a severe skirmish and recovered part of the cattle.

Isaac Daniels, of Chestnut Ridge, aged eighty-six, Oct. 28th, 1846, relates : " I served for two years under Capt. Marcus Moseman (I believe), in Col. Thomas' regiment. I was in several skirmishes. One of the Kipp's, of De Lancey's Corps, came up to Bedford and drove off a great number of cattle ; Capt. Moseman's Company and other volunteers pursued ; I think Moseman accompanied us, but am not certain ; lie was reported to be rather timorous ; Ephraim Knowlton was our Lieutenant, and a good officer ; he was with us at this time ; we pursued on the road leading to North Castle church, overtook the refugees five or six miles below, when we fired upon Kipp's party, and they abandoned the cattle or most of them; we followed on very fiercely, and were soon after joined by Lieutenant James and three privates of Sheldon's regiment ; all at once, as we gained the top of an eminence, we came upon the main body of the enemy's horse, who were waiting for us over the crest of the hill ; they instantly charged.

Moseman's Company and other volunteers pursued ; I think Moseman accompanied us, but am not certain ; lie was reported to be rather timorous ; Ephraim Knowlton was our Lieutenant, and a good officer ; he was with us at this time ; we pursued on the road leading to North Castle church, overtook the refugees five or six miles below, when we fired upon Kipp's party, and they abandoned the cattle or most of them; we followed on very fiercely, and were soon after joined by Lieutenant James and three privates of Sheldon's regiment ; all at once, as we gained the top of an eminence, we came upon the main body of the enemy's horse, who were waiting for us over the crest of the hill ; they instantly charged. Lieutenant James was badly wounded in the arms and head, and taken prisoner (shortly after paroled); one horseman was dismounted, joined us and escaped ; but the other two were taken ; Thadeus Seely, a private in our Company, was wounded and taken prisoner; none of our company were killed, and no others wounded ; they did not pursue us very far ; we re-took about fifty head of cattle and escaped by taking to the woods; there were about fifty or sixty of us beside Sheldon's Horse ; Capt. Pritchard was not with us at that time. On the morning of the 16th, 1781 " (continues the same authority), " the enemy made an incursion from Morrisania, towards Bedford, and took Lieutenants Carpenter, Wright and Peacock, and five other inhabitants, prisoners ; burnt five houses, plundered and stripped several other inhabitants, and returned; they were pursued by Capt. Pritchard, but could not be overtaken."

Lieutenant James was badly wounded in the arms and head, and taken prisoner (shortly after paroled); one horseman was dismounted, joined us and escaped ; but the other two were taken ; Thadeus Seely, a private in our Company, was wounded and taken prisoner; none of our company were killed, and no others wounded ; they did not pursue us very far ; we re-took about fifty head of cattle and escaped by taking to the woods; there were about fifty or sixty of us beside Sheldon's Horse ; Capt. Pritchard was not with us at that time. On the morning of the 16th, 1781 " (continues the same authority), " the enemy made an incursion from Morrisania, towards Bedford, and took Lieutenants Carpenter, Wright and Peacock, and five other inhabitants, prisoners ; burnt five houses, plundered and stripped several other inhabitants, and returned; they were pursued by Capt. Pritchard, but could not be overtaken."

" Some personal incidents are worthy of being recorded here. David Williams, one of the captors of Major Andre, was a citizen of this town. We are glad to see that the bones of this good man have been removed from Livingston ville, in Schoharie County, N. Y., to Rensselaerville,, Albany County, where it is proposed to mark the place by a suitable monument. Another citizen of Bedford, whose name is given in a note to one of the late editions of Cooper's "Spy" as Elisha H. -- and it has been suggested that the " H " probably stands for Haines or Holmes --

We are glad to see that the bones of this good man have been removed from Livingston ville, in Schoharie County, N. Y., to Rensselaerville,, Albany County, where it is proposed to mark the place by a suitable monument. Another citizen of Bedford, whose name is given in a note to one of the late editions of Cooper's "Spy" as Elisha H. -- and it has been suggested that the " H " probably stands for Haines or Holmes --

a Clarke's Corners were about six miles from Xew Castle church, formed by the intersection of the Tarrytown and Bedford roads; consists of three corners, viz.: the Whits Plain ' and Pine's Hrnljr'i' having joined the Redford and Tarrytown roads half a mile or more north. --McDonald MSS., in possession of Geo. 11. Moore, Esq.

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

is said to have been the most important secret agent employed by Washington during the war."

On one occasion the American officer commanding at Bedford, where there was a depot of provisions, received a note signed E. H., warning him that an attack was about being made by the British forces. The officer sent the paper to Washington who was stationed near the Hudson, who returned it with the endorsement, " Believe whatever E. H.' may tell you. George Washington." This paper fell into the hands of a British officer who sent it to Sir Henry Clinton. Sir Henry sent for " E. H." and after some conversation on other topics showed him his own note with Washington's endorsement, and said, "whose hand writing is that?" The man replied, It is that of Elisha Hadden, the spy whom you hanged yesterday." The calm self-possession of the man quieted Sir Henry's suspicions ; and E. H. left the presence of the British Commander, and never visited him again.

George Washington." This paper fell into the hands of a British officer who sent it to Sir Henry Clinton. Sir Henry sent for " E. H." and after some conversation on other topics showed him his own note with Washington's endorsement, and said, "whose hand writing is that?" The man replied, It is that of Elisha Hadden, the spy whom you hanged yesterday." The calm self-possession of the man quieted Sir Henry's suspicions ; and E. H. left the presence of the British Commander, and never visited him again. It was from a citizen of Bedford, Mr. Jay, that Fenimore Cooper, during one his visits to our town, learned the simple facts in the career of Enoch Crosby, upon which our great novelist based his " Harvey Birch, the spy of the neutral ground," a romance which has been translated into the languages of modern Europe, and also, it is said, into Turkish and Arabic.

His informant had been a member of the New York Committee of Safety, in the beginning of the revolution ; and Enoch Crosby had been the most skillful and faithful of his agents, passing with the Americans as a British Spy and incurring constant and great dangers. This member of the Committee of Safety having been appointed to a foreign mission, reported to Congress before his departure the important services rendered by this agent, and a sum of money was voted as a compensation. When in a secret interview at night he was offered the gold, he declined it with the remark, " that it was not for gold that he had served his country. r- Thus it appears that Bedford did her part in her heroic days.6

This member of the Committee of Safety having been appointed to a foreign mission, reported to Congress before his departure the important services rendered by this agent, and a sum of money was voted as a compensation. When in a secret interview at night he was offered the gold, he declined it with the remark, " that it was not for gold that he had served his country. r- Thus it appears that Bedford did her part in her heroic days.6

A short distance only from the middle Patent road are some singular rocks, one of which from its peculiar shape is called the "Turtle Rock." Looking beneath this curious freak of nature, a beautiful view may be had of the Cohaumag hills, while far off in the West the hill Nonama rises in great splendor. The hilly road West of the village, leading to Mount Kisco, or "Bedford New purchase," passes "Lounsberry Hill" (laid down in General Washington's military map as " Knapp's Hill") the top of which is said to be the highest ground in Westchester County. From the summit of this hill the prospect is uncommonly extensive and

a Heath's Memoirs, pape 274.

b Address of HonWc John Jay, July 7th, 1S76.-- The Recorder, Katonah.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

open. The whole country looks like a map unfolded to the sight; the innumerable enclosures mark a rich land thriving under the hand of the cultivator.

One of the most prominent objects in the immediate vicinity of Bedford village, is the round hill called Aspetong, celebrated for its beautiful views of the surrounding country; its summit affords a favorite resort for parties during the summer season."

b Address of HonWc John Jay, July 7th, 1S76.-- The Recorder, Katonah.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

open. The whole country looks like a map unfolded to the sight; the innumerable enclosures mark a rich land thriving under the hand of the cultivator.

One of the most prominent objects in the immediate vicinity of Bedford village, is the round hill called Aspetong, celebrated for its beautiful views of the surrounding country; its summit affords a favorite resort for parties during the summer season."

A short time since Joseph Reynolds of Bedford, while hunting on the Aspen Ledge, saw and, killed a beautiful wildcat ; two others escaped.

The road proceeding north from the village descends into the valley of the Beaver dam, (Cisqua,) watered by a beautiful stream of the same name, which rises in the adjoining town of Poundridge. In its progress to the Croton, the Beaver dam is fed by the waters of broad and muddy brooks. By the process of gauging, in 1833, (at a fair minimum.) the Beaver dam and Broad Brook yielded four million nine hundred and sixty-three thousand four hundred and eighty gallons per diem.&

The former stream appears to have been in a peculiar manner the haunt of the beaver; hence the origin of the name Beaver dam. This timid animal, (says Van der Donck,) ''always constructed its dwellings over running streams, having apertures in the lower stories which communicated with the water, from which they could more easily retreat under water to places of safety which they have always prepared near their houses; these consist of a hollow or hole entwining under water from the side of the stream whereon their house is erected, and adjoining under the bank into which they retreat on the approach of danger, wherein they seem to be so safe and secure that no person can molest them.

This timid animal, (says Van der Donck,) ''always constructed its dwellings over running streams, having apertures in the lower stories which communicated with the water, from which they could more easily retreat under water to places of safety which they have always prepared near their houses; these consist of a hollow or hole entwining under water from the side of the stream whereon their house is erected, and adjoining under the bank into which they retreat on the approach of danger, wherein they seem to be so safe and secure that no person can molest them. Eighty thousand beavers (the same authority asserts.) were

killed annually, during his residence of nine years in the New Netherlands.""

The beaver's favorite food was the bark of the willow, birch and maple trees, which still nourish on the banks of the Cisqua, (Beaver dam). Rising above the banks of this stream on the west is an extensive ridge called the "Deer's Delight."

It appears that the old road laid out to the vineyard purchase in 1759, "extended north from Harris's mill at the west side of Cantatoe ridge on the east side of the "Deer's Delight," and so through to the purchase.d

a llth May, 1772, John Farnam conveys to James Holmes a lot of laud ljuig iu Bedford near a place called Aspetonjr. b Report of Water Commissioners.

< Van der Donk's Hist. N. N. New York Hist. Sec collect. d Book of Co. Roads, Co. Clerk s office, lib. L. A. D. 1728.

It appears that the old road laid out to the vineyard purchase in 1759, "extended north from Harris's mill at the west side of Cantatoe ridge on the east side of the "Deer's Delight," and so through to the purchase.d

a llth May, 1772, John Farnam conveys to James Holmes a lot of laud ljuig iu Bedford near a place called Aspetonjr. b Report of Water Commissioners.

< Van der Donk's Hist. N. N. New York Hist. Sec collect. d Book of Co. Roads, Co. Clerk s office, lib. L. A. D. 1728.

THE TOWN or BEDFORD.

Deer must have been very numerous here in 1656, for the same authority just quoted says, "the land abounded with them every where, and their numbers appear to remain undiminished; we seldom pass through the fields without seeing deer more or less, and we frequently see them in herds; there are also white bucks and does, and others of a black colour. The Indians aver that the haunts of the white deer are much frequented by the common deer, and that those of the black species are not frequented by the common deer."*

The wolf appears to have abounded in proportion to the other wild game. So destructive had this ferocious animal become in 1694 that the town of Bedford offered "twenty shillings bounty for the killing of wolves."

In the northern part of the town, called " Cantatoe," the place of Katoona's residence, is situated the "Jay homestead;" for four generations the residence and estate of the Jay family, and descending to them from their ancestor Jacobus Van Cortlandt who purchased it of the Indian Sachem Katoonah, in 1703. Here the Hon. John Jay spent the latter part of his life. The house is delightfully situated on a gentle slope backed with high and luxuriant woods.

In the northern part of the town, called " Cantatoe," the place of Katoona's residence, is situated the "Jay homestead;" for four generations the residence and estate of the Jay family, and descending to them from their ancestor Jacobus Van Cortlandt who purchased it of the Indian Sachem Katoonah, in 1703. Here the Hon. John Jay spent the latter part of his life. The house is delightfully situated on a gentle slope backed with high and luxuriant woods. The surrounding scenery is exceedingly picturesque, particularly on the west overlooking the Pepemighting or Kisco, and Ketchawan or Croton valleys, and the hills bordering on the Hudson -- among which is the bold Dunderberg, looking, from this spot, like an inverted bread tray; a sunset view from the ground west of the house is uncommonly grand, and once seen can never be forgotten. The interior of the mansion, which is elegantly furnished, displays on its walls a large and valuable collection of cabinet pictures, and family and historical portraits ; among them are the following, viz : In the hall, George Washington, by Trumbull ; John Adams, by Trumbull ; Thomas Jefferson, after Stewart by Ames ; James Madison, by the same ; De Witt Clinton, John Jay, as Chief Justice ; Judge William Jay, by Huntington ; John Jay, by the same ; President Dwight, of Yale College ; Stephen Peloquir, Mayor of Bristol, who married Frances daughter of Pierre Jay.

In the parlors: Augustus Jay, Esq., born at La Rochelle in France, 1665; came to New York, 1697 -- in evening and full dress -- copy from an old French picture ; the late Mr. William Jay, by West; and the late Judge William Jay as a young man, by Vanderlyn.

The interior of the mansion, which is elegantly furnished, displays on its walls a large and valuable collection of cabinet pictures, and family and historical portraits ; among them are the following, viz : In the hall, George Washington, by Trumbull ; John Adams, by Trumbull ; Thomas Jefferson, after Stewart by Ames ; James Madison, by the same ; De Witt Clinton, John Jay, as Chief Justice ; Judge William Jay, by Huntington ; John Jay, by the same ; President Dwight, of Yale College ; Stephen Peloquir, Mayor of Bristol, who married Frances daughter of Pierre Jay.

In the parlors: Augustus Jay, Esq., born at La Rochelle in France, 1665; came to New York, 1697 -- in evening and full dress -- copy from an old French picture ; the late Mr. William Jay, by West; and the late Judge William Jay as a young man, by Vanderlyn.

The dining-room contains : Judge Egbert Benson, by Stewart ; Stephen Van Renselaer, Lt. Governor, by Stewart ; Alexander Hamila Van der Donk'8 N. N.

"j8 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. *

ton, by Trumbull ; William Livingston, Governor of New Jersey as a boy; Judge William Jay, by Wenzleu; Mrs. John Jay, (Sarah Livingston) wife of Chief Justice John Jay and daughter of William Livingston, Governor of New Jersey, with her children William and Sarah, pastel by Pine; Mrs. H. G. Chapman and child, by Stone; the late H. W. Field, by Nims. Busts of Chief Justice (after a model of Carracio), by Frazee.0

"j8 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER. *

ton, by Trumbull ; William Livingston, Governor of New Jersey as a boy; Judge William Jay, by Wenzleu; Mrs. John Jay, (Sarah Livingston) wife of Chief Justice John Jay and daughter of William Livingston, Governor of New Jersey, with her children William and Sarah, pastel by Pine; Mrs. H. G. Chapman and child, by Stone; the late H. W. Field, by Nims. Busts of Chief Justice (after a model of Carracio), by Frazee.0

Judge William Jay, by Kunzte, and Peter Augustus Jay -- in the Library -- a photograph of Sir Benjamin West -- an unfinished painting of the Negotiation of the Treaty of Peace at Versailles in 1783, with portraits of Jay, Adams, DeFranklin, Temple Franklin, Secretary of the Commission, and Henry Laurens of South Carolina.

Pastel of Josiah Field, and various engravings and portraits of the family -- including Mrs. Maria Banyer and Miss Anne Jay. Among other relics preserved here is the Philipse Family Bible (which came through the Van Cortlandts, Jacobus Van Cortlandt having married Eva Philipse) printed at Amsterdam 1657 by Paulus Aertsz Van Ravesteyn, and the Book of Common Prayer and administration of the Sacraments, &c, printed by John Besket of London, M. D. ccxxiv. Among the entries in the former are the following, "29 Sept., 1698, William 3rd by letters patent granted to Augustus Jay all the rights and privileges of a native bom English subject."

"4th March, 1686, the Governor of New York granted to Augustus Jay letters of denization for the Colony." " Augustus Jay was admitted to the freedom of the city of New York by the Mayor and Aldermen on the 27th of January, 1700." "Augustus Jay 1726 -- born March 23, 1665 -- died 10th of March 1751." In the west end of the house, now used as the library, expired the venerable Chief Justice Jay, on Tuesday the 17th day of May, 1829.

"4th March, 1686, the Governor of New York granted to Augustus Jay letters of denization for the Colony." " Augustus Jay was admitted to the freedom of the city of New York by the Mayor and Aldermen on the 27th of January, 1700." "Augustus Jay 1726 -- born March 23, 1665 -- died 10th of March 1751." In the west end of the house, now used as the library, expired the venerable Chief Justice Jay, on Tuesday the 17th day of May, 1829. "The Hon. John Jay, LL.D., was the eighth child of Peter Jay, of Rye, and Mary Van Cortlandt ; he was born on the 12th of December, 1745, and in 1753 was put to school at New Rochelle. He was graduated at King's College, New York, in 1764, after which he studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1768, and acted as secretary to the Commissioner for running the boundary line' between New York and New Jersey. He was a prominent member of the Congress of 1774, and of that of 1775, and in 1776 assisted in framing the Government of New York. He was elected Chief Justice of that State in May, 1777, and resigned that office in 1779, when elected President of Congress. In September, 1779, he was appointed Minister to Spain ; was one of the signers to the definitive treaty of Peace at

a Frazee executed several busts of Jay from the model of Carracio for the Supreme Court, oue of which was ordered by Congress.

He was a prominent member of the Congress of 1774, and of that of 1775, and in 1776 assisted in framing the Government of New York. He was elected Chief Justice of that State in May, 1777, and resigned that office in 1779, when elected President of Congress. In September, 1779, he was appointed Minister to Spain ; was one of the signers to the definitive treaty of Peace at

a Frazee executed several busts of Jay from the model of Carracio for the Supreme Court, oue of which was ordered by Congress.

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD. 79

Paris in September, 17S3; and returned to America in 1784, having been previously appointed Secretary of State for Foreign affairs. He became Chief Justice of the United States in 1789, and in 1794 was appointed Minister to England ; was Governor of the State of New York from 1795 to 1801, after which he retired from public life.""

A writer truthfully says, "He was one of the wisest statesmen and purest patriots of the days of the war of Independence, and our country has no purer name inscribed on the list of her worthies." The Supreme Court of the State being in session in New York, at the time of his death, the gentlemen of the bar held a meeting and adopted the following resolutions: "Resolved that the members of this bar are impressed with deep grief upon the decease of their illustrious brother John Jay. They find however, a consolation in the reflection, that his conduct through a long and useful life, has given a lustre to our profession, and to this bar; and that while his character for private virtues and public worth has justly endeared him to the nation, his patriotism, his great talents as a statesman, and his great acquirements as a jurist, his eminent purity as a Christian, and his probity as a man, all unite to present him to the public as an example whose radiance points to the attainment of excellence."

They find however, a consolation in the reflection, that his conduct through a long and useful life, has given a lustre to our profession, and to this bar; and that while his character for private virtues and public worth has justly endeared him to the nation, his patriotism, his great talents as a statesman, and his great acquirements as a jurist, his eminent purity as a Christian, and his probity as a man, all unite to present him to the public as an example whose radiance points to the attainment of excellence."

The memory of this great and good man will be embalmed in the heart of every true friend of liberty, virtue and the honor and prosperity of the State of New York and her civil institutions, and as long as the history of this State and Nation shall be known and read.6

ANECDOTE OF JOHN JAY.

One of the purest of American statesmen was John Jay. lie was a patriot in the highest sense of the much-abused word. But he was more than a statesman, and was gifted with a higher virtue than patriotism, for he was a Christian. A paragraph in a letter written to his wife when about retiring fror.i the governorship of New York, discloses the nature of the man. "A few years," he writes, "will put us all in the dust, and then it will be of more importance to me to have governed myself than to have governed a State."

The self-sacrificing character of Mr. Jay's patriotism was exhibited by his acceptance of the office of Minister to England to negotiate the treaty of 1794. The bitter feelings between Great Britain and the United States, created by the Revolutionary War, were so strong as to interfere with the commercial prosperity of the youthful nation.

"A few years," he writes, "will put us all in the dust, and then it will be of more importance to me to have governed myself than to have governed a State."

The self-sacrificing character of Mr. Jay's patriotism was exhibited by his acceptance of the office of Minister to England to negotiate the treaty of 1794. The bitter feelings between Great Britain and the United States, created by the Revolutionary War, were so strong as to interfere with the commercial prosperity of the youthful nation. Mr. Jay, among other statesmen, recognized that it was necessary that a treaty should be made with England. Urging his views upon some friends, he said that so intense was the popular hostility towards the English, that the Minister who should negotiate the treaty would be an object

a Doc Col. Hist, of N. V., vol. Till : p. 469.

b Seammonda Political Hist, of N. Y., Vol. li, p. 310.

8o

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

of public execration. A gentleman remarked that be bad good reasons for thinking Mr. Jay would be selected by President Washington for that position. "If my country demands the sacrifice,'' replied Mr. Jay, "I am read}'."

Mr. Jay was appointed. He went to England, negotiated the treaty, which, though much opposed, was at last ratified by the Senate. But Mr. Jay was for years an object of strong popular hostility. -- The Boston True Flag, test June 24, 1876.

In the same room died on Thursday, Oct. 14, 1858, his second son, Judge William Jay. He was born June 16, 1779, graduated at Yale College in 1807, and studied law at Albany; but having injured his eyes by intense study, relinquished his practice and retired to Bedford. Upon the death of his father in 1829, he acquired the Bedford estate.

Jay was for years an object of strong popular hostility. -- The Boston True Flag, test June 24, 1876.

In the same room died on Thursday, Oct. 14, 1858, his second son, Judge William Jay. He was born June 16, 1779, graduated at Yale College in 1807, and studied law at Albany; but having injured his eyes by intense study, relinquished his practice and retired to Bedford. Upon the death of his father in 1829, he acquired the Bedford estate. He was for several years one of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas for Westchester County. His life was principally devoted to philanthropic labors, and he went to his rest like a stock of corn, fully ripe.

By his wife Augusta McVicker, he had one son the Hon. John Jay, and five daughters, Anna, who married the Rev. Lewis P. W. Balch, D.D., Cannon of Montreal Cathedral; Maria who married John F. Butterworth; Sarah Louisa, who married Alexander M. Brenan, M.D., and Eliza and Augusta the successive wives of Henry Edward Pellew, Esq,

Surrounding the house are ornamental grounds tastefully laid out in flower-beds and shrubbery, and to the left is a fine kitchen garden and green-houses.

Opposite the homestead in the Katonah wood is situated the handsome stone residence of Henry Edward Pellew, Esq. (grandson of Edmund Edward Pellew, Viscount Exmouth, England,) brother-in-law of the Hon. John Jay.

A little East of the Jay homestead, flows Spruce Creek, the former division line between the "Vineyards" and the "Dibble" purchases.

Surrounding the house are ornamental grounds tastefully laid out in flower-beds and shrubbery, and to the left is a fine kitchen garden and green-houses.

Opposite the homestead in the Katonah wood is situated the handsome stone residence of Henry Edward Pellew, Esq. (grandson of Edmund Edward Pellew, Viscount Exmouth, England,) brother-in-law of the Hon. John Jay.

A little East of the Jay homestead, flows Spruce Creek, the former division line between the "Vineyards" and the "Dibble" purchases.

North and East of Cantetoe lies the valley of the Peppeneghek or Cross River, celebrated for its picturesque beauty ; on this romantic stream is situated the Jay Mills, now owned by the Hoyt brothers.

Katonah is a thriving village in the North-west corner of Bedford, situated near the junction of the Croton and Cross Rivers. Upon the latter stream are located several mills and manufactories. The Cross River or Peppeneghek is said to discharge at the rate of nine millions one hundred and forty thousand four hundred gallons per diem.

The settlement contains two churches, a Methodist Episcopal and

THE TOWN OF BEDFORD.

Presbyterian, Rail Road and Telegraph station, Post Office and several stores.

The Methodist Episcopal church which is a new edifice, was erected in 1S78, and was incorporated on the 25th of January, 1837; Norman William Miller, Walter P. Lyon, Joseph Wilson, Joel W. Miller and Noah Smith, Trustees.0

The Peppeneghek and the Cisqua intersect a mile to the eastward. Previous to the erection of the Croton dam, the shad fish annually ascended the river to Katonah or Wittlockville, a distance of nearly thirty miles from the Hudson ; trout are taken here in great abundance. The several tributaries of the Kitchawan or Croton in this town supply a great abundance of mill seats. There is also a small 'stream that runs north from the ullage of Bedford to Long Island Sound (to which we have already alluded) called Myanos River.

Previous to the erection of the Croton dam, the shad fish annually ascended the river to Katonah or Wittlockville, a distance of nearly thirty miles from the Hudson ; trout are taken here in great abundance. The several tributaries of the Kitchawan or Croton in this town supply a great abundance of mill seats. There is also a small 'stream that runs north from the ullage of Bedford to Long Island Sound (to which we have already alluded) called Myanos River. The mills are numerous and more than equal to the wants of the inhabitants. The general surface of Bedford is elevated, though broken by small hills, and valleys, has very little of waste ground. The arable, pasture, and meadow lands, are in very just proportion for a good farming country, and the whole is well watered by springs, brooks, and rivulets, the latter of a good size for mills ; the summits of the hills afford many extensive and interesting prospects, but the hills are stony and hard to till, though they yield good crops of grain, grass, and all the common fruits."

In the vicinity of Bedford sulphuret of iron, and the oxide of iron occur in beds of sand, also quartz, and slate are found in numerous localities.

a Religious Sue. Lib. 8. 69.

THE TOWN

or

OORTLANDT,

This town formerly belonged to the great manor of Cortlandt, which also comprehended the present townships of North Salem, Somers, Yorktown and a large portion of Lewisboro'. The name itself is derived from the the ancient family of the Van Cortlandts', the mesne Lords, and first grantees from the Indians. Under the Mohegans or "enchanted wolf tribe," Cortlandt-town appears to have been divided between the two chiefs of Sachus and Ketchawany -- the former of whom exercised jurisdiction over the lands of Weshqua, Canopus, Wenneebus, Appamaghpogh and Meahagh, a territory extending from the south side of Verplanck's Point to St.

This town formerly belonged to the great manor of Cortlandt, which also comprehended the present townships of North Salem, Somers, Yorktown and a large portion of Lewisboro'. The name itself is derived from the the ancient family of the Van Cortlandts', the mesne Lords, and first grantees from the Indians. Under the Mohegans or "enchanted wolf tribe," Cortlandt-town appears to have been divided between the two chiefs of Sachus and Ketchawany -- the former of whom exercised jurisdiction over the lands of Weshqua, Canopus, Wenneebus, Appamaghpogh and Meahagh, a territory extending from the south side of Verplanck's Point to St. Anthony's nose in the Highlands, whilst the latter held authority over the lands of Kitchawan, lying south of Veq^lanck's Point, including Senasqua neck, (Teller's Point,) and the small island of Oscawana.

The Indian villages in their order were, first, Kitchawonk, situated near the mouth of the Croton, so-called from the original name of the river, viz : " Kitchawan," a term which is descriptive of " a large and swift-flowing current." Croton, the present name of the same stream, is said to have been adopted from an illustrious Sachem of that name who resided here at an early period.

" The first name of importance above the island (remarks Mr. Schoolcraft) is Croton -- a name of classic sound, but unquestionably derived from the Indian, though a corruption of the original, and not originally applied by them to the River.

In a deed dated 16S5. A^jhich is quoted by Judge Benson, the river is called Kitchawan. " Croton as stated by the same authority is a cor-

The Indian villages in their order were, first, Kitchawonk, situated near the mouth of the Croton, so-called from the original name of the river, viz : " Kitchawan," a term which is descriptive of " a large and swift-flowing current." Croton, the present name of the same stream, is said to have been adopted from an illustrious Sachem of that name who resided here at an early period.

" The first name of importance above the island (remarks Mr. Schoolcraft) is Croton -- a name of classic sound, but unquestionably derived from the Indian, though a corruption of the original, and not originally applied by them to the River.

In a deed dated 16S5. A^jhich is quoted by Judge Benson, the river is called Kitchawan. " Croton as stated by the same authority is a cor-

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

ruption of the name of a chief who lived and exercised his authority at the mouth of this stream. It is clearly a derivative from Kenotin or Knoten, or as it is oftener used (without the prefix). Noten, meaning in either case the wind or a tempest. It is a man's name still common in the west and north."0

The Indian castle of Kitchawan (according to tradition) occupied a commanding position on the neck proper, overlooking the Croton and Haverstraw bays, a little northwest of the manor house. This site was chosen for the purpose of protecting the fisheries, and overawing the neighboring tribes. A variety of Indian weapons are occasionally found in the neighborhood, consisting principally of battle-axes, javelins and arrow heads. The Indian burying ground is situated near the entrance of Senasqua Neck, (Teller's Point.) The sachem of Kitchawan in 1641, was Metsewakes.

The Indian castle of Kitchawan (according to tradition) occupied a commanding position on the neck proper, overlooking the Croton and Haverstraw bays, a little northwest of the manor house. This site was chosen for the purpose of protecting the fisheries, and overawing the neighboring tribes. A variety of Indian weapons are occasionally found in the neighborhood, consisting principally of battle-axes, javelins and arrow heads. The Indian burying ground is situated near the entrance of Senasqua Neck, (Teller's Point.) The sachem of Kitchawan in 1641, was Metsewakes.

"Upon the 10th July, 1641, appeared before the counsel, the following chiefs summoned by Oratan, chief of Hackinkesacky, agreeably to the conversation with him on the 27th of May, viz., Sowanare, chief of Weckquaeskek, and Metsewakes, chief of Ketchawangh, alias S'.auper Haven ; they expressed a desire to live on friendly terms with the Dutch, and to detach themselves from the Esopus Indians."6

Upon the 22d of April, 1643, the chief of Hackinkesacky was delegated by the Indians of Kitchawan to conclude a peace with the Director General.0

In 1 644, Mamaronack was chief of the Indians residing on the Kitchawan/'

A. D. 1645, Aepjen chief sachem of the Mohegans signed a treaty of peace in behalf of the Kitchawanghs/

On the 15th of September, 1663, occurs the name of Meghtesewakes, chief of Kitchawan; and in 1699, that of Sackama Wicker. ^

The next Indian village north of the Croton, was Sachus or Sackhoes, which stood near the site of the present village of Peekskill. The chief of this place in the year 1682, was Sirham.

A. D. 1645, Aepjen chief sachem of the Mohegans signed a treaty of peace in behalf of the Kitchawanghs/

On the 15th of September, 1663, occurs the name of Meghtesewakes, chief of Kitchawan; and in 1699, that of Sackama Wicker. ^

The next Indian village north of the Croton, was Sachus or Sackhoes, which stood near the site of the present village of Peekskill. The chief of this place in the year 1682, was Sirham.

The early Dutch maps place the villages of Keskisko, (a name that partly survives in the Kisco River,) Pasquashic, and Noapain south of the Highlands.

The Wappinger Indians occupied the region of St. Anthony's nose and the Kittatenny mountains, (Highlands.)-''

a Pro. N. Y. Ilist. Soc. 1S44, 100.

6 Alb. Rec

c Alb. Rec. li. 220.

(( O'lia Haitian's Hist, K. NT. p. 302.

c N. Y. Hist. Soc. Coll. N. Ser. vol. i. 276.

/ Moultons's History of New York, p. 221.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANOT.

The Indians are said to have been verynumerous in and around Peekskill as late as 1740, especially during the fishing seasons."

At an early period, Teller's Point or neck passed from the native Indian proprietors to William and Sarah Teller. " The point of peninsula, (says Judge Benson,) the northern chop of the bay or entrance into the Croton River, the Skippers called Sarah's Point, the Indians gave it to William and Sarah Teller, husband and wife, and she survived him."6

INDIAN DEED OF SENASQUA. On the 3d of June, 1682, occurs a sale from the Indian proprietors, Ackemak, Jangbeor, Nawakies, Wattatane, Kaegara, Pewengen, Askawanes, Siggeres, Owarxewie, Arronjsack, Serram, Geckawock, Garhanck, Awoejhackias, Annawain, Ogkan, Nennafanck, Wapcken, Sepaacktan and Aweuiaracktow, to Cornelius Van Burgum, consisting of all that parcel neck or point of laud, with the marsh, meadow ground or valley thereto adjoining and belonging, situate, lying, and being on the east side of the North or Hudson's river, over against the Verdrida Hooke, commonly called and known by the name of Slaupcrs Haven, and by the Indians Navish, the meadow being by the Indians called Senasqua, being bounded by the said river and a certain creek called or known to the Indians by the name of Tanrackan and Sepperak, and divided from the main land by certain tries marked by the Indians, together with half the said creek, &c, &c, for and in consideration of a certain sura or quantity of Warapum and divers other goods, paid by Cornelius Van Burgum."

On the 3d of June, 1682, occurs a sale from the Indian proprietors, Ackemak, Jangbeor, Nawakies, Wattatane, Kaegara, Pewengen, Askawanes, Siggeres, Owarxewie, Arronjsack, Serram, Geckawock, Garhanck, Awoejhackias, Annawain, Ogkan, Nennafanck, Wapcken, Sepaacktan and Aweuiaracktow, to Cornelius Van Burgum, consisting of all that parcel neck or point of laud, with the marsh, meadow ground or valley thereto adjoining and belonging, situate, lying, and being on the east side of the North or Hudson's river, over against the Verdrida Hooke, commonly called and known by the name of Slaupcrs Haven, and by the Indians Navish, the meadow being by the Indians called Senasqua, being bounded by the said river and a certain creek called or known to the Indians by the name of Tanrackan and Sepperak, and divided from the main land by certain tries marked by the Indians, together with half the said creek, &c, &c, for and in consideration of a certain sura or quantity of Warapum and divers other goods, paid by Cornelius Van Burgum."

It is certain that sometime prior to 1748, Sarah Teller held the neck as tenant at sufferance under the Van Cortlandt family. A branch of the Teller family was early connected with the Van Cortlandt's by marriage, Andrew Teller in 16.71, having married Sophia, daughter of the Right Hon. Orloff Stevenson Van Cortlandt.

The common ancestor of the Tellers was a Dutch clergyman of some distinction in the New Netherlands.

Upon the 30th of July, 1667, occurs an act of the English Governor and his council, concerning William Teller and his children, wherein the payment of eighty-five beavers is enforced as his daughter's share besides other portions to his remaining children ; one of these was a son named Andries.**

A branch of the Teller family was early connected with the Van Cortlandt's by marriage, Andrew Teller in 16.71, having married Sophia, daughter of the Right Hon. Orloff Stevenson Van Cortlandt.

The common ancestor of the Tellers was a Dutch clergyman of some distinction in the New Netherlands.

Upon the 30th of July, 1667, occurs an act of the English Governor and his council, concerning William Teller and his children, wherein the payment of eighty-five beavers is enforced as his daughter's share besides other portions to his remaining children ; one of these was a son named Andries.**

The names of Jacob Teller en zyn huys vtow (and his wife) occur in the church books of Sleepy Hollow.

Upon the 14th of July, 1800, the heirs of William Teller, conveyed part of the neck to Elijah Morgan of Cortlandt-town ; 6th of November,

n This Is fttiitccl on the authority of Mr. MancMlle of Pcekskill.

6 Benson's >lcm. of the State of N. Y., 47.

e Co. Rec. Lib, A. p. 183.

d Surrogate's office, New York, 30.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

1804, Elijah Morgan, Jr., and Ann his wife, re-sold the same to Robert Underhill; on the 16th of August, 1804, Robert McCord and wife conveyed another portion of the neck to Robert Underhill ; upon the death of the latter individual, the whole became vested in his two sons, the present proprietors of Crotoii Point.

In 1683, the Hon. Stcphanus Van Cortlandt, purchased of the native Indian proprietors the territory of Meahagh, (Verplanck's Point,) and the lands east thereof called Appamaghpogh, as follows :

1804, Elijah Morgan, Jr., and Ann his wife, re-sold the same to Robert Underhill; on the 16th of August, 1804, Robert McCord and wife conveyed another portion of the neck to Robert Underhill ; upon the death of the latter individual, the whole became vested in his two sons, the present proprietors of Crotoii Point.

In 1683, the Hon. Stcphanus Van Cortlandt, purchased of the native Indian proprietors the territory of Meahagh, (Verplanck's Point,) and the lands east thereof called Appamaghpogh, as follows :

INDIAN DEED OF MEAHAGH.

To all Christian people to -whom this present writing shall come, Pewemine, Oskewans, Turham, Querawighint, Siccham, Isighers and Prackises, all Indians, true and rightful owners and proprietors of the land hereinafter mentioned as for themselves and the rest of their relations send, greeting, know te that for and in consideration of the sum of twelve pounds in wampum and several other merchandises, as by a schedule hereunto annexed more at large, doth and may appear to them the same Indians in hand paid before the ensealing and delivering thereof, receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, and for other divers causes and considerations, they, the said Indians have granted, bargained and sold, aliened, enfeoffed and confirmed, and by these presents do fully, clearly aud absolutely grant, bargain, sell, alien, eufeof, and confirm unto Stephamis Van Cortlandt of the city of New York, merchant, his heirs or assignees forever, all that certain tract or parcel of land situate, lying or being on the east side* of the Huoson River, at the entering of the Highlands, just over against Haverstraw, lying on the south side of the creek called Tammoesis, and from thence easterly in the woods to the head of the creek called Kewightahagh, and so along said creek northerly to the Hudson River, and thence westerly to the utmost point of the said tract of land, and from thence southerly along said Hudson River to the aforenamed creek, Tammoesis, which said tract or parcel of land known by the Indians by the name of Appamaghpogh and Meahagh, including all the lands, soils, meadows and woods within the circuit and bounds aforesaid, together with all, and singular the trees, timber-woods, under-woods, swamps, runs, marshes, meadows, rivulets, streams, creeks, waters, lakes, pools, ponds, fishing, hunting, fowling aud whatsoever else to the said tract or parcel of land within the bounds and limits aforesaid, is belonging or in airy wise appertaining without any restriction whatsoever, to have and to noLD the said parcel or tract of land, and all and singular and other the premises aud every part and parcel thereof unto the said Stcphanus Van Cortlandt. his heirs and assignees, to the sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof of him, the said Stcphanus his heirs and assignees forever, and they, the said Indians do for themselves, their heirs and every of them consent, promise and engage, that the said Stcphanus Van Cortlandt his heirs and assignees shall and may from henceforth and forever lawfully, peaceably and quietly have, hold, possess and enjoy the said tract or parcel of land, and all and singular the other the premises with their appurtenances without either let, hindrance, disturbance or interruption of or by them, the said Indian proprietors, or their heirs or any other person or per-

To all Christian people to -whom this present writing shall come, Pewemine, Oskewans, Turham, Querawighint, Siccham, Isighers and Prackises, all Indians, true and rightful owners and proprietors of the land hereinafter mentioned as for themselves and the rest of their relations send, greeting, know te that for and in consideration of the sum of twelve pounds in wampum and several other merchandises, as by a schedule hereunto annexed more at large, doth and may appear to them the same Indians in hand paid before the ensealing and delivering thereof, receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, and for other divers causes and considerations, they, the said Indians have granted, bargained and sold, aliened, enfeoffed and confirmed, and by these presents do fully, clearly aud absolutely grant, bargain, sell, alien, eufeof, and confirm unto Stephamis Van Cortlandt of the city of New York, merchant, his heirs or assignees forever, all that certain tract or parcel of land situate, lying or being on the east side* of the Huoson River, at the entering of the Highlands, just over against Haverstraw, lying on the south side of the creek called Tammoesis, and from thence easterly in the woods to the head of the creek called Kewightahagh, and so along said creek northerly to the Hudson River, and thence westerly to the utmost point of the said tract of land, and from thence southerly along said Hudson River to the aforenamed creek, Tammoesis, which said tract or parcel of land known by the Indians by the name of Appamaghpogh and Meahagh, including all the lands, soils, meadows and woods within the circuit and bounds aforesaid, together with all, and singular the trees, timber-woods, under-woods, swamps, runs, marshes, meadows, rivulets, streams, creeks, waters, lakes, pools, ponds, fishing, hunting, fowling aud whatsoever else to the said tract or parcel of land within the bounds and limits aforesaid, is belonging or in airy wise appertaining without any restriction whatsoever, to have and to noLD the said parcel or tract of land, and all and singular and other the premises aud every part and parcel thereof unto the said Stcphanus Van Cortlandt. his heirs and assignees, to the sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof of him, the said Stcphanus his heirs and assignees forever, and they, the said Indians do for themselves, their heirs and every of them consent, promise and engage, that the said Stcphanus Van Cortlandt his heirs and assignees shall and may from henceforth and forever lawfully, peaceably and quietly have, hold, possess and enjoy the said tract or parcel of land, and all and singular the other the premises with their appurtenances without either let, hindrance, disturbance or interruption of or by them, the said Indian proprietors, or their heirs or any other person or per-

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

sons claiming, or that shall hereafter, shall or may claim, by from under them or either of them, and that they shall and will upon the reasonable request a^nd demand made by the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, give and deliver peaceable and quiet possession of the said tract and piircel of land and premises, or of some part thereof and in the room of the whole under such person or persons, as by the said Stephanus Van Courtlandt shall be appointed to receive the same, in witness whereof the said Indians Pewemind, Oskewans, Turham, Querawighint, Siecham, Isighers, and Prackises, the Indian owners and proprietors aforesaid, have hereunto set their hands and seals in New York, this twenty fourth day of August, in the thirty-fifth year of his majesties reign, Anno Domini. 1683.

Signed and delivered in presence of us, Francis Iiambolett, Gulian Vcrplanck.

This is the mark of O Pewemind,

This in the marke of Oskewans,

The mark of W

Siecham, This is the mark of H

Isighers, The mark of *i

Prackises, The mark of O

Turham, The mark of S

Quercwighnit.

A schedule or list of goods paid by Stephanus Van Cortlandt, in his deed expressed.

8 guns,

9 blankets, 5 coats,

14 fathom of Duffels, 14 kettles,

40 fathoms of black Wampum, 80 fathoms of white Wampum, 2 ankers of rum,

5 half vats of strong beer,

6 earthen jugs,

12 shirts,

50 pounds of powder, 30 bars of lead, 18 hatchets, 18 hoes, 14 knives, a small coat,

Turham, The mark of S

Quercwighnit.

A schedule or list of goods paid by Stephanus Van Cortlandt, in his deed expressed.

8 guns,

9 blankets, 5 coats,

14 fathom of Duffels, 14 kettles,

40 fathoms of black Wampum, 80 fathoms of white Wampum, 2 ankers of rum,

5 half vats of strong beer,

6 earthen jugs,

12 shirts,

50 pounds of powder, 30 bars of lead, 18 hatchets, 18 hoes, 14 knives, a small coat,

6 fathom of stroud water cloth, 6 pair of stockings, 6 tobacco boxes.

This purchase was afterwards confirmed to Stephanus Van Cortlandt) to be holden of his majesty and his successors in common soccage according to the tenure of East Greenwich in England, the patentee paying yearly therefore (as a quit rent,) two bushels of good winter wheat.

The following year Thomas Dekay, Richard Abramsen, Jacob Abramsen, Sybout Harche, Jacob Harche and Samuel Dekay, "obtained liberty and license to purchase of the Indians, (each of them.) three hundred acres of land, lying and being in the high lands by the north of

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Stephen Van Cortlandt's land, which is called by the Indians, Wenebees, lying between two creeks, over against the Thunder hill, (I)underburgh,) on the east side of the river, &c. Signed Thomas Dongan."0

The same year Thomas Dekay, Richard Abramsen, Jacob Abramsen, Sybout Harche, Jacob Harche, and Samuel Dekay, purchased of the Indians, Sirham, Sachem of Sachus, Pannskapham, Charrish, Askewaen, Pewinenien and Sickham, eighteen hundred acres of land, "situate on the highlands north of Stephanus Van Cortlandt's land, which is called by the Indians Wenebees, &c."

Stephen Van Cortlandt's land, which is called by the Indians, Wenebees, lying between two creeks, over against the Thunder hill, (I)underburgh,) on the east side of the river, &c. Signed Thomas Dongan."0

The same year Thomas Dekay, Richard Abramsen, Jacob Abramsen, Sybout Harche, Jacob Harche, and Samuel Dekay, purchased of the Indians, Sirham, Sachem of Sachus, Pannskapham, Charrish, Askewaen, Pewinenien and Sickham, eighteen hundred acres of land, "situate on the highlands north of Stephanus Van Cortlandt's land, which is called by the Indians Wenebees, &c."

The above grantees on the 21st of April, 1685, made a second purchase of land from the same native proprietors consisting of:

INDIAN DEED OF SACHUS.

"All that tract or parcel of land situate, lying and being on Hudson's River at a certain place called by the Indians Sachus, and stretching by the north side of Mr. Stephanus Van Cortlandt's land to the said river to another creek, and so runs up said creek in several courses to a certain tree marked with R, and from the 3aid marked tree southerly by marked trees all along to a marsh to another marked tree, marked R, west, up to the aforesaid creek which lies by said Mr. Stephanus Van Cortlandt's land, &c, &c."

Here followeth the schedule or particular of wampum and goods paid for the said land.

100 fathoms of white wampum, 15 bottles,

60 guilders of silver, 15 pair of stockings,

8 fowling pieces, 12 coopers knives,

8 blankets, 6 bullet moulds,

10 match coats, 15 axes,

Stephanus Van Cortlandt's land to the said river to another creek, and so runs up said creek in several courses to a certain tree marked with R, and from the 3aid marked tree southerly by marked trees all along to a marsh to another marked tree, marked R, west, up to the aforesaid creek which lies by said Mr. Stephanus Van Cortlandt's land, &c, &c."

Here followeth the schedule or particular of wampum and goods paid for the said land.

100 fathoms of white wampum, 15 bottles,

60 guilders of silver, 15 pair of stockings,

8 fowling pieces, 12 coopers knives,

8 blankets, 6 bullet moulds,

10 match coats, 15 axes,

8 brass kettles, 15 hoes,

6 stroud water coats, 40 knives,

50 yards of stroud water, 2 rolls of tobacco,

15 shirts, 3 lead ladles,

40 bars of lead, 100 Indian awls,6

15 earthon jugs cont. 50 lbs powder, 20 tobacco boxes, 1000 fish hooks. 200 needles,

3 pistols, 2 swords,

100 tobacco pipes, 8 coats,

1 anker of rum, 4 half vats of beer.

Signed sealed and delivered in the presence of Brant Schuyler, Levinius V. Schayck, George Brewerton.

The mark of k* Weskhewen Sachem,

The mark of X Tupaine,

The mark of 63 Amterone,

The mark of Shaphame."

a Co. Rec. Lib. A. fol. 189, date of license, 6th of March, 1CS4. The principal part of the above purchase Is now covered by the farm of John McCoy. 6 I'sed iti nurforatiiiK wampum. c Book of Pat. Alb. vol. v. 87.

Signed sealed and delivered in the presence of Brant Schuyler, Levinius V. Schayck, George Brewerton.

The mark of k* Weskhewen Sachem,

The mark of X Tupaine,

The mark of 63 Amterone,

The mark of Shaphame."

a Co. Rec. Lib. A. fol. 189, date of license, 6th of March, 1CS4. The principal part of the above purchase Is now covered by the farm of John McCoy. 6 I'sed iti nurforatiiiK wampum. c Book of Pat. Alb. vol. v. 87.

THE TOWN OF CORTLAXDT.

A third sale from Sirham, Indian sachem of Sachus, and other Indians, occurs on the 25th of June, 1685, to Jacobus Dekay, &c.

INDIAN DEED OF WISHQUA. "Of all that tract or parcel of land, situate and being on the east side of Hudson's River, commonly called and known by the name of Wishqua, beginning at the great creek, called by the Indians John Peake's creek, it being in the mouth of the vest side of the said creek and so running up along the said river to another small creek and fall, including all fresh and salt meadows within the said bounds, together with all. &c, &c, for the value of four hundred guilders, seawant."11

The Indian territory of Sachus was subsequently confirmed by Royal Patent on the 23d day of December, 1685, Teunis Dekay and his associates in the following manner :

THE ROYAL PATENT OF SACHUS. Thomas Dongan, Lieut. Governor and Vice Admiral of New York, and its dependencies, under his majesty James the Second, by the grace of God, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, King, defender of the faith, &c, Supreme Lord and proprietor of the colony and province of New York, and its dependencies in America, &c. To all whom this shall come, sendeth greeting; whereas, Teunis Dekay, Richard Abramsen, Jacob Abramsen, Sybout Harchie, Jacob Harcbie and Samuel Dekay, all of the city of New York, have by virtue of my order lyceuse, bearing date the Gth day of March, Anno Domini, 1084-5, according to the law and practice of the said Province, for a valuable consideration purchased of the natives and Indian owners, their right, title, interest, clayuie and demand of, in and to all that certain tract or parcel of land herein after mentioned and expressed, for their own proper uses and behoofs as by the Indian deed of sale, bearing date the 21st day of April, A.

To all whom this shall come, sendeth greeting; whereas, Teunis Dekay, Richard Abramsen, Jacob Abramsen, Sybout Harchie, Jacob Harcbie and Samuel Dekay, all of the city of New York, have by virtue of my order lyceuse, bearing date the Gth day of March, Anno Domini, 1084-5, according to the law and practice of the said Province, for a valuable consideration purchased of the natives and Indian owners, their right, title, interest, clayuie and demand of, in and to all that certain tract or parcel of land herein after mentioned and expressed, for their own proper uses and behoofs as by the Indian deed of sale, bearing date the 21st day of April, A. D., 1G85, remaining upon record in the secretary's office of the said province may more fully and at large appear ; and whereas Samuel Dekay, one of the purchasers is since deceased, and Jacobus Dekay his father hath since his decease desired that his said purchase and share may be confirmed unto his grand sonne, Jacob Dekay, to him, his heirs and assigns for ever. Now kuow ye that by virtue of my commission and authority devised unto me, and power in me residing, in consideration of the quit rent, hereinafter received, I have given, granted, ratified and confirmed, and by these presents do give, grant, ratify and confirm unto the said Teunis Dekay Richard Abramsen, Jacob Abramsen, Sybout Harchie, Jacob Harchie, and Jacobus Dekay, jun., all that certain tract or parcel of land situate, lying, and being on Hudson's river, at a certain place called by the Indians Sachus, and stretching by the north side of Stephauus Van Cortlandt, his lar.d up to the said river, to another creek, and so runs up said creek in several courses, to a certain tree marked with T R, and from the said marked trees southerly by marked trees all along to a marsh, to another tree marked with T

Now kuow ye that by virtue of my commission and authority devised unto me, and power in me residing, in consideration of the quit rent, hereinafter received, I have given, granted, ratified and confirmed, and by these presents do give, grant, ratify and confirm unto the said Teunis Dekay Richard Abramsen, Jacob Abramsen, Sybout Harchie, Jacob Harchie, and Jacobus Dekay, jun., all that certain tract or parcel of land situate, lying, and being on Hudson's river, at a certain place called by the Indians Sachus, and stretching by the north side of Stephauus Van Cortlandt, his lar.d up to the said river, to another creek, and so runs up said creek in several courses, to a certain tree marked with T R, and from the said marked trees southerly by marked trees all along to a marsh, to another tree marked with T

o Alb. Book of Pat. Vol. v.

9°

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

R, west of the aforesaid creek which lyes by said Stephanus Van Cortlandt's land, including all the meadows both fresh and salt within said bounds containing in all 1800 acres, or thereabouts, together with all, and all manner of rivers, rivukts, runs, streams, waters, feedings, pastures, woods, underwoods, trees, swamps, moors, marshes, meadows, easments, profits and commodities, fishing, fowling, hunting and hawking, and all other appurtenances whatsoever, to the said tract or parcel of land within the bounds and limits, aforesaid belonging, or in any wise appertaining to have and to hold, the said tract or parcel of land, and all and singular other the premises unto the said Tennis Dckay. Ac., their heirs and assigns for ever, to their sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof, of them the said Tenuis Dekay, &c, and their heirs and assigns forever to be holden in free and common soccage according to the tenure of East Greenwich in the County of Kent in his majesties kingdom of England, yielding, rendering, and paying therefor, every year, for the use of our Sovereign Lord the King's majesty, his heirs or successors in such affair or affairs, as by hint or them shall be appointed to receive the same, ten bushels of good winter merchantable wheat, yearly, on the five and twentieth day of March, at the city of Xew York.

Ac., their heirs and assigns for ever, to their sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof, of them the said Tenuis Dekay, &c, and their heirs and assigns forever to be holden in free and common soccage according to the tenure of East Greenwich in the County of Kent in his majesties kingdom of England, yielding, rendering, and paying therefor, every year, for the use of our Sovereign Lord the King's majesty, his heirs or successors in such affair or affairs, as by hint or them shall be appointed to receive the same, ten bushels of good winter merchantable wheat, yearly, on the five and twentieth day of March, at the city of Xew York. And for the better preserving the title of the above recited parcel of land and premises I have caused these presents to be entered in the secretary's office, of this province. Given under my hand and sealed with the seal of the province at Fort James in New York, the 23d day of December, A. D., 1G85.«

Thomas Dosgas.

The above patent, commonly called " Ryck's Patent," passed by purchase to Hercules Lent, as appears by certain releases, the first bearing date 20th of April, 17 15, wherein Jacob Abramsen, of ye upper Yon< kers one of the original patentees, for the consideration of ^150, confirms Hercules Lent, yeoman, in all his right, title and interest in ye patent called Ryck Abramsen's Patent.''

The Rikers or Rycke's Lents and Krankheyts " were of common origin in Germany and located at a very remote period in Lower Saxony where they enjoyed a state of allodial independence, at that day regarded as constituting nobility. They there possessed the estate, or manor of Rycken, from which they took their name, then written Von Rycken, indicating its territorial derivation." " Hans Von Rycken. the lord of the manor, and a valiant knight with his cousin, Melchior Von Rycken, who lived in Holland, took part in the first crusade to the Holy Land, in 1096, heading 800 crusaders in the army of Walter the Penniless.

The Rikers or Rycke's Lents and Krankheyts " were of common origin in Germany and located at a very remote period in Lower Saxony where they enjoyed a state of allodial independence, at that day regarded as constituting nobility. They there possessed the estate, or manor of Rycken, from which they took their name, then written Von Rycken, indicating its territorial derivation." " Hans Von Rycken. the lord of the manor, and a valiant knight with his cousin, Melchior Von Rycken, who lived in Holland, took part in the first crusade to the Holy Land, in 1096, heading 800 crusaders in the army of Walter the Penniless. Melchior lived to return, but Hans perished in that ill-fated expedition." " In time the descendants of Melchior Van Rycken extended themselves from Holland to the region of the Rhine and into Switzerland." " In the Spanish war Capt. Jacob Simons de Rycke, a wealthy corn merchant of Amsterdam, and a warm part'zan of the Prince of Orange, disa Alb. nook of Pat. Lib. &. fol. 114 to 117, Co. Rec»Lib. L p. 145. 6 Co. Rcc, Lib., E., 15T.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

tinguished himself by his military services." His son Jacob de Rycke was probably the father of Abraham de Rycke who emigrated to this country in 1638, as he received in that year an allotment of land from Gov. Kicft, for which he afterward took out a patent, dated Aug. 8, 1640. He died in 1689, leaving his farm by will to his son Abraham. By his wife Girtie, daughter of Hendrick Hermensen, he had nine children-- Ryck Abramsen of Cortland manor who adopted the name of Lent; 2, Jacob, born 1640, died young; 3, Jacob born 1643, united with his brother Ryck in purchashing Ryck's patent. This grant was indeed in the manual limits; 4, Hendrick, born 1646, died young; 5, Mary, born 1649, married Sibout H.

He died in 1689, leaving his farm by will to his son Abraham. By his wife Girtie, daughter of Hendrick Hermensen, he had nine children-- Ryck Abramsen of Cortland manor who adopted the name of Lent; 2, Jacob, born 1640, died young; 3, Jacob born 1643, united with his brother Ryck in purchashing Ryck's patent. This grant was indeed in the manual limits; 4, Hendrick, born 1646, died young; 5, Mary, born 1649, married Sibout H. Krankheyt of Cortlandt manor; 6, John, born 165 1, his descendants are to be found in New Jersey ; 7 Alctta, born 1653, married Capt. John Harmense of the manor of Cortlandt; 8, Abraham, born 1655 ; 9, Hendrick, born 1662."

" Ryck Abramsen Lent, eldest son of Abraham Rycken, married Catrina, daughter of Harek Siboutsen, and in 1685 with others purchased of the Indians an extensive tract of land, north of Cortlandt, called "Sachus." He settled upon this tract, which thence took the name of Ryck's Patent. He served as au elder in the Sleepy Hollow church; was much respected and died at a good old age. His will was made March 30, 1720, and was proved March 28, 1723. His children were Elizabeth, marr. Thomas Heyert, Abraham, Ryck, Harek, Mayant, marr. Thos. Benson and Catharine, marr. to Joseph Jones. "a

On the 29th of December, 1729, Sybout Harchie Krankhyte, Hercules Johnse Krankhyte, and Jacobus Krankhyte, release to Hercules Lent " a certain tract of land on the east side of Hudson's river, at a certain place called by the Indians, Sachus, and is bounded on the north, east, and south, by the manor of Cortlandt, and on the west by Hudson's river, aforesaid containing 1800 acres, reference being had to a certain patent granted by Thos. Dongan, &c, &c."b The following receipts are for quit rents, due on the Ryck Patent :

On the 29th of December, 1729, Sybout Harchie Krankhyte, Hercules Johnse Krankhyte, and Jacobus Krankhyte, release to Hercules Lent " a certain tract of land on the east side of Hudson's river, at a certain place called by the Indians, Sachus, and is bounded on the north, east, and south, by the manor of Cortlandt, and on the west by Hudson's river, aforesaid containing 1800 acres, reference being had to a certain patent granted by Thos. Dongan, &c, &c."b The following receipts are for quit rents, due on the Ryck Patent :

Received of Mr. Philip Van Cortlandt, three hundred and eighty bushels of wheat for thirty-eight years quit rent, due to his majesty from the within patent, and in full for the said time. Witness my hand this 28th day of December, r726.

Archibald Kennedy, Rec. Gen.

Received of Hercules Lent, twenty bushels of wheat for two years quarter upon the within tracts in full to the 25th of March last. Witness my hand this second of May, 1729.

Archibald Kennedy, Rec. Gen.

a Anna's i,f Newtown bv .lames Riker, Junr.

b The original document is in the possession of Mi. Natal. Btdle, of Peekskiil.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

In A.D. 1766, Hercules Lent, of Ryck's Patent, bequeathed his lands by will to his children in the following order:

"Item. I give and devise to my son Jacob, all that farm he now lives on, containing 350 acres, lying and being, &c, on the south-east part of a tract of land formerly granted to my father, Ryck Abramsen Lent and others, which is commonly known by the name of Ryck's Patent, and by the Indian name of Sackhoes, to have and to hold, &c. To my son Hendrick, all that farm I now live on, containing 350 acres, in the south-west part of Ryck's Patent.

I give and devise to my son Jacob, all that farm he now lives on, containing 350 acres, lying and being, &c, on the south-east part of a tract of land formerly granted to my father, Ryck Abramsen Lent and others, which is commonly known by the name of Ryck's Patent, and by the Indian name of Sackhoes, to have and to hold, &c. To my son Hendrick, all that farm I now live on, containing 350 acres, in the south-west part of Ryck's Patent.

To my son Abraham, all that land he lives on. containing 350 acres, adjoining to Hudson's river, and on the south side of the aforesaid devised to my son Hendrick.

To my grandchildren, Abram Lamb, Jane Lamb, Ira Lamb, Rachel Lamb, and Rachel, wife of James Lamb, (the father and mother of the said children,) all that part of my lands and meadows situate, lying and being in Orange county, by Hudson's river, known by the name of Stony Point. To my daughter Catharine, wife of Hendrick de Ronde, lands by Stony Point.""1

The descendants of the testator are still numerous in Cortlandt-town. Hercules Lent, a great grandson of the patentee, holds a portion of the patrimonial estate and occupies the family homestead. On the west bank of the Annsville creek was situated the property of John Krankhyte, consisting of 300 acres.

The lands of Kitchawan, in this town, were conveyed by the native Indians in 1 6S6, to Thomas Dongan, Captain General, and Governorin-chief, and Vice Admiral in, and over, the Province of New York and territories depending thereon, in America, under his majesty James II, by the grace of God, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, King, defender of the faith, &c.

On the west bank of the Annsville creek was situated the property of John Krankhyte, consisting of 300 acres.

The lands of Kitchawan, in this town, were conveyed by the native Indians in 1 6S6, to Thomas Dongan, Captain General, and Governorin-chief, and Vice Admiral in, and over, the Province of New York and territories depending thereon, in America, under his majesty James II, by the grace of God, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, King, defender of the faith, &c.

To all whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting: Whereas, Eniigent, Askewans, Pcnarand, and Tagehkint, natives and principal owners of the tract of land commonly called or known by the Indian name of Ketchtawong, did in and by their certain deed or writing, under their hands and seals, Dealing date the clay of August now last past, for the consideration therein mentioned, grant, bargain, sell, alien, enfoeffe and confirms unto me the said Thomas Dor.gan, my heirs ami assigns, all that tract or parcel of land situate, lying and being on the east side of Hudson's River, within the county of West Chester, beginning at Kechtawoug Creek, and so running along Hudson's river northerly to the laud of Stephanos Van Cortlandt, from thence to the eastwardmost end of the said Van Cortlandt's laud and from thence to a great fresh water pond called Keakates. and from the said pond along the creek that runs out of the said pond into Kitchtawan creek, and so downward on the south side of the said creek to Hudson's river, including all the land, soil and meadow within the bounds and

To all whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting: Whereas, Eniigent, Askewans, Pcnarand, and Tagehkint, natives and principal owners of the tract of land commonly called or known by the Indian name of Ketchtawong, did in and by their certain deed or writing, under their hands and seals, Dealing date the clay of August now last past, for the consideration therein mentioned, grant, bargain, sell, alien, enfoeffe and confirms unto me the said Thomas Dor.gan, my heirs ami assigns, all that tract or parcel of land situate, lying and being on the east side of Hudson's River, within the county of West Chester, beginning at Kechtawoug Creek, and so running along Hudson's river northerly to the laud of Stephanos Van Cortlandt, from thence to the eastwardmost end of the said Van Cortlandt's laud and from thence to a great fresh water pond called Keakates. and from the said pond along the creek that runs out of the said pond into Kitchtawan creek, and so downward on the south side of the said creek to Hudson's river, including all the land, soil and meadow within the bounds and

a SuiTOKiiU-'s Office, N. Y., NO. 25. 337.

*

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

limits aforesaid, together with, &c. And whereas I, the said Thomas Dongau, in and hy a certain deed under my hand and seal, bearing date 12th day of October, did grant and sell over unto John Knights, of the city of New York, all my right and title in the same, &c.

a SuiTOKiiU-'s Office, N. Y., NO. 25. 337.

*

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

limits aforesaid, together with, &c. And whereas I, the said Thomas Dongau, in and hy a certain deed under my hand and seal, bearing date 12th day of October, did grant and sell over unto John Knights, of the city of New York, all my right and title in the same, &c.

I do, by these presents, ratif y and confirm the same to John Knights, this 20th day of March, f G86.

Upon the 20th of April, 1687, we find a conveyance from John Knight, gent., to his Excellency, Governor Dongan, of the same territory, called Kitchta\vong.a

It will be seen hereafter that the royal patent of the manor of Cortlandt recites " sundry grants," made by Governor Dongan to the patentee. One of which was doubtless the above conveyance. Col. Stephanus Van Cortlandt subsequently received a confirmation for the same, from the Indians, bearing date August the 8th, 1699.

" We, Sachima.Wicker, sachem of Kightawonck, Koraghfall, Awoghran. Moninghme, a squaw, Marackencgh.asquaw, Poking, aboy,Wighquekamceck,Queen, a boy, Massarcctt, llowogarint, Johnny Taparinock, Oghgniaw c, Orraragpuock, Pagkcrngkinck, Kavisson, Mighegaroe Tapugh, a squaw Tappawahigh, a squaw, AratissanckMaentigrookass, his Kapoaghpurmin Sawappawall, all right, just, natural owners and proprietors of all the land hereinafter mentioned, lying and being witliin the bounds and limits of the marrinersof Cortlandt, &c ,&C, have sold, for a certaiu sum of money, all that tract and parcel of land situate, lying and being in the manor of Cortlandt, in West Chester county, beginning on the south side of Kightr.wonck Creek, and so along the said creek to a place called Kewighecork, and from thence along a creek called Peppeneghek, to the head thereof, and then due east to the limits of Connecticut, being the easternmost bounds of said manner, and from thence northerly along the limits of Connecticut aforesaid to the river Mattegtecos ten miles, and from thence due west to Hudson's river, together with all the lands, soils, &c, &c.

Moninghme, a squaw, Marackencgh.asquaw, Poking, aboy,Wighquekamceck,Queen, a boy, Massarcctt, llowogarint, Johnny Taparinock, Oghgniaw c, Orraragpuock, Pagkcrngkinck, Kavisson, Mighegaroe Tapugh, a squaw Tappawahigh, a squaw, AratissanckMaentigrookass, his Kapoaghpurmin Sawappawall, all right, just, natural owners and proprietors of all the land hereinafter mentioned, lying and being witliin the bounds and limits of the marrinersof Cortlandt, &c ,&C, have sold, for a certaiu sum of money, all that tract and parcel of land situate, lying and being in the manor of Cortlandt, in West Chester county, beginning on the south side of Kightr.wonck Creek, and so along the said creek to a place called Kewighecork, and from thence along a creek called Peppeneghek, to the head thereof, and then due east to the limits of Connecticut, being the easternmost bounds of said manner, and from thence northerly along the limits of Connecticut aforesaid to the river Mattegtecos ten miles, and from thence due west to Hudson's river, together with all the lands, soils, &c, &c.

Signed, scaled and delivered in the presence of John Nanfan, A Depeyeter, James Graham, A. Livingston. "&

INDIAN DEED OF KEWIGIIELOCK.

B&ckiroa wee, 1 sachem of Kichtawank, N his mark, Corachpa, !» Wechrepua, <J Monrechro, j& a squaw,

Manackawagh, a squaw, m Pooghkiuk, a lad 15 years of age, g signer of the rights of his father,

Her mark I Tapahuck, a squaw. The mark of O Sawappen, a squaw,

\{ Arahsant, X Maantick, A Kakiskagin, a squaw, O Ackparum, a squaw, V Ockququqrie, D Oranack Pank, QQ Paghkinekink M Rawefen, O Michhacharo, O Papruch. a squaw, i-a Wighquach kanno, N Quez. a youth 13 years old, -- Masacott, ■"C Koocparen, O Jonyeo, P Taparnmck.

Manackawagh, a squaw, m Pooghkiuk, a lad 15 years of age, g signer of the rights of his father,

Her mark I Tapahuck, a squaw. The mark of O Sawappen, a squaw,

\{ Arahsant, X Maantick, A Kakiskagin, a squaw, O Ackparum, a squaw, V Ockququqrie, D Oranack Pank, QQ Paghkinekink M Rawefen, O Michhacharo, O Papruch. a squaw, i-a Wighquach kanno, N Quez. a youth 13 years old, -- Masacott, ■"C Koocparen, O Jonyeo, P Taparnmck.

a Co. Ecc Lib. A., 121.

b Book ot Indian deeds, Alb. warrant for survey, Lib. L, SS.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

The Hon. Stephanus Van Cortlandt being now vested in the fee simple, the whole territory was by royal charter erected into the lordship and manor of Cortlandt, which, according to actual survey, contained eighty-three thousand acres. It is said that the governor's fees on this occasion amounted to three hundred pieces of eight.

Over the extensive forests of Cortlandt (celebrated for their fat venison,) the lord of the manor was constituted, "the sole and only ranger, to have and enjoy all the benefits and perquisites, &c, that of right doth belong unto a ranger according to the statutes and customs of the realm of England." In fact there was a paramount right in the superior lord for the range of deer within the manor, as parsel of the forest; a right which might consist with free Chace and Warren on the mesne lord.

The Lords of Cortlandt had power to hold one Court Leet, and one Court Baron in their territory for the collection of fines, &c, to which the several wards in the manor owed suit and service.

Over the extensive forests of Cortlandt (celebrated for their fat venison,) the lord of the manor was constituted, "the sole and only ranger, to have and enjoy all the benefits and perquisites, &c, that of right doth belong unto a ranger according to the statutes and customs of the realm of England." In fact there was a paramount right in the superior lord for the range of deer within the manor, as parsel of the forest; a right which might consist with free Chace and Warren on the mesne lord.

The Lords of Cortlandt had power to hold one Court Leet, and one Court Baron in their territory for the collection of fines, &c, to which the several wards in the manor owed suit and service.

The lords of Cortlandt also enjoyed the extraordinary privilege of sending a representative to the provincial assembly.

The whole manor was by the feudal tenure of paying therefor yearly to the Crown, upon the feast day of the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin Mary, the rent of forty shillings.

THE ROYAL CHARTER. Gulielmus Tertius Dei Gratia, Angliae, Scotiae, France et Hibreniae, Rex. fidei defensor, &c, &c.

' ' To all to whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting : Whereas, our loving subject, Colonel Stephanus Van Cortlandt, one of the members of our Council of our Province of New York, &c, hath by his petition presented unto our trusty and well beloved Colonel Benjamin Fletcher, Captain-General and Governor-in-chicf of our said Province of New York and territories depending thereon, in America, &c, prayed our grant and confirmation of a certain parcel and tract of land situate, lying and being upon the east side of Hudson's river, beginning on the north line of the manor of Phillipsburg, now in the tenure and occupation of Frederick Phillips, Esq., one of the members of our said Council, and to the south side of a certain creek called Kightawanck Creek, and from thence by a due east line, running into the woods twenty English miles, and from the said north line of the manor of Phillipsburgh upon the south side of the said Kightawanck Creek, running along the said Hudson river northerly as the said river runs into the north side of a high hill, which high lands, commonly called and known by the name of Anthony's nose, to a red cedar tree, which makes the southernmost bounds of the land now in the tenure and occupation of Mr.

' ' To all to whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting : Whereas, our loving subject, Colonel Stephanus Van Cortlandt, one of the members of our Council of our Province of New York, &c, hath by his petition presented unto our trusty and well beloved Colonel Benjamin Fletcher, Captain-General and Governor-in-chicf of our said Province of New York and territories depending thereon, in America, &c, prayed our grant and confirmation of a certain parcel and tract of land situate, lying and being upon the east side of Hudson's river, beginning on the north line of the manor of Phillipsburg, now in the tenure and occupation of Frederick Phillips, Esq., one of the members of our said Council, and to the south side of a certain creek called Kightawanck Creek, and from thence by a due east line, running into the woods twenty English miles, and from the said north line of the manor of Phillipsburgh upon the south side of the said Kightawanck Creek, running along the said Hudson river northerly as the said river runs into the north side of a high hill, which high lands, commonly called and known by the name of Anthony's nose, to a red cedar tree, which makes the southernmost bounds of the land now in the tenure and occupation of Mr. Adolph Phillips, including in the said northerly line, all the meadows, marshes, coves, bays and necks of land and peninsulars that are adjoining or extending into Hudson's river within the bounds of the said hue, and from the

Adolph Phillips, including in the said northerly line, all the meadows, marshes, coves, bays and necks of land and peninsulars that are adjoining or extending into Hudson's river within the bounds of the said hue, and from the

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

said red cedar tree another due easterly line running into the woods twenty English miles, and from thence along the partition line between our Colony of Connecticut and this our Province, until you come into the place where the first easterly line of twenty miles doth come -- the whole being bounded on the east by the said partition line between our said Colony of Connecticut and this our Province, and on the south by the northerly line of the manor of Phillipsburgh to the southward of Kightawanck Creek aforesaid, and. on the west by the said Hudson's river, and on the north from the aforesaid red cedar tree by the south line of the land of Adolph Phillips, and also of a certain parcel of meadow lying and being situate upon the west side of the said Hudson's river, within the said high lands over against the aforesaid hill called Anthony's nose, beginning on the south side of a creek called by the Indians Siukapogh, and so along the said creek to the head thereof, and then northerly along the high hills, as the river runneth, to another creek called Apinnapink, and from thence along the said creek to the said Hudson's river, which certain tract of land and meadow our said loving subject is now actually seized and possessed thereof, and doth hold the same of us by virtue of sundry grants heretofore made unto him by Col. Thomas Dongan, late Governor of our said Pr wince, and whereon our said loving subject hath. made considerable improvement, having been at great cost, charge and expense in the purchasing the said tract of land and meadows from the native Indians, as well as in the settling a considerable number of families thereon, and being willing to make some further improvement thereon, doth by his said petition f urther request and pray that we would be graciously pleased to erect the aforesaid tract of land and meadows within the limits and bounds aforesaid into a lordship or manor of Cortlandt, which reasonable request for the future encouragement of our said loving subject, we being willing to grant : Know ye, that of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we have given, granted, ratified and confirmed, and by these presents do for us, our heirs and successors, give, grant, ratify and confirm unto our said loving subject, Stephanus Van Cortlandt, all the aforesaid certain parcel and tracts of land and meadow within their several and respective limits and bounds aforesaid, together with all and every of the messuages, tenements, buildings, barns, houses, out-houses, stables, edifices, orchards, gardens, inclosures, fences, pastures, fields, feedings, woods, underwoods, trees, timber, swamps, meadows, marshes, pools, ponds, lakes, fountains, waters, water courses, rivers, rivulets, runs, streams, brooks, creeks, harbors, coves, inlets, outlets, islands of meadow, necks of land and meadow, peninsulas of land and meadow, ferries, fishing, fowling, hunting and hawking, and the fishing in Hudson's river, so far as the bounds of the said land extends upon the same, quarries, minerals, (diver and gold mines only excepted,) and all other the rights, members, liberties, privileges, jurisdictions, pre-eminences, emoluments, to the afore recited certain parcels or tracts of laud and meadows within their several and respective limits and bounds aforesaid, belonging or in any ways appertaining or accepted, reputed, taken, known, or occupied as part, parcel or member thereof, to have and to hold all the afore recited certain parcels and tracts of land and meadows within their several and respective limits and bounds aforesaid, together with all and every of the messuages, tenements, buildings, barns, houses, out-houses, stables, edifices, orchards, gardens, enclosures, fences, pastures, fields, feedings,

Thomas Dongan, late Governor of our said Pr wince, and whereon our said loving subject hath. made considerable improvement, having been at great cost, charge and expense in the purchasing the said tract of land and meadows from the native Indians, as well as in the settling a considerable number of families thereon, and being willing to make some further improvement thereon, doth by his said petition f urther request and pray that we would be graciously pleased to erect the aforesaid tract of land and meadows within the limits and bounds aforesaid into a lordship or manor of Cortlandt, which reasonable request for the future encouragement of our said loving subject, we being willing to grant : Know ye, that of our special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we have given, granted, ratified and confirmed, and by these presents do for us, our heirs and successors, give, grant, ratify and confirm unto our said loving subject, Stephanus Van Cortlandt, all the aforesaid certain parcel and tracts of land and meadow within their several and respective limits and bounds aforesaid, together with all and every of the messuages, tenements, buildings, barns, houses, out-houses, stables, edifices, orchards, gardens, inclosures, fences, pastures, fields, feedings, woods, underwoods, trees, timber, swamps, meadows, marshes, pools, ponds, lakes, fountains, waters, water courses, rivers, rivulets, runs, streams, brooks, creeks, harbors, coves, inlets, outlets, islands of meadow, necks of land and meadow, peninsulas of land and meadow, ferries, fishing, fowling, hunting and hawking, and the fishing in Hudson's river, so far as the bounds of the said land extends upon the same, quarries, minerals, (diver and gold mines only excepted,) and all other the rights, members, liberties, privileges, jurisdictions, pre-eminences, emoluments, to the afore recited certain parcels or tracts of laud and meadows within their several and respective limits and bounds aforesaid, belonging or in any ways appertaining or accepted, reputed, taken, known, or occupied as part, parcel or member thereof, to have and to hold all the afore recited certain parcels and tracts of land and meadows within their several and respective limits and bounds aforesaid, together with all and every of the messuages, tenements, buildings, barns, houses, out-houses, stables, edifices, orchards, gardens, enclosures, fences, pastures, fields, feedings,

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

woods, underwoods, trees, timber, swamps, meadows, marshes, pools, ponds, lakes, fountains, water, water-courses, rivers, rivulets, runs, streams, brooks, creeks, harbors, coves, inlets, outlets, islands of land and meadow, necks of land and meadow, peninsulas of laud and meadow, ferries, fishing, fowling, hunting and hawking, and the fishing on Hudson's river as far as the bounds ot the said land extends upon the said river, quarries, mines, minerals, (silver and gold excepted,) and alt other the rights, members, liberties, privileges, jurisdictions, pre-eminences, emoluments, royalties, profits, benefits, advantages, hereditaments and appurtenances whatsoever to the afore recited certain parcels or tracts of land and meadow within their several and respective limits and bounds aforesaid, belonging or in any ways appertaining or accepted, reputed, taken, known or occupied as part, parcel or member thereof unto the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assignees, to the sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof of him the said Stephanas Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assigns forever; and, moreover, know ye, that of our further special grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, we have thought fit, according to the request of our said loving subject, to erect all the afore recited certain parcels or tracts of land and meadows within the limits and bounds aforesaid into a lordship and manor, and therefore by these presents we do for us, our heirs and successors, erect, make and constitute all the afore recited certain parcel and tracts of land and meadows with the limits and bounds aforesaid, together with all and every the above granted premises, with all and every of their appurtenances, into one lordship and manor to all intents and purposes; and it is our royal will and pleasure that the said lordship and manor shall, from henceforth, be called the lordship and manor of Cortlandt ; and further, know ye, that we, reposing especial trust and confidence in the loyalty, wisdom, justice, prudence and circumspection of our said loving subject, do for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto our said loving subject, Stephanus Van Cortlandt, and to the bars and assignees of him the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, full power and authority at all times forever hereafter in the said lordship and manor, one court leet and one court baron, to hold and keep at such time and times, and so often yearly as he or they shall see meet ; and all fines, issues and amercements at the said court leet and court baron, to be holden in the said lordship and manor, to be settled, forfeited, or employed, or payable, or happening at any time to be payable at any time by any of the inhabitants of or within the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt, or the limits and bounds thereof, and also all and every of the powers and authorities herein before mentioned, for the holding and keeping the said court leet aud court baron from time to time, and to award and issue out the customary writs, to be issued and awarded out of the said court leet and court baron, to be kept by the heirs and assigns of the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt forever, or their or any of their stewards, deputed and appointed with a full and ample power and authority to distrain for the rents, services and other sums of money, payable by virtue of the premises and all other lawful remedies and means for the having, possessing, receiving, levying and enjoying the premises and every part and parcel of the same, and all waifs, estrays, wrecks, deodands, goods of felons, happening, and being forfeited, within the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt, together, with all aud every sum aud sums of inoucy, to be paid as a

woods, underwoods, trees, timber, swamps, meadows, marshes, pools, ponds, lakes, fountains, water, water-courses, rivers, rivulets, runs, streams, brooks, creeks, harbors, coves, inlets, outlets, islands of land and meadow, necks of land and meadow, peninsulas of laud and meadow, ferries, fishing, fowling, hunting and hawking, and the fishing on Hudson's river as far as the bounds ot the said land extends upon the said river, quarries, mines, minerals, (silver and gold excepted,) and alt other the rights, members, liberties, privileges, jurisdictions, pre-eminences, emoluments, royalties, profits, benefits, advantages, hereditaments and appurtenances whatsoever to the afore recited certain parcels or tracts of land and meadow within their several and respective limits and bounds aforesaid, belonging or in any ways appertaining or accepted, reputed, taken, known or occupied as part, parcel or member thereof unto the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assignees, to the sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof of him the said Stephanas Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assigns forever; and, moreover, know ye, that of our further special grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, we have thought fit, according to the request of our said loving subject, to erect all the afore recited certain parcels or tracts of land and meadows within the limits and bounds aforesaid into a lordship and manor, and therefore by these presents we do for us, our heirs and successors, erect, make and constitute all the afore recited certain parcel and tracts of land and meadows with the limits and bounds aforesaid, together with all and every the above granted premises, with all and every of their appurtenances, into one lordship and manor to all intents and purposes; and it is our royal will and pleasure that the said lordship and manor shall, from henceforth, be called the lordship and manor of Cortlandt ; and further, know ye, that we, reposing especial trust and confidence in the loyalty, wisdom, justice, prudence and circumspection of our said loving subject, do for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto our said loving subject, Stephanus Van Cortlandt, and to the bars and assignees of him the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, full power and authority at all times forever hereafter in the said lordship and manor, one court leet and one court baron, to hold and keep at such time and times, and so often yearly as he or they shall see meet ; and all fines, issues and amercements at the said court leet and court baron, to be holden in the said lordship and manor, to be settled, forfeited, or employed, or payable, or happening at any time to be payable at any time by any of the inhabitants of or within the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt, or the limits and bounds thereof, and also all and every of the powers and authorities herein before mentioned, for the holding and keeping the said court leet aud court baron from time to time, and to award and issue out the customary writs, to be issued and awarded out of the said court leet and court baron, to be kept by the heirs and assigns of the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt forever, or their or any of their stewards, deputed and appointed with a full and ample power and authority to distrain for the rents, services and other sums of money, payable by virtue of the premises and all other lawful remedies and means for the having, possessing, receiving, levying and enjoying the premises and every part and parcel of the same, and all waifs, estrays, wrecks, deodands, goods of felons, happening, and being forfeited, within the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt, together, with all aud every sum aud sums of inoucy, to be paid as a

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

post fine, upon any fine, or lines, to be levied of any land tenements, or hereditaments within the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt, together with theadvowson, and right of patronage, and all, and every, the church and churches erected or established, or hereafter to be erected, or established in the said manor of Cortlandt ; and we do by these presents constitute, and appoint, our said loving subject Stephanus Van Cortlandt, and his heirs and assigns, to be our sole and only ranger of the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt, and to have, hold, and enjoy, all the benefits, perquisites, fees, rights, privileges, profits and appurtenances, that of right dotli belong unto a ranger according to the statute, and customs of our realm of England, in as full and ample manner, as if the same were particularly expressed, in these presents, anything to the contrary hereof in any ways notwithstanding ; and we likewise do further give, and grant, unto the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, and to his heirs and assigns, that all and every the tenants of him the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, within the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt, shall and may at all times hereafter, meet together, and choose assessors within the manor aforesaid, according to such rules, ways, and methods, as are prescribed for cities, towns and counties within our said province by the acts of General Assembly, for the defraying the public charge of each respective city, town, and county aforesaid, and all such sum or sums of money so assessed and levied to collect, and pay, and dispose of for such uses as the acts of General Assembly shall establish and appoint ; and further, of our said special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we do, by these presents, for us, our heirs aud successors, give and grant unto our said loving subject, Stephanus Van Cortlandt, and to his heirs aud assignees forever, that the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assignees, shall and may, from time to time, from and after the expiration of twenty years next ensuing the date of these presents, return and send a discreet inhabitant in and of the said manor, to be a representative of the said manor in every Assembly after the expiration of the twenty years, to be summoned and holden within this our said Province, which representative so returned and sent shall be received into the House of Representatives of Assembly as a member of the said house, to have aud enjoy such privileges as the other representatives returned and sent from the other counties and manors of this our said Province, have had and enjoyed in any former Assemblies holden within this our said Province, to have and to hold, possess and enjoy all and singular the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt and premises, with all their and every of their royalties and appurtenances unto the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assignees, to the sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof of him the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assignees forever, to be holden of us, our heirs and successors in free aud common soccage, as of our manor of East Greenwich, in our County of Kent, within our realm of England, yielding, rendering and paying therefore yearly aud every year forever unto us, our heirs and successors, at our city of New York, on the feast day of the Annunciation of our blessed Virgin Mary, the yearly rent of forty shillings current money of our said Province, in lieu and stead of all other rents and services, dues, duties and demands whatsoever for the afore recited tracts and parcels of land and meadow, lordship and manor of Cortlandt and premises.

post fine, upon any fine, or lines, to be levied of any land tenements, or hereditaments within the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt, together with theadvowson, and right of patronage, and all, and every, the church and churches erected or established, or hereafter to be erected, or established in the said manor of Cortlandt ; and we do by these presents constitute, and appoint, our said loving subject Stephanus Van Cortlandt, and his heirs and assigns, to be our sole and only ranger of the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt, and to have, hold, and enjoy, all the benefits, perquisites, fees, rights, privileges, profits and appurtenances, that of right dotli belong unto a ranger according to the statute, and customs of our realm of England, in as full and ample manner, as if the same were particularly expressed, in these presents, anything to the contrary hereof in any ways notwithstanding ; and we likewise do further give, and grant, unto the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, and to his heirs and assigns, that all and every the tenants of him the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, within the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt, shall and may at all times hereafter, meet together, and choose assessors within the manor aforesaid, according to such rules, ways, and methods, as are prescribed for cities, towns and counties within our said province by the acts of General Assembly, for the defraying the public charge of each respective city, town, and county aforesaid, and all such sum or sums of money so assessed and levied to collect, and pay, and dispose of for such uses as the acts of General Assembly shall establish and appoint ; and further, of our said special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we do, by these presents, for us, our heirs aud successors, give and grant unto our said loving subject, Stephanus Van Cortlandt, and to his heirs aud assignees forever, that the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assignees, shall and may, from time to time, from and after the expiration of twenty years next ensuing the date of these presents, return and send a discreet inhabitant in and of the said manor, to be a representative of the said manor in every Assembly after the expiration of the twenty years, to be summoned and holden within this our said Province, which representative so returned and sent shall be received into the House of Representatives of Assembly as a member of the said house, to have aud enjoy such privileges as the other representatives returned and sent from the other counties and manors of this our said Province, have had and enjoyed in any former Assemblies holden within this our said Province, to have and to hold, possess and enjoy all and singular the said lordship and manor of Cortlandt and premises, with all their and every of their royalties and appurtenances unto the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assignees, to the sole and only proper use, benefit and behoof of him the said Stephanus Van Cortlandt, his heirs and assignees forever, to be holden of us, our heirs and successors in free aud common soccage, as of our manor of East Greenwich, in our County of Kent, within our realm of England, yielding, rendering and paying therefore yearly aud every year forever unto us, our heirs and successors, at our city of New York, on the feast day of the Annunciation of our blessed Virgin Mary, the yearly rent of forty shillings current money of our said Province, in lieu and stead of all other rents and services, dues, duties and demands whatsoever for the afore recited tracts and parcels of land and meadow, lordship and manor of Cortlandt and premises.

In testimony whereof, we have caused the great seal of our said Province to be hereunto affixed: witness our said trusty and well-beloved Colonel Benjamin Fletch-

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

er, our said Captain General and Governor-in-chief of our Province of New York and the territories depending thereon in America, and Vice-Admiral of the same, our Lieutenant and Commander in-chief of the militia and of all the forces by sea and land within our Colony of Connecticut, and of all the forts and places of strength within the same, in council at our fort in New York, the 17th day of June, in the ninth year of our reign, Anno Domini, 1G9T. Benjamin Fletcher, by his Excellency's commaud. David Jamison, Secretary-"

The following receipt for manorial quit-rent is endorsed, on the Royal Patent:

Received in quality, as Receiver General of this Province, this 1 6th day of August, 1720, of Mrs. Gertrude Van Cortlandt, executrix of Stephanus Van Cortlandt, deceased, the sum of eight pounds proclamation money in full of quit-rents, for all the lands lying within the Manor of Cortlandt, to the 25th day of March last, pursuant to the within patent, as witness my hand. J. BYERLY, Collector.

Stephanus Van Cortlandt, first lord of the Manor of Cortlandt, was the son of the Hon. Oloff Stevensen Van Cortlandt, immediately descended from one of the most noble families in Holland, their ancestors having emigrated thither, when deprived of the sovereignty of Cortlandt. b

The orthography of the surname is properly Corte-landt; the first syllable Corte or Korte, meaning in the Dutch language short;6 the second, landt, (land) literally the short land, a term expressing the peculiar form of the ancient Duchy of Courland in Russia.

Stephanus Van Cortlandt, first lord of the Manor of Cortlandt, was the son of the Hon. Oloff Stevensen Van Cortlandt, immediately descended from one of the most noble families in Holland, their ancestors having emigrated thither, when deprived of the sovereignty of Cortlandt. b

The orthography of the surname is properly Corte-landt; the first syllable Corte or Korte, meaning in the Dutch language short;6 the second, landt, (land) literally the short land, a term expressing the peculiar form of the ancient Duchy of Courland in Russia.

Courland in Russia, ( says Schieutzler, ) formerly constituted a portion of Livonia, but was conquered by the Teutonic Knights in 1561. It subsequently became a fief of Poland. After the fall of the power it remained for a short time independent under its own Dukes, but in 1795 it was united to Russia. d

In the early part of the seventh century, we find the Dukes of Courland engaged in the Military service of the United Netherlands. The Ducal troops are said to have rendered great assistance in the reduction of the towns of Kaverden and Minden.

The coat armor of the Van Cortlands as recorded in the Hall of Records at Amsterdam in Holland, and as given by Burke and likewise as brought by the family to this country in 1637, are the following: -- Arg. the wings of a wind-mill soltier-ways sa, voided of the field, five estoiles or etoiles gu. -- Crest -- surmounting the helmet of a King or Prince of the Blood Royal ; an estoil or etoile gu. between two wings

The coat armor of the Van Cortlands as recorded in the Hall of Records at Amsterdam in Holland, and as given by Burke and likewise as brought by the family to this country in 1637, are the following: -- Arg. the wings of a wind-mill soltier-ways sa, voided of the field, five estoiles or etoiles gu. -- Crest -- surmounting the helmet of a King or Prince of the Blood Royal ; an estoil or etoile gu. between two wings

a Book of Pat. Alb., No. vii., 165,

b Bnrkf'N Landed Gentry of England, vol. iv., 241.

0 The use of the letter K in this word u modern, the C ancient.

d Schultzler, La liussla, p. 6S0.

To /aco ]>ape 98, vol. i.

PEDIGREE OF VAN CORTLANDT, OF CORTLANDT.

Family Arms :

-Arg. the wings or arms of a wind-mill, saltierways sa. voided of the field, five estoiles gu. Crest :-- Surmounting a King's helmet, or Prince of the Blood Royal ; an estoile gu. between two wings elevated, that on the

dexter side arg. sinister sa. Motto : -- Virtus sibi munus,

Right Hon. Steven Van Cortlandt, (Courland, or Dukes of Courland), who-- Catharine, nat. 1566, served with distinction in the military Rervice of the United Provinces. I died at Cortlandt, in 1609; ob at Cortlandt, South Holland. South Holland.

Right Hon. Oloff stevensen, or Oloff Stevens Van Kortlandt, as he subsequently --Annetje Loockermans, of "Tornhout," signed his name ; nat. at Cortlandt, in South Holland, 1600 ; a privy counsellor, of the State Govt, of Holland, Burgomaster, or Chief Magistrate of the great town of Wyck te Dauerstede, or Wyk by Durstede, Holland, Province of Utrecht, Netherlands, In 1641-2.

Steven Van Cortlandt, (Courland, or Dukes of Courland), who-- Catharine, nat. 1566, served with distinction in the military Rervice of the United Provinces. I died at Cortlandt, in 1609; ob at Cortlandt, South Holland. South Holland.

Right Hon. Oloff stevensen, or Oloff Stevens Van Kortlandt, as he subsequently --Annetje Loockermans, of "Tornhout," signed his name ; nat. at Cortlandt, in South Holland, 1600 ; a privy counsellor, of the State Govt, of Holland, Burgomaster, or Chief Magistrate of the great town of Wyck te Dauerstede, or Wyk by Durstede, Holland, Province of Utrecht, Netherlands, In 1641-2.

sister of Govert Loockermans, mar. 1642, ob. 1609.

Right non. de ncer Stcphanus^Gertrude Schuyler, da of Fil-

Van Cortlandt, first Lord of the Manorof Cortlandt. Mayor of New York. Nat. 7th May, and bapt. 101 h May, 1643, ob. 26th Nov., 1700

yp Pietersen Schuyler, nat. 4th February, 1654, mar. 10th September, 1671, ob. 1718.

Johannes, nut. 1618, bapt. Oct. 25th, 1648, ob. 1667.

Jacobus, nat. 7th. July, bapt. 7th July, 165S : ancestor of the Yonkers branch

.Eva, da of Mary, nat. 30th --Col. Jeremiah Frederic July, 1645, Van Rensselaer,

Phillpse. bapt. July, Patroon of Retis-

1645 selaer Wyck

Sophia-- Andrew nat. 31 Teller May, bapt. June 4th

Catharine _l.Col. John De nat. 25th Witt, or, Jan Oct .1052, der Vail, mar. bapt.Jau. Nov. 3d, 1675. 5th, 1653 2,FrederlckPhllipse. mar. Dec. 6th, 1092.

Cornelia --Brant nat. 21st Schuyler Nov., 1655, ob. Feb., isth, 1689

Johannes, or John Van Corl-„Anna

laudt, nat. 24th Oct., 1672; bapt. Oct. 25th, second Lord of the Manor of Cortlandt

Jeremiah Frederic July, 1645, Van Rensselaer,

Phillpse. bapt. July, Patroon of Retis-

1645 selaer Wyck

Sophia-- Andrew nat. 31 Teller May, bapt. June 4th

Catharine _l.Col. John De nat. 25th Witt, or, Jan Oct .1052, der Vail, mar. bapt.Jau. Nov. 3d, 1675. 5th, 1653 2,FrederlckPhllipse. mar. Dec. 6th, 1092.

Cornelia --Brant nat. 21st Schuyler Nov., 1655, ob. Feb., isth, 1689

Johannes, or John Van Corl-„Anna

laudt, nat. 24th Oct., 1672; bapt. Oct. 25th, second Lord of the Manor of Cortlandt

Sophia VanSchaick mar. 1095

Oloff, or Oliver, nat. 26th Oct.. 1678, ob s p. 1708; bapt. Nov. 6, 1678

Philip, nat Mb Aug.,_ Catharine de Peyster, Stephen -Catalina

16S3, ob. 21st Aug., 1746, bapt. 22d Aug., 1083, will proved 174S

Philip Verplannk. , of Verplnnck's Point, Westchester

Co.

mar. 1710, da. of Abraham de Peyster, bapt. Aug. 16th. 1686, will dated 1706

nat. 11th August,

Striata

Gyshert, nat. 16S8, ob. s. p. bapt. 7 Oct.,

1CS8

Margaret, nat _I Samuel Bayard. 2d July, 1674, =2.Stephen Kembapt. 29th

a 9

o Cornelia, nat. 30=Col. John

July, 1098

Schuyler.

Margaret _Hon. Gen. Thomas Gage, the rather of Henry Lord

Gage

Gen. Philip Schuyler

£ ? E

O D =

m s.

% ts b |

Stephen Van Cortlandt, -Mary Walton Rlcketts,

nat. 26th Oct., 1710, ancestor of the English branch, ob. Oct. 17th. 1750

mar. 1738, da. of Witt. Rlcketts, 1st cousin to Win. n~nry, father of Viscmnt St. Vincent, in the county of Norlhesk

Abraham, nat. 19th Oct , 1713. ob. s. p set.

Margaret _Hon. Gen. Thomas Gage, the rather of Henry Lord

Gage

Gen. Philip Schuyler

£ ? E

O D =

m s.

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Stephen Van Cortlandt, -Mary Walton Rlcketts,

nat. 26th Oct., 1710, ancestor of the English branch, ob. Oct. 17th. 1750

mar. 1738, da. of Witt. Rlcketts, 1st cousin to Win. n~nry, father of Viscmnt St. Vincent, in the county of Norlhesk

Abraham, nat. 19th Oct , 1713. ob. s. p set.

Philip, nat. 29th Feb.. 1715, ob. s. p. ait 30

John, nat. 9th Sept., 1718, ob. s. p. est. 29

Pierre, nat. 10th Jan., 1721,ob. 1st May ,1814, first Lieut. Governor of the State of New York

Joanna Livingston nat. 28th August, 1722, ob. 10th Sept., 1808,

da. of Gilbert Livingston

Carharine, nat. 20th June, 1725, killed by the bursting of a cannon on the King's birthday, June 4th,

John Van --Miss Bayard Cortlandt I

Philip Samuel John Abeel--Anna

John=Miss Cuyler Stephen.

1-C. Rutgers -2.S Beekraan

=J.VanRens- I salaer

James=nester Hester ^James EIiza-=Jotm Van Rensno issue Van Cortlandt Van u beth I salaear

1st Cousin

..Elizabeth Van Cortlandt, 1st Cousin

Kort wright

Col. Philip, nat. Nov. 10, 1739. ob. May-- Catharine, da. of Jacob Will. Rick- Elizabeth 1, 1814, he was an olllcer in the British army during the Revolutionary war, had 23 children among those who reached maturity

Ogden, by Elizabeth Bradford, who claimed Earldom of Bradford, mar. Aug. 2, 170/, ob. Feb. 1820

etts nat March l::,

20>

?1 V a q

James=nester Hester ^James EIiza-=Jotm Van Rensno issue Van Cortlandt Van u beth I salaear

1st Cousin

..Elizabeth Van Cortlandt, 1st Cousin

Kort wright

Col. Philip, nat. Nov. 10, 1739. ob. May-- Catharine, da. of Jacob Will. Rick- Elizabeth 1, 1814, he was an olllcer in the British army during the Revolutionary war, had 23 children among those who reached maturity

Ogden, by Elizabeth Bradford, who claimed Earldom of Bradford, mar. Aug. 2, 170/, ob. Feb. 1820

etts nat March l::,

20>

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3£

Bg

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I I

li a*

'p. waff - O 3

Catharine, nat. August 26th, 1745; ob. an infant

Stephen Van Cortlandt

James II Van Rensselaer

Brig.Gen. Philip Van C. nat. Aug. 21, 1749, O. S. ob. Nov. 21, 1831, the last of the heirs of the entail

Gilbert, nat. 6 April, 1757, ob. S, p. 12 Nov.,

Stephen, nat. 13 February, 1760, ob. s. p. 29th August, 1775

Major Gen, Pierre-- 1. Catharine nat. 29 Aug., 1762. Clinton, of Cortlandt town, =2. Anne member of Con- | Stevengress, ob. 1848 son

Catharine, nat. -- Theodosius 4th July, 1751. P. Van ob. 29th Sept , Wyck 1829, ait. 78, 2 mos., 9 days

Cornelia, nat. =Gerard G. 2d Aug, 1753, Beekman ob. 14th Mar., 1S47, ait. 94

Anne, nat. _P. s. Van 1st June, Rena- 1706, ob. selaer

Gertrude, nat. 2G June, 1755, ob. 9 December, 1766.

Col. Pierre Van Cortlandt, heir of his uncle Philip, and first proprietor of the estate in fee simple -Catharine Beck, da. of Theodorlc Romeyn Beck, Esq., M.D., of Albany

Van ob. 29th Sept , Wyck 1829, ait. 78, 2 mos., 9 days

Cornelia, nat. =Gerard G. 2d Aug, 1753, Beekman ob. 14th Mar., 1S47, ait. 94

Anne, nat. _P. s. Van 1st June, Rena- 1706, ob. selaer

Gertrude, nat. 2G June, 1755, ob. 9 December, 1766.

Col. Pierre Van Cortlandt, heir of his uncle Philip, and first proprietor of the estate in fee simple -Catharine Beck, da. of Theodorlc Romeyn Beck, Esq., M.D., of Albany

Pierre James Stevenson Theodoric Romeyn

George Warington Emmu_hercnneln died young W. H. Warington

Catharine _Clement C. Eliza, m. Moore, of 1814 New York

Anna Maria, .

Lieut. Col. James Drummoud Bailer Elphlnstone

William Rlcketts_l.Mlss Storms

I -2 Sarah Cornell

Plnlip^Mary Banker

Eliza^her cousin Wil-

1 ham Kicketts Catharine ^First cousin,

John Van Cortlandt

Catharine T. R._The Rev. John

Rutherford Mathews, mar. 1873, U.S Navy

Anne Stevenson

Their eldest son Wm. Bailer Fuller Elphinstone, loth Lord E. and one of Ihe Queen's Lords in waiting

Oliver _C.IIyatt,da. I of Joseph | R. Hyatt

Elizabeth d. ait. 25 years

Stephen ob. s. p.

=First cousin, Catharine Rlcketts

William -Susan Rlcketts I Chad- | eagree

i k k

Hannah --Ira Purdy

o ^

S "So

bo »

ill

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

elevated; that on the dexter side arg., the sinister" sa motto -- virtus sibi munus -- Another family of that name in Holland bears for a crest "the arms or wings of a wind-mill. -- The helmet of a King or Prince of the Blood Royal proves beyond a doubt the descent of this family from the old reigning Dukes of Courland. The estoile or star may be a mark of cadence borne by the third son, during the lifetime of his father. -- [Editor.]

elevated; that on the dexter side arg., the sinister" sa motto -- virtus sibi munus -- Another family of that name in Holland bears for a crest "the arms or wings of a wind-mill. -- The helmet of a King or Prince of the Blood Royal proves beyond a doubt the descent of this family from the old reigning Dukes of Courland. The estoile or star may be a mark of cadence borne by the third son, during the lifetime of his father. -- [Editor.]

Ducal Arms of Courland.

The Ducal arms of Courland or Cortlandt are: -- "arg, a lion, rampant, gu. ducally crowned or, for Courland, charged on the breast with an escutcheon, on which are placed the arms of the reigning Duke. Supporters.-- Two lions ducally crowned, or, the whole within a mantle lined ermine, surmounted with a ducal crown.

The ancient Dukes of Courland appear to have been represented in 1610 by the Right Hon. Stevensen Van Courland or Cortlandt, then residing at Courland or Cortlandt, in South Holland, whose son Oloff Stephensen or Oloff Stevens Van Kortlandt, as he subsequently signed his name; was Burgomaster, or, chief magistrate of Wyck Duurstede* or Wyck by Durstede one of the five principal towns in the Province or Lordship of Utrecht in the Netherlands, 1635-6. The latter was bom at Cortlandt in South Holland about 1600.

Like his illustrious ancestors, Oloff Stephensen Van Cortlandt chose the military profession ; as early as 1637 we find him attached to the military service of the Dutch West India Company. " He is said to have been also a privy councillor of the States General of Holland and acted as secretary of this Government to the Governor of New Amsterdam."

Stevensen Van Courland or Cortlandt, then residing at Courland or Cortlandt, in South Holland, whose son Oloff Stephensen or Oloff Stevens Van Kortlandt, as he subsequently signed his name; was Burgomaster, or, chief magistrate of Wyck Duurstede* or Wyck by Durstede one of the five principal towns in the Province or Lordship of Utrecht in the Netherlands, 1635-6. The latter was bom at Cortlandt in South Holland about 1600.

Like his illustrious ancestors, Oloff Stephensen Van Cortlandt chose the military profession ; as early as 1637 we find him attached to the military service of the Dutch West India Company. " He is said to have been also a privy councillor of the States General of Holland and acted as secretary of this Government to the Governor of New Amsterdam."

"He comes to New York in 1637," "and in the summer of that year he was transferred to the civil service as commissary of cargoes." On

a (Wyck bie Duurstede,) prov., and 13 M. E. S, Utrecht a town, cap. disL, on the Rhine where it gives off the Leek. Pop. 2, 413.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

the 26th of February, 1641-2, he married Anneken Lookermans of Turnhout," now in Belgium, daughter of Govert Lookermans. In 1648 Oloff Stephensen Van Cortlandt left the Dutch West India Company's service and embarked in business at Brouwer straat. He was a politician of influence, and was Colonel of the Burghery or City train bands in 1649. In 1650 he was president of a body called the "nine men," representing the citizens at large; as such, he opposed the policy of Governor Stuyvesant with considerable effect, Stuyvesant retaliated by turning the "nine men" out of their pews in church, and tearing up the seats. Mr. Van Cortlandt became one of the most considerable men in the city of New York, or New Amsterdam, as it was then called, and acquired a large property, amongst which was a plot on the west side of Broadway 238 ft. front extending to the North River and adjacent to the present Courtlandt St."6 "In 1654 he was elected schepen

In 1650 he was president of a body called the "nine men," representing the citizens at large; as such, he opposed the policy of Governor Stuyvesant with considerable effect, Stuyvesant retaliated by turning the "nine men" out of their pews in church, and tearing up the seats. Mr. Van Cortlandt became one of the most considerable men in the city of New York, or New Amsterdam, as it was then called, and acquired a large property, amongst which was a plot on the west side of Broadway 238 ft. front extending to the North River and adjacent to the present Courtlandt St."6 "In 1654 he was elected schepen

Autograph and Seals of Oloff Stevensen Van Cortlandt.

of the city, and in 1655 appointed Burgomaster, which office he filled uninterruptedly to the close of the Dutch government. His place of residence was in Brouwer straat (now Stone street). He had the character of being a worthy citizen, and a man most liberal in his charitfes."c Among the wealthy citizens of New Amsterdam in 1654, occurs the name of Oloff Stevens who contributed the sum of 150 guilders towards

a The record of the marriage of Burgomaster Van Cortlandt Is February 26, 1642. Oloff Stephensen of Wyck te Duurstede, (Wvk bie Duurstede, a village of the Netherlands, 13 miles south-east of Utrecht,) to Aimeken Lookermans of Turubout now in Belgium, 25 miles east of Antwerp. See atlas pub. by Laurie and Whittle, No. 53, Fleet St., Loudon, 12 May, 1794.

b Valentine's Hist, of the City of N. Y., Putnam's.

He had the character of being a worthy citizen, and a man most liberal in his charitfes."c Among the wealthy citizens of New Amsterdam in 1654, occurs the name of Oloff Stevens who contributed the sum of 150 guilders towards

a The record of the marriage of Burgomaster Van Cortlandt Is February 26, 1642. Oloff Stephensen of Wyck te Duurstede, (Wvk bie Duurstede, a village of the Netherlands, 13 miles south-east of Utrecht,) to Aimeken Lookermans of Turubout now in Belgium, 25 miles east of Antwerp. See atlas pub. by Laurie and Whittle, No. 53, Fleet St., Loudon, 12 May, 1794.

b Valentine's Hist, of the City of N. Y., Putnam's.

c O'Callaghan's Hist, of N. N.

THE TOWN OF CORTLAN'DT.

putting the city in a state of defence." In a tax list for the city of NewYork, A,D., 1674, the estate of Oloff Stevensen Van Cortlandt is assessed at 45,000 guilders; his eldest son's, Stephanus, at 5,000 guilders.6

In 1664 the name of Oloff Stevensen Van Cortlandt, occurs as one of the six commissioners appointed to meet the English Deputies at Governor Stuyvesant's house in the Bowery, to treat concerning the surrender of the colony.

Oloff Stevens Van Cortlandt died sometime subsequent to 1683, leaving issue by his wife Annetje Lookermans, two sons and four daughters, viz: Stephanus, Jacobus, (ancestor of the Van Cortlandts of Yonkers, Maria, who marr. Jeremias Van Rensselear, Catharine, who marr. first John Dewal, secondly, Frederick Philipse; Cornelia, who marr. Baronet Schuyler; and Sophia, who married Andrew Teller.

In 1664 the name of Oloff Stevensen Van Cortlandt, occurs as one of the six commissioners appointed to meet the English Deputies at Governor Stuyvesant's house in the Bowery, to treat concerning the surrender of the colony.

Oloff Stevens Van Cortlandt died sometime subsequent to 1683, leaving issue by his wife Annetje Lookermans, two sons and four daughters, viz: Stephanus, Jacobus, (ancestor of the Van Cortlandts of Yonkers, Maria, who marr. Jeremias Van Rensselear, Catharine, who marr. first John Dewal, secondly, Frederick Philipse; Cornelia, who marr. Baronet Schuyler; and Sophia, who married Andrew Teller.

The Hon. De Heer Stephanus Van Cortlandt, eldest son of Oloff, was born at the family mansion on Brouwer straat, New Amsterdam, 7th of May, 1643, and baptised in the Ref. Dutch church on the 10th of May, 1643. This distinguished personage was the first Mayor of New York, born in America. Upon the death of his brother-in-law, Jeremias Van Rensselaer in 1675, he became one of the three administrators of his estate, during the minority of Killian Van Rensselaer, (then twelve years old). He . engaged in the mercantile profession on the present north-east corner of Pearle and Broad streets. His first appointment as Mayor was at the age of 34 years, and was a high compliment to his intelligence. He was sworn in Chief Justice of the Province 5th of October, 1700. He was also a member of the Governor's Council, and a Colonel in the Provencial militia. On the 14th of January, 1696, he was elected senior warden of Trinity church, New York. As a compensation for large sums of money advanced to the government he obtained, as we have seen in 1697, a Royal Charter for Lordship and Manor of Cortlandt. After a life of honesty, fortitude, and charity, he died 25th of November, 1700, leaving by his wife Geertruy or Gertrude, eldest child (Guysbert having died in infancy) of Filyp Pictersen Van Schuyler, and Magritta Von Sleecktenhorst, eleven children, who intermarried with the DePysters, DeLanceys, Beeckmans, Schuylers, Skinners, Bayards, Johnsons and Van Rensselaers.

As a compensation for large sums of money advanced to the government he obtained, as we have seen in 1697, a Royal Charter for Lordship and Manor of Cortlandt. After a life of honesty, fortitude, and charity, he died 25th of November, 1700, leaving by his wife Geertruy or Gertrude, eldest child (Guysbert having died in infancy) of Filyp Pictersen Van Schuyler, and Magritta Von Sleecktenhorst, eleven children, who intermarried with the DePysters, DeLanceys, Beeckmans, Schuylers, Skinners, Bayards, Johnsons and Van Rensselaers.

On the 14th of April, 1700, Stephanus Van Cortlandt made and published his last will and testament as follows : --

a M. S. vol. City Rec. X. V.

b Moultou"s sketch of New Orange, 1669, Stephanus Van Cortlandt In behalf of Oloff Stephanus Van Cortlandt his father, applied for Letters Notary 011 Dan'l Whitehead, late of Masbeth Kills, town office, N. Y., vol. 1, p. 74.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

WILL OF STEPHANES VAN CORTLANDT.

Know all men by these presents, that, I, Stcphanus Tan Cortlandt, of the city of New Yorke, merchant, being distempered in body, but of good, sound and perfect memory, praised be Almighty God therefore do make, publish, and declare; this my last will and testament, (this 14th day of Aprill, in the j'ear of our Lord God and Saviour Jesus Christ, one thousand seven hundred, in the twelfth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord William Third, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, defender of the faith, &c.,) in manner and form following, that is to say, I bequeath my soul into the hands of the Almighty God my Heavenly Father, from whom I received it, and by whom of his inker grace I trust to be saved and received into His eternall rest, through the merrittsof my dear Saviour and Redeemer Jesus Christ.

Know all men by these presents, that, I, Stcphanus Tan Cortlandt, of the city of New Yorke, merchant, being distempered in body, but of good, sound and perfect memory, praised be Almighty God therefore do make, publish, and declare; this my last will and testament, (this 14th day of Aprill, in the j'ear of our Lord God and Saviour Jesus Christ, one thousand seven hundred, in the twelfth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord William Third, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, defender of the faith, &c.,) in manner and form following, that is to say, I bequeath my soul into the hands of the Almighty God my Heavenly Father, from whom I received it, and by whom of his inker grace I trust to be saved and received into His eternall rest, through the merrittsof my dear Saviour and Redeemer Jesus Christ. My body, in hopes of a joyful resurrection, I committ to the earth, to be buried in such decent manner and form as any Executrix hereafter named, shall think fit and convenient and touching the Distribution of what temporal Estate it hath pleased God to endow me withal in this world, I dispose of the same as folloeth That is to say Imprimis I will that all such Depths as I shall happen to owe to any Person or Persons at my Decease shall be truly Paid by my Execrutrix.

Item I devise and bequeath unto my eldest son Johnannes Yan Cortlandt (After the decease of my beloved wife) all that Neck and Part of my land on the East Side of Hudson's River at the Entering of the Highlands just over against a certain place called Haverstroo and is known by the Indians by the name of Moanagh being to be Separated and Divided from my other lands on that side of the river called Appamapagh by a certain Creeke called Moanagh and bounded on the other side by the other side of the Creeke that runs between my laud and the land of Rich Abrams and others together with the meadows that lies on the said Neck and all the buildings and other improvements made or to be made on the said land according to the agreement by mee made to the several persons now settled therein (which agreement my will is that my said Executrix, my said son and overseers herein aftcrnamed. shall take care and se that the same be fully observed, performed and kept according to the true intent and meaning thereof).

Item I devise and bequeath unto my eldest son Johnannes Yan Cortlandt (After the decease of my beloved wife) all that Neck and Part of my land on the East Side of Hudson's River at the Entering of the Highlands just over against a certain place called Haverstroo and is known by the Indians by the name of Moanagh being to be Separated and Divided from my other lands on that side of the river called Appamapagh by a certain Creeke called Moanagh and bounded on the other side by the other side of the Creeke that runs between my laud and the land of Rich Abrams and others together with the meadows that lies on the said Neck and all the buildings and other improvements made or to be made on the said land according to the agreement by mee made to the several persons now settled therein (which agreement my will is that my said Executrix, my said son and overseers herein aftcrnamed. shall take care and se that the same be fully observed, performed and kept according to the true intent and meaning thereof). To have and to hold the said Neck of land and premises with the appurtenances to the said Johannes my Son and his heirs forever.

Item. -- I do give Devise and Bequeath all my other houses, lands, mills, tenements, pastures, meadows, and their appurtenances and oilier Real Estate whatsoever-- and where so ever it be (after ye Decease of my s' dear wife) unto my Eleaven children by name, Johannes, Margaret, Ann, Oliver, Mary, Philip, Stephannus, Gertrude, Elizabeth, Katherine aud Cornelia and to such other children as it shall please God to bless me with (who is and are to share and Iuherritt with those above named) to have and to hold to them their heirs and assignes respectively, and it is my Desire and Appointment that the same houses, lands, and premises be Either Equally Divided amongst them my said children, or that they hold or enjoy the same in Common Amongst them as my sd children and provisors and guardians hereafter named shall judge and think most effectuall and proper for ther best advantage, use, and benefit.

Item. -- I do give Devise and Bequeath all my other houses, lands, mills, tenements, pastures, meadows, and their appurtenances and oilier Real Estate whatsoever-- and where so ever it be (after ye Decease of my s' dear wife) unto my Eleaven children by name, Johannes, Margaret, Ann, Oliver, Mary, Philip, Stephannus, Gertrude, Elizabeth, Katherine aud Cornelia and to such other children as it shall please God to bless me with (who is and are to share and Iuherritt with those above named) to have and to hold to them their heirs and assignes respectively, and it is my Desire and Appointment that the same houses, lands, and premises be Either Equally Divided amongst them my said children, or that they hold or enjoy the same in Common Amongst them as my sd children and provisors and guardians hereafter named shall judge and think most effectuall and proper for ther best advantage, use, and benefit.

Item. -- It is my will and appointment and Direction that upon a Division of my s'1 houses lands and mills and other Real Estate my Sons accord8 to their priority of Birth shall have the first choyce alwayes allowing to the value of

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

those parts they shall choose that the respective party and persons of my children may be made Equal] in worth one to another.

Item.-- I will and Direct that in case after the Decease of my s'1 Dear wife itt should so happen (which God prevent) that if any of my sons should be visited by the hand of God by any Distemper, sickness or accident and thereby or otherwise be rendered uncapable or unable of making a propper choyse for themselves then my overseers to whose prudence and Descretion I leave the full management of this matter; have power upon such division of my read Estate afores1 such Lott and part thereof and to assign, allow, divide and lay out to such of my sons soe visited as they shall judge most fitt and proper for his or their shares, maintanance and support.

Item.-- I will and Direct that in case after the Decease of my s'1 Dear wife itt should so happen (which God prevent) that if any of my sons should be visited by the hand of God by any Distemper, sickness or accident and thereby or otherwise be rendered uncapable or unable of making a propper choyse for themselves then my overseers to whose prudence and Descretion I leave the full management of this matter; have power upon such division of my read Estate afores1 such Lott and part thereof and to assign, allow, divide and lay out to such of my sons soe visited as they shall judge most fitt and proper for his or their shares, maintanance and support.

Item. -- I give and devise and bequeath to every one of my said children and such other child or children itt shall please God to bless me with, that is to say to those who are not already provided for, in this maimer by me and what in my life time shall not by me be thus provided for, a lott of ground within the city of New York for the building a convenient dwelling house in w*'1' it is my Desire my Executrix with the Advice and consent of my said overseers shall allott, lave out and possess them of respectively as each of my sons attain the age of one and twenty years and my Daughters as they attaine to those years or be married to have and to hold them my said children respectively and to their heirs and assigues for ever. _

Item. -- I give and devise and bequeath to every one of my said children and such other child or children itt shall please God to bless me with, that is to say to those who are not already provided for, in this maimer by me and what in my life time shall not by me be thus provided for, a lott of ground within the city of New York for the building a convenient dwelling house in w*'1' it is my Desire my Executrix with the Advice and consent of my said overseers shall allott, lave out and possess them of respectively as each of my sons attain the age of one and twenty years and my Daughters as they attaine to those years or be married to have and to hold them my said children respectively and to their heirs and assigues for ever. _

Item. -- I give and bequeath to every one of my children not already provided for in this manner by nice, or that in my lifetime shall not by me be thus Provided for the sum of one hundred and fifty pounds apiece, Lawful money of New York, to be paid them respectively out of my personal Estate by my Executrix to my sons respectively, when they shall attaine to the age of one and twenty years, and to my daughters when they respectively attaine to that age, or be married, together with such household stuff to each of my said children as my Executrix shall see fit and convenient.

Item. -- I give and bequeath to every one of my children not already provided for in this manner by nice, or that in my lifetime shall not by me be thus Provided for the sum of one hundred and fifty pounds apiece, Lawful money of New York, to be paid them respectively out of my personal Estate by my Executrix to my sons respectively, when they shall attaine to the age of one and twenty years, and to my daughters when they respectively attaine to that age, or be married, together with such household stuff to each of my said children as my Executrix shall see fit and convenient.

Item. -- It is my Will and Desire and Appointment that if any of my said children shall happen to dye, that is to say, any sons before they attaine respectively to the age of one and twenty years, and my daughters before they respectively attaine that age or be married, then neither the said Lott of ground nor the said one hundred and fifty pounds shall be given, laid out or allowed them or either of them.

Item. -- It is my Will and Desire, and I do hereby Declare and Ordain that if it shall so happen (which God forbid) that by Warr, Losses, Bankrupts or other inevitable misfortunes, my pcrsonall Estate shall be soe lost or diminished that my Executrix cannott reasonably pay the said Several legacies of one hundred and fifty pounds to each of -my said children, then it is my Will and Desire that She only pay soe much to each of my children as she shall find herself able to pay and shall judge convenient, leaving the same wholly in such case to her maternall love and good discretion. And I do hereby Will, order and Declare that in such case, what each child or children shall have less than my other children in this manner already provided for, have had after the descase of my said dear wife, shall be suplyed and made good to them out of my Real estate before any division therein to be made as aforesaid, so that their said portions may be made alike and Equall.

Item. -- It is my Will and Desire, and I do hereby Declare and Ordain that if it shall so happen (which God forbid) that by Warr, Losses, Bankrupts or other inevitable misfortunes, my pcrsonall Estate shall be soe lost or diminished that my Executrix cannott reasonably pay the said Several legacies of one hundred and fifty pounds to each of -my said children, then it is my Will and Desire that She only pay soe much to each of my children as she shall find herself able to pay and shall judge convenient, leaving the same wholly in such case to her maternall love and good discretion. And I do hereby Will, order and Declare that in such case, what each child or children shall have less than my other children in this manner already provided for, have had after the descase of my said dear wife, shall be suplyed and made good to them out of my Real estate before any division therein to be made as aforesaid, so that their said portions may be made alike and Equall.

104 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Item. -- I give and Bequeath to my well beloved wife, Gucrtruydt Van Cortland, if she continue my widow, all and singular my personal and mixed Estate and Moveables whatsoever and wheresoever within this Province of New York or elsewhere, be the same in Goods, Whares, cattle, depts, Linen, wooling, plate, Jewells, or of any other nature or kind whatsoever. And I do hereby make my said Beloved wife Gurtruydt Van Cortlai.dt, sole Execurix of this my last Will and Testament who ( it is my Desire and Will ) shall out of my mixed andpersonall Estate, pay, satisfie and Discharge all my Just Depts, and also my Funeral Charges.

Item. -- I give and Bequeath to my well beloved wife, Gucrtruydt Van Cortland, if she continue my widow, all and singular my personal and mixed Estate and Moveables whatsoever and wheresoever within this Province of New York or elsewhere, be the same in Goods, Whares, cattle, depts, Linen, wooling, plate, Jewells, or of any other nature or kind whatsoever. And I do hereby make my said Beloved wife Gurtruydt Van Cortlai.dt, sole Execurix of this my last Will and Testament who ( it is my Desire and Will ) shall out of my mixed andpersonall Estate, pay, satisfie and Discharge all my Just Depts, and also my Funeral Charges.

Item. -- I will ordainc and Devise that my s1' wife my Executrix shall have the custody and care of the Education and bringing up of cay said Children and During her widowhood shall have, taRe and receive to her own use, the full and whole rents, Issues and Profitts of all aud every parte of my said houses, lauds, mills and other such Estate whatsoever, without giving or rendering any inventory or account thereof to any person whatsoever, aud it is my Will and Desire and Request that she, my said Executrix, do out of the same, and my personal Estate provide for, maintaine, Educate and bring up, all such of my children as at the time of my Death shall be under the age of one and twenty and unmarried, until they attain the said age of one and twenty yeera or be married.

Item. -- I will ordainc and Devise that my s1' wife my Executrix shall have the custody and care of the Education and bringing up of cay said Children and During her widowhood shall have, taRe and receive to her own use, the full and whole rents, Issues and Profitts of all aud every parte of my said houses, lauds, mills and other such Estate whatsoever, without giving or rendering any inventory or account thereof to any person whatsoever, aud it is my Will and Desire and Request that she, my said Executrix, do out of the same, and my personal Estate provide for, maintaine, Educate and bring up, all such of my children as at the time of my Death shall be under the age of one and twenty and unmarried, until they attain the said age of one and twenty yeera or be married.

Provided, always, that in case my said wife shall think fit to marry again, that is my Will, Desire and Determination, that she shall give aa exact aud perfect Inventory of all my personall Estate then in being to my Overseers, the Guardians of my children herein after named or the survivors or survivor of them and in such case, my Debts being first truly paide, I give, Will, Devise and Bequeath the one Equall third parte of all my said personall Estate to my said wife for her and also an equal third parte of the rents, Issues and Profits of all and singular my said houses, lands, mills and Real estate for and during her naturall Life, and further it is my Desire, Will and Direction that in case of my wive's re-Marriage she shall have the choice or election of my houses which she shall like best to live in, she allowing the rent of the same house unto her third part of the rents and profitts of my Real Estate hereby Bequeathed her.

Provided, always, that in case my said wife shall think fit to marry again, that is my Will, Desire and Determination, that she shall give aa exact aud perfect Inventory of all my personall Estate then in being to my Overseers, the Guardians of my children herein after named or the survivors or survivor of them and in such case, my Debts being first truly paide, I give, Will, Devise and Bequeath the one Equall third parte of all my said personall Estate to my said wife for her and also an equal third parte of the rents, Issues and Profits of all and singular my said houses, lands, mills and Real estate for and during her naturall Life, and further it is my Desire, Will and Direction that in case of my wive's re-Marriage she shall have the choice or election of my houses which she shall like best to live in, she allowing the rent of the same house unto her third part of the rents and profitts of my Real Estate hereby Bequeathed her.

Item. -- If it should so happen that my wife afores1 should re-marry then I give and Bequeath two thirds of my personall Estate and two thirds of the rents, Issues and Profitts, of my houses, Lands, Mills and Real Estate, to all my children as aforesaid during the naturall life of my said Wife Equally to be divided amongst them. In case it should so happen that any of my said Children should come to dye, that is to say, any of my sons before they attaine the age of one and twenty years, or any of my daughters before the}' attaine the same age unmarried, then it is my Desire, and I do hereby Order aud Direct that their share of my Real Estate herein before Devised shall Devolve and Come to my surviving children and the heirs of the Bodyes of such of my sons who shall dye after their attaining the age of one and twenty years and the heirs of the bodye of such of my daughters as shall be marrried.

In case it should so happen that any of my said Children should come to dye, that is to say, any of my sons before they attaine the age of one and twenty years, or any of my daughters before the}' attaine the same age unmarried, then it is my Desire, and I do hereby Order aud Direct that their share of my Real Estate herein before Devised shall Devolve and Come to my surviving children and the heirs of the Bodyes of such of my sons who shall dye after their attaining the age of one and twenty years and the heirs of the bodye of such of my daughters as shall be marrried.

Item. -- In case it should so happen that all my children should dye, the sons before they attaine the age of one and twenty, and my daughters before they attaine that age or before marriage, and my wife happens to man ic at all, then it is my will and desire, and I do hereby order, bequeath and devise that my said wife do have and enjoy all my estate Real and Personal or mixt, during her

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

io5

natural life, and that after her decease the one full and equal half or moyety thereof shall devolve, come and be enjoyed by my rightful heirs and the other half to and by the right heirs of my beloved wife aforesaid. Item, I do will, order and determine, ancf in case it should so happen that my said beloved wife shall dye before my sons come to the age of one and twenty years or before my daughters attaine to that age or be married then it is my desire and appointment that all such of my sons as at the decease of my said wife, shall become to the age of one and twenty years, and all such of my daughters as at her death shall be under that age and unmarried, shall be maintained and educated by my sons till they come to the age of one and twenty years or my daughters until they come to that age or are married, out of the rents, Profitts and ishues of my houses, lands and real Estate, and also out of the same shall be provided for and advanced and equall with my other chilldren which accounting the lott of Ground, the one hundred and fifty Pounds and household stuff before mentioned Intended for each of my children, I do Estimate to amount unto the Value of £500 New York money, to each child besides the parte and share of my reall Estate herein Before Deposed and Devised.

Item, I do will, order and determine, ancf in case it should so happen that my said beloved wife shall dye before my sons come to the age of one and twenty years or before my daughters attaine to that age or be married then it is my desire and appointment that all such of my sons as at the decease of my said wife, shall become to the age of one and twenty years, and all such of my daughters as at her death shall be under that age and unmarried, shall be maintained and educated by my sons till they come to the age of one and twenty years or my daughters until they come to that age or are married, out of the rents, Profitts and ishues of my houses, lands and real Estate, and also out of the same shall be provided for and advanced and equall with my other chilldren which accounting the lott of Ground, the one hundred and fifty Pounds and household stuff before mentioned Intended for each of my children, I do Estimate to amount unto the Value of £500 New York money, to each child besides the parte and share of my reall Estate herein Before Deposed and Devised. Lastly, I do hereby Constitute, Declare and appoint my said Beloved Wife my Executrix together with my Brother Jacobus Van Cortlaudt, my Brother Brant Schuyler and my Cousin William Nicholls to be Guardians, Tutors and Overseers over my said children and to see that this my "Will relating to them and each of them be duly, fully and truly Executed, performed and accomplished according to the just, true and Genuing Intent and Meaning thereof. In Testimony whereof, I the said Testator have hereunto sett my hand and scale in the presence of the Witnesses whose names are under written the day, month and year first before mentioned.

Lastly, I do hereby Constitute, Declare and appoint my said Beloved Wife my Executrix together with my Brother Jacobus Van Cortlaudt, my Brother Brant Schuyler and my Cousin William Nicholls to be Guardians, Tutors and Overseers over my said children and to see that this my "Will relating to them and each of them be duly, fully and truly Executed, performed and accomplished according to the just, true and Genuing Intent and Meaning thereof. In Testimony whereof, I the said Testator have hereunto sett my hand and scale in the presence of the Witnesses whose names are under written the day, month and year first before mentioned.

Signed, sealed and declared to be The last Will and Testament of the above named Stephanus Van Cortland in the presence of

Tno. Wenham,

Rip Van' Dam, ,

The will of Geertruy or Gertrude, his wife, bears date Oct., 1718, and was proved. Upon the 23d of December, A. D., 1706, Oliver Van Cortlaudt, one of the devisees of Stephanus, published his last will and testament, in which he devised all his right, title and interest, of and into his portion, to his ten surviving brothers and sisters, by which they became seized in fee of Cortlandt's Manor as tenants in common.

In the year 1730, (November 13th,) the aforesaid children and devisees drew up articles of agreement for the division of the Manor. Upon the 29th of May, 1733, a division was made of that part of the Manor situated north of the River Croton. It was not, however, until Novem-

D., 1706, Oliver Van Cortlaudt, one of the devisees of Stephanus, published his last will and testament, in which he devised all his right, title and interest, of and into his portion, to his ten surviving brothers and sisters, by which they became seized in fee of Cortlandt's Manor as tenants in common.

In the year 1730, (November 13th,) the aforesaid children and devisees drew up articles of agreement for the division of the Manor. Upon the 29th of May, 1733, a division was made of that part of the Manor situated north of the River Croton. It was not, however, until Novem-

JoiIN ABEEL,

Richard Stooks, Andrew Teller, Jur."

The above will was proved 7th of Jan. 1701.''

a Rec, of Wills, Snrroeate's Office, N. Y., No. 2, 1GS2-1692, Pp. TS, 79, SO, SI, S2, S3. b Rec of Wilis, Surrogate's Office, N. Y., No. 2, 1682-1692, pp. S4.

106 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

ber the 4th, 1734, that a final partition, and division, of the Manor took place between the surviving children and grandchildren of Col. Stephanus Van Cortlandt, when they gave to each other releases in due form of law in severalty, viz :

Philip Verplanck and Gertrude, his wife ; Mary Melin ; Samuel Bayard and Margaret, his wife ; Andrew Johnson, and Catharine, his wife ; Stephen de Lancey, and Anne, his wife ; Philip Van Cortlandt ; John Schuyler, and Cornelia, his wife" , and William Skinner, and Elizabeth, his wife.

The original partition deed is in the possession of Pierre Van Wyck, M.D., of Sing Sing.

Stephanus Van Cortlandt, when they gave to each other releases in due form of law in severalty, viz :

Philip Verplanck and Gertrude, his wife ; Mary Melin ; Samuel Bayard and Margaret, his wife ; Andrew Johnson, and Catharine, his wife ; Stephen de Lancey, and Anne, his wife ; Philip Van Cortlandt ; John Schuyler, and Cornelia, his wife" , and William Skinner, and Elizabeth, his wife.

The original partition deed is in the possession of Pierre Van Wyck, M.D., of Sing Sing.

" NUMBER OF ACRES IN THE MANOR OF CORTLANDT.

FRONT LOTS.

No. 1. 1255 Philip Van Cortlandt.

2. 932 P. V. Planck,

3. 1886 Skinner.

4. 1447 Stephen Van Cortlandt.

5. 1220 John Miller.

6. 1720 De Lancey.

7. 1027 Mary Bayard,

8. 808 Mr. Schuyler.

9- 1233 Andrew Johnson.

10. 2764 Mrs. Beekniau.

14,333 front lots. 32,887 north lots. 28,765 south lots. 7,128 south of Croton.

83.113 acres in Manor divided. 3,000 acres in Pound Ridge. 100 acres in Parsons Point.

86,213 "6

The share of each heir amounted nearly to 8,000 acres.

By this partition of the Manor, the following lots were laid out to the devisees in Cortlandt town, viz. :

River lot No. 1, to Philip Van Cortlandt ; No. 2. Philip Verplanck, who married Gertrude, only daughter and sole heiress of Johannes Van Cortlandt, one of the original devisees.

<t The father and mother of Gen. Philip Schuyler.

b Copied from original document in the possession of Pierre Van Wyck. M. D., of Sing Sin<r, another Partition Deed for the Manor or Cortlandt dated Dec. 14th,"lI53, occurs among the Van Wyck JISS.

By this partition of the Manor, the following lots were laid out to the devisees in Cortlandt town, viz. :

River lot No. 1, to Philip Van Cortlandt ; No. 2. Philip Verplanck, who married Gertrude, only daughter and sole heiress of Johannes Van Cortlandt, one of the original devisees.

<t The father and mother of Gen. Philip Schuyler.

b Copied from original document in the possession of Pierre Van Wyck. M. D., of Sing Sin<r, another Partition Deed for the Manor or Cortlandt dated Dec. 14th,"lI53, occurs among the Van Wyck JISS.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

JO7

No. 3, William Skinner, who married Elizabeth Van Cortlandt. This individual " was the first rector of St. Peter's church, Perth Amboy ; his real name was MacGregor, and he was among those of that clan, proscribed after the rebellion of 1 7 1 5 ; he had received a superior education, and was endued with a strong mind ; having received holy orders, he was appointed missionary to Amboy, in New Jersey, 1721, and died rector, A. D , 1757."0

No. 4, Stephen Van Cortlandt ; No. 5, Mr. Melin ; No. 6, Stephen de Lancey; No. 7, Margaret Bayard, widow of Samuel Bayard; No. 8, Mr. John Schuyler ; this lot had been sold prior to partition. North lot No. 1, Andrew Johnson. We have previously shown that Verplanck's Point, (by the will of Stephanus Van Cortlandt) passed to his son Johannes or John, whose daughter Gertrude married Philip Verplanck.

Peter's church, Perth Amboy ; his real name was MacGregor, and he was among those of that clan, proscribed after the rebellion of 1 7 1 5 ; he had received a superior education, and was endued with a strong mind ; having received holy orders, he was appointed missionary to Amboy, in New Jersey, 1721, and died rector, A. D , 1757."0

No. 4, Stephen Van Cortlandt ; No. 5, Mr. Melin ; No. 6, Stephen de Lancey; No. 7, Margaret Bayard, widow of Samuel Bayard; No. 8, Mr. John Schuyler ; this lot had been sold prior to partition. North lot No. 1, Andrew Johnson. We have previously shown that Verplanck's Point, (by the will of Stephanus Van Cortlandt) passed to his son Johannes or John, whose daughter Gertrude married Philip Verplanck.

In the year 1734 we find Philip Verplanck, of Cortlandt's Manor, and Gertrude his wife only daughter and heiress of Johannes Van Cortlandt, the eldest son and heir of Colonel Stephanus Van Cortlandt, late of the city of New York, deceased, and John Lent, of the said manor, in the other part, bargaining, selling, devising and leasing unto the said John Lent,

"All that certain neck or tract of land and meadow, situate, lying and being in the Manor of Cortlandt, being bounded on the east by the land commonly called Appemaghpogh, and a certain creek, Meanagh on the north by the land now belonging to Hercules Lent, and on the south and west by Hudson's River, containing 1000 acres, the lessee yielding and paying therefor the yearly rent of one pepper-corn on the feast day of St. Michael, the Archangel."6

"All that certain neck or tract of land and meadow, situate, lying and being in the Manor of Cortlandt, being bounded on the east by the land commonly called Appemaghpogh, and a certain creek, Meanagh on the north by the land now belonging to Hercules Lent, and on the south and west by Hudson's River, containing 1000 acres, the lessee yielding and paying therefor the yearly rent of one pepper-corn on the feast day of St. Michael, the Archangel."6

Above Verplanck's Point extended the patent of Hercules Lent, bounded on the north by Magregaries Creek.

Lot No 9 was the property of Andrew Johnson, Esq., who married Catharine, eighth daughter of the Rt. Hon. De Heer Stephanus Van Cortlandt. This individual who resided at Perth Amboy in New Jersey, was descended of the Johnson's or Johnston's of Armandale. County of Dumfries; derived fron Sir John de Johnston. Knt, one of the guardians of the West marches in 1371."

No. 10 was the portion of Gertrude Beekman, fifth daughter of Rt. Hon. De Heer Stephanus Van Cortlandt. who married Col. Henry Beekman. This lady who was born 10th October, 1688, and died 1777, possessed the highlands north of Peekskill creek. Gilbert Van Cortlandt, by his will bearing date 17th of Sept., 1784, and proved 8th of

a Whitehead's East Jersey under the Proprietors. 6 County Kec. Lib. G. p. 681.

c The arms, crest and motto of this family show plainly that they were defenders of the borders in olden time are a saltiere sa., on a chief gu., two cushions or crest a spur erect betw. two wings or straps and buckles gu., mottoes-- Nunquam mon paratus, ai d 1 make sure.

Gilbert Van Cortlandt, by his will bearing date 17th of Sept., 1784, and proved 8th of

a Whitehead's East Jersey under the Proprietors. 6 County Kec. Lib. G. p. 681.

c The arms, crest and motto of this family show plainly that they were defenders of the borders in olden time are a saltiere sa., on a chief gu., two cushions or crest a spur erect betw. two wings or straps and buckles gu., mottoes-- Nunquam mon paratus, ai d 1 make sure.

I08 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

June, 1798, "bequeathed to his loving brother Pierre Van Cortlandt, and his heirs and assigns, all my real estate which was devised to me by my aunt Gertruyd Beekman, being front lot No. 10, called Anthony's Noos and 340 acres being the land bought of Andrew Johnston, Esq., deceased, situated on the south side of Peekskill, called No. 6, &c.a

The division of the Manor, east of the river lots in the town, consisted of lot No. 1, distinguished by the name of the south lot, the property of Philip Van Cortlandt, Esq., also, a north lot No. 1, the property of Andrew Johnson, Esq. ; No. 1, south of the Croton, belonged to Philip Van Cortlandt, from whom it passed to the Hon. Pierre Van Cortlandt. The following advertisement dated March the 18th, 1762, relates to the sale of the above lot. " Conditions of sale of the South lot No. 1, 978 acres of land situated in the south-west corner of Cortlandt Manor, and corner of north lot No. 6, belonging to the estate of Philip Van Cortlandt, Esq., deceased, above mentioned, sometime posted in the New York Gazette, and now to be sold at public vendue, pursuant to an act of General Assembly, passed for the purpose and agreeable to, to a map hereunto annexed, Pierre Van Cortlandt, surviving executor of Philip, deceased, will give a title agreeable to the act of the Assembly, &c.

" Conditions of sale of the South lot No. 1, 978 acres of land situated in the south-west corner of Cortlandt Manor, and corner of north lot No. 6, belonging to the estate of Philip Van Cortlandt, Esq., deceased, above mentioned, sometime posted in the New York Gazette, and now to be sold at public vendue, pursuant to an act of General Assembly, passed for the purpose and agreeable to, to a map hereunto annexed, Pierre Van Cortlandt, surviving executor of Philip, deceased, will give a title agreeable to the act of the Assembly, &c. The lands are to be sold to the highest bidder, and the purchase money to be immediately paid as soon as the deeds are given. Date'd, Manor of Cortlandt, at the ferry-house near the mouth of Croton River.6

The will of Stephen Van Cortlandt, son of Philip, and grandson of Stephanus, bears date 7th of June, 1754. His wife was Mary Walton, daughter of William Ricketts of Westmoreland* Island of Jamaica, and Mary Walton of New York. His sons were Philip and William Ricketts, and a daughter, Catharine, who died young.

Item. -- I do hereby give, devise and bequeath unto my said son Philip Van Cortlandt, all that my farm and plantation lying and being in the Manor of Cortlandt, now in the tenure and occupancy of Jacob Cornwall, to have and to hold the same farm and plantation to him, the said Philip, and to his heirs and assigns forever. Item. -- I do hereby give and bequeath unto my said sou Philip, my large silver tankard marked with the family coat of arms, to him, the said Philip; and to his heirs and assigns forever, &c, &c.

Item. -- I do hereby give, devise and bequeath unto my said son Philip Van Cortlandt, all that my farm and plantation lying and being in the Manor of Cortlandt, now in the tenure and occupancy of Jacob Cornwall, to have and to hold the same farm and plantation to him, the said Philip, and to his heirs and assigns forever. Item. -- I do hereby give and bequeath unto my said sou Philip, my large silver tankard marked with the family coat of arms, to him, the said Philip; and to his heirs and assigns forever, &c, &c.

This will was proved and administered 24th of May, 1757, Surrogate's Office, N. Y., Lib. xx, 1273.

Upon the 30th of March, 1762, John de Milt and Susannah his wife, conveyed to Pierre Van Cortlandt two tracts of land, the first being a part of lot No. 6, and the second, lot No. 1, south of the Croton. The

a Surrogate's Office. N. Y., Lib. xlii. : 410.

b Copied from original document iu possession of tne late Pnilip G. Vau Wyck, Esq.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT. 109

heirs of the above grantee still hold lot No. i. Lot No. 2 belonged to Oliver de Lancy, and lot No. 3 to John Watts.

Philip Van Cortlandt the eldest surviving son of Stephanus was born on the 9th of August, 1683. He married Catharine de Peyster, and on the failure of heirs, male, to his elder brother John, continued the line of the family. Upon the death of Philip,0 (which took place 21st of August, 1746,) his property became divided among his six children, viz., Stephen, Abraham, Philip, John, Pierre and Catharine. Stephen, the eldest, married Mary Walton Ricketts. Their descendants at present reside in England, and have intermarried with many members of the British nobility.

He married Catharine de Peyster, and on the failure of heirs, male, to his elder brother John, continued the line of the family. Upon the death of Philip,0 (which took place 21st of August, 1746,) his property became divided among his six children, viz., Stephen, Abraham, Philip, John, Pierre and Catharine. Stephen, the eldest, married Mary Walton Ricketts. Their descendants at present reside in England, and have intermarried with many members of the British nobility.

The fifth son, Pierre Van Cortlandt, ultimately became the oldest surviving representative of the Van Cortlandt family in America, and the heir at law of the entail.

Upon the breaking out of the revolutionary war, Pierre Van Cortlandt was appointed president of the committee of public safety, and was subsequently elected Lieutenant Governor of this State. Throughout the

a The will of Philip Van Cortlandt bears date Aug. 1, 1746. In which he gives and devises " all that my three farms or lotts of land described in the map or survey of the Manor of Cortlandt, by the south lot No. 1, to wit, the farme where Johannes Bachies lives on, and the farme where Johannes Snock, Blacksmith, lives on, and the farme where Andrews Miller now lives on, each farme to contain 2!iu acres adjoining to each other, with all rights, privileges, Ac, belonging, Ac, first during the tenure of his natural life ;remaiuder to James De Lancey, Esq., and Peter DeLancey, gentlemen, both of New York,and the survivors of them and the heirs of such survivor for and during the life of my said son Stephen, to the intent to support the contingent Remainders in this my will after limitted so that the same may not be destroyed but in trust nevertheless to permit and sutler him my said son Stephen to possess the said farms and premises with the appurtenances and to receive and lake the rents, issues and prollts thereof to aid for his own use during his natural life and from and after his decease, then I devise the said three farms to the first son of the Body of my son Stephen, lawfully Issued, (whether then born or unborn) and to the heirs, male, of the 'body of such first son lawfully issuing, and for default of such issue, then likewise to the second, third and any other sou of my said son Stephen successively, and in their order the one after the other as tin y shall be in seniority of age and priority of birth and the several aud respective heirs, male, of the Body and bodys of every such second, third and other son or sons (the eldest of such sous and the kius, male, of his Body beiug always preferred and to take before any of the younger sons and heirs, male of his Body) and In case of all such Issues, male, failing, then I do give and devise the said three farms, Ac, unto my second son Abraham, on the same conditions." Then to his third son Joh'i and from him to his fourth son Pierre.

In which he gives and devises " all that my three farms or lotts of land described in the map or survey of the Manor of Cortlandt, by the south lot No. 1, to wit, the farme where Johannes Bachies lives on, and the farme where Johannes Snock, Blacksmith, lives on, and the farme where Andrews Miller now lives on, each farme to contain 2!iu acres adjoining to each other, with all rights, privileges, Ac, belonging, Ac, first during the tenure of his natural life ;remaiuder to James De Lancey, Esq., and Peter DeLancey, gentlemen, both of New York,and the survivors of them and the heirs of such survivor for and during the life of my said son Stephen, to the intent to support the contingent Remainders in this my will after limitted so that the same may not be destroyed but in trust nevertheless to permit and sutler him my said son Stephen to possess the said farms and premises with the appurtenances and to receive and lake the rents, issues and prollts thereof to aid for his own use during his natural life and from and after his decease, then I devise the said three farms to the first son of the Body of my son Stephen, lawfully Issued, (whether then born or unborn) and to the heirs, male, of the 'body of such first son lawfully issuing, and for default of such issue, then likewise to the second, third and any other sou of my said son Stephen successively, and in their order the one after the other as tin y shall be in seniority of age and priority of birth and the several aud respective heirs, male, of the Body and bodys of every such second, third and other son or sons (the eldest of such sous and the kius, male, of his Body beiug always preferred and to take before any of the younger sons and heirs, male of his Body) and In case of all such Issues, male, failing, then I do give and devise the said three farms, Ac, unto my second son Abraham, on the same conditions." Then to his third son Joh'i and from him to his fourth son Pierre.

"And in default of such Issue, male, of all my said sons, then I devise the remainder in fee of the three said fauns, Ac, unto my own right heir, male, Ac." " To his second son Abraham, he bequeaths his dwelling house and joined thereto belonging fronting Stone street, New York, wherein he now lives, Ac, "also all that last part of the fourteen farms called or known by the name of my north lott (No. G.) in the Manor of Cortlandt as the same as described in the map or survey from No. 1 to 7, also the farm where John Jurree Seer now lives on to contain 2!i0 acres adjoining to each other, Ac, on the same conditions as before mentioned from Abraham to Stephen, from Stephen to John and from John to Pierre, "all failing to his right heir, male.'' Three farms in the Manor of Cortlandt known as No'sS, 9 and 10. "To his fourth son Pierre, he devises all that my house and farm or lott of land described on the map or survey of the Manor of Cortlandt, known by the name of south lott (No. 1,) being the East River lott, from Teller's Point, extending all along Croton River together with the Perry-house and Kerry thereunto belonging, including the farm where David Brown now lives, and also a lott of land on the east side of Croton River in the Manor of Cortlandt, known by the lott (No. 1) now In possession of Peter Williams and the widow of Hendrick David, the whole as it Is conveyed to me also four farms in the Manor of Cortlandt in north lott (no. 6) No's 11, 12, 13 and 14." "And that all and every of my said four sons Stephen, Abraham, John and Pierre, and th» heirs, male, of their respective Bodvs, shall and may from time to time ard at all times hereafter at all tlting seasons in the year have lull and free liberty, leave and lvseuco to Hunt, Fish and Fowl near, about, in and upon Croton Piver, when and as often as they shall think fitting.

"To his fourth son Pierre, he devises all that my house and farm or lott of land described on the map or survey of the Manor of Cortlandt, known by the name of south lott (No. 1,) being the East River lott, from Teller's Point, extending all along Croton River together with the Perry-house and Kerry thereunto belonging, including the farm where David Brown now lives, and also a lott of land on the east side of Croton River in the Manor of Cortlandt, known by the lott (No. 1) now In possession of Peter Williams and the widow of Hendrick David, the whole as it Is conveyed to me also four farms in the Manor of Cortlandt in north lott (no. 6) No's 11, 12, 13 and 14." "And that all and every of my said four sons Stephen, Abraham, John and Pierre, and th» heirs, male, of their respective Bodvs, shall and may from time to time ard at all times hereafter at all tlting seasons in the year have lull and free liberty, leave and lvseuco to Hunt, Fish and Fowl near, about, in and upon Croton Piver, when and as often as they shall think fitting. This Will was proved 17th of Nov., 174S. Surrogate's Office, N. Y., l ib. xvl, p. 8TRi The flshingrtghts of the Van Cortlandt's are said to have extended two miles, i.e., from Deer Island iu the river Croton to the marked rock on Crawbucky Point near Siug-Sing.

I IO

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

This Will was proved 17th of Nov., 174S. Surrogate's Office, N. Y., l ib. xvl, p. 8TRi The flshingrtghts of the Van Cortlandt's are said to have extended two miles, i.e., from Deer Island iu the river Croton to the marked rock on Crawbucky Point near Siug-Sing.

I IO

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

trying period of the revolution, he appears to have been the principal administrator of the State government, (George Clinton being necessarily engaged in the military duties.) His patriotic zeal rendered him so obnoxious to the enemy, that the British Governor set a bounty on his head.

The following obituary notice of this illustrious individual occurs in the Gazette of May 17, 1814:

"Pierre Van Cortlandt, early took an active part against every oppression of the English government upon the colonies. He was chosen into the first Provincial Congress, was a member of the committee which formed the constitution of this State, and was honored by the suffrages of his country at the first election under the new government the station of lieutenant governor, and continued to be elected to that office for eighteen years successively. He was the friend and confident of that great patriot, George Clinton. In the revolution he shared the fate of the friends of their country; his family we're obliged to abandon their homes in the Manor of Cortlandt, and take refuge in the interior. Firm and undismayed in adversity; the ill success of our arms was a stimulous to greater exertions. He was one of those who, relying on the justice of their cause, put their trust in God and stood firm at the post of danger. In prosperity he was not too much elated, but held a temperate and uniform course, having in new only the independence of the United States and the safety of his country.

In the revolution he shared the fate of the friends of their country; his family we're obliged to abandon their homes in the Manor of Cortlandt, and take refuge in the interior. Firm and undismayed in adversity; the ill success of our arms was a stimulous to greater exertions. He was one of those who, relying on the justice of their cause, put their trust in God and stood firm at the post of danger. In prosperity he was not too much elated, but held a temperate and uniform course, having in new only the independence of the United States and the safety of his country.

" In the Senate of this State he presided with dignity and propriety, nor ever suffered his opinion to be known until called upon constitutionally to decide; and his vote wis then given with promptness, uninfluenced by party feelings, and evidencing the convictions of a sound and honest mind. In the year 1795 he declined a re-election as lieutenant governor, and retired into private life."

The Hon. Pierre Van Cortlandt died on the morning of the first day of May instant, at his seat at Croton River, in this town, in the 94th year of his age, leaving issue by his wife Joanna Livingston, Philip, Gilbert, Stephen, Pierre, Catharine, Cornelia, Anne and Gertrude.

Philip, the eldest son, was born in the city of New York on the first day of September, 1749. This individual was brought up at the Manor House on the Croton, and subsequently received a liberal education in the vicinity of Coldingham, N". Y. He was admitted to Kings College (now Columbia) in 1754, graduated B. D. 1758, and received two A'. M. degrees in 1761.

Pierre Van Cortlandt died on the morning of the first day of May instant, at his seat at Croton River, in this town, in the 94th year of his age, leaving issue by his wife Joanna Livingston, Philip, Gilbert, Stephen, Pierre, Catharine, Cornelia, Anne and Gertrude.

Philip, the eldest son, was born in the city of New York on the first day of September, 1749. This individual was brought up at the Manor House on the Croton, and subsequently received a liberal education in the vicinity of Coldingham, N". Y. He was admitted to Kings College (now Columbia) in 1754, graduated B. D. 1758, and received two A'. M. degrees in 1761.

At the early age of nineteen he commenced business as a land surveyor; he had also the management of an extensive flouring mill and ■country store. Soon after the destruction of Lexington and Concord (by the British troops) he threw up business, and agreeing with his patriotic father in sentiment, determined by an appeal to arms, to obtain

THE TOWN OK CORTLANDT.

I I I

either liberty or death. In this intention he was strongly opposed by his tor}' relations, who used every effort to induce him to join their standard. Governor Tryon at the same time forwarded him a major's commission in the Cortlandt militia. This document he subsequently destroyed, and received in lieu thereof a lieutenant colonel's commission in the Continental service, bearing date June, 1775, signed John Hancock, President of Congress. He continued to hold the above command in the 4th New York regiment until November the 28th, 1776, when he received from General Washington a colonel's commission in the 2d New York regiment. In this capacity he served at the battles of Stillwater and Saratoga. In both of these actions the New York regiment suffered severely.

This document he subsequently destroyed, and received in lieu thereof a lieutenant colonel's commission in the Continental service, bearing date June, 1775, signed John Hancock, President of Congress. He continued to hold the above command in the 4th New York regiment until November the 28th, 1776, when he received from General Washington a colonel's commission in the 2d New York regiment. In this capacity he served at the battles of Stillwater and Saratoga. In both of these actions the New York regiment suffered severely. In the winter of 1778 he was ordered to protect the frontiers against the depredations of Erant, the Indian chief, who had destroyed much valuable property and murdered several of the defenseless inhabitants. In pursuance of these orders Col. Van Cortlandt marched to Laghawack, where he posted his command. Soon afterwards having received fresh orders from the commander-in-chief, he was on the eve of marching when Brant, supposing he had left the neighborhood, prematurely set fire to an adjoining village. The colonel immediately started his whole command in hot pursuit. Upon the first tidings, however, of their approach, Brant fled to the neighboring hills. In his diary Gen. Philip Van Cortlandt remarks, "As I approached him (Brant) he being on the hills, and seeing me leaning against a pine tree waiting for the closing up of my men, ordered a rifle Indian to kill me, but fortunately he over-shot me, the ball passing three inches over my head. I then pursued him, but could not overtake him, as he ran through a large swamp."

Upon the first tidings, however, of their approach, Brant fled to the neighboring hills. In his diary Gen. Philip Van Cortlandt remarks, "As I approached him (Brant) he being on the hills, and seeing me leaning against a pine tree waiting for the closing up of my men, ordered a rifle Indian to kill me, but fortunately he over-shot me, the ball passing three inches over my head. I then pursued him, but could not overtake him, as he ran through a large swamp."

In the year 1779-80, Col. Van Cortlandt was a member of the court that tried Gen. B. Arnold for improper conduct. His own views of the matter are thus recorded in the his diary : " Gen. Arnold being under arrest for improper conduct in Philadelphia, while he commanded there, I was chosen one of the court-martial, Maj. Gen. Howe, President. There were also in that court four officers who had been at Ticonderoga when Col. Hazen was called on for trial, &c. ; we were for cashiering Arnold, but the majority overruled, and he was finally sentenced to be reprimanded by the commander-in-chief. Had all the court known Arnold's former conduct as well as myself he would have been dismissed the service," &c.

In the year 1780 Col. Van Cortlandt was selected as one of the colonels to command a regiment of infantry under Major General La Fayette. A letter is still preserved in the family from the Marquis de La Fayette

112 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Hazen was called on for trial, &c. ; we were for cashiering Arnold, but the majority overruled, and he was finally sentenced to be reprimanded by the commander-in-chief. Had all the court known Arnold's former conduct as well as myself he would have been dismissed the service," &c.

In the year 1780 Col. Van Cortlandt was selected as one of the colonels to command a regiment of infantry under Major General La Fayette. A letter is still preserved in the family from the Marquis de La Fayette

112 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

to the Colonel, dated Light Camp, 16th September, 1780, and the following from the Commander-in-Chief to Col. Van Cortlandt :

Sir : -- You will take charge of the clothing, the boats, entrenching tools, and such other stores as shall lie committed to 3'our care by the quarter-mastergenei al ; with these you are to proceed (Sir in the order they are mentioned) to Springfield by the way of Sufferan, Pompton, the Two Bridges, and Chatham. When you arrive at Springfield you will put yourself under the order of Major Gen. Lincoln, or any other your superior officers commanding at that place. You will also, if occasion should require it, alter the above route agreeably to orders from either Major General Lincoln or the quarter-master-general.

You will be particularly careful to collect all your men that are in proper condition to march, and will use your best endeavors to prevent desertion.

Given at King's Bridge this 25th day of August, 1781.

When you arrive at Springfield you will put yourself under the order of Major Gen. Lincoln, or any other your superior officers commanding at that place. You will also, if occasion should require it, alter the above route agreeably to orders from either Major General Lincoln or the quarter-master-general.

You will be particularly careful to collect all your men that are in proper condition to march, and will use your best endeavors to prevent desertion.

Given at King's Bridge this 25th day of August, 1781.

Geo. "Washington.

At the battle of Yorktown, in Virginia, CoL Van Cortlandt appears to have served on picket guard : for his conduct on this occasion he was advanced to the rank of Brigadier General. To his care the commanderin-chief entrusted 700 British and Hessian prisoners of war, which he conducted in safety to Fredericksburg. During the spring of 1782 his camp on the Flat Fields was visited by General and Lady Washington."

Upon the suspension of hostilities Gen. Van Cortlandt retired to the Manor House at Croton ; he was afterwards chosen one of the commissioners of forfeitures, and represented for sixteen years this district in Congress, declining re-election in 181 1. Gen. Van Cortlandt accompanied the Marquis de La Fayette in his tour of the United States in 1824. The general died at his house on the Croton November 21st, 1 83 1, and with him expired the entail. By his will he bequeathed to his brother, Gen. Pierre Van Cortlandt, 600 acres ; to his three sisters, Anne Van Rensselaer, Cornelia Beekman, and Catharine Van Wyck, 200 acres each ; and his western lands to his nephew, the late Philip G. Van Wyck of Sing Sing. The latter gentleman afterwards inherited his mother's portion consisting of 200 acres on north lot No. 1, south of the Croton, together with 112 acres north of that river.

By his will he bequeathed to his brother, Gen. Pierre Van Cortlandt, 600 acres ; to his three sisters, Anne Van Rensselaer, Cornelia Beekman, and Catharine Van Wyck, 200 acres each ; and his western lands to his nephew, the late Philip G. Van Wyck of Sing Sing. The latter gentleman afterwards inherited his mother's portion consisting of 200 acres on north lot No. 1, south of the Croton, together with 112 acres north of that river.

Peekskill, the principal town in Cortlandt town, is beautifully situated at one of the most picturesque points on the Hudson and east shore of the Bay of the same name. This place commands every advantage of river navigation, besides an extensive inland trade, of which it forms the depot.

By the Mohegan Indians the place was called Sachoes, a term dea Extracts from Gen. Philip van Cortlandt's diary In the possession o: lU3 nephew, the late Philip G. van Wyck, Sing Siug.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

"3

rived from the adjoining lands. The small stream intersecting the village was called by them Magrigaries.

The Dutch first denominated the village Peekskill from Jan Peek, one of their early navigators, who, mistaking the present Annsville creek for the proper passage through the race, ran his yacht ashore on the former. Here he subsequently erected a habitation and spent the winter.

The earliest settlement in this neighborhood commenced one mile north-east of Peekskill, on the property of Capt. John McCoy. The landing place was then at Pemart's dock, near the head of the tide waters of the creek.

The Dutch first denominated the village Peekskill from Jan Peek, one of their early navigators, who, mistaking the present Annsville creek for the proper passage through the race, ran his yacht ashore on the former. Here he subsequently erected a habitation and spent the winter.

The earliest settlement in this neighborhood commenced one mile north-east of Peekskill, on the property of Capt. John McCoy. The landing place was then at Pemart's dock, near the head of the tide waters of the creek.

On the 8th day of August, 1745, occurs a sale of land from Andrew Johnson and Isabella his wife, daughter of Stephanus Van Cortlandt, to Caleb Hall and Palatiah Haws, consisting of a part of lot No. 2, situated in great front lot No. 9, beginning on south side of Peck's creek, containing 351 acres, excepting 16 acres of land conveyed by said Johnson to Mrs. Gertrude Beeckman. a

Fifteen years subsequent to the above sale, Andrew Johnson conveys to Caleb Hall, Joseph Travis and Palatiah Haws, "lands situated at a place called Peekskill."6

In the year 1764, Birdsall, Nathaniel Brown, Joseph Travis, and Capt. Isaac Conklin, commenced the settlement of the present village. At diat early period there was little or no business transacted here. The first store was erected by Daniel Birdsall in the vicinity of middle dock, near the mill of Andrew Johnson, Esq. Captain Swim is said to have sailed the first sloop from Pemart's dock, A. D. 1773.

From its earliest settlement, the growth of Peekskill has been gradual, and its population has increased according to the development of its resources. The population in 1870 was 6,560. The present number will probably exceed 7,000. The village was incorporated in 1839; but prior to this, in 1827, the fire department was organized and an engine purchased.

The first store was erected by Daniel Birdsall in the vicinity of middle dock, near the mill of Andrew Johnson, Esq. Captain Swim is said to have sailed the first sloop from Pemart's dock, A. D. 1773.

From its earliest settlement, the growth of Peekskill has been gradual, and its population has increased according to the development of its resources. The population in 1870 was 6,560. The present number will probably exceed 7,000. The village was incorporated in 1839; but prior to this, in 1827, the fire department was organized and an engine purchased. Nathaniel Bedell was the first foreman of the company. The fire department consists now of five independent companies, constituting two hundred men under Chief Engineer George E. Craft, Esq. The village government was organized in 1839 under the style and title of the " Corporation of the Village of Peekskill " by the election of Capt. F. W. Riqua, Frost Horton, Daniel D. Smith, James Taylor and Morris Depew, as Trustees. Capt. W. Riqua was elected by the Board the first President of the village,"

a Co. Rec. Lib. G., p. 403. 6 Co. Rec. Lib. II., p 344.

e 'I lie present officers are: Stephen D. norton, President, Andrew Fken, William D. S rathard. William 11. Hunter, E. F. Bedell, J. H. Kingsbury and Jaa. H. Robertson, Trustees; Stephen Lent, Clerk.

H4

HISTORY OF THN COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

The streets, which are macadamized and kept in good repair, were first lighted with gas on the ist of December, 1856. The pride of the town is her water works -- the Campfield -- so-called on account of the reservoir, which is located on an eminence that was undoubtedly the camping ground of the soldiers of a revolutionary fort stationed near by. The water furnished by these works is of a pure quality and in unlimited quantities, pumped from the Peekskill Creek, which takes it rise in Putnam County and flows over a clear gravel bottom down through the mountains, supplied by tributaries from innumerable springs.

The pride of the town is her water works -- the Campfield -- so-called on account of the reservoir, which is located on an eminence that was undoubtedly the camping ground of the soldiers of a revolutionary fort stationed near by. The water furnished by these works is of a pure quality and in unlimited quantities, pumped from the Peekskill Creek, which takes it rise in Putnam County and flows over a clear gravel bottom down through the mountains, supplied by tributaries from innumerable springs. The works are situated in a romantic ravine about two miles north of the village, from whence, by ponderous pumps, worked by the power of the water on turbine wheels, the supply is forced to a reservoir of 26,000,000 galloons capacity, at an elevation of 376 feet above tide water. The water furnished by these works, for all practical purposes, is absolutely pure, the microscope having failed to detect impurities in any portions submitted to its tests, while it possesses the peculiar property of cleansing steam boilers from rust, and leaves no deposit in evaporation. The pressure varies in different parts of the town from 100 to 175 lbs. to the square inch, and forces water through a one inch nozzle thirty feet higher than the tallest steeple. In case of fire the danger now is in doing more damage with the water than will be accomplished by the flames. Fire protection is afforded by 75 hydrants so placed that, with few exceptions, all the property in the village is reached. The works were completed in 1875, and in all respects, viz. : economy in construction ($141,000), quality and quantity of water and substantiability, they will ever remain as an enduring monument to the Board of Water Commissioners under whose supervision they were constructed from plans submitted by Chas.

In case of fire the danger now is in doing more damage with the water than will be accomplished by the flames. Fire protection is afforded by 75 hydrants so placed that, with few exceptions, all the property in the village is reached. The works were completed in 1875, and in all respects, viz. : economy in construction ($141,000), quality and quantity of water and substantiability, they will ever remain as an enduring monument to the Board of Water Commissioners under whose supervision they were constructed from plans submitted by Chas. E. Fowler, Esq., the engineer. The Board consisted of Reuben R. Finch, George W. Robertson, Chas. F. Southard, Wm. S. Tompkins, and Gilbert T. Sutton. The following named gentlemen constitute the present Board: Geo. W. Robertson, Ardenus R. Free, Chas. F. Southard, Wm. S. Tompkins and John Halstead.

Superintendent -- Chas. R. Swain.

The town is well situated for purposes of education, furnishing, as it does, facilities for communicating daily and almost hourly with the great city of New York. There are two union free school districts in the town. The amount expended, the pupils taught and the number of teachers are about the same in each district, and the schools are efficiently and economically managed, the annual expense in each school being about $5,000. A principal and seven assistants are employed in each, and the average daily attendance in each is about three hundred.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

"5

The Peekskill Military Academy is delightfully situated upon Oak Hill, a high eminence overlooking the surrounding country and commands an extended view of the ever changing scenery of the Hudson.

The amount expended, the pupils taught and the number of teachers are about the same in each district, and the schools are efficiently and economically managed, the annual expense in each school being about $5,000. A principal and seven assistants are employed in each, and the average daily attendance in each is about three hundred.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

"5

The Peekskill Military Academy is delightfully situated upon Oak Hill, a high eminence overlooking the surrounding country and commands an extended view of the ever changing scenery of the Hudson.

The Academy was built with a capital stock of $7,000, subscribed by the inhabitants of Peekskill, and is under a Board of Trustees and the Regents of the University of the State of New York. The building, originally erected in 1835, and enlarged within the past twenty years by various important additions, is surrounded by over six acres of ground and many fine old trees, and presents one of the most attractive and prominent objects of note in the town. It is, too, to no little extent, associated with its local history, for during its forty years successful career, many prominent citizens have been educated within its walls and many more from distant parts; and we find among its 1,800 of either teachers or taught, the names of some well known throughout our State, viz: Gen. J. W. Husted, Hon. C. M. Depew and others. It was for thirty years, until 1873, under its well known principal, Albert Wells, Esq., and has since that date been conducted by Col. Charles J. Wright, A. M., and Robert Donald, A. M., associate principals. At present it has one hundred students, among whom even Japan has a representation. The present valuation of its property is about $75,000. The following is its Board of Trustees: Hon.

W. Husted, Hon. C. M. Depew and others. It was for thirty years, until 1873, under its well known principal, Albert Wells, Esq., and has since that date been conducted by Col. Charles J. Wright, A. M., and Robert Donald, A. M., associate principals. At present it has one hundred students, among whom even Japan has a representation. The present valuation of its property is about $75,000. The following is its Board of Trustees: Hon. Owen T. Coffin, president; S. R. Knapp, secretary ; N. Dain, treasurer ; Messrs. Edward Wells, O. V. Crane, Coffin S. Brown, William P. Raymond, F. W. Requa, D. F. Clapp, J. B. Brown and D. S. Herrick.

Prof. Unterreiner and Mr. Glen, having leased Searle's Academy, are making arrangements for the establishment of a first-class high school, which will be opened in September. The building, which is large and commodious, occupies an elevated position and commands a fine view of Hudson River scenery. The school and recitation rooms are large and pleasant, with high ceilings, well ventilated, and built with a proper regard to the health and convenience of both teachers and students.

Besides these institutions, there are the St. Gabriel's school, (Episcopal), the Seminary of Our Lady of Angels, (Roman Catholic), and Miss Germond's school for young ladies.

The near proximity of Peekskill to New York city makes it easy of access by the Hudson River Railroad all the year around, and in the summer by steam boats. Some seventeen trains daily leave Peekskill going north and south, whilst ten leave New York City for Peekskill.

The school and recitation rooms are large and pleasant, with high ceilings, well ventilated, and built with a proper regard to the health and convenience of both teachers and students.

Besides these institutions, there are the St. Gabriel's school, (Episcopal), the Seminary of Our Lady of Angels, (Roman Catholic), and Miss Germond's school for young ladies.

The near proximity of Peekskill to New York city makes it easy of access by the Hudson River Railroad all the year around, and in the summer by steam boats. Some seventeen trains daily leave Peekskill going north and south, whilst ten leave New York City for Peekskill.

Here is the market centre of an extensive manufacturing country, but the chief business is the manufacturing and working of iron. The history of the iron business in Peekskill may be said to have begun fifty years

1 16 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

ago, when Stephen Gregory commenced melting iron in a crucible for the purpose of making plow castings. His place was located on Main street, on property now occupied by Southard, Robertson & Co. (The People's Stove Works.) He was succeeded by Wyley, Conklin & Co., who, in 1826, commenced the erection of new buildings, put in machinery, and largely increased the business.

The plow works of Wyley & Conklin having been sold to Henry Robinson, the manufacture of grates and mantles for dwelling houses was commenced. Mr. Robinson was succeeded by Thos. Southard, dee'd, in 1840, who commenced the manufacture of stoves. Some eight or ten years afterwards, upon the death of Mr. Southard, the present farm of Southard, Robertson & Co. came into possession, and the imprint of the People's Stove Works may now be found upon work of their manufacture all over the land.

The plow works of Wyley & Conklin having been sold to Henry Robinson, the manufacture of grates and mantles for dwelling houses was commenced. Mr. Robinson was succeeded by Thos. Southard, dee'd, in 1840, who commenced the manufacture of stoves. Some eight or ten years afterwards, upon the death of Mr. Southard, the present farm of Southard, Robertson & Co. came into possession, and the imprint of the People's Stove Works may now be found upon work of their manufacture all over the land.

In the winter of 1826-27, Seth Hoyt erected part of the buildings now known as the Peekskill Plow Works and commenced the manufacture of plows and plow castings on an extensive plan. A few years afterwards Mr. Hoyt died and the property was purchased by Truman Minor and Frost Horton, who, in 1835, formed a co-partnership under the firm name of Minor & Horton, and three years afterwards the firm became Minor, Horton & Co., who commenced the erection of extensive additions and enlarged their business to such an extent that their wares were shipped to almost every part of the world. This firm continued the business for thirty years, when it was merged into a joint stock company, now known as the Peekskill Plow works.

The foundries now in operation are The People's Stove Works, (Southard, Robertson & Co.), the Union Stove Works, (Hill's), National Stove Works (Stanford's), the foundry of Montross, Lent & Pollock, the American Stove Works, and the Peekskill Manufacturing Company, (Seymour's). In brisk seasons these shops employ from 400 to 600 men.

This firm continued the business for thirty years, when it was merged into a joint stock company, now known as the Peekskill Plow works.

The foundries now in operation are The People's Stove Works, (Southard, Robertson & Co.), the Union Stove Works, (Hill's), National Stove Works (Stanford's), the foundry of Montross, Lent & Pollock, the American Stove Works, and the Peekskill Manufacturing Company, (Seymour's). In brisk seasons these shops employ from 400 to 600 men.

Besides the foundries above enumerated, the most of which have extensive warerooms in New York city, there are located in the village and its immediate vicinity, the Machine works of Anderson Brothers, the Highland Chemical Works, the Force Table and Oil Cloth Manufacturing Co., Binney's Lamp Black Factory, the Annsville Wire Mills, the Oregon Paper Mills, a Manufactory of Drain Tiles and Hageman's Soap Factory.

The Peekskill Blast Furnace is located on Annsville creek, and is connected with the Croft iron mines by a railway built for the purpose, by which the furnace is supplied with a superior quality of iron ore at a

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

'17

comparatively small expense. These works have been idle during the past winter, but are expected to resume operations in a short time.

Located within the town of Cortlandt and drawing a large portion of their supplies from Peekskill, are a number of brick yards, employing a large force of men and making the best brick in market. The one nearest the village is situated on Lent's Flats. This is owned and occupied by Charles D. Southard, employing about thirty men and paying out over $10,000 per season.

These works have been idle during the past winter, but are expected to resume operations in a short time.

Located within the town of Cortlandt and drawing a large portion of their supplies from Peekskill, are a number of brick yards, employing a large force of men and making the best brick in market. The one nearest the village is situated on Lent's Flats. This is owned and occupied by Charles D. Southard, employing about thirty men and paying out over $10,000 per season.

Near the centre of the village stands the Westchester Bank. This institution was first established in Peekskill in 1833, with a capital of $200,000, and the late General Pierre Van Cortlandt elected its first president. It is at present in a flourishing condition, and like the old hills of Westchester, has so far stood firm and unmoved amid troublesome times. The stock has sold at almost as great an advance as ever the United States Bank stock did. The bank declared its first dividend six months after its establishment. The bills used to contain a beautisul vignette representing the capture of Andre by the three farmers of Westchester County; besides a neat engraving of the Hon. Pierre Van Cortlandt, first Lieutenant-Governor of the State. There is also a bust of this individual in the bank, presented by his son the late Gen. Pierre Van Cortlandt.

A short distance below the town is situated the property of Captain Jas. Requa, a lineal descendant of Daniel, who emigrated from La Ro. chelle in France, to New Rochelle in this county and afterwards purchased a farm on the Hudson a little south of Tarrytown.

Pierre Van Cortlandt, first Lieutenant-Governor of the State. There is also a bust of this individual in the bank, presented by his son the late Gen. Pierre Van Cortlandt.

A short distance below the town is situated the property of Captain Jas. Requa, a lineal descendant of Daniel, who emigrated from La Ro. chelle in France, to New Rochelle in this county and afterwards purchased a farm on the Hudson a little south of Tarrytown.

The house is pleasantly located on rising ground overlooking the Albany and New York Post Road and commands beautiful views of the surrounding country. In one of the upper rooms the visitor is shown some ancient portraits in crayon, of the Huggeford or Hugeford family, viz: -- Peter Huggeford, M.D., born and educated in England and one of the most accomplished physicians of his day in this country. He practised in Rye as early as 1753; and is last mentioned in 1772; he subsequently removed to the Manor of Cortlandt and was probably (says Dr. Fisher) the first regular physician in the north-western portion of Westchester county. Being a royalist he retired to the British army when war was declared. His fine farm of two hundred acres was confiscated, and subsequently given by the government to John Paulding for his services as one of the three distinguished captors of Andre, the British spy. The property is now owned by Jacob Strang. He was buried in St. Peter's church-yard at Peekskill, notwithstanding that his gravestone is still to be seen in Trinity church-yard, New York. A portrait of Elizabeth

Being a royalist he retired to the British army when war was declared. His fine farm of two hundred acres was confiscated, and subsequently given by the government to John Paulding for his services as one of the three distinguished captors of Andre, the British spy. The property is now owned by Jacob Strang. He was buried in St. Peter's church-yard at Peekskill, notwithstanding that his gravestone is still to be seen in Trinity church-yard, New York. A portrait of Elizabeth

n8

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Gedney, his wife, aged 53 years, was painted Feb. 27, 1783, -and she is interred in Trinity church-yard, New York.

Dr. John Huggeford of New York, son of the above, died during the prevalance of the yellow fever there; with his brother Peter Huggeford, also a physician, aged 56, was painted by William Williams. Major William Lainey Huggeford, painted Feb. 23, 1783. He is represented in a red coat turned up with blue, black cravat, hair powdered, tied with cue; he was a noted partisan officer and was the second man to scale the walls of Fort Montgomery. He died quite young in Nova Scotia. His wife Charity, who died in 1807, is buried at Harrison. The family were all staunch members of the Episcopal Church. After the close of the Revolution some of them returned to this country and settled at Horseneck, Greenwich, Conn. Mrs. Betsey Field, aged over eighty-six years, who resides with her brother Capt. Requa, is a granddaughter of the elder Dr. Peter Huggeford. A grand-daughter of Dr. John Huggeford is now living at Northampton, Mass.

His wife Charity, who died in 1807, is buried at Harrison. The family were all staunch members of the Episcopal Church. After the close of the Revolution some of them returned to this country and settled at Horseneck, Greenwich, Conn. Mrs. Betsey Field, aged over eighty-six years, who resides with her brother Capt. Requa, is a granddaughter of the elder Dr. Peter Huggeford. A grand-daughter of Dr. John Huggeford is now living at Northampton, Mass.

South-east of Peekskill is the " Mount Florence House," formerly the residence of D. H. Craig, at one time one of the most beautiful places in the county.

The Manor of Cortlandt formerly included three wards or precincts, viz: -- "Cortlandt, Gertrude's boro' or Hanover and Salem, commonly called east, middle and west wards of Cortlandt Manor. While under the royal charter of 1697, the mesne lands were possessed of t-,.e impropriation and the patronage of all and every the church and churches erected or to be erected in the manor."

The earliest records relating to the history of this parish, now accessible, are principally to be found in the MSS. of the venerable society for the Propagation of the Gospel. From these documents it appears that as early as 1744, the Rev. James Wetmore, of Rye, performed divine service at Peekskill. Writing to the society on the 3d of April, 1746, he says: -- "That as there are great numbers of people in the wilderness northward of Bedford and Westchester, who have very little knowledge or sense of religion, Mr. Lamson's labors will be employed to good purpose among them." In 176 1 Mr. Dibble of Stamford, Conn., officiated here, where he informs us "he found no settled teacher of any denomination, but met several heads of families, professors of the Church of England, and many others well disposed towards it." Mr.

Writing to the society on the 3d of April, 1746, he says: -- "That as there are great numbers of people in the wilderness northward of Bedford and Westchester, who have very little knowledge or sense of religion, Mr. Lamson's labors will be employed to good purpose among them." In 176 1 Mr. Dibble of Stamford, Conn., officiated here, where he informs us "he found no settled teacher of any denomination, but met several heads of families, professors of the Church of England, and many others well disposed towards it." Mr. St. George Talbot, who accompanied Mr. Dibble on this occasion, writing to the society, says: -- "The state of religion I truly found deplorable enough, they were as sheep without a shepherd, a prey to various sectaries, and enthusiastic lay teachers ; there are many well wish-

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

II9

ers and professors of the Church among them, who doth not hear the liturgy in several years."

It appears from the following indenture that as early as 1750, Andrew Johnson, Esq., of Perth Amboy, East Jersey, the son-in-law of De Heer Stephauus Van Cortlandt, conveyed in trust to Caleb Hall, Joseph Travis and Palatiah Hawes, six acres of land to promote the erection of a Church edifice. The conveyance bears date 23d of March, 1750, and is as follows: --

DEED FOR CHURCH LOT. (extract.)

"Andrew Johnson of Perth Amboy, East Jersey, party of the first part, for the value of five pounds, conveys to Caleb Hall, Joseph Travis and Palatiah Haws, parties of the second part, a parcel of land lying at a place called Peekskill, being a part of lot No. 8, beginning at the north-east corner of the second parcel of land lately purchased by Joseph Taylor, by the north side of Crumpond road, containing six acres, &c, to have and to hold in trust for a school and burying place, and also for their executors and successors in trust, to the only proper use, benefit and behoof and exercise of the public worship of God ; and that it be for that purpose in the erecting and building of a meeting house or houses for the religious, (under the protection of our most gracious Majesty,) either the Church of England, Presbyterian, Independents, Baptists or Congregational, &c, to erect and build a house for the religious exercise of public worship of God, with a convenient yard thereto, for each or either of the above written denominations, to the n the said Caleb Hall, &c , their heirs and successors, in trust for the neighbourhood and inhabitants round about from generation to generation for ever, and for no other use, purpose or intent whatsoever.

"Andrew Johnson of Perth Amboy, East Jersey, party of the first part, for the value of five pounds, conveys to Caleb Hall, Joseph Travis and Palatiah Haws, parties of the second part, a parcel of land lying at a place called Peekskill, being a part of lot No. 8, beginning at the north-east corner of the second parcel of land lately purchased by Joseph Taylor, by the north side of Crumpond road, containing six acres, &c, to have and to hold in trust for a school and burying place, and also for their executors and successors in trust, to the only proper use, benefit and behoof and exercise of the public worship of God ; and that it be for that purpose in the erecting and building of a meeting house or houses for the religious, (under the protection of our most gracious Majesty,) either the Church of England, Presbyterian, Independents, Baptists or Congregational, &c, to erect and build a house for the religious exercise of public worship of God, with a convenient yard thereto, for each or either of the above written denominations, to the n the said Caleb Hall, &c , their heirs and successors, in trust for the neighbourhood and inhabitants round about from generation to generation for ever, and for no other use, purpose or intent whatsoever. "a

Yet no building appears to have been begun until 1766, when Beverly Robinson, Jeremiah Drake, Caleb Ward, Isaac Hatfield and Charles Moore were appointed trustees (by certain subscribers, both in Cortlandt' s manor and the lower end of Philipse's upper patent, towards the erecting of a church,) for directing and carrying on a building, and for securing it to the inhabitants as a place of public worship, according to the establishment of the Churcli of England. This edifice, which was subsequently dedicated to the service of Almighty God, by the Rev.

Yet no building appears to have been begun until 1766, when Beverly Robinson, Jeremiah Drake, Caleb Ward, Isaac Hatfield and Charles Moore were appointed trustees (by certain subscribers, both in Cortlandt' s manor and the lower end of Philipse's upper patent, towards the erecting of a church,) for directing and carrying on a building, and for securing it to the inhabitants as a place of public worship, according to the establishment of the Churcli of England. This edifice, which was subsequently dedicated to the service of Almighty God, by the Rev. John Ogilvie, D.D., on the 9th of August, 1767, is the present perish church of St. Peter's, which stands upon the summit of a high knoll directly east of the late General Pierre Van Cortlandt's residence.

Upon the 18th of August, 1770, the members of St. Peter's church, in the manor of Cortlandt, and the lower part of Philipse's patent, received (in answer to their petition presented on the 21st of March,) the

a County Roc. Lib. n. 329. The original document was In the possession of the late James Brown of PeekskUl.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

following charter from Governor Colden, erecting them into one body corporate and politic, and confirming them in possession of the above mentioned church, "the ground whereon the same was built, and the cemetery belonging to the same."

ROYAL CHARTER OF ST. PETER'S CHURCH,

"George the Third, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c, to all to whom these presents shall come, greeting: Whereas, our loving subjects, Beverly Robinson, Charles Moore, Jeremiah Drake, Caleb Ward, John Johnson , Joshua Kelson, Thomas Davenport and Henry Purdy, on behalf of themselves and sundry inhabitants on the upper part of the manor of Cortlandt, and the lower part of Pbilipse's patent, in communion of the Church of England as by law established, by their humble petition, presented on the 21st day of March now last past, to our trusty and well beloved Cadwallader Colden, Esq., our Lieutenant-Governor and Commanderin-chief of our Province of New York and the territories depending thereon in America, in Council, did set forth that the petitioners have at a great expense and trouble erected a convenient house for a place of divine worship near Peekskill, to be according to the Church of England as by hw established, and being very desirious of promoting the same, and settling a minister among them, did humbly conceive that if our said Lieutenant-Governor and Commander-in-chief would be pleased to take the matter into consideration, and to grant them a charter with such priviliges, immunities and conditions as our said Lieutenant- Governor and Commander-in-chief should see fit, and that the said Beverly Robinson and Charles Moore may be appointed church-wardens, and the said Jeremiah Drake, Caleb Ward, John Johnson, Joshua Nelson, Thomas Davenport and Henry Purdy, vestrymen, in the charter, by the name of the church- wardens and vestrymen of St.

"George the Third, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c, to all to whom these presents shall come, greeting: Whereas, our loving subjects, Beverly Robinson, Charles Moore, Jeremiah Drake, Caleb Ward, John Johnson , Joshua Kelson, Thomas Davenport and Henry Purdy, on behalf of themselves and sundry inhabitants on the upper part of the manor of Cortlandt, and the lower part of Pbilipse's patent, in communion of the Church of England as by law established, by their humble petition, presented on the 21st day of March now last past, to our trusty and well beloved Cadwallader Colden, Esq., our Lieutenant-Governor and Commanderin-chief of our Province of New York and the territories depending thereon in America, in Council, did set forth that the petitioners have at a great expense and trouble erected a convenient house for a place of divine worship near Peekskill, to be according to the Church of England as by hw established, and being very desirious of promoting the same, and settling a minister among them, did humbly conceive that if our said Lieutenant-Governor and Commander-in-chief would be pleased to take the matter into consideration, and to grant them a charter with such priviliges, immunities and conditions as our said Lieutenant- Governor and Commander-in-chief should see fit, and that the said Beverly Robinson and Charles Moore may be appointed church-wardens, and the said Jeremiah Drake, Caleb Ward, John Johnson, Joshua Nelson, Thomas Davenport and Henry Purdy, vestrymen, in the charter, by the name of the church- wardens and vestrymen of St. Peter's church, in the manor of Cortlandt, near Pcekskill. No one being willing to encourage the pious intentions of our said loving subjects, and to grant this their reasonable request, know ye, that of our especial grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we have ordained, given, granted and declared, and by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, do ordain, give, grant and declare, that the said petitioners and such other person and persons, and their successors for ever, as now are or shall hereafter from time to time be, as well of the Church of England as by law established, as members of the congregation of the said church in the herein above recited petition, called St.

No one being willing to encourage the pious intentions of our said loving subjects, and to grant this their reasonable request, know ye, that of our especial grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, we have ordained, given, granted and declared, and by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, do ordain, give, grant and declare, that the said petitioners and such other person and persons, and their successors for ever, as now are or shall hereafter from time to time be, as well of the Church of England as by law established, as members of the congregation of the said church in the herein above recited petition, called St. Peter's church, in the manor of Cortlandt, near Pcekskill, and also contributors to the support and maintenance of a minister of the Church of England as by law established, to officiate in the said church for the time being, shall, with the rector of the said Church of St. Peter's for the time being, forever hereafter be one body corporate and politic, in deed, fact and name, by the name, style and title of the rector and members of St. Peter's church, in the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill. And them and their successors by the sa ne name, we do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, really and fully make, erect, create and constitute one body politic and corporate in deed, fact and name, for ever, and will give, grant and ordain that thejr and their successors, the rector and members of St. Peter's church, in the manor of Cortlandt, near Peek-

Peter's church, in the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill. And them and their successors by the sa ne name, we do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, really and fully make, erect, create and constitute one body politic and corporate in deed, fact and name, for ever, and will give, grant and ordain that thejr and their successors, the rector and members of St. Peter's church, in the manor of Cortlandt, near Peek-

* THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT. I 2 I

skill, by the same name shall aud may have perpetual succession, and shall and may be capable in law to sue and be sued, impleade and be impleaded, answer aud be answered unto, defend and be defended in all courts and elsewhere in all manner of actions, suits, complaints, pleas, causes, matters and demands 'whatsoever, as fully and amply as any our liege subjects of our said province of New York may or can sue or be sued, impleade or be impleaded, defend or be defended, by any lawful ways or means whatsoever; and that they aud their successors by the same name shall be forever hereafter capable and able in the law to purchase, take, hold, receive and enjoyany messuages, tenements, houses and real estate whatsoever in fee sin pie, for tirm of life or lives, or in any other maimer howsoever for the use of the said church; and also any goods, chattels, or personal estate whatsoever, provided always that the clear yearly value of the said real estate (exclusive of the said churc h and the ground whereon the same is built aud the cemetery belonging to the same) doth not at any time exceed the sum of one thousand pounds current money of our said Province ; and that they and their successors, by the same name, shall have full power and authority to give, grant, sell, lease and dispose of the same real estate for life or lives, or years, or forever, under certain yearly rents, and all goods, chattels and personal estate whatsoever at their will and pleasure.

skill, by the same name shall aud may have perpetual succession, and shall and may be capable in law to sue and be sued, impleade and be impleaded, answer aud be answered unto, defend and be defended in all courts and elsewhere in all manner of actions, suits, complaints, pleas, causes, matters and demands 'whatsoever, as fully and amply as any our liege subjects of our said province of New York may or can sue or be sued, impleade or be impleaded, defend or be defended, by any lawful ways or means whatsoever; and that they aud their successors by the same name shall be forever hereafter capable and able in the law to purchase, take, hold, receive and enjoyany messuages, tenements, houses and real estate whatsoever in fee sin pie, for tirm of life or lives, or in any other maimer howsoever for the use of the said church; and also any goods, chattels, or personal estate whatsoever, provided always that the clear yearly value of the said real estate (exclusive of the said churc h and the ground whereon the same is built aud the cemetery belonging to the same) doth not at any time exceed the sum of one thousand pounds current money of our said Province ; and that they and their successors, by the same name, shall have full power and authority to give, grant, sell, lease and dispose of the same real estate for life or lives, or years, or forever, under certain yearly rents, and all goods, chattels and personal estate whatsoever at their will and pleasure. And that it shall and may be lawful for them and their successors to have and use a common seal. And our will and pleasure further is, and we do hereby for us, our heirs and successors, ordain and appoint that there shall be forever hereafter belonging to the said church, one rector of the Church of England as by law established, duly qualified for the cure of souls, two churchwardens and six vestrymen, who shall conduct and manage the affairs and business of the said church and corporation in manner as hereafter is declared and appointed ; and for the more immediate carrying into execution our royal will and pleasure herein, we do hereby assign, constitute and appoint Beverly Robinson and Charles Moore to be the present church-wardens, and Jeremiah Drake, Caleb Ward, John Johnson, Joshua Nelson, Thomas Davenport and Henry Purdy to be the present vestrymen of the said church, who shall hold, possess and enjoy their said respective offices until Tuesday in Easter week now next ensuing ; and for the keeping up the succession in the said offices, our royal will and pleasure is, and we do hereby establish, direct and require, that on the said Tuesday in Easter week, now next ensuing, and yearly and every year thereafter for ever, on Tuesday, in Easter week, in every year, the rector and members of St.

And our will and pleasure further is, and we do hereby for us, our heirs and successors, ordain and appoint that there shall be forever hereafter belonging to the said church, one rector of the Church of England as by law established, duly qualified for the cure of souls, two churchwardens and six vestrymen, who shall conduct and manage the affairs and business of the said church and corporation in manner as hereafter is declared and appointed ; and for the more immediate carrying into execution our royal will and pleasure herein, we do hereby assign, constitute and appoint Beverly Robinson and Charles Moore to be the present church-wardens, and Jeremiah Drake, Caleb Ward, John Johnson, Joshua Nelson, Thomas Davenport and Henry Purdy to be the present vestrymen of the said church, who shall hold, possess and enjoy their said respective offices until Tuesday in Easter week now next ensuing ; and for the keeping up the succession in the said offices, our royal will and pleasure is, and we do hereby establish, direct and require, that on the said Tuesday in Easter week, now next ensuing, and yearly and every year thereafter for ever, on Tuesday, in Easter week, in every year, the rector and members of St. Peter's church, in the manner of Cortlandt. near Peekskill, shall meet at the said church, and there by the majority of voices of such of them as shall so meet, elect aud choose two of their members to be church-wardens, and six others of their members to be vestrymen of the said church for the ensuing year, which said church-wardens and vestrymen so elected and chosen shall enter upon their respective offices and hold, exercise aud enjoy the same respectively from the time of such elections, for and during the space of one year, and until other fit persons shall be elected and chosen in their respective places ; and in case the church -wardens or vestrymen, or either of them, by these presents named aud appointed, or who shall be hereafter elected or chosen by virtue of these presents, shall die before the time of their respective appointed services shall be expired, or refuse or neglect to act in the office for which he or they is or are herein nominated aud appointed, or whereunto he

Peter's church, in the manner of Cortlandt. near Peekskill, shall meet at the said church, and there by the majority of voices of such of them as shall so meet, elect aud choose two of their members to be church-wardens, and six others of their members to be vestrymen of the said church for the ensuing year, which said church-wardens and vestrymen so elected and chosen shall enter upon their respective offices and hold, exercise aud enjoy the same respectively from the time of such elections, for and during the space of one year, and until other fit persons shall be elected and chosen in their respective places ; and in case the church -wardens or vestrymen, or either of them, by these presents named aud appointed, or who shall be hereafter elected or chosen by virtue of these presents, shall die before the time of their respective appointed services shall be expired, or refuse or neglect to act in the office for which he or they is or are herein nominated aud appointed, or whereunto he

122 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

or they shall or may be so elected and chosen, then our royal 'will and pleasure is. and we do hereby direct, ordain and require the rector and members of St. Peter's church, in the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, for the time being do meet at the said church, and choose other or others of their members, in the place and stead of him or them so dying, or neglecting or refusing to act within thirty days next after such contingency. And in this case for the more due and orderly conducting the said elections, and to prevent any undue proceediugs therein, we do hereby give full power and authority to ordain and require that the rector and the said church-wardens of the said church, for the time being, or any two of them, shall appoint the time for such election and elections, and that the rector of said church, or in his absence, one of the said church-wardens for the time being, shall give public notice thereof by publishing the same at the said church immediately after divine service, on the Sunday next prcceeding the day appointed for such elections : hereby giving and granting that such person or persons as shall be so chosen from time to time by the rector and members of St.

And in this case for the more due and orderly conducting the said elections, and to prevent any undue proceediugs therein, we do hereby give full power and authority to ordain and require that the rector and the said church-wardens of the said church, for the time being, or any two of them, shall appoint the time for such election and elections, and that the rector of said church, or in his absence, one of the said church-wardens for the time being, shall give public notice thereof by publishing the same at the said church immediately after divine service, on the Sunday next prcceeding the day appointed for such elections : hereby giving and granting that such person or persons as shall be so chosen from time to time by the rector and members of St. Peter's church, in the manor of C'ourtlandt, near Peekskill, or the majority of such of them as shall in such case meet in manner hereby directed, shall have, hold, exercise and enjoy such, the office or offices to which he or they shall be elected and choosen, from the time of such elections until the Tuesday in Easter week thereon next ensuing, and until other or others be lawfully chosen in his or their place and stead, as fully and amply as the person or persons iu whose place he or they shall be chosen, might or could have done by virtue of these presents. Aud.we do hereby will and direct that this method shall forever hereafter be used for the rilling up all vacancies that shall happen in either the said offices between the annual elections above directed. And our royal will and pleasure further is, and we do hereby for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant, that as well the church-wardens and vestrymen to these presents nominated and appointed as such, as shall from time to time be hereafter elected and chosen as is herein directed, shall have and they are hereby invested with full power and authority to execute their several and respective offices in as full and ample manner as any church-wardens or vestrymen in that part of our kingdom of Great Britain called England, or in this our province of New York can or lawfully may execute tlxeir said respective offices.

And our royal will and pleasure further is, and we do hereby for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant, that as well the church-wardens and vestrymen to these presents nominated and appointed as such, as shall from time to time be hereafter elected and chosen as is herein directed, shall have and they are hereby invested with full power and authority to execute their several and respective offices in as full and ample manner as any church-wardens or vestrymen in that part of our kingdom of Great Britain called England, or in this our province of New York can or lawfully may execute tlxeir said respective offices. Ar.d further our royal will and pleasure is, and we do, by these presents, for us, our heirs and success aa, give, grant, ordain and appoint, that the rector and the said churchwardens of the said church for the time being, or any two of them, shall and may from time to time, as occasion may require, summon and call together at such day and place as they shall think proper, the said rector, churchwardens and vestrymen for the time being, to meet in vestry, giving them at least one day's notice thereof : and we do hereby require them to meet accordingly. And we do hereby give, grant, and ordain that the said rector and one of the said church-wardens, for the time being at least, together with the majority of the said vestrymen of the said church for the time being, being met in vestry as above directed, shall ferever hereafter have, and they are hereby invested with full power and authority by the majority of their voices, to do and execute in the name of the rector and members of St. Peter's church, in the manor of Cortlandt. near Peekskill, all and singular the powers and authorities herein before given and granted to the said rector and members of St.

And we do hereby give, grant, and ordain that the said rector and one of the said church-wardens, for the time being at least, together with the majority of the said vestrymen of the said church for the time being, being met in vestry as above directed, shall ferever hereafter have, and they are hereby invested with full power and authority by the majority of their voices, to do and execute in the name of the rector and members of St. Peter's church, in the manor of Cortlandt. near Peekskill, all and singular the powers and authorities herein before given and granted to the said rector and members of St. Peter's church, in the mauor of Cortlandt,

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

near Peek skill, any wise touching or relating to such lands, messuages and tenements, real and personal estate whatsoever, as they the said rector and members of said church in the manor of Courtlandt, near Peekskill, shall or may acquire for the use of the said church, and also in like manner to order, direct, ina age and transact the general interest, business and affairs of our said corporation, and also shall have full power and authority in like manner to make and ordain such rules, orders and ordinances as they shall judge convenient for the good government and discipline of the members of the said church : provided, such rules, orders and ordinances be not repugnant to the laws of that part of our kingdom of Great Britain called England, or of this our province of New York, but as or may be agreeable thereto, and that the same be fairly entered in a book or books to be kept for that purpose, and also in like manner to appoint the form of the common seal herein before granted, and the same to alter, break, and remake at their discretion, and also in like manner to appoint such office or officers as they shall stand in need of, always provided that the rector of the said church for the time being, shall have the sole power of nominating and appointing the clcTk to assist him in performing divine service, as also the sexton ; anything herein before contained to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding, which clerk and sexton shall hold and enjoy their respective offices during the will and pleasure of the rector of the said church for the time being.

near Peek skill, any wise touching or relating to such lands, messuages and tenements, real and personal estate whatsoever, as they the said rector and members of said church in the manor of Courtlandt, near Peekskill, shall or may acquire for the use of the said church, and also in like manner to order, direct, ina age and transact the general interest, business and affairs of our said corporation, and also shall have full power and authority in like manner to make and ordain such rules, orders and ordinances as they shall judge convenient for the good government and discipline of the members of the said church : provided, such rules, orders and ordinances be not repugnant to the laws of that part of our kingdom of Great Britain called England, or of this our province of New York, but as or may be agreeable thereto, and that the same be fairly entered in a book or books to be kept for that purpose, and also in like manner to appoint the form of the common seal herein before granted, and the same to alter, break, and remake at their discretion, and also in like manner to appoint such office or officers as they shall stand in need of, always provided that the rector of the said church for the time being, shall have the sole power of nominating and appointing the clcTk to assist him in performing divine service, as also the sexton ; anything herein before contained to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding, which clerk and sexton shall hold and enjoy their respective offices during the will and pleasure of the rector of the said church for the time being. And whereas there hath not yet been any minister presented or inducted to the said church, our royal will and pleasure therefore is, that until the said church shall be supplied with a minister of the Church of England, as by law established, as is herein after mentioned, and also in case of every avoidance of the said church thereafter, either by the death of the rector thereof or otherwise, that the powers and authorities vested in the rector, church-wardens and vestrymen in vestry met as above mentioned, shall, until the said church be legally supplied with another incumbent, vest in and be executed by the church-wardens of the said church for the time being, together with the vestrymen of St.

And whereas there hath not yet been any minister presented or inducted to the said church, our royal will and pleasure therefore is, that until the said church shall be supplied with a minister of the Church of England, as by law established, as is herein after mentioned, and also in case of every avoidance of the said church thereafter, either by the death of the rector thereof or otherwise, that the powers and authorities vested in the rector, church-wardens and vestrymen in vestry met as above mentioned, shall, until the said church be legally supplied with another incumbent, vest in and be executed by the church-wardens of the said church for the time being, together with the vestrymen of St. Peter's church, in the manor of Cortlaudt, near Peekskill ; provided always, the coucurrance and consent of the major number of the whole vestrymen of the said church for the time being be had in every thing that shall in such cases be done by virtue hereof. And we do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant that the patronage and advowson of the said church, and the right of presentation thereto, shall forever thereafter belong to and appertain, and is hereby vested in the church-wardens and vestrymen of the said church for the time being, or the majority of them forever, whereof one church- warden shall always be one. And further we do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the rector and members of St. Peter's church, iu the manor of Cortlaudt, near Peekskill, and their successors forever, that this our preseut grant shall be deemed, adjudged and construed in all cases most favorably, and for the best benefit and advantage of the said rector and members of St.

And we do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant that the patronage and advowson of the said church, and the right of presentation thereto, shall forever thereafter belong to and appertain, and is hereby vested in the church-wardens and vestrymen of the said church for the time being, or the majority of them forever, whereof one church- warden shall always be one. And further we do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, give and grant unto the rector and members of St. Peter's church, iu the manor of Cortlaudt, near Peekskill, and their successors forever, that this our preseut grant shall be deemed, adjudged and construed in all cases most favorably, and for the best benefit and advantage of the said rector and members of St. Peter's church, in the manor of Cortlaudt, near Peekskill, and that this our present grant being entered on record, as is hereinafter particularly expressed, shall be good and effectual in the law to all intents, constructions and purposes whatsoever, against us, our heirs and successors, according to the true intent and meaning herein before declared, notwithstanding the not reciting, or mis-recital, not naming, or mis-naming of any the aforesaid franchises, privileges, immunities, offices, or

124 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

other the premises, or auy of them ; and although no writ of ad quod damnum or other writs, inquisitors or penalties hath or have been, upon this account, had, made, issued, or prosecuted. To Lave and to hold, all and singular, the privileges, liberties, advantages and immunities hereby granted or meant, mentioned or intended so to be, unto them the said rector and members of St. Peter's church, in the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, and to their successors forever. In testimony whereof we have caused these our letters to be made patent, and the great seal of our said province to be hereunto affixed, and the same to be entered on record iu our Secretary's office in our city of New York, in one of the books of patents there remaining.

To Lave and to hold, all and singular, the privileges, liberties, advantages and immunities hereby granted or meant, mentioned or intended so to be, unto them the said rector and members of St. Peter's church, in the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, and to their successors forever. In testimony whereof we have caused these our letters to be made patent, and the great seal of our said province to be hereunto affixed, and the same to be entered on record iu our Secretary's office in our city of New York, in one of the books of patents there remaining. Witness our said trusty and well beloved Cadwallader Coldeu, Esq., our said Lieutenant Governor, and Commander-in- Chief of our said province of New York, and the territories depending thereon in America, at our fort in our city of New York, by and with the advice and consent of our Council for our said province, the 18th day of August in the year of our Lord, 1770, and of our reign the 10th"<*

The following minutes relates to the first vestry meeting held under the charter: -- September ist, 1770, at a meeting of the church-wardens and Vestry of St. Peter's church, in the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill ; present, Mr. Robinson and Mr. Charles Moore, wardens ; M. J. Johnson, Mr. Caleb Ward, Mr. J. Nelson and Mr. Jeremiah Drake, vestrymen. The charter being read, they proceeded to choose Mr. John Johnson, clerk for the present year. Resolved, to sett a subscription on foot in favor of Mr. John Doty, and endeavour to settle him as our minister. Also, resolved, that although the subscription mentions to be paid yearly, yet all those who shall subscribe to ye support of a minister, upon their moving out of a place, shall be discharged from their subscription, &c."6

Jeremiah Drake, vestrymen. The charter being read, they proceeded to choose Mr. John Johnson, clerk for the present year. Resolved, to sett a subscription on foot in favor of Mr. John Doty, and endeavour to settle him as our minister. Also, resolved, that although the subscription mentions to be paid yearly, yet all those who shall subscribe to ye support of a minister, upon their moving out of a place, shall be discharged from their subscription, &c."6

At a meeting held 15th of October, 1770, it was "agreed to give Mr. John Doty a call as rector of this church, when he is properly ordained. The vestry also preferred a petition to the Society for the propagation of the Gospel in Foreign parts, for recommending Mr. Doty, and praying their assistance for his maintenance. They likewise addressed a letter to the Rev. Dr. Barton, Secretary of that body, giving an account of the state of the church, and on the same day entered into a bond to the Rev. Samuel Auchmuty, D.D., for the payment of ^40 New York currency towards the minister's support."0 The following copies^of the letter and petition are from the MSS. of the Ven. Society: --

a Book of Patents, Secretary of State's office, Albany. 6 Vestry book of St. Peter's church, Peekskill, pp. L % c Ditto, pp. 2, 3.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

THE CHURCH WARDENS AND VESTRY OF ST. PETER'S CHURCH TO THE SECRETARY.

" Peekskill, in the Province of New York, in America,

Samuel Auchmuty, D.D., for the payment of ^40 New York currency towards the minister's support."0 The following copies^of the letter and petition are from the MSS. of the Ven. Society: --

a Book of Patents, Secretary of State's office, Albany. 6 Vestry book of St. Peter's church, Peekskill, pp. L % c Ditto, pp. 2, 3.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

THE CHURCH WARDENS AND VESTRY OF ST. PETER'S CHURCH TO THE SECRETARY.

" Peekskill, in the Province of New York, in America,

Oct. i$th, 1770.

Rev. Sir:

Permit us, as wardens and vestrymen for St. Peter's church, to address you, and acquaint you with the steps we have taken for settling a church, according to the established Church of England, and to solicit your assistance and interest with the Venerable Society, that we may be so happy as to be patronized by them, and obtain their charitable assistance towards maintaining a minister.

It is about four years since a few of us first attempted to begin the building of a church in the Manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, in the county of Westchester ; and on the 9th day of August, 1767, had got it so far finished, as to get the favor of the worthy and Rev. Dr. Ogilvie of New York, to open and consecrate it, which he did, calling it St. Peter's church; and have since (tho* not yet completely finished) made it a decent and a comfortable building for performing divine worship in. The next step we took, to enable us further to prosecute our design, was to apply to his honor, Lieut. Governor Colden for a charter, which he was pleased to grant us. Being so far advanced in our undertaking, Mr. John Doty, a gentleman educated at King's College in New York, offered himself as a candidate for our church, and has performed divine service for us most part of last summer; and has given such general satisfaction, that we have unanimously agreed to give him a call as soon as he is properly ordained, and authorized to peiform the office of a minister.

Governor Colden for a charter, which he was pleased to grant us. Being so far advanced in our undertaking, Mr. John Doty, a gentleman educated at King's College in New York, offered himself as a candidate for our church, and has performed divine service for us most part of last summer; and has given such general satisfaction, that we have unanimously agreed to give him a call as soon as he is properly ordained, and authorized to peiform the office of a minister. And as we are well acquainted with his moral life and conversation, we beg leave to recommend him to the Venerable Society as a person worthy of that sacred function, and don't doubt but he will have ample testimonials from the worthy clergy of New York, of his education and abilities. We send by Mr. Doty, our petition to the Venerable Society, a copy of our charter and of our subscription paper for his maintenance, which amounts to j£6i, 15s. New York currency, annually; but as many of the subscribers are very poor, and some of them we apprehend will be necessarily obliged to leave the neighborhood, we fear it will be difficult to collect some of the subscriptions; but that Mr. Doty may be certain of receiving something, we have given our bond to the Rev. Dr. Auchmuty as trustees for the Society, obliging us to pay annually to Mr. Doty the sum of ^40 currency during his continuance amongst us, as our minister, and if the whole subscriptions are received it is all to be paid to him. The church is in a very thickly settled country, (tho' no kind of public worship is established in the neighborhood) yet at present there are but very few that profess to be of the Church of England, which makes it fall very heavy upon those few, so heavy, that we could not have gone thro' with our undertaking but by entering into an agreement with the people on the lower end of Philipse's upper patent, in the county of Dutchess, that if they would join in the building of St.

The church is in a very thickly settled country, (tho' no kind of public worship is established in the neighborhood) yet at present there are but very few that profess to be of the Church of England, which makes it fall very heavy upon those few, so heavy, that we could not have gone thro' with our undertaking but by entering into an agreement with the people on the lower end of Philipse's upper patent, in the county of Dutchess, that if they would join in the building of St. Peter's church, and in the subscription for the support of a minister,

1 26

HISTORY OF THN COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

that when we obtained a missionary he should be settled for both places, so as to make but one congregation of the whole (we wish we could say parish for the number) to preach every other Sunday at the house of Jacob Mandeville, till such time as we could build a church in that neighborhood,- so that we humbly request, if we are so happy as to gain the Venerable Society's assistance and protection, that Mr. Doty may be settled by them as their missionary for both the above mentioned places. The churches will not be more than eight miles asunder. It would give us great pleasure if we could inform the Venerable Society of our having a glebe and parsonage house provided, but that we are sorry to say is not yet accomplished. The people that make up our congregation are so very poor, that we have been discouraged from attempting to purchase a piece of land for that use. But we can nevertheless assure the Venerable Society, that from the gracious offer of Mr. Beverly Robinson, we have not the least doubt of having a very good glebe provided within the year.

It would give us great pleasure if we could inform the Venerable Society of our having a glebe and parsonage house provided, but that we are sorry to say is not yet accomplished. The people that make up our congregation are so very poor, that we have been discouraged from attempting to purchase a piece of land for that use. But we can nevertheless assure the Venerable Society, that from the gracious offer of Mr. Beverly Robinson, we have not the least doubt of having a very good glebe provided within the year. For a more particular account of the manner in which we expect to obtain the glebe, we must beg leave to refer you to Mr. Doty, who is well acquainted with every circumstance relating thereto.

We are with the greatest esteem and respect, Rev. Sir, your most obedient humble servants, Beverly Robinson, ,

For themselves and the rest of the vestry of St. Peter's church."a

TO THE VENERABLE SOCIETY FOR THE PROPAGATION OF THE GOSPEL IN FOREIGN PARTS. THE PETITION OF THE WAR- DENS AND VESTRY OF ST. PETER'S CHURCH, IN THE MANOR OF CORTLANDT, NEAR PEEKSKILL, IN THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER AND PROVINCE OF NEW YORK IN AMERICA.

Humbly Sheweth,

" That your petitioners, in conjunction with the rest of the people who from the congregations of the churches aforesaid, having for some time labored under the lamentable circumstance of not enjoying an opportunity of publickly worshiping God in the decent and solemn order of the established Church of England, whose evangelical doctrine and discipline they profess and admire; and being convinced of how great utility such a sacred establishment would be, the county being thickly inhabited and almost entirely destitute of every kind of public worship, towards promoting the salvation of many souls and the prosperity of the Church of Christ, have (tho' at present but few in number.) been at the expense of building a neat and convenient church, for which they have received a charter from his Honour Lieut.

" That your petitioners, in conjunction with the rest of the people who from the congregations of the churches aforesaid, having for some time labored under the lamentable circumstance of not enjoying an opportunity of publickly worshiping God in the decent and solemn order of the established Church of England, whose evangelical doctrine and discipline they profess and admire; and being convinced of how great utility such a sacred establishment would be, the county being thickly inhabited and almost entirely destitute of every kind of public worship, towards promoting the salvation of many souls and the prosperity of the Church of Christ, have (tho' at present but few in number.) been at the expense of building a neat and convenient church, for which they have received a charter from his Honour Lieut. Governor Colden. That being well satisfied of the character and abilities of Mr. John Doty, a gentleman educated at King's College, they have unanimously given him a call and agreed, when he shall be properly ordained by his Lordship the Bishop of London, or any other English Bishop appointed for that purpose, to receive him as their minister for the said St. Peter's

a New York, MSS. from archives at Fulham, vol. li, pp. 524-6. (nawfcs.)

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

church, and also for the neighborhood of Jacob Mandeville, in the lower end of Philipse's patent, in Dutchess county, where it is intended to build another church to be united as one congregation, and that they have cheerfully subscribed to the amount of j£(n 15s. New York, currency, towards supporting him as such. But sensible that" such a sum is not sufficient for that purpose, and being well assured of the benevolence and generosity of the Venerable Society, whose readiness upon all occasions, as far as possible to favor attempts of this nature has ever been deservedly admired, they take the liberty humbly to pray that they will appoint Mr.

church, and also for the neighborhood of Jacob Mandeville, in the lower end of Philipse's patent, in Dutchess county, where it is intended to build another church to be united as one congregation, and that they have cheerfully subscribed to the amount of j£(n 15s. New York, currency, towards supporting him as such. But sensible that" such a sum is not sufficient for that purpose, and being well assured of the benevolence and generosity of the Venerable Society, whose readiness upon all occasions, as far as possible to favor attempts of this nature has ever been deservedly admired, they take the liberty humbly to pray that they will appoint Mr. Doty their missionary to the aforesaid places, and to grant him such part of their bounty as they shall think proper.

Your petitioners humbly beg leave to recommend to your favorable notice the infant state of St. Peter's church, and to assure you that we shall ever esteem it a singular honor and happiness to be in any degree patronized by the Society. May heaven ever smile upon and bless your laudible endeavors to promote the glory of God; and at the great day of accounts crown all your faithful labors here with everlasting happiness.

Scaled by order of the Vestry, this 15th day of Oct., 1770.

John Johnson, Clerk.""

The Rev. John Doty, A.M., the first rector of this parish, was the son of Joseph Doty of New York, where he was borncirc. 1750. 6 In 1768 he was entered at Kings College, where he was admitted B. A. pro forma in 1770. During the Summer of that year he officiated in this parish as a lay reader, and in the fall went to England for holy orders. His license from the Bishop of London, to officiate in this Province, bears date Tuesday, the 1st of January, 1771.

John Doty, A.M., the first rector of this parish, was the son of Joseph Doty of New York, where he was borncirc. 1750. 6 In 1768 he was entered at Kings College, where he was admitted B. A. pro forma in 1770. During the Summer of that year he officiated in this parish as a lay reader, and in the fall went to England for holy orders. His license from the Bishop of London, to officiate in this Province, bears date Tuesday, the 1st of January, 1771. Soon after his return he accepted the call of the vestry, and was thereupon inducted, as appears from the following documents: -- "On the 8th of June, 177 1, it was unanimously agreed by the wardens and vestry, that the Rev. John Doty be presented to the rectory of St. Peter's church, in the Manor of Cortlandt, near PeekskilL, and ordered that the wardens do deliver him the key of the said church and give him possession according to law." Agreeable to the above resolution the church wardens did on the same day deliver the key to the said Rev. John Doty, and possession of the said church.

a New York, MSS. from archives at Fnlham, vol. 11, pp. 526-T. (ITawKs.)

6 Joseph Doty was a member of the ancient family of the Doughty's or Donteys of Esher, Surrey and Boston, Lincolnshire, England. There was a Samuel Doty graduated at Vale College in 1733. The arms of this family are :-- ar, two bars, between three mullets of six points sa. pierced or. " The Rev Samuel Doghty, rector of Sibleston, was a younger brother of the polite and ]>olitic Mr. Thomas Doughty of Midburn who conformed, and probably the son of ilr. Samuel Doughty rector of BringUurst." Nonconformist memorial, voL ll, p. 401.

6 Joseph Doty was a member of the ancient family of the Doughty's or Donteys of Esher, Surrey and Boston, Lincolnshire, England. There was a Samuel Doty graduated at Vale College in 1733. The arms of this family are :-- ar, two bars, between three mullets of six points sa. pierced or. " The Rev Samuel Doghty, rector of Sibleston, was a younger brother of the polite and ]>olitic Mr. Thomas Doughty of Midburn who conformed, and probably the son of ilr. Samuel Doughty rector of BringUurst." Nonconformist memorial, voL ll, p. 401.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

GOVERNOR TRYON'S ADMISSION OF MR. DOTY TO THE RECTORY OF ST. PETER'S CHURCH, PEEKSKILL. .

"I, William Tryon, Esq. Captain General and Governor-in-Chief in and over the Province of New York and the Territories thereon depending in America, Chancellor and Vice Admiral of the same, do admit you, John Doty, Clerk, to be Rector of this parish, and parish church of St. Peter's, in the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, in the County of Westchester, in the said Province, with all their rights, members and appurtenances. Given under my hand and the prerogative seal of the Province of New York, the 16th day of July, in the year of our Lord 1771. William Tuyon."

LETTERS OF INSTITUTION BY GOVERNOR TRYON TO MR. JOHN

DOTY, CLERK.

"I, William Tryon, Esq. Captain General and Governor-in-Chief in and over the Province of New York and the Territories depending thereon in America, Chancellor and Vice Admiral of the same, Do institute you John Doty, Clerk, to be Rector of the parish of St. Peter's, in the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, in ye County of Westchester in the said Province, to the care of the souls of the parisliioners of ye said parish and take your cure and mine.

Captain General and Governor-in-Chief in and over the Province of New York and the Territories depending thereon in America, Chancellor and Vice Admiral of the same, Do institute you John Doty, Clerk, to be Rector of the parish of St. Peter's, in the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, in ye County of Westchester in the said Province, to the care of the souls of the parisliioners of ye said parish and take your cure and mine. Given under my hand and the Provincial seal of the Province of New Yoik, this 16th day of July, in the year of our Lord, 1771. William Tkyon."

" Upon which Mr. John Doty, having first produced a certificate to this board of his having, in the presence of several witnesses, declared his unfeigned assent and consent to the XXXIX Articles of Religion agreed upon by the Archbishops and Bishops in the Convention, holdeu at London, A. D. 1562, a d having prefixed thereto His Majesties Royal Declaration, after which he was by virtue of certain letters mandatory, under the Prerogative seal, in due manner inducted into the real, actual and corporeal possession of the Rectory and parish church of St. Peter's afforesaid, which letters mandatory, are in the following words, viz :

MANDATE FROM GOVERNOR TRYON TO INDUCT MR. JOHN DOTY INTO THE RECTORY OF ST. PETER'S CHURCH.

" His Excellency William Tryon, Esq. Captain General ami Governor-in-Chief in and over the Province of New York and the Territories depending thereon in America, Chancellor and Vice Admiral of the same, To all and singular, Rectors and Parish Ministers whatsoever in the Province of New York, or to the churchwardens and vestrymen of the Parish of St. Peter's in the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, in the County of Westchester in the said Province, and to' each and every of you, greeting : Whereas, I have admitted our beloved in Christ, John Doty, Clerk, to the Rectory of the parish and parish church of St.

Captain General ami Governor-in-Chief in and over the Province of New York and the Territories depending thereon in America, Chancellor and Vice Admiral of the same, To all and singular, Rectors and Parish Ministers whatsoever in the Province of New York, or to the churchwardens and vestrymen of the Parish of St. Peter's in the manor of Cortlandt, near Peekskill, in the County of Westchester in the said Province, and to' each and every of you, greeting : Whereas, I have admitted our beloved in Christ, John Doty, Clerk, to the Rectory of the parish and parish church of St. Peter's in the manor of Courtlandt, near Peekskill, in the county of Westchester, within this Government, to which the said John Doty was presented by the churchwardens and vestrymen of the said parish, the true and undoubted patrons of the said parish, vacant, as never having before been supplied by any incumbent ; and him the said John Doty, I have instituted into the Rectory of the said parish

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

and parish church, with all their rights, members and appurtenances, (observing the laws and caunous of right iu that behalf required, and to be observed :) To you therefore, jointly and severally, I do commit, and firmly enjoining do command, each and every of you, that in due manner, biin the said John Doty, Clerk, or his lawful proctor in his name, or for him, into the real actual and corporeal possession of the said Rectory, parish and parish church of St. Peter's, and of all the right3 and appurtenances whatever to the same belonging, you induct or cause to be inducted; and him so inducted, you do defend; and of what you shall have done in the premises thereof, you do duly certify unto me or other competent judges in that behalf, when thereunto you shall be duly required.

and parish church, with all their rights, members and appurtenances, (observing the laws and caunous of right iu that behalf required, and to be observed :) To you therefore, jointly and severally, I do commit, and firmly enjoining do command, each and every of you, that in due manner, biin the said John Doty, Clerk, or his lawful proctor in his name, or for him, into the real actual and corporeal possession of the said Rectory, parish and parish church of St. Peter's, and of all the right3 and appurtenances whatever to the same belonging, you induct or cause to be inducted; and him so inducted, you do defend; and of what you shall have done in the premises thereof, you do duly certify unto me or other competent judges in that behalf, when thereunto you shall be duly required. Given under my hand and the Prerogative seal of the Province of New York, the 16th day of July, 1771. a William Tyron."

During this year Governor Tryon also granted a special charter, in virtue whereof the vestry held a certain glebebof two hundred acres of land given by Colonel Beverly Robinson, senior warden of this parish, for the use of the Rector officiating one half of his time at St. Philipse's in the Highlands. This property was subsequently sold, as we shall have occasion to show, under an order of the Court of Chancery in 1S38, and equally divided between the two churches. Out of these funds (aided by a liberal donation from Trinity Church, New York, amounting to $1,000,) the present chapel was erected in the village of Peekskill.

During this year Governor Tryon also granted a special charter, in virtue whereof the vestry held a certain glebebof two hundred acres of land given by Colonel Beverly Robinson, senior warden of this parish, for the use of the Rector officiating one half of his time at St. Philipse's in the Highlands. This property was subsequently sold, as we shall have occasion to show, under an order of the Court of Chancery in 1S38, and equally divided between the two churches. Out of these funds (aided by a liberal donation from Trinity Church, New York, amounting to $1,000,) the present chapel was erected in the village of Peekskill.

Beverly Robinson, Esq., the noble benefactor of this parish, was a son of the Hon. John Robinson of Virginia, who was president of that Colony on the retirement of Governor Gooch, in 1734. He emigrated to New York, and married Susannah, daughter of Frederick Philipse, Esq., Lord of the manor of Philipsburgh. By this connection, Mr. Robinson became rich. When the Revolutionary controversy commenced, he was living upon that portion of the Philipse estate which had been given to his wife, and there he desired to remain in the quiet enjoyment of country life, and in the management of this large domain That such was his inclination, is asserted by the late President Dwight, and is fully confirmed by circumstances and by his descendants. He was opposed to the Measures of the ministry, gave up the use of imported merchandise, and clothed himself and his family in fabrics of domestic manufacture. But he was also opposed to the separation of the Colonies from the mother country. Still, he wished to take no part in the conflict of arms ; but importunity of friends overruled his own judgement, and he entered the military sendee of the crown.

When the Revolutionary controversy commenced, he was living upon that portion of the Philipse estate which had been given to his wife, and there he desired to remain in the quiet enjoyment of country life, and in the management of this large domain That such was his inclination, is asserted by the late President Dwight, and is fully confirmed by circumstances and by his descendants. He was opposed to the Measures of the ministry, gave up the use of imported merchandise, and clothed himself and his family in fabrics of domestic manufacture. But he was also opposed to the separation of the Colonies from the mother country. Still, he wished to take no part in the conflict of arms ; but importunity of friends overruled his own judgement, and he entered the military sendee of the crown. His standing entitled him to high rank. Of the loyal American regiment, raised principally in New York by himself, he was accordingly commissioned the colonel. He alii Vea try book.

b The old cbarch glebe U now tbe property of Mr. David McCoy.

I3°

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

•so commanded the corps called the ' Guides ' and ' Pioneers.' Of the former or the loyal Americans, his son Beverly was Lieutenant-Colonel, and Thomas Barclay, Major. . Besides his active duty in the field. Colonel Robinson was employed to conduct several matters of consequence, and he figures conspicuously in cases of defection from the Whig cause.

Colonel Robinson at the peace, with a part of his family, went to England. The name appears as a member of the first Council of New Brunswick, but he never took his seat at that board. His wife is included in the confiscation act of New York, and the whole estate derived from her father passed from the family.

Colonel Robinson was employed to conduct several matters of consequence, and he figures conspicuously in cases of defection from the Whig cause.

Colonel Robinson at the peace, with a part of his family, went to England. The name appears as a member of the first Council of New Brunswick, but he never took his seat at that board. His wife is included in the confiscation act of New York, and the whole estate derived from her father passed from the family. The value of her interest may be estimated from the fact, that the British Government granted her husband the sum of ^17,000 sterling, which, though equal to eighty thousand dollars, was considered only a partial compensation. After going to England, Colonel Robinson lived in retirement. He was unhappy, and did not conceal the sufferings which preyed on his spirits. He resided at Thornbury, near Bath, and there closed his days in 1792, at the age of 69. His sons were, Col, Beverly Robinson of the British army, (who died in i8t6, at New York while on a visit to his two sons, Beverly and Morris, who still continue to reside in that city), Col. Moms Robinson of the British army, and Col. John Robinson, speaker of the House of Assembly in New Brunswick.*

a Sabere's Hist, of the Loyalist.

Col. Beverly Roblnsou.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT. 131

We return to the history of the parish. Upon the 23d of March, 1772, it was resolved by the vestry: -- "To go and build Mr. Doty a house -- also to agree with Jercdiah Frost to get the timber, draw the same, (viz : the boards and other materials which he may want for the said house) to do all the carpenter's and joiner's work, and paint and glaze the same for seventy-five pounds."

We return to the history of the parish. Upon the 23d of March, 1772, it was resolved by the vestry: -- "To go and build Mr. Doty a house -- also to agree with Jercdiah Frost to get the timber, draw the same, (viz : the boards and other materials which he may want for the said house) to do all the carpenter's and joiner's work, and paint and glaze the same for seventy-five pounds."

Mr. Doty's incumbency here was short, not continuing over two years. From this place he removed to Schenectady, as appears by the following extract from the abstract of the Ven. Prop. Society for 1773 : -- " At the request of the church-wardens and vestry of Schenectady, the Rev. Mr. Doty, a gentleman educated at King's College, New York, and ordained sometime since for St. Peter's, at Peekskill, is appointed to succeed the Rev. Wm. Andrews, with the former salary." The Society, however, were greatly displeased at his removal, and through their secretary informed him, " That the circumstances under which he left his congregation at Peekskill do not raise him in the opinion of the Society, to whom his conduct, in that particular, hath been reported to his disadvantage, and as an act of ingratitude."a He remained at Schenectady until 1777, when he removed to Canada, being obliged to sell his furniture to obtain the means of transportation.6 " In 1775, (says Dr. O'Callaghan) divine service was suspended in his church, on account of the troubles, and he himself became the object of much harsh treatment. He was taken prisoner twice, and at length deemed it prudent, in the fall of 1777, to apply for liberty to remove to Canada, which he obtained. He thereupon proceeded to Montreal, where he was appointed chaplain to his Majesty's royal regiment of New York.

Andrews, with the former salary." The Society, however, were greatly displeased at his removal, and through their secretary informed him, " That the circumstances under which he left his congregation at Peekskill do not raise him in the opinion of the Society, to whom his conduct, in that particular, hath been reported to his disadvantage, and as an act of ingratitude."a He remained at Schenectady until 1777, when he removed to Canada, being obliged to sell his furniture to obtain the means of transportation.6 " In 1775, (says Dr. O'Callaghan) divine service was suspended in his church, on account of the troubles, and he himself became the object of much harsh treatment. He was taken prisoner twice, and at length deemed it prudent, in the fall of 1777, to apply for liberty to remove to Canada, which he obtained. He thereupon proceeded to Montreal, where he was appointed chaplain to his Majesty's royal regiment of New York. Here he continued until October, 1 78 1, when he repaired to England. He returned to Canada 12th of June, 1784, having been appointed missionary at Sorel. Here, for the first four weeks, he performed divine service in the Roman Catholic church, and afterwards in the barracks, where he resided. A place of worship was, however, afterwards erected, and Mr. Doty continued missionary at this place until 1793." " It is with concern, (says the Society) that it has received information that they are deprived of the useful services of this worthy missionary, (Mr. John Doty) by his removal into his native country, to take charge of St. Anne's church, at Brooklyn, on Long Island, in the Province of New York." (abstracts of 1794.) His connection with this church must, however, have been brief; for his name occurs again in 1796, on the^ Society's list as missionary at Sorel,

Doty continued missionary at this place until 1793." " It is with concern, (says the Society) that it has received information that they are deprived of the useful services of this worthy missionary, (Mr. John Doty) by his removal into his native country, to take charge of St. Anne's church, at Brooklyn, on Long Island, in the Province of New York." (abstracts of 1794.) His connection with this church must, however, have been brief; for his name occurs again in 1796, on the^ Society's list as missionary at Sorel,

a Copied from the oripinal letter In the possession of the Rev. Wm. Payne, rector oi St. George's church, Schenectady.

6 Fowler's MSS. Biographies of the Clergy, p. 411, 533.

132 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

whether he must have returned the previous year. He finally resigned his mission in 1803, when his connection with the Society for Propagating the Gospel ceased altogether."

Upon the resignation of Mr. Doty, the vestry must have* adopted measures for obtaining the services of another minister ; for on the 1 Sth of September, 1775, it was resolved by that body, "to set on foot a subscription towards the support of the Rev. Bennet Page, during his preaching at St. Peter's church, at Peekskill." This individual was probably the Rev. Bernard Page, A. M., who was licensed by the Bishop of London, August 24th, 1772, appointed to Wyoming parish, Pennsylvania, from whence he removed to this Province. Mr. Page does not appear to have officiated here very long ; and no doubt left in consequence of the breaking out of the Revolutionary war. Several persons of this name were graduates of Harvard University, and staunch loyalists. After this, religious services were suspended in the parish, and no clergyman was called or settled for nearly seventeen years.

M., who was licensed by the Bishop of London, August 24th, 1772, appointed to Wyoming parish, Pennsylvania, from whence he removed to this Province. Mr. Page does not appear to have officiated here very long ; and no doubt left in consequence of the breaking out of the Revolutionary war. Several persons of this name were graduates of Harvard University, and staunch loyalists. After this, religious services were suspended in the parish, and no clergyman was called or settled for nearly seventeen years. Seated near the Hudson river, the village of Peekskill suffered a great deal from the inroads of the enemy; who frequently came out from New York in considerable force. In September, 1777, the whole place was sacked and burnt, and the neighboring country pillaged by them.

At the close of the war (the principal members of the church having removed from the parish) the Presbyterians took advantage of the dissentions then existing, by attempting to seize the church and glebe, and, under the act of 17 84," choosing trustees, who it seems were all of one persuasion. But these nefarious schemes were happiTy frustrated, and the church finally incorporated under the old title.

According to a notice of this event given by the Rev. Andrew Fowler, in the year 1793, we learn: -- "That three or four years ago the Presbyterians made an attempt to take -the church and glebe by force; they called the church by a new name ' Union Church' and in order to carry their schemes they chose one half of the trustees as they said, out of the church. The truth is they had once professed themselves Episcopalians; but most of them have since proved themselves to be rank Dissenters, which the Presbyterians no doubt knew." These facts were recorded in consequence of Mr.

Andrew Fowler, in the year 1793, we learn: -- "That three or four years ago the Presbyterians made an attempt to take -the church and glebe by force; they called the church by a new name ' Union Church' and in order to carry their schemes they chose one half of the trustees as they said, out of the church. The truth is they had once professed themselves Episcopalians; but most of them have since proved themselves to be rank Dissenters, which the Presbyterians no doubt knew." These facts were recorded in consequence of Mr. Silas Constant (a Presbyterian minister) having applied to the vestry for liberty to preach in the church. The latter, however, referred the matter to Mr. Fowler, who very improperly granted the request. It appears that only a short time previous to this Mr. Fowler had obtained the use of Mr. Constant's pulpit at Yorktown. Fourteen

a Entitled an act to enable all Religious Denominations in the State to appoint trustees.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

r33

years afterwards, however, when the latter again applied for the same object, the vestry took a much firmer stand, voting as follows: -- "That leave cannot be granted to the Rev. Mr. Constant to preach in the church of St. Peter's consistent, with the canons of the Church."0

According to notice given on Monday, 5th of April, 1790, being Monday in Easter week, (the day appointed by charter for choosing officers for St. Peter's church, in the Manor of Cortlandt and St. Philip's chapel in the Highlands,) the following persons were elected for the ensuing year, viz: Wm. Dunning and Caleb Ward, church-wardens; Joshua Nelson, James Spock, Richard A. Arnold, Caleb Morgan, Silvanus Haight and Jarvis Dusenbury, vestrymen. Upon the 24th of November, 1791, the vestry "agreed to pay the sum of £20 for the support of David Lamson, to read service in St.

According to notice given on Monday, 5th of April, 1790, being Monday in Easter week, (the day appointed by charter for choosing officers for St. Peter's church, in the Manor of Cortlandt and St. Philip's chapel in the Highlands,) the following persons were elected for the ensuing year, viz: Wm. Dunning and Caleb Ward, church-wardens; Joshua Nelson, James Spock, Richard A. Arnold, Caleb Morgan, Silvanus Haight and Jarvis Dusenbury, vestrymen. Upon the 24th of November, 1791, the vestry "agreed to pay the sum of £20 for the support of David Lamson, to read service in St. Peter's church, at Peekskill and St. Philip's chapel in the Highlands, until the first of April next; and it is further agreed that Joshua Nelson and Silvanus Haight, shall furnish him with necessarys agreeable to a person of his station, during said term."

The first incorporation of this church subsequent to the Revolution, took place 26th of April, 1791, under the style and title of the corporation of St. Peter's church, Peekskill, and St. Philip's chapel in the Highlands. Joshua Nelson, Richard Aran dell, Silvanus Haight, James Spock, Jarvis Dusenbury, vestry of St. Peter's church, Peekskill. First trustees, Wm. Ward, Caleb Ward, James Spock, Silvanus Haight, Caleb Morgan, Joshua Nelson, Richard Arundell, Jarvis Dusenbury. Signed 16th December, 1791.**

The parish remained destitute of stated services until 1792, when the vestry called the Rev. Andrew Fowler. He was the son of Andrew Fowler, a lineal descendant of John Fowler one of the original planters of Guilford, Conn., in 1639 or 1640, by his wife Martha Stone, and was born at Guilford, 10th of June, 1760. He graduated A.B. at Yale in 1783, and received his A.M. degree in i793-c In 1784, he had charge of a school at New Rochelle, and the year following was chosen the first delegate from the parish to the Diocesan Convention.

He was the son of Andrew Fowler, a lineal descendant of John Fowler one of the original planters of Guilford, Conn., in 1639 or 1640, by his wife Martha Stone, and was born at Guilford, 10th of June, 1760. He graduated A.B. at Yale in 1783, and received his A.M. degree in i793-c In 1784, he had charge of a school at New Rochelle, and the year following was chosen the first delegate from the parish to the Diocesan Convention. To his exertions, under God, the church in this county is justly indebted; for at the close of the Revolutionary war, he collected the dispersed congregations at Rye, White Plains, New Rochelle and Yonkers, in the capacity of a lay reader. In 1788, he was recommended to the Bishop for holy

a Vestry minutes, April 25, 1807. b Religious Soc. Lib. A. 26

c "Andrew Fowler born in Guilford Aug., 1T2S, and died Oct., 1S15. Martha Stone, born Aug., 1737, died 1794. Child, Rev. Andrew Fowler, born in Guilford, June 10, 1760, died Dec 2!), 1S50, iu Charleston, S. C. The eldest of twelve children. Rec. of Guilford, Conn.

134 /HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

orders, and was ordained Deacon by Bishop Provoost. in the month of June, 1789, and Priest on the iSthday of the same month, 1790. He commenced his labors as a preacher of the gospel over the united parishes of Brookhaven, Huntington and Oyster Bay, L. I. He remained there but two years, when he was called, as we have seen, to the rectorship of this parish. Upon the 7th of August, 1792, the vestry agreed with the Rev. Andrew Fowler, to officiate as rector, and to pay him for his services the sum of ^70." They also agreed "to put him in possession of the glebe farm, from the first day of May next."

He commenced his labors as a preacher of the gospel over the united parishes of Brookhaven, Huntington and Oyster Bay, L. I. He remained there but two years, when he was called, as we have seen, to the rectorship of this parish. Upon the 7th of August, 1792, the vestry agreed with the Rev. Andrew Fowler, to officiate as rector, and to pay him for his services the sum of ^70." They also agreed "to put him in possession of the glebe farm, from the first day of May next."

The same year Mr. Dunning, senior warden of the parish, certified to the Diocesan Convention, "that possession had been procured of the parsonage house and glebe, belonging to the churches of St. Philip's at the Highlands, and St. Peter's, near Peekskill. That they had given a call to the Rev. Mr. Fowler, and had provided for his support ; and that the people seemed much pleased with having the gospel once more preached, and divine service performed according to the Protestant Episcopal Church." At a vestry meeting held January 3d, 1793, it was resolved: -- "That the Rev. Mr. Fowler shall be inducted according to the mode of the Protestant Episcopal Church in this State, now in use, into the rectory of St. Peter's church, in the manor of Cortlandt, and St. Philip's chapel, in Phillipstown, now in connection together, and that the induction into St. Peter's shall be made on Sunday, the 6th of next January; and the induction of St. Philip's chapel, whenever convenience will permit." Upon the 4th of January, 1794, the thanks of the vestry were given to Pierre Van Cortlandt for the great pains he had taken at the Legislature of this State, to obtain a title for the glebe belonging to the united churches.

Philip's chapel, in Phillipstown, now in connection together, and that the induction into St. Peter's shall be made on Sunday, the 6th of next January; and the induction of St. Philip's chapel, whenever convenience will permit." Upon the 4th of January, 1794, the thanks of the vestry were given to Pierre Van Cortlandt for the great pains he had taken at the Legislature of this State, to obtain a title for the glebe belonging to the united churches. Mr. Fowler resigned the charge of this parish in 1794, and subsequently removed to Charleston, South Carolina, where he died December 29th, 1850, at the advanced age of ninety. The following notice of his death appeared in the Calendar for March 1st, 1 85 1 : --

"The Charleston Gospel Messenger for February, contains an obituary notice from which we extract the following particulars: -- 'It may be truly said of the departed he was a great missionary* In five or more of our Dioceses he officiated for more or less time; but the greater part of his ministerial life, that is about forty years, was passed in South Carolina. He was the first missionary of our 'Advancement Society,' and first missionary of the 'Society for Missions of young men and others,' instituted in Charleston ; which was intended to act out of the Diocese, the elder Society being trusted within the Diocese, and which continued until the 'General Missionary Society' superceded the occasion of it. The churches now flourishing in Columbia, Choran, St

"The Charleston Gospel Messenger for February, contains an obituary notice from which we extract the following particulars: -- 'It may be truly said of the departed he was a great missionary* In five or more of our Dioceses he officiated for more or less time; but the greater part of his ministerial life, that is about forty years, was passed in South Carolina. He was the first missionary of our 'Advancement Society,' and first missionary of the 'Society for Missions of young men and others,' instituted in Charleston ; which was intended to act out of the Diocese, the elder Society being trusted within the Diocese, and which continued until the 'General Missionary Society' superceded the occasion of it. The churches now flourishing in Columbia, Choran, St

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

*35

Augustin, (Florida.) and Wadesborough, at Charleston, were planted by him. The old parishes of St. Bartholomew's Edisto Island, and Christ church, each of them for several years found the benefit of his ministrations.'

"Few more industrious men, physically, mentally and socially, have ever lived. 'These hands' he could truly say, 'have ministered to my necessities, and those who were with me.' Into the garden, the field, the orchard, the vineyard and the forest, he went -- not for recreation, or to gain wealth, but to supply the deficiency of an inadequate salary; for he coveted no man's silver or gold, or apparel.

" More contentment, with the allotments of Divine Providence ; more cheerfulness in narrow circumstances ; more confidence in God, as respected himself and family; more meekness in his intercourse with men; more resignation in sickness, sightlessness, adversity, bereavement and the last conflict, I have not witnessed. I might specify incidents known to several present. To one only I will advert: -- "He had a son intended for Holy Orders, much care was bestowed and expense (involving serious self-denial) incurred on his education.

" More contentment, with the allotments of Divine Providence ; more cheerfulness in narrow circumstances ; more confidence in God, as respected himself and family; more meekness in his intercourse with men; more resignation in sickness, sightlessness, adversity, bereavement and the last conflict, I have not witnessed. I might specify incidents known to several present. To one only I will advert: -- "He had a son intended for Holy Orders, much care was bestowed and expense (involving serious self-denial) incurred on his education. It was finished with credit at one of our chief colleges. The youth was now competent to provide for himself, and was just about to become a candidate for the ministry; but he (at that time the only son) died. It was a trial, met by his aged father in the temper of faithful Abraham, and with the resignation of holy Job. On the Feast of St. Thomas the Holy Communion was administered to our friend, and on the Sunday after Christmas he departed, as we trust, to be ever with the Lord, aged ninety years and seven months."

The Rev. Samuel Haskell succeeded Mr. Fowler, and continued minister of the parish until 1 798. For two or three years the parish was again vacant. During this period another attempt appears to have been made to Obtain possession of the church by a Mr. Palmer and others; for at a vestry meeting held on the 6th of November, 1801, it was ordered: -- "That the doors of the churches (St. Peter's and St. Philip's) be shut against Mr. Palmer for the future." In the year 1803, Mr. James Mandeville paid the wardens and vestrymen for " one year's rent of the parsonage farm, ending 15th of April, ^35; and to one year's rent of the church land, situated round the church at Peekskill £i."a The latter must refer to the cemetery which was confirmed to the church by the royal charter of 1770.

Palmer and others; for at a vestry meeting held on the 6th of November, 1801, it was ordered: -- "That the doors of the churches (St. Peter's and St. Philip's) be shut against Mr. Palmer for the future." In the year 1803, Mr. James Mandeville paid the wardens and vestrymen for " one year's rent of the parsonage farm, ending 15th of April, ^35; and to one year's rent of the church land, situated round the church at Peekskill £i."a The latter must refer to the cemetery which was confirmed to the church by the royal charter of 1770. Occasional services were performed at this time by the New York clergy; for on the 20th of May, 1804, Mr. James Mandeville charges the vestry with the expenses, " paid by him, for keeping of the Rev. Messrs. Cooper and Wilkins, jQd 12.''

In 1806, the Rev. Joseph Warren was called to be rector of the

a Vestry minutes. The Baptist meeting honse must have stood near St. Peter's church, for on the *■ 201 )■ of March, 1305. Joseph Ferris was appointed to put up the division fence between the church yards of the Episcopal and Baptist Churches."

l36

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

united parishes of St. Peter's, Cortlandt, and St. Philip's, Philipstown. The next year he makes report to the Diocesan Convention, for the two churches, of ten communicants. He was succeeded by the Rev. John Urquhart, who entered upon his duties as minister of the united parishes in i8o9,a and resigned in December, 1814, whereupon the " Rev. Adam Empie and the Rev. John Brown were selected to supply the vacant congregations at Peekskill and Philipstown." The following year the Rev. Adam Empie (chaplain and professor in the military Academy at West Point) reported : -- " That in compliance with the appointments made at the last Convention he has performed divine services, and preached two Sundays at Philipstown and two Sundays at Peekskill; in each of which place he administered the Holy Communion, of the advantages of which they had for more than two years been deprived." The Rev.

John Brown were selected to supply the vacant congregations at Peekskill and Philipstown." The following year the Rev. Adam Empie (chaplain and professor in the military Academy at West Point) reported : -- " That in compliance with the appointments made at the last Convention he has performed divine services, and preached two Sundays at Philipstown and two Sundays at Peekskill; in each of which place he administered the Holy Communion, of the advantages of which they had for more than two years been deprived." The Rev. Petrus S. Ten Broeck, Deacon, residing in New York, succeeded Mr. Urquhart in 1817. In the fall of 18 1 6 he reported to the Convention, "That the congregations at Fish skill, Philipstown and Peekskill, have been in a depressed state in consequence of having been destitute of the regular services of a clergyman for some time past ; the two last particularly, which have been longest destitute.6 They now appear to be rising from their depression."'' For the successors of Mr. Ten Broeck see list of rectors.

At a vestry meeting held January 4th, 1828, Pierre Van Cortlandt, James Wiley and John Oppie were appointed a committee to rent the glebe farm, and also to petition the Chancellor for leave to sell the same, &c. Permission was accordingly granted on the 1 oth of November, 1828, and on the 20th of October, 1838, the glebe was sold for the sum of five thousand dollars. On the 18th of April, 1840, (in answer to an application of the wardens and vestrymen of St. Peter's church and St. Philip's chapel,) an act was passed by the Legislature of this State, authorizing a separation of said church and chapel.

At a vestry meeting held January 4th, 1828, Pierre Van Cortlandt, James Wiley and John Oppie were appointed a committee to rent the glebe farm, and also to petition the Chancellor for leave to sell the same, &c. Permission was accordingly granted on the 1 oth of November, 1828, and on the 20th of October, 1838, the glebe was sold for the sum of five thousand dollars. On the 18th of April, 1840, (in answer to an application of the wardens and vestrymen of St. Peter's church and St. Philip's chapel,) an act was passed by the Legislature of this State, authorizing a separation of said church and chapel.

In 1829 an organization was formed in the village of Peekskill by the name of St. Paul's church,d which continued until 1840, when the above mentioned act of the Legislature took effect, and the present corporation was formed under the title of " St. Peter's church, Cortlandt,,in the village of Peekskill."

a Jacob Lent was allowed $23 In 1S0S-9, for reading services In both churches.

h The vestery on February 22d, 1817, "refused to allow the Independent Congregation to occupy a part of the church and further consideration."

c This application appears to have been made without a formal meeting of the vestry.

d The Rev. Edward J. Ives in his report to tho Diocesan Convention of 1S29, says : " A new congregation has also been organized in the village of Peekskill, who contemplate the erection Of a new church as soon as their pecuniary resources shall be enlarged, being now insufficient to carry their good object into effect."

h The vestery on February 22d, 1817, "refused to allow the Independent Congregation to occupy a part of the church and further consideration."

c This application appears to have been made without a formal meeting of the vestry.

d The Rev. Edward J. Ives in his report to tho Diocesan Convention of 1S29, says : " A new congregation has also been organized in the village of Peekskill, who contemplate the erection Of a new church as soon as their pecuniary resources shall be enlarged, being now insufficient to carry their good object into effect."

THE TOWJI OF CORTLANDT.

St. Puter'd Church aud the Tomb of Paulding.

The old parochial church of St. Peter's (a venerable relic of the piety of its founders, worthy of preservation, and which, connected as it is with the early Provincial history of the church in this country, we hope to see ere long put in creditable repair0 ) stands upon the summit of a high knoll, a short distance from the village of Peekskill. This humble structure was erected, as we have seen in the year 1766. The site and adjoining grave-yard were the gift of Catherine Van Cortlandt, wife of Andrew Johnson, and daughter of the Rt. Hon. Stephanus Van Cortlandt, first Lord of the manor cf Cortlandt. The following entry occurs in the old quarto Bible belonging to this church, printed A. D. 1728: --

"The gift of Mrs. Susannah Robinson, to St. Peter's church, at Peekskill, which church was by the desire of Beverly Robinson, Esq., Messrs. Jeremiah Blake, Caleb Ward, Isaac Hatfield and Charles Moore, trustees, appointed by the subscribers to said church for directing and carrying on said building, and for securing it to the inhabitants as a place of public worship, according to the establishment of the Church of England, on Sunday the 9th of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and sixty-seven, being the eighth Sunday after Trinity, consecrated by the Rev.

Peter's church, at Peekskill, which church was by the desire of Beverly Robinson, Esq., Messrs. Jeremiah Blake, Caleb Ward, Isaac Hatfield and Charles Moore, trustees, appointed by the subscribers to said church for directing and carrying on said building, and for securing it to the inhabitants as a place of public worship, according to the establishment of the Church of England, on Sunday the 9th of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and sixty-seven, being the eighth Sunday after Trinity, consecrated by the Rev. Dr. John Ogilvie of New York, for the service of the Holy Trinity, according to the rites and ceremonies cf the Church of England, as by law established, by the name of St. Peter's church."

Mrs. Robinson, (the wife of Col. Beverly Robinson,) was the eldest daughter cf the Hon. Frederick Philipse, second Lord of the manor cf

a In 1S2S it was voted, " that the sum of $40 be appropriated for the repairs of St. Peter's cluiren and yard, under the direction of James Maudevilic, John Oppie and Daniel W. Bird-

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Phillipsburgh, by his wife Joanna Brockholes, and devisee with her brother Philip Philipse, of Philipse's patent in the Highlands. Mrs. Robinson, as we have seen, was included with her husband in the confiscation act of New York, and at the peace accompanied him to England. She died at Thornbury, near Bath, in 1822, at the age of ninetyfour.

The chapel of St. Peter's, which was erected in i838,rt as auxiliary to the mother church, is a handsome gothic structure of wood, situated near the centre of the village of Peekskill. The interior, which is handsomely fitted up, contains a neat chancel and gallery. Against the north wall is placed a marble tablet inscribed as follows: --

Robinson, as we have seen, was included with her husband in the confiscation act of New York, and at the peace accompanied him to England. She died at Thornbury, near Bath, in 1822, at the age of ninetyfour.

The chapel of St. Peter's, which was erected in i838,rt as auxiliary to the mother church, is a handsome gothic structure of wood, situated near the centre of the village of Peekskill. The interior, which is handsomely fitted up, contains a neat chancel and gallery. Against the north wall is placed a marble tablet inscribed as follows: --

M. S.

Ann Stephenson, The affectionate and beloved 'wife of GEN. PIERRE VAN CORTLANDT, of this township and county, ■who departed this life at Albany, March 20th, 1821, translated by God to a kingdom of happiness and glory, aged4G years, 6 months and 16 days.

Early instructed by her pious mother in the doctrines and principles of the Gospel, this excellent woman became exemplary as a communicant of the Church ■when only thirteen years old, and continuing to be a sincere and humble follower of her Saviour, even unto her life's end, was endeared to all who knew her by her Christian virtues, and for a pure and devoted attachment to Christ's Holy and Apostolic Church, and to the members of this congregation, who as a memorial of her worth and mark of respect for her venerable consort and her onl}' son, benefactors of this parish, have erected this tablet.

Requiescat in Pace.

There is a noble and deep toned bell in the tower, which summons the parishioners every Lord's day to the house of prayer by its rich and solemn sounds. "This was a gift in every way worthy of the venerable individual whose name is graven upon it, the late Gen. Pierre Van Cortlandt, for many years senior warden, to whose family the parish is not only indebted for the original grant of land upon which the mother church stands, but for other and more recent favors." It weighs one thousand and eighty-five pounds, and bears the following inscription: -- "Cast by G.

There is a noble and deep toned bell in the tower, which summons the parishioners every Lord's day to the house of prayer by its rich and solemn sounds. "This was a gift in every way worthy of the venerable individual whose name is graven upon it, the late Gen. Pierre Van Cortlandt, for many years senior warden, to whose family the parish is not only indebted for the original grant of land upon which the mother church stands, but for other and more recent favors." It weighs one thousand and eighty-five pounds, and bears the following inscription: -- "Cast by G. W. Holbrook, East Medway, Mass., 1841. Presented to St. Peter's church, Peekskill, Westchester County, New York, by General Pierre Van Cortlandt. August 29th, 1841." The marble font was

a The deed for the church lot, from Ward B. Howard and Lucia his wife, bcara date 23d of December, 1S29.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT. 1 39

the gift of his son Colonel Pierre Van Cortlandt. The organ presented by the ladies of the parish in 1849, was also built by the Messrs. Holbrook & Co., and cost twelve hundred dollars. The corner stone of this edifice, which was organized under the title of St. Paul's church, in 1829, was laid by Bishop Onderdonk in 1838; and upon Saturday, June 1 6th, of that year, it was consecrated and set apart to the worship and service of Almighty God, under the title of "St, Peter's chapel, &c," by the same Prelate.

The organ presented by the ladies of the parish in 1849, was also built by the Messrs. Holbrook & Co., and cost twelve hundred dollars. The corner stone of this edifice, which was organized under the title of St. Paul's church, in 1829, was laid by Bishop Onderdonk in 1838; and upon Saturday, June 1 6th, of that year, it was consecrated and set apart to the worship and service of Almighty God, under the title of "St, Peter's chapel, &c," by the same Prelate.

The site of this church was formerly occupied by the military magazine, destroyed by the British army in 1777. Large quantities of grape shot have been found in the immediate vicinity. Adjoining the building on the south, is situated the family vault of the late Ward B. Howard, Esq., at one time president of the village corporation, in which repose the mortal remains of himself and wife Lucia, daughter of the late Hon. Robert Johnston, who died Mar. 8th, 1834. Also the remains of their nephew, William J. Mitchell, Esq., who was unfortunately killed by the explosion of the steamer General Jackson, off Verplanck's Point, June 7th, 183 r.

The church was first incorporated 19th July, 1838, under the title of the "Wardens and Vestrymen of St. Peter's chapel, in the village of Peekskill," on which occasion Pierre Van Cortlandt and Samuel Marks, were elected wardens, and Daniel D. Smith, Samuel T. Wood, John Collett, Elihu E. Baker, Alex Fairly, Wm. B. Birdsall, Nicholas Cruger and Isaac Seymour, vestrymen.0

Mitchell, Esq., who was unfortunately killed by the explosion of the steamer General Jackson, off Verplanck's Point, June 7th, 183 r.

The church was first incorporated 19th July, 1838, under the title of the "Wardens and Vestrymen of St. Peter's chapel, in the village of Peekskill," on which occasion Pierre Van Cortlandt and Samuel Marks, were elected wardens, and Daniel D. Smith, Samuel T. Wood, John Collett, Elihu E. Baker, Alex Fairly, Wm. B. Birdsall, Nicholas Cruger and Isaac Seymour, vestrymen.0

A third incorporation occurs under the title of St. Peter's church of Cortlandt," 28th August, 1840. b

PRINCIPAL BENEFACTORS.

Catherine Van Cortlandt, Col. Beverly Robinson and Susannah Phiiipse, his wife, the Ven Propagation Society, Andrew Johnson, Gen. Pierre Van Cortlandt, Col. Pierre Van. Cortlandt, Nicholas Cruger, Esq., Isaac Seymour, Esq , Col. John Williams and the Corporation of Trinity church, New Vork."

William Dunning and Jarvis Dusenbury were the first delegates from this parish to the Diocesan Convention in 1791.

a Religious Societies Lib. B. p. 5C b Ditto lib. B. p. 60.

c Trinity Church in 1T9T presented the sum of $750 to St. Peter's church. In 1S07, £1,250 for St. Peter's and St. Philip's. In 1S26, $750. In 1S37, $250, and in 1S39, $1,000. Total $4,000.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

RECTORES DE CORTLANTjT.

Vacated. Patrons.

Per Resignation,

Wardens and Vestry,

Inst. Rectors.

16 July, 1771, Rev. John Doty, CI., A. M., 18 Sept. 1775, Rev. Bernard Page, CI., A. M.,

7 Aug. 1793, Rev. Andrew Fowler, Presb.,

c Trinity Church in 1T9T presented the sum of $750 to St. Peter's church. In 1S07, £1,250 for St. Peter's and St. Philip's. In 1S26, $750. In 1S37, $250, and in 1S39, $1,000. Total $4,000.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

RECTORES DE CORTLANTjT.

Vacated. Patrons.

Per Resignation,

Wardens and Vestry,

Inst. Rectors.

16 July, 1771, Rev. John Doty, CI., A. M., 18 Sept. 1775, Rev. Bernard Page, CI., A. M.,

7 Aug. 1793, Rev. Andrew Fowler, Presb.,

15 Dec. 1794, Rev. Samuel Haskell, B. A., Presb., 7 Apr. 1806, Rev. Joseph Warren, Presb.,

17 Apr. 1811, Rev. John Urquhart, Presb.,

11 June, 1817, Rev. Petrus S. Ten Broeck," Presb., 29 May, 1826, Rev. Edward J. Ives, Presb..

Dec, 1832, Rev. James Sunderland, Presb.

Apr., 1838, Rev. William C. Cooley, A.M., Presb.,

3 Mar., 1841, Rev. Moses Marcus, &B. A., Presb.

7 June, 1843, Rev. William Barlow, <= Presb.,

25 Apr., 1848, Rev. George S. Gordon, Presb.,

12 Oct., 1854, Rev. Edmund Roberts, Presb., 5 Dec , 1863, Rev. John Rutherford Mathews, Presb. 1 Oct., 1865, Rev. Erskine M. Rodman, Presb.,

10 Feb., 1869, Rev. Francis Hanson, Presb.

16 Sept. 1873, Rev. William Fisher Lewis, Presb., present rector.

The assistant minister of the parish is the Rev. H. M. Torbert, who

is also chaplain at St. Gabriel's School. This school is under the charge

a Dierl at North Andovor, Mass., Jan. 24, 1S49. Rector of St. Paul's, Portland, Mo., from ISIS to 1831. From 1SS1 to 1837, rector of Saccacappa, when he removed to Concord, N. H., where he officiated until about 1S41.

16 Sept. 1873, Rev. William Fisher Lewis, Presb., present rector.

The assistant minister of the parish is the Rev. H. M. Torbert, who

is also chaplain at St. Gabriel's School. This school is under the charge

a Dierl at North Andovor, Mass., Jan. 24, 1S49. Rector of St. Paul's, Portland, Mo., from ISIS to 1831. From 1SS1 to 1837, rector of Saccacappa, when he removed to Concord, N. H., where he officiated until about 1S41.

b Died id Egrcmont Place, New Uoad, London, England, Nov. 26, 1S52. Tlis last parochial connection, in" this country, was with the church of St. George the Martvr, in New York City.

c Died at Chicago. 111.. Feb. 24, 1S50. He had been rector of St. Paul's in Syracuse arid subsequently of Ogdensburgh.

* THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT. 141

of the sisters of St. Mary who have admirably succeeded by great personal exertion in making practical the idea, of a female boarding school, where solid attainments, correct notions of woman's exact position in society, and a healthy growth of mind, heart and body can be attained to the exclusion of more pretentious accomplishments; finery in dress and that abominable theory that woman is a mere ornament of society." The sisters have two other schools in the United States, one in New York and one in Memphis, Tenn." " The designs of these schools is to offer to Church people, and all who wish to have their daughters grow up in the doctrines of a true religious faith, an opportunity at the smallest cost, to obtain a thorough education." Surrounded by the old parochial Church of St. Peter's is an extensive grave yard containing memorials to the Penoyers, Wards, Drakes, Ferris's, &c, &c. The oldest interment appears to have been Mary, wife of John Ward, who died on the 15th of September, 1765, in the 69th year of age.

Mary who have admirably succeeded by great personal exertion in making practical the idea, of a female boarding school, where solid attainments, correct notions of woman's exact position in society, and a healthy growth of mind, heart and body can be attained to the exclusion of more pretentious accomplishments; finery in dress and that abominable theory that woman is a mere ornament of society." The sisters have two other schools in the United States, one in New York and one in Memphis, Tenn." " The designs of these schools is to offer to Church people, and all who wish to have their daughters grow up in the doctrines of a true religious faith, an opportunity at the smallest cost, to obtain a thorough education." Surrounded by the old parochial Church of St. Peter's is an extensive grave yard containing memorials to the Penoyers, Wards, Drakes, Ferris's, &c, &c. The oldest interment appears to have been Mary, wife of John Ward, who died on the 15th of September, 1765, in the 69th year of age.

One of the tomb stones is inscribed with the following expressive sentence :

" Eternity h<nv long!"

There is also a small enclosure belonging to the Birdsall family.

Among the illustrious dead interred here, may be mentioned Major- General Seth Pomeroy, one of the heroes of Bunker Hill.

On the west side of the grave yard is situated the monument of John Paulding.

The following is the report of the select committee, appointed in pursuance of a resolution of the board of common council, passed the 4th day of December, 1826, during the mayoralty of the Honorable Philip Hone directing a monument to be erected to the memory of John Paulding, one of the captors of the British spy, Andre.

Among the illustrious dead interred here, may be mentioned Major- General Seth Pomeroy, one of the heroes of Bunker Hill.

On the west side of the grave yard is situated the monument of John Paulding.

The following is the report of the select committee, appointed in pursuance of a resolution of the board of common council, passed the 4th day of December, 1826, during the mayoralty of the Honorable Philip Hone directing a monument to be erected to the memory of John Paulding, one of the captors of the British spy, Andre.

Your committee engaged Messrs. Francis and James Kain, to erect a monument of white marble, the materials of which were procured from their quarry, in the county of Westchester. It is of the most simple form, consisting of a pedestal, surmounted by a cone, showing an elevation of thirteen feet ; the whole composed of the most massive materials, and fastened with iron cramps in such a manner as to resist the severity of the climate for ages to come.

The base of the monument covers a square of seven feet, surrounded by an iron railing, four feet in height, and two feet seven inches distant, inserted in a marble coping fourteen inches broad, comprehending a square of twelve feet two inches.

One side of the monument exhibits a facsimile of the face of the medal, voted by the Congress of the United States to each of the captors

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

of Andre, on the third day of November, seventeen hundred and eighty; the other of its reverse, both carved in bas relief.

The base of the monument covers a square of seven feet, surrounded by an iron railing, four feet in height, and two feet seven inches distant, inserted in a marble coping fourteen inches broad, comprehending a square of twelve feet two inches.

One side of the monument exhibits a facsimile of the face of the medal, voted by the Congress of the United States to each of the captors

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

of Andre, on the third day of November, seventeen hundred and eighty; the other of its reverse, both carved in bas relief.

On the front of the pedestal is the following inscription :

Here repose the mortal remains of JOHN PAULDING, who died on the 18th day of February, 1818, in the 60th year of his age.

On the morning of the 23d of September, 1780, Accompanied by two young Farmers of the Co. of Westchester, (Whose names will one day be recorded

On their own deserved monuments,) He intercepted the British spy, Andre : Poor Himself He disdained to acquire wealth by the sacrifice of

HIS COUNTRY.

Rejecting the temptation of great rewards He conveyed his prisoner to the American camp ; And

By this act of noble self-denial. The treason of Arnold was detected, The designs of the enemy baffled ; West Point and the American Armj* saved; And these United States, Now by the grace of God. Free and Independent, Rescued from most imminent peril.

The fourth side of the pedestal bears the following inscription :

On their own deserved monuments,) He intercepted the British spy, Andre : Poor Himself He disdained to acquire wealth by the sacrifice of

HIS COUNTRY.

Rejecting the temptation of great rewards He conveyed his prisoner to the American camp ; And

By this act of noble self-denial. The treason of Arnold was detected, The designs of the enemy baffled ; West Point and the American Armj* saved; And these United States, Now by the grace of God. Free and Independent, Rescued from most imminent peril.

The fourth side of the pedestal bears the following inscription :

TUB COKPOKATION

Of the City of New York, Erected this Tomb, As memorial Sacred to PUBLIC GRATITUDE.

The whole being completed with the exception of placing the cone' on the pedestal, on the morning of the twenty -second of November, eighteen hundred and twenty-seven, the corporation proceeded in the steamboat Sandusky, to Peekskill, where they arrived at one o'clock, and were met by the Committee of Arrangements,0 and a large concourse of

a Generals Pierre van Cortlandt and Philip van Cortlandt, Daniel W. Birdsall. St. John Constant, Ward B. Howard, Beujaniia Dyckiuan, Doctor Peter Goetchius, James Jiaudeville, and Doctor Samuel Strang.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

the inhabitants of Westchester County, who had come to assist in the last honors, to the memory of their fellow citizen. Among them were many aged and venerable men, who passed through the perils of the revolution and shared its dangers with the deceased.

A procession was formed to the church yard, where the monument stands, about two and a half miles from the village of Peekskill; ami the column being lowered to its place on the pedestal, William Paulding, mayor of the city of New York, addressed the assembled citizens as follows :

the inhabitants of Westchester County, who had come to assist in the last honors, to the memory of their fellow citizen. Among them were many aged and venerable men, who passed through the perils of the revolution and shared its dangers with the deceased.

A procession was formed to the church yard, where the monument stands, about two and a half miles from the village of Peekskill; ami the column being lowered to its place on the pedestal, William Paulding, mayor of the city of New York, addressed the assembled citizens as follows :

My Fhiends:-- History bears testimony to the importance of the act we are here assembled to commemorate. The capture of Andre, while it prevented the most fatal disasters, and led to the most signal results, afforded at the same time a memorable example of the fidelity and patriotism of the yeomanry of these United States. As such it has always been viewed, and will appear in the eyes of posterity one of the most honorable achievements of our great revolutionary struggle.

It was in the year seventeen hundred and eighty.

There is not an aged man here present, but must remember that gloo::.y and disastrous period, when, if ever, the freedom of our country was almost a desperate hope. The money, the credit, the men, the means, and I may almost say, the sentiment necessary for continuing the great contest, were either quite exhausted, or fast melting away.

Flardship, ill success, and a miserable scarcity of every necessary of life, had checked present exertion, and produced almost a hopelessness of the future. Our little army, the last reliance of the country, was cooped up at West Point, almost the last refuge of liberty remaining. Had that army, with its illustrious commander, been treacherously surrendered, and that strong-hold given up to the enemy, the communication between Canada and New York, then in his possession, would have been open -- the North and the South could no longer have cooperated with each other -- the spirit of our people had been broken -- the last stay of freedom destroyed, and the last ray of hope perhaps extinguished.

Our little army, the last reliance of the country, was cooped up at West Point, almost the last refuge of liberty remaining. Had that army, with its illustrious commander, been treacherously surrendered, and that strong-hold given up to the enemy, the communication between Canada and New York, then in his possession, would have been open -- the North and the South could no longer have cooperated with each other -- the spirit of our people had been broken -- the last stay of freedom destroyed, and the last ray of hope perhaps extinguished. What the final issue might have been, God only knows ; but we all know, the consequences would have shaken our good cause to its foundation. A plan for this purpose was agitated-- matured -- almost consummated by the treason of Arnold. To you it is not necessary to detail the particulars of this infamous and dangerous project, so familiar to the memory and hearts of our people. I see among you many venerable and aged men who bore a part in the struggle, and shared in the hardships, anxieties, dangers and sufferings of those dismal times. I see at the head of these, a faithful and gallant officer, still happily and honorably surviving to enjoy that invaluable freedom which his own efforts contributed to secure.*1 I see, too, among them one who was himself a companion and sharer in the virtuous act by which these imminent dangers were averted.6

If you wish for the story of this high achievement of honest, unpretending

I see among you many venerable and aged men who bore a part in the struggle, and shared in the hardships, anxieties, dangers and sufferings of those dismal times. I see at the head of these, a faithful and gallant officer, still happily and honorably surviving to enjoy that invaluable freedom which his own efforts contributed to secure.*1 I see, too, among them one who was himself a companion and sharer in the virtuous act by which these imminent dangers were averted.6

If you wish for the story of this high achievement of honest, unpretending

a General Philip van Cortland!. b Isaac van Wart.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

patriotism, ask it of him. He will tell it in such a way, as shall neither wrong the living or the dead. He will tell you of the capture of Andre, who from a spy, was elevated by a false estimate and a mistaken sympathy, into a hero and a martyr -- of the temptations which had corrupted the second man in the nation's estimation, being rejected by the sons of the farmers of Westchester -- of the delivery of the spy into the hands of the great good man of the age -- of modern times - of all times whatever, and of their receiving his glorious approbation-- of the applauses of the nation -- and the thanks of that most illustrious body, the old Congress of the United States -- the noblest reward which was ever bestowed on a private citizen. Lastly, my friends, he will tell you what a source of honest pride -- of heart-felt pleasure -- of unutterable happiness has been to him, and will be to the last hour of his life, the reflection that he did his duty to his country in her hour of peril.

He will tell you of the capture of Andre, who from a spy, was elevated by a false estimate and a mistaken sympathy, into a hero and a martyr -- of the temptations which had corrupted the second man in the nation's estimation, being rejected by the sons of the farmers of Westchester -- of the delivery of the spy into the hands of the great good man of the age -- of modern times - of all times whatever, and of their receiving his glorious approbation-- of the applauses of the nation -- and the thanks of that most illustrious body, the old Congress of the United States -- the noblest reward which was ever bestowed on a private citizen. Lastly, my friends, he will tell you what a source of honest pride -- of heart-felt pleasure -- of unutterable happiness has been to him, and will be to the last hour of his life, the reflection that he did his duty to his country in her hour of peril.

My Friends : -- The man to whose mouldering remains and imperishable memory we are now paying the last honors, was born and brought up among us. Like many now present, he was the son of a plain country farmer, who cultivated his own fields with his own hands : and he received such an education only, as is now within the reach of every honest man's son in these United States. He had nothing to boast of but a vigorous, active, well-proportioned frame, a daring spirit, and an honest heart. His means and opportunities were only such as you all enjoy; and his example furnishes a lesson to you all, of what every one of you is capable of becoming, when the hour of danger arrives, and our country requires the aid of a virtuous patriotism.

Like many now present, he was the son of a plain country farmer, who cultivated his own fields with his own hands : and he received such an education only, as is now within the reach of every honest man's son in these United States. He had nothing to boast of but a vigorous, active, well-proportioned frame, a daring spirit, and an honest heart. His means and opportunities were only such as you all enjoy; and his example furnishes a lesson to you all, of what every one of you is capable of becoming, when the hour of danger arrives, and our country requires the aid of a virtuous patriotism. He is most peculiarly an example to you and yours. He belongs forever to the yeomanry of the United States, a class of men always honest and patriotic -- always read}' to defend that soil in whose products they share so liberally, and those rights in which they so amply participate.

Bear then in mind, my friends, and impress it on the hearts of your children, and upon all that shall nestle in old age under your withered branches, that as all are equally called upon to protect and defend their country, so there is not one of them all but may one day be placed in a situation like John Paulding, to confer a lasting benefit on his country, and like lum, to merit and receive the highest and noblest of all earthly .recompenses -- the thanks and gratitude of his countrymen.

Bear then in mind, my friends, and impress it on the hearts of your children, and upon all that shall nestle in old age under your withered branches, that as all are equally called upon to protect and defend their country, so there is not one of them all but may one day be placed in a situation like John Paulding, to confer a lasting benefit on his country, and like lum, to merit and receive the highest and noblest of all earthly .recompenses -- the thanks and gratitude of his countrymen.

The assembly then separated, deeply impressed with the ceremony and the occasion. All which is respectfully submitted,

Abrm. M. Valentine, John Agnew, John Lozier, Gideon Ostkander, , Jameson Cox.

The Dutch Reformed Church which stands at the corner of Main and Tames streets, is a neat wooden edifice, surmounted with a spire of the same material. Above the entrance is a tablet inscribed : --

TnE VaH Nest Reformed Dutch Church, Founded A. D. 1S39.

THE TOWN OK CORTLANDT.

A union between this church and the old society at Cortlandt-town was effected August 2 2d, 1833. Abraham Van Nest and George Douglass, Esquires, appear to have been liberal benefactors towards the erection of this church. A silver communion service was also presented by the former individual. The first Reformed Dutch church located in this village, stood on the hill west of the Episcopal church, adjoining the Diven property. Nothing remains at present to mark its site, save a small enclosure containing a few interments. In this cemetery is a plain marble monument to the memory of Lieut. George McChain, which bears the following truly clasical inscription, composed by the Hon. R. R. Pray, Chancellor of the State of Mississippi : --

The first Reformed Dutch church located in this village, stood on the hill west of the Episcopal church, adjoining the Diven property. Nothing remains at present to mark its site, save a small enclosure containing a few interments. In this cemetery is a plain marble monument to the memory of Lieut. George McChain, which bears the following truly clasical inscription, composed by the Hon. R. R. Pray, Chancellor of the State of Mississippi : --

Interred

Near this stone lie the remains of George McChain' Lieutenant i:i the sixth regiment of the United States Infantry, and distinguished . for his valor iu the battles of Chippeway and Bridgewater. In him were united the energy of the BOldier, with the easy politeness of the gentleman. Impressed with the great truths of religion, he was hospitable, gentle, sober, just,

and contemplative. From the ardour of his love of country, he early devoted himself to her service, where he was brave without vanity, and

magnanimous without ostentation. To perpetuate the memory of so beloved a character, his mourning friends have erected this humble stone,

a frail memorial of their veneration for his virtues, and a faint testimony of their grief for. a misfortune, alas! indelibly engraven on their hearts. He died on the 19th day of October, 1818, Aged 32 years.

Also monuments to the memory of his father John McChain, one of the Westchester guides in the revolutionary war, and the Rev. Allen Blair, who departed this life June 14, aged 72 years; also, Jane, wife of St. John Constant, who died April 2, 181 7.

a frail memorial of their veneration for his virtues, and a faint testimony of their grief for. a misfortune, alas! indelibly engraven on their hearts. He died on the 19th day of October, 1818, Aged 32 years.

Also monuments to the memory of his father John McChain, one of the Westchester guides in the revolutionary war, and the Rev. Allen Blair, who departed this life June 14, aged 72 years; also, Jane, wife of St. John Constant, who died April 2, 181 7.

The Van Nest Reformed Dutch Church in Peekskill, was incorporated on the 3d of January, 1S43, aa(l called by the above name, ''in consideration of the private virtues and public liberality of Abraham Van Nest of New York." The consistory also resolved to confide the management to a board of nine trustees. The following gentlemen were elected to this office, on the 16th of January, 1843: -- James Goetchius, William Leavins, John P. Cruger, Washington S. Whitney, J. Henry Ferris, Thomas Nelson, Hercules Lent, Charles A. G. Depew and N.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

S. Jacobs.a The present pastor, Rev. John B. Thompson, was installed 23d of July, 1873.

The First Presbyterian church is situated on South street near the south side of Magregaries brook. It is a neat wooden structure, surmounted with a tower and spire ; the former contains a large bell and clock. As early as 1799 a church edifice was erected upon this spot, upon lands devoted by Nathaniel Brown, a Friend. " To the Presbyterians of the belief of Dr. Rodgers of New York," with James Diver, John Oppie and Stephen Brown, trustees. The principal benefactors of the church were Stephen Brown and his mother-in-law, Mrs. Hannah Brewer. Dr. James Brewer, of this place, during his life time, had in his possession an account of monies expended by Messrs.

As early as 1799 a church edifice was erected upon this spot, upon lands devoted by Nathaniel Brown, a Friend. " To the Presbyterians of the belief of Dr. Rodgers of New York," with James Diver, John Oppie and Stephen Brown, trustees. The principal benefactors of the church were Stephen Brown and his mother-in-law, Mrs. Hannah Brewer. Dr. James Brewer, of this place, during his life time, had in his possession an account of monies expended by Messrs. Samuel Haight and Stephen Brown, in building the meeting-house in Peekskill. Total expenditure jQt>11 ^s, id, Dated Peekskill, 13th Sept., 1799.

About the year 1 8 1 3 a division in the church at Yorktown, then under the pastoral care of Rev. Silas Constant, gave rise to the organization known as the Independent church. The Independent Presbyterian congregation of Peekskill was incorporated on September 29th, 1813,6 with John Lent, John Constant and Samuel Strang, as trustees. The building in which they worshipped, was familiarly known as the church on the hill," and situated near the residence of the late Charles A Lee, M. D., on Diven street, was taken down about 1844."

The first Presbyterian ministry of which we have any authentic record was that of the celebrated William Tennent, who labored in Fast Chester and Bedford for some months between the years 17 18 and 1721," but there is no proof that he ever officiated here. Some years later, Rev. Samuel Sackett was sent by the Presbytery of New Brunswick to preach in West Chester County. The special field of labor assigned him was Cortlandt Manor, embracing Yorktown, Cortlandtown, North Salem and Somers. There is little doubt that he preached occasionally in this village. His ministry of forty-two years (i742-'84) was chiefly confined to Yorktown and Bedford." " He died on the fifth day of July, 1784; at the age of seventy-two years," and was buried in the cemetery of Crompond or Yorktown.

Samuel Sackett was sent by the Presbytery of New Brunswick to preach in West Chester County. The special field of labor assigned him was Cortlandt Manor, embracing Yorktown, Cortlandtown, North Salem and Somers. There is little doubt that he preached occasionally in this village. His ministry of forty-two years (i742-'84) was chiefly confined to Yorktown and Bedford." " He died on the fifth day of July, 1784; at the age of seventy-two years," and was buried in the cemetery of Crompond or Yorktown.

"The Rev. Abner Brundage, who came to Peekskill in May, 181 5, ssys that there were at that time in the village, from Mr. John Oppie's,

a Relic. Soc. Lib. B. SO, 82.

b Co. Ree. Religious Soc. Lib. a. pp. 102, 1SS.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

where Mr. John W. Hait now lives, to Captain Requa's, just one hundred buildings of all kinds. At that time the Presbyterians had two places of worship, one on South street, where the first Presbyterian church now stands, the other on the hill north of Main street, to which we have already alluded, but no organization. In May, 181 6, a church of seventy-five members was formed, with Mr. Brundage as pastor, and John Lent, deacon, and Ezra Lockwood, as officers; when Mr. Brundage resigned his charge in 181 9, the church numbered over a hundred members. Some years later the influence of a large congregational element from Connecticut gave great dissatisfaction to some who preferred the faith and government of the Presbyterian church, and in 1826 a division took place. Those who remained were finally merged into the Dutch Reformed Church. Those who withdrew founded the present Presbyterian Society." We give the details of the organization in the words of the first entry that appears upon the record of the session :

Some years later the influence of a large congregational element from Connecticut gave great dissatisfaction to some who preferred the faith and government of the Presbyterian church, and in 1826 a division took place. Those who remained were finally merged into the Dutch Reformed Church. Those who withdrew founded the present Presbyterian Society." We give the details of the organization in the words of the first entry that appears upon the record of the session :

" The Presbyterian church in the town of Peekskill was organized June 25th, in the year of our Lord 1826, by the Rev. ElihuW. Baldwin, of the Presbytery of New York, according to the book of discipline of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America." It consisted at the time of its organization of sixteen members, viz : Benjamin Illingworth, an Elder of the Presbyterian church in Yorktown, with a letter of dismission from the same; Daniel Merritt, Nancy Conklin, Elizabeth Oakley, Elizabeth Campbell, Ann Conklin, Caroline Strang, Mahala Gilbert, Rebecca Hawes, Maria Jones, Jemima Brown, Sarah Dusenberry, Mary Oakley, Rachel Buskirk, Ann Budd and Susan Shaw, being a succession of members from the Independent Congregational church in Peekskill. Benjamin Illingworth and Daniel Merritt were elected elders." " In October of the same year, the church became connected with the Presbytery of New York, and at the same time extended a call to the Rev. John H. Leggett, then a member of the Second Presbytery of New York. The call was accepted and Mr. Leggett was installed first pastor of this church on December 14th, 1826. This pastorate continued three years, and was marked by a gradual increase in the number of communicants. Ten were added to the church under his ministry, seven on profession of faith and three by certificate, making a total of twenty-six; which was reduced to twenty-four by the death of one member, and the dismissal of another.

Leggett, then a member of the Second Presbytery of New York. The call was accepted and Mr. Leggett was installed first pastor of this church on December 14th, 1826. This pastorate continued three years, and was marked by a gradual increase in the number of communicants. Ten were added to the church under his ministry, seven on profession of faith and three by certificate, making a total of twenty-six; which was reduced to twenty-four by the death of one member, and the dismissal of another. Mr. Leggett died on the 31st day of May, 1873.

In 1S29 the Presbyter}' of Bedford was organized and the church at Peekskill fell under its care, but soon obtained permission to return to the Presbytery of New York.

HISTORY OF TUN COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

The next pastor was the Rev. William Marshall, a native of Scotland, who entered upon his duties in the spring of 1831. His pastorate ceased in the fall of 1843. During his ministry the church was transferred by Synod from the Presbytery of New York, to the second Presbytery of New York. The total membership at the close of his ministry was thirty-four. Mr. Marshall died in October, 1865. To his ability and faithfulness, Dr. Halliday, his successor, bears this testimony: -- " Few men have led a more blameless life, a life of more exemplary piety. He had the respect and the affectionate regard of all his brethren in the ministry. They looked upon him as one of the best, and in some respects, as one of the most gifted among them. While he was not popular as a preacher, he was yet an able and excellent sermonizer. He had great strength and fertility of mind, and many of his written discourses are marked by decided intellectual superiority. He was an evangelical preacher.

He had the respect and the affectionate regard of all his brethren in the ministry. They looked upon him as one of the best, and in some respects, as one of the most gifted among them. While he was not popular as a preacher, he was yet an able and excellent sermonizer. He had great strength and fertility of mind, and many of his written discourses are marked by decided intellectual superiority. He was an evangelical preacher. He preached plain truth. He dwelt much on the great cardinal doctrines of the Bible, apportioning them and applying them with wisdom and with unction. He was not left without witness. The leaven of his influence was felt, and is still felt for good in this church. Its growth and prosperity are (under God), due in some considerable measure to his labors."

During the ministry of Mr. Marshall, unfortunate dissensions sprung up in the church, which resulted, in 1841, in the withdrawal of nine members, who, together with two members from the second Congregational church of New London, Conn., were organized into a church on Nov. 17th, 1 841, by the Presbytery of North River, and became the second Presbyterian church of Peekskill, in connection with the New School assembly. They began public worship on Sunday, Nov. 21st, 1841, in the old Methodist church on South street. Services were conducted by the Rev. Daniel Brown. Within a few years a church edifice was erected and was dedicated on April 9th, 1845. In 1870, the building was enlarged and rebuilt.

Marshall, unfortunate dissensions sprung up in the church, which resulted, in 1841, in the withdrawal of nine members, who, together with two members from the second Congregational church of New London, Conn., were organized into a church on Nov. 17th, 1 841, by the Presbytery of North River, and became the second Presbyterian church of Peekskill, in connection with the New School assembly. They began public worship on Sunday, Nov. 21st, 1841, in the old Methodist church on South street. Services were conducted by the Rev. Daniel Brown. Within a few years a church edifice was erected and was dedicated on April 9th, 1845. In 1870, the building was enlarged and rebuilt.

Soon after the resignation of Mr. Marshall a call was extended by the First church to Rev. D. M. Halliday, then pastor of a large and flourishing church at Danville, Pa. The call was accepted by him, and on Nov. 1 st, 1843, he was installed by a committee of the Second Presbytery of New York." "In 1846 the original church edifice, then nearly half a century old, was removed to make way for another of twice its size. Twelve years later, in 1S58, an extension of thirty feet, including the present lecture room, was added -- making the present dimensions forty feet by ninety, instead of forty by sixty. The dimensions of the original edifice, were thirty by forty."

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

Dr. Halliday's pastorate was of unusual length, extending over a period of twenty-four years. The membership had increased five fold to what it had been. Mr. Halliday was compelled by the impaired state of his health to resign Oct 20th, 1S67, and is now residing at Princeton, N. J.

Twelve years later, in 1S58, an extension of thirty feet, including the present lecture room, was added -- making the present dimensions forty feet by ninety, instead of forty by sixty. The dimensions of the original edifice, were thirty by forty."

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

Dr. Halliday's pastorate was of unusual length, extending over a period of twenty-four years. The membership had increased five fold to what it had been. Mr. Halliday was compelled by the impaired state of his health to resign Oct 20th, 1S67, and is now residing at Princeton, N. J.

For some time after the resignation of Dr. Halliday, the pulpit remained vacant; finally, in April, 186S, Rev. John N. Freeman, then a student in Princeton Theological Seminary, was tendered a unanimous call, which he accepted -- and on the .14th day of May, following, he was ordained and installed by the Second Presbytery of New York.

After a pastorate of nearly eight years, Mr. Freeman resigned Jan. 5th, 1S76, and was dismissed to the Presbytery of Niagara, and not long after was installed pastor of the church at Lockport, New York.

On the 10th day of April, 1876, a call was presented to the present pastor, the Rev. J. Ritchie Smith, who was installed on the 26th day of June, 1876.

This church, since 21st day of June, 1870, has remained under the care of the Presbytery of Westchester.

Toward the close of Mr. Haliday's ministry, a lot had been secured immediately opposite the church, at a cost of $3,750, for the erection of a parsonage. In the spring of 1870, the building was completed, at an additional cost of $9,800, and is considered one of the handsomest and most convenient mansions along the line of the river.

This church, since 21st day of June, 1870, has remained under the care of the Presbytery of Westchester.

Toward the close of Mr. Haliday's ministry, a lot had been secured immediately opposite the church, at a cost of $3,750, for the erection of a parsonage. In the spring of 1870, the building was completed, at an additional cost of $9,800, and is considered one of the handsomest and most convenient mansions along the line of the river.

The fiftieth anniversary of the organization of this church was celebrated on Sunday, June 25th, 1876, on which occasion an historical discourse was delivered by the Rev. J. Ritchie Smith, pastor elect. a

In the cemetery adjoining the church, are monuments to Capt. Isaac Conklin, who departed this life, January 13th, 1815, aged 68 years; Zebulon Philips and Samuel Strang, M. D., and others. There are also inclosures belonging to the Brown, Bedle and Rundle families, in which numerous interments have been made.

The second Presbyterian church of Peekskill, is located on the corner of South and Union streets. This society was organized Nov. 17th, 1841, and the first structure was erected A. D. 1845, and dedicated to the service of God, 9th of April, 1S45 ; the society was incorporated by its present name, July 29th, 1846. In 1870 the church edifice was enlarged and rebuilt. The first pastor was the Rev. Daniel Brown, who was installed May 4th, 1842, and who died November 8th, 1S46, and was succeeded by the Rev. Livingston Willard, April 15th, 1847.

This society was organized Nov. 17th, 1841, and the first structure was erected A. D. 1845, and dedicated to the service of God, 9th of April, 1S45 ; the society was incorporated by its present name, July 29th, 1846. In 1870 the church edifice was enlarged and rebuilt. The first pastor was the Rev. Daniel Brown, who was installed May 4th, 1842, and who died November 8th, 1S46, and was succeeded by the Rev. Livingston Willard, April 15th, 1847.

o For mnch of the foregoinclustory of this chnrch, we are greatly indebted to the semicentennial anniversary of the Presbyterian church of Peekskill, N. "Y.. bv Rev. J. Ritchie Smith. Printed at Peekskill, N. Y. The Highland Democratic St tarn Print, 1SI&

150 . HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

The Baptist society must have been established here at an early date; this appears from the following document, entitled an agreement made the 17th day of December, A. D. 1772, by and between the subscribers, as follows, to wit: --

Whereas the society of people called Baptists, by way of voluntary subscription, have lately erected and built a house of public worship at or near a place called Peekskill, in the manor of Cortlandt, and as there is not as yet a sufficient sum of money raised to pay for the building said house, we the subscribers do agree upon and appoint Caleb Hall, of the said manor of Cortlandt, to hire a sum of money sufficient to pay the deficiency; and we jointly and severally promise and oblige ourselves, our heirs, executors and administrators, to nay to the said Caleb Hall, his executors or administrators, one equal part of the sum that he shall so hire, according to the proportion of our first subscription : Provided that if there shall be money raised by way of subscription, sufficient to pay the cost laid out in building said house, that the money so hired shall be paid out of the same.

Whereas the society of people called Baptists, by way of voluntary subscription, have lately erected and built a house of public worship at or near a place called Peekskill, in the manor of Cortlandt, and as there is not as yet a sufficient sum of money raised to pay for the building said house, we the subscribers do agree upon and appoint Caleb Hall, of the said manor of Cortlandt, to hire a sum of money sufficient to pay the deficiency; and we jointly and severally promise and oblige ourselves, our heirs, executors and administrators, to nay to the said Caleb Hall, his executors or administrators, one equal part of the sum that he shall so hire, according to the proportion of our first subscription : Provided that if there shall be money raised by way of subscription, sufficient to pay the cost laid out in building said house, that the money so hired shall be paid out of the same. In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands.

Caleb Hall, Sen., John Poun,

Isaac Horton, Sen., Joshua Ilorton,

Daniel Hall, Caleb Hall, Jr.,

Richard Williams, Xathan Brown,

Xathau Elliott, Oliver Yeomans.

The first Baptist church stood near Gen. Pierre Van Cortlandt's, directly on the spot now occupied by the district school-house.

The present society was organized La 1843, under the style and title of the First Baptist Church of Peekskill. The meeting-house, which is valued at $3,400, was erected August, 1847, and dedicated the 8th of April, 1847, to the service of Almighty God. On this occasion the Rev. W. R. Williams, D.D., delivered the dedicatory sermon. This church belongs to the senior Baptist association. U'>cn the 31st of October, 1843, the Rev. Edward Conover, was duly elected pastor; this individual was succeeded, November 25, 1844, by the Rev.

The present society was organized La 1843, under the style and title of the First Baptist Church of Peekskill. The meeting-house, which is valued at $3,400, was erected August, 1847, and dedicated the 8th of April, 1847, to the service of Almighty God. On this occasion the Rev. W. R. Williams, D.D., delivered the dedicatory sermon. This church belongs to the senior Baptist association. U'>cn the 31st of October, 1843, the Rev. Edward Conover, was duly elected pastor; this individual was succeeded, November 25, 1844, by the Rev. C. C. Williams. The present pastor is the Rev. P. Buel, who commenced his ministrations 23d August, 1846. The communicants belonging to this church average forty.

The Baptist burying-ground is situated north of the Episcopal yard. Here is a memorial to Caleb Hall, who died October 1st, 1791, aged 91 years, beside other monuments.

The Methodist Episcopal church in Peekskill, was first incorporated 2d August, 180S; Bethune Washburne, Gilbert Weeks and John Spock, trustees.™ The Methodist society must have been in existence, however, sometime previous to the above incorporation; for on the 26th of

o Religious Soc. Lib. A. p, 102

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

February, 1795, we find John Drake and Catharine, his wife, conveying three-quarters of an acre of land in this place to William Hallock, Thomas Clark, William Weeks, Abraham Travis and Stephen Newby, managers of the Methodist society. The present church edifice, erected A.D., 1837, occupies the site of a still older building, erected in 181 1 : to it is attached a small grave-yard. The communicants of this church number two hundred.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

February, 1795, we find John Drake and Catharine, his wife, conveying three-quarters of an acre of land in this place to William Hallock, Thomas Clark, William Weeks, Abraham Travis and Stephen Newby, managers of the Methodist society. The present church edifice, erected A.D., 1837, occupies the site of a still older building, erected in 181 1 : to it is attached a small grave-yard. The communicants of this church number two hundred.

The Protestant Methodist society was first established here in 1827, and incorporated 23d November, 1836; John Spock, William R. Steel and Thomas Blackney, trustees.0

The Wesleyan or Primitive Methodists originally belonged to the old Methodist society, from which body they seceded in 1839. Their first pastor was the Rev. John Miles. The church edifice was erected in 1839, and incorporated A.D. 1842.

The society of Friends was first organized here in 1804, and the oldest house erected in 181 1, upon land given for that purpose by Nathaniel Brown, Esq.

The Roman Catholic church of the assumption stands at the corner of Union and First streets, the pastor of which is the Rev. Father William P. Flannelly. The Roman Catholic Institutions are the Franciscan Convent, which was established about nine years ago, and is situated on the banks of the Hudson near the Rail Road Depot. At present there are about thirty sisters connected with the institution, who conduct a school known at the Academy of Our Lady of Angels. The object of the community is teaching the children of the poor and caring for he sick. The grounds are tastefully laid out and the improvements consist of a chapel and new convent, the cost of which was about $30,000.

The Roman Catholic Institutions are the Franciscan Convent, which was established about nine years ago, and is situated on the banks of the Hudson near the Rail Road Depot. At present there are about thirty sisters connected with the institution, who conduct a school known at the Academy of Our Lady of Angels. The object of the community is teaching the children of the poor and caring for he sick. The grounds are tastefully laid out and the improvements consist of a chapel and new convent, the cost of which was about $30,000.

The Boland farm was purchased by the directors of the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum with money devised by Captain Boland for the purpose of providing a country home for orphan children, and to remain under the same management as the asylum in New York city. The object of the institution is to maintain and instruct the children until suitable homes are found for them. The farm is located on the Cortlandtville road, on the outskirts of the village, and the improvements consist of a large brick building for class-room, domitorics, workroom, etc. The amount of the bequest was $50,000.

Mount Florence was purchased by the Sisters of the Good Shepherd for the purpose of establishing a novitiate for their order. The number of sisters is at present seven. This novitiate is intended for the training

a Religious Soc. Lib. B. p. 4T.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

of sisters for their future labor in caring for and reforming those of their own sex who have fallen from virtue.

The amount of the bequest was $50,000.

Mount Florence was purchased by the Sisters of the Good Shepherd for the purpose of establishing a novitiate for their order. The number of sisters is at present seven. This novitiate is intended for the training

a Religious Soc. Lib. B. p. 4T.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

of sisters for their future labor in caring for and reforming those of their own sex who have fallen from virtue.

One of the most interesting objects in the village of Peekskill, is the old Birdsall residence, situated directly opposite the Bank. This house, during the American Revolution, was occupied occasionally by General Washington as head-quarters when the army happened to be stationed here. In this time honored mansion the visitor is still shown the sleeping apartments of Washington, and his noble companion in arms -- La Fayette. The furniture occupies nearly the same position as at that day, and the old clock still marks the passing hour as it did seventyseven years ago. The colored woman who waited upon the illustrious visitors, died in 1844. The Rev. George Whitfield also preached in one of the parlors.

The Village landing is pleasantly situated at the foot of a high bank, commanding a fine view of Peekskill Bay, the Dunderbarrach, Rahway Hook, and the entrance to the Highlands; directly opposite is Caldwell's Landing, in Rockland county, with which the Westchester shore is connected by a ferry. Across this ferry the American troops were frequently transported during the Revolution. In the vicinity of the landing there was formerly a silver mine in operation; the following register of its discovery occurs in the Secretary of State's office :

The Village landing is pleasantly situated at the foot of a high bank, commanding a fine view of Peekskill Bay, the Dunderbarrach, Rahway Hook, and the entrance to the Highlands; directly opposite is Caldwell's Landing, in Rockland county, with which the Westchester shore is connected by a ferry. Across this ferry the American troops were frequently transported during the Revolution. In the vicinity of the landing there was formerly a silver mine in operation; the following register of its discovery occurs in the Secretary of State's office :

No 8 Name of Discoverer. In which County. Recorded. Book. Page. Gilbert Weeks. W. C. Co., town of March 16, 26. 190.

Cortlandt, within a 1796. quarter of a mile of Peekskill Landing, on the north side of McGregory's brook 6ilver ore.

Numerous minerals are also found in this neighborhood, such as Epidote, Garnet, &c. Sphene is said to have been discovered near Peekskill in an aggregate of quartz. Sulphate of barytes exists in the region of Anthony's Nose.

Gregory's brook (sometimes called Magrigarie's creek,) rises in Magrigarie's pond, a few miles east of the village. This rapid stream, after flowing through a deep and wooded glen, empties into the Hudson near the landing place.

The romantic hills which abound in the immediate vicinity of Peekskill are many of them connected with stirring events during the revolutionary war. Among the most prominent is Gallows Hill, famous as the spot where the spy Palmer was executed by order .of General Putnam,

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

Gregory's brook (sometimes called Magrigarie's creek,) rises in Magrigarie's pond, a few miles east of the village. This rapid stream, after flowing through a deep and wooded glen, empties into the Hudson near the landing place.

The romantic hills which abound in the immediate vicinity of Peekskill are many of them connected with stirring events during the revolutionary war. Among the most prominent is Gallows Hill, famous as the spot where the spy Palmer was executed by order .of General Putnam,

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

whose laconic reply to Sir Henry Clinton, the British commander, deserves an enduring record. It appears that Clinton had sent up a flag of truce from New York, demanding the release of Edmund Palmer, his lieutenant, who had been detected as a spy in the American camp. The brief and emphatic answer of Putnam runs thus :

"Head Quarters, 7th August, 1777.

" Sir : Edmund Palmer, an officer in the enemy's service, was taken as a spy lurking within the American lines. He has been tried as a spy, condemned as a spy, and shall be executed as a spy ; and the flag is ordered to depart immediately. Israel Putnam."

" P. S. -- He has been accordingly executed."

From this circumstance the hill derived its present appellation. The story of Palmer's sad fate is thus graphically described in the republican paper of Peekskill : --

" Iu the summer of the year 1780, and for some time preceding and following, on the southern and eastern sides of the hill, and along the rich valley which lies at its base, was quartered a division of the American army under the command of Gen. Putnam. Disaffection and treachery prevailed on every side ; men there were who from fear or from other base causes, refused to take part on the side of virtue and patriotism, and remaiued as neutrals, wavering between each part)', and acting as their personal safety seemed most to require.

" Iu the summer of the year 1780, and for some time preceding and following, on the southern and eastern sides of the hill, and along the rich valley which lies at its base, was quartered a division of the American army under the command of Gen. Putnam. Disaffection and treachery prevailed on every side ; men there were who from fear or from other base causes, refused to take part on the side of virtue and patriotism, and remaiued as neutrals, wavering between each part)', and acting as their personal safety seemed most to require. Many, calling themselves Whigs, were constantly endeavoring by covert means to blast the hopes and discourage the gallant few who were struggling at the side of liberty, by giving to their enemies that information of their situation and prospects which they had obtained by the most abject treachery. To destroy these evils required the greatest vigilance and severity on the part of the American commander. Early one mornimg, in the month of August, a party of the militia, three in number, brought a young man by the name of Palmer, whom they had taken on suspicion of his being a spy and having enlisting orders from Tryon, the British general then commanding iu New York. The enormity of his offence was such that if proved, it demanded the most vigorous punishment. A court martial was therefore immediately convened, and from the circumstances given to the court by those who arrested him, and the evidence of many of the country people, who gave an unfavorable account of his conduct, he was convicted and sentenced to be executed as a spy.

Early one mornimg, in the month of August, a party of the militia, three in number, brought a young man by the name of Palmer, whom they had taken on suspicion of his being a spy and having enlisting orders from Tryon, the British general then commanding iu New York. The enormity of his offence was such that if proved, it demanded the most vigorous punishment. A court martial was therefore immediately convened, and from the circumstances given to the court by those who arrested him, and the evidence of many of the country people, who gave an unfavorable account of his conduct, he was convicted and sentenced to be executed as a spy.

" The prisoner was a young man of athletic form, and possessed elegant attainments, had a wife and children then residing in Yorktown, the place of his nativity, and was connected with some of the most respectable families of West Chester. The most urgent intercessions were immediately made to obtain his release, but in vain ; the stern justice of Putnam was not to be overcome by any feelings of pity. The British general wrote a letter to the American commander, demanding his prisoner, and threatening him with vengeance if a compliance with his demand was not immediately acceded to ; but he received for answer that the prisoner was " taken as a spy, tried as a spy, convicted as a spy, and that he should be hung as a spy." Here the matter rested until the morning previous to

The most urgent intercessions were immediately made to obtain his release, but in vain ; the stern justice of Putnam was not to be overcome by any feelings of pity. The British general wrote a letter to the American commander, demanding his prisoner, and threatening him with vengeance if a compliance with his demand was not immediately acceded to ; but he received for answer that the prisoner was " taken as a spy, tried as a spy, convicted as a spy, and that he should be hung as a spy." Here the matter rested until the morning previous to

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

his execution -when the wife of Palmer presented herself before the commanding office r in his tent. She had come there with her child in her arms, to throw herself with humble submission at the foot of the man who by word, she thought, could relieve her aching heart of its load of misery. In the artless aud winning eloquence of a bursting heart, she represented to him the awful situation in which she would be placed should the fearful sentence that had been passed upon her husband be carried into effect. She implored him, by every tie of affection that bound two young hearts together-- for the sake of the infant she pressed to her bosom, who, if left fatherless, would wander through the world disgraced and au orphan -- by his own feelings as a father and a husband, to have mercy on him who was all to her the world could bestow. Her tears, her deep distress and hei- passionate exclamations fell deep into the heart of the war-worn soldier ; but they did not alter his stern resolve. With a dignity of purpose and a countenance that told how intense were the feelings then glowing within him, he told her he must die.

She implored him, by every tie of affection that bound two young hearts together-- for the sake of the infant she pressed to her bosom, who, if left fatherless, would wander through the world disgraced and au orphan -- by his own feelings as a father and a husband, to have mercy on him who was all to her the world could bestow. Her tears, her deep distress and hei- passionate exclamations fell deep into the heart of the war-worn soldier ; but they did not alter his stern resolve. With a dignity of purpose and a countenance that told how intense were the feelings then glowing within him, he told her he must die. Insensible she was carried from his presence and conveyed back to her friends. The following morning, at the hour appointed for his execution, on an enclosed spot of ground near the summit, on the eastern side of the hill, was seen a gallows rudely constructed of logs with a rope appended hereto. The trees and fences were rilled with men, women and children who had come far and near to witness the awful scene ; and the prisoner was led out to the appointed spot where his last view of the world was taken, and prepare his mind for its sudden transit into eternity. It is but just to say. that whether hung guilty or innocent, he met his fate with the fortitude of a man. The body, after being suspended a suitable time, was taken down and given to Lis trieuds for interment."

The trees and fences were rilled with men, women and children who had come far and near to witness the awful scene ; and the prisoner was led out to the appointed spot where his last view of the world was taken, and prepare his mind for its sudden transit into eternity. It is but just to say. that whether hung guilty or innocent, he met his fate with the fortitude of a man. The body, after being suspended a suitable time, was taken down and given to Lis trieuds for interment."

Such is the story of Gallows Hill. The sad fabric of logs which had been raised for his execution remained standing for several years after the war, an object of dread and superstition to the more ignorant of the country people whose daily avocations compelled them to pass it."

The summit of Gallows Hill embraces a fine view of the river, the scenery of the race and surrounding country. The remains of Fort Look Out are situated on the adjoining hill. During the revolutionary contest, the village of Peekskill appears to have suffered severely from the enemy's incursions. " Before the British army took the field, for the third campaign of 1777, (says Mr. Smith) two enterprizes for the destruction of American stores were undertaken. Col. Bird landed with about 500 men at Peekskill, March 23, fifty miles from New York. The few Americans who were stationed as a guard at this place, on the approach of the British, fired the principal store-houses and retired. The loss of the provisions was considerable."6 " September, 1777, the enemy came out on both sides of the Hudson simultaneously in considerable force, consisting from two to three thousand men, on which occasion

Smith) two enterprizes for the destruction of American stores were undertaken. Col. Bird landed with about 500 men at Peekskill, March 23, fifty miles from New York. The few Americans who were stationed as a guard at this place, on the approach of the British, fired the principal store-houses and retired. The loss of the provisions was considerable."6 " September, 1777, the enemy came out on both sides of the Hudson simultaneously in considerable force, consisting from two to three thousand men, on which occasion

a Westchester and Putnam Republican, vasty 14th, 1S33. b Military Repository, by Charles Smith.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

the American barracks and store-houses, and the whole village of Peekskill 'was sacked and burnt and the country pillaged."" The Weekly Mercury of Feb. 16th, 1778, (published by Hugh Gaines,) contains a letter from Commodore Hotham to Vice Admiral Lord Viscount Howe which by his lordship was transmitted to all ships in service, &c, dated on board his Majesty's ship the Preston, lying off Peekskill creek. . Major Burr was stationed at Peekskill on the 21st July, 1777, when he received a lieutenant colonel's commission in the continental army, and from this place the traitor Arnold likewise received his appointment to West Point, dated August the 3d, 1780.

In the village of Peekskill was born John Paulding, one of the American farmers who intercepted Andre the British spy, at Tarrytown, some fifteen miles below this place. For his services on this occasion the State presented him with a farm situated within the town of Cortlandt. The property now belongs to Jacob Strang.

Major Burr was stationed at Peekskill on the 21st July, 1777, when he received a lieutenant colonel's commission in the continental army, and from this place the traitor Arnold likewise received his appointment to West Point, dated August the 3d, 1780.

In the village of Peekskill was born John Paulding, one of the American farmers who intercepted Andre the British spy, at Tarrytown, some fifteen miles below this place. For his services on this occasion the State presented him with a farm situated within the town of Cortlandt. The property now belongs to Jacob Strang.

The following abstract is taken from a deed given by Samuel Dodge, Daniel Graham, and John Hotham, commissioners of foreitures for the middle district of New York, to John Paulding, of Cortlandt Manor :

" For and in consideration of the services John Paulding, of Cortlandt Manor, in the County of Westchester, hath rendered his country, in apprehending and securing the British deputy adjutant Gen. Major Andre, who was returning to New York after having in the character of a spy concerted measures with the infamous Benedict Arnold, then commanding at the posts in the Highlands, for betraying the said posts into the hands of the enemy, and for his virtue in refusing a large sum of money offered by the said Major Andre as a bribe to permit, him to escape ; and for and in consideration of the sum of five shillings lawful money of the State of New York, and for the further sum of twenty-five pounds ten shillings like lawful money of the said State, by the said John Paulding paid into the treasury of the said State, the said commissioners by virtue of the powers and authorities in and by the several acts to them given, hath by their deed bearing date on the 16th day of June, 1783, granted and sold unto the said John Paulding all that certain tract or parcel of land, situated in the manor of Cortlandt, in said county of Westchester, and State aforesaid, now in possession of said John Paulding, and is commonly known by lot No. 14 in great lot No. 1, containing 100 acres.

Major Andre, who was returning to New York after having in the character of a spy concerted measures with the infamous Benedict Arnold, then commanding at the posts in the Highlands, for betraying the said posts into the hands of the enemy, and for his virtue in refusing a large sum of money offered by the said Major Andre as a bribe to permit, him to escape ; and for and in consideration of the sum of five shillings lawful money of the State of New York, and for the further sum of twenty-five pounds ten shillings like lawful money of the said State, by the said John Paulding paid into the treasury of the said State, the said commissioners by virtue of the powers and authorities in and by the several acts to them given, hath by their deed bearing date on the 16th day of June, 1783, granted and sold unto the said John Paulding all that certain tract or parcel of land, situated in the manor of Cortlandt, in said county of Westchester, and State aforesaid, now in possession of said John Paulding, and is commonly known by lot No. 14 in great lot No. 1, containing 100 acres.

"Also, another tract, part of farm No. 13. in great north lot No. 1. containing 21 acres. Also, another part of farm No. 13, in great lot No. 1, and is part of the land which Palatiah Haws purchased for Thomas Lee in Magragaria swamp, 10 acres. Also, another part of farm No. 15, a part of great north lot No. 1, 37 acres."&

"Also, another tract, part of farm No. 13. in great north lot No. 1. containing 21 acres. Also, another part of farm No. 13, in great lot No. 1, and is part of the land which Palatiah Haws purchased for Thomas Lee in Magragaria swamp, 10 acres. Also, another part of farm No. 15, a part of great north lot No. 1, 37 acres."&

a Burr's Mem., Vol 1. 180.

b County Rec. RegUter's Office, abstract of gales, p. 137.

156 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

16S acres, 16 rods of lands, appraised for Gratuity allowed by law

£529 10 0 500 0 0

Excess from liini received,

£29 10 0

John Paulding died on the 18th of February, 1818. A few minutes before the Patriot expired, he called Dr. Fountain, (his medical attendant,) to the bedside, and thus addressed him: -- "Doctor, please tell all those who ask after me, that I die a true republican." Paulding's remains repose beneath a handsome monument in the Episcopal graveyard, two miles north of the village.

Upon the north side of Gallows Hill, by the road side leading from Peekskill to Albany, is situated the "Soldier's Spring," which derived its name from the following tragical incident: --

"The British who were iu possession of Stony Point, and whose shipping lay m the bay of Haverstraw, resolved upon landing a portion of their men on Yerplanck's Point, a ad from thence make a descent upon Peekskill. Their object in this expedition was to procure fresh provisions and to awake the energies of the Americans who were encamped in the village and in various places among the hills in the vicinity. In accordance with this resolve they effected a landing and proceeded without opposition to Drum Hill, an eminence that overlooks the village near its southern boundry.

"The British who were iu possession of Stony Point, and whose shipping lay m the bay of Haverstraw, resolved upon landing a portion of their men on Yerplanck's Point, a ad from thence make a descent upon Peekskill. Their object in this expedition was to procure fresh provisions and to awake the energies of the Americans who were encamped in the village and in various places among the hills in the vicinity. In accordance with this resolve they effected a landing and proceeded without opposition to Drum Hill, an eminence that overlooks the village near its southern boundry. Here they commenced cannonading with two small field pieces which they had brought with them, while their light troops entered the village by another road higher Up the river. The Americans unprepared, and withal too weak to resist so formidable a foe, were obliged after a short resistance to fly to the interrior. Their enemies from the commanding points which they occupied, kept up a constant firing upon them as they sought the various avenues of retreat. It was at this period that a soldier in his flight stopped for a monent to refresh himself at the spring. While on his hands and knees in the act of drinking, a ball which struck ou au eminence above him, glanced obliquely, and descending the road with rapid bounds, finished its course by shattering the thigh of the exhausted soldier, and burying itself iu the ground beyond. Unable to move, he lay bleeding and in agony, until a wagon filled with provisions hastily collected by a bold and resolute man ere they left the scene of commotion, passing by, he was perceived by those who followed after, who immediately picked him up and placed him thereon. They conveyed him as far as Fishkill village, nineteen miles distant ; but loss of blood and the fatigue of his journey, prostrated the powers of nature, and though he received surgical aid, survived but a few hours."0

Unable to move, he lay bleeding and in agony, until a wagon filled with provisions hastily collected by a bold and resolute man ere they left the scene of commotion, passing by, he was perceived by those who followed after, who immediately picked him up and placed him thereon. They conveyed him as far as Fishkill village, nineteen miles distant ; but loss of blood and the fatigue of his journey, prostrated the powers of nature, and though he received surgical aid, survived but a few hours."0

A short distance north of Peekskill is Cortlandtville ; here is located the property and residence formerly of Gen. Pierre Van Cortlandt, now owned and occupied by James Robertson. The former occupant derived his title to this portion of the manor from his brother Gilbert, heir of his grand-aunt Mrs. Gertmde Beekman. The old brick mansion,

o Westchester and Putuain Republican, August, 1S3S.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

erected A.D. 1773, occupies a very sequestered arid romantic spot on the north side of the post road, immediately above Peekskill Hollow. At one period of the Revolution it was occupied by the American commander-in-chief, as head-quarters. Here, too, the Van Cortlandt family for some time found a safe asylum amid surrounding desolation.

In this house General McDougal posted his advanced guard, when the British took possession of Peekskill, March, 1777. The following account of the subsequent engagement with the enemy, is extracted from the Connecticut Journal of April 2d, 1777:

"Fishkill, March 27- -- Our post at Peck's-kill, since the removal of the militia of the eastern States has been, in a maimer, iu a defenceless situation ; there being o. ly part of two regiments stationed there, under the care of Gen McDougal, amounting to about 250 men. The enemy having received intelligence of tins formed an expedition thither, with a view to take or destroy the stores belonging to the continentals, that were deposited there.

"Fishkill, March 27- -- Our post at Peck's-kill, since the removal of the militia of the eastern States has been, in a maimer, iu a defenceless situation ; there being o. ly part of two regiments stationed there, under the care of Gen McDougal, amounting to about 250 men. The enemy having received intelligence of tins formed an expedition thither, with a view to take or destroy the stores belonging to the continentals, that were deposited there. Accordingly, on Sunday last they appeared with a frigate, four transports and several other small vessels in the bay, and landed about 1000 men, with several pieces of cannon.

"General McDougal not thinking it prudent to hazard a battle with such an unequal force, and not having reasonable advice of the enemy's movement, was under the necessity of destroying their stores in order to prevent their falling into their hands, and retired about two miles into the pass in the highlands, carrying with hkn his baggage and military stores, his advanced guards being stationed at Cortlandt's house in the valley. The enemy, the same da}-, took possession of the village, and remained close in their quarters until the next day in the afternoon, when a party of them, consisting of about 200 men, possessed themselves of a height a little south of Cortlandt's. The general having received a reinforcement from % Col. Gansevoort's regiment, of about 80 men, under the command of Lieut. Colonel Willet, permitted them to attempt to dispossess the enemy from that eminence. Col. Willet having accordingly made the necessary disposition, advanced withliis small party with the greatest firmness and resolution, and made the attack. The enemy instantly fled, with the greatest precipitation, leaving three men dead on the field; and the whole body, panic struck, betook themselves to their shipping, embarking under cover of the night -- and by the last accounts, they had sailed down the river. .Before they embarked, they gave out they intended to Stop at Tarrytown on their way down, and attempt to destroy our magazine of forage at Wright's mills.

Willet having accordingly made the necessary disposition, advanced withliis small party with the greatest firmness and resolution, and made the attack. The enemy instantly fled, with the greatest precipitation, leaving three men dead on the field; and the whole body, panic struck, betook themselves to their shipping, embarking under cover of the night -- and by the last accounts, they had sailed down the river. .Before they embarked, they gave out they intended to Stop at Tarrytown on their way down, and attempt to destroy our magazine of forage at Wright's mills. Upon their evacuating the place, Gen. McDougal took possession of his former quarters, and detached a party of men to watch their motions. The enemy on this occasion have been exceedingly disappointed, as they have not been able to carry off any stores left behind by our men, and no other flock than about forty sheep and eight or ten head of cattle, with which they were supplied by our good friends the tories. Never did troops exhibit more firmness and resolution than did our army on this occasion. Notwithstanding the disparity of numbers was great, and the measure absolutely necessary, it was with the utmost reluctance they retired to the pass. As usual, these heroes of Britain have burnt so.:.e houses, plundered the inhabitants of what they could conveniently take with

158 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

them, frightened the women and children, and raised the spirits of their tory hrethren in that quarter; but which, alas, as is always the case when unnaturally elevated, are now again proportionally depressed."

Notwithstanding the disparity of numbers was great, and the measure absolutely necessary, it was with the utmost reluctance they retired to the pass. As usual, these heroes of Britain have burnt so.:.e houses, plundered the inhabitants of what they could conveniently take with

158 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

them, frightened the women and children, and raised the spirits of their tory hrethren in that quarter; but which, alas, as is always the case when unnaturally elevated, are now again proportionally depressed."

The old oak tree east of the Van Cortlandt residence, served the purpose of a military whipping post.

Upon the summit of a high knoll, south-east of the late residences of Gen. Pierre Van Cortlandt, stands the old parochial church of St. Peter in which occasional services are held. Adjoining it on the north-east is the Cortlandt cemetery, facing the Westchester and Dutchess county Turnpike.

A short distance from Cortlandtville, near Locust avenue is "Rest Hill," upon the summit of which the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher is now erecting a splendid stone residence. From this point a most magnificent view is obtained of the village of Peekskill in the gorge below, the . mountains bounding the horizon on three sides and the Hudson winding like a tangled belt of silver at their bases. Northward the hill falls precipitously into the valley, and through that valley winds the Annsville creek and Canopus or Sprout brook. On a green slope, really about three miles distant, but apparently almost at the foot of " Rest Hill," is the old church of St. Peter's, just alluded to and the cemetery.

From this point a most magnificent view is obtained of the village of Peekskill in the gorge below, the . mountains bounding the horizon on three sides and the Hudson winding like a tangled belt of silver at their bases. Northward the hill falls precipitously into the valley, and through that valley winds the Annsville creek and Canopus or Sprout brook. On a green slope, really about three miles distant, but apparently almost at the foot of " Rest Hill," is the old church of St. Peter's, just alluded to and the cemetery.

The village of Annsville, in this town, is delightfully situated near the mouth of the Peekskill creek, one mile north of the village of Peekskill. This place formed a part of the Indian territory Wishqua, where was anciently an Indian fort and village. Upon the survey of the manor of Cortlandt. Annsville and lands adjoining, constituted a section of lot No. 10, the river portion of Gertrude, wife of CoL Henry Beekman and fifth daughter and devisee of De Heer Stephanus Van Cortlandt. This portion of her estate she subsequently devised to her nephew Gilbert Van Cortlandt, who in 1784, bequeathed it to his loving brother Pierre Van Cortlandt.

Here are situated' an extensive snuff and wire factory, both propelled by water power, and the chemical works ; also some thirty dwellings. The Peekskill Blast Furnace is located on the Annsville creek and is connected with the Croft iron mines by a railway built for the purpose by which the furnace is supplied with a superior quality of iron ore' at a small cost of transportation.

This portion of her estate she subsequently devised to her nephew Gilbert Van Cortlandt, who in 1784, bequeathed it to his loving brother Pierre Van Cortlandt.

Here are situated' an extensive snuff and wire factory, both propelled by water power, and the chemical works ; also some thirty dwellings. The Peekskill Blast Furnace is located on the Annsville creek and is connected with the Croft iron mines by a railway built for the purpose by which the furnace is supplied with a superior quality of iron ore' at a small cost of transportation.

The scenery "of the Peekskill creek is remarkably rich and diversified. This picturesque stream rises 14 miles north of Annsville, in the town of Kent, Putnam county, south-west of Annsville ; it receives the waters of the Canopus, (sprout creek,) a current of water which derives its source from Horton's lake, called by the Indians the "Fire- Fly Lake,"

THE TOWN OK CORTLANDT.

1 59

a name derived from that beautiful insect whose bright phosphoresence illumines the humid valleys and dark woods of a summer's evening. The Indian children of the west have the following exquisite chant to this flitting white-fire insect as they denominate it : --

"Fire-fly, fire-fly, bright little thing, Bright little fire bug, night's liltle king."

-- SchoolcrofV a Oneota.

Near the banks of the Canopus, or Peekskill hollow, is situated the site of the old Continental village, which once contained barracks for 2,000 men. The following account of its destruction is given in the dispatches of Gen. Sir William Howe to Sir Henry . Clinton, dated Fort Montgomery, October 9, 1777.

The Indian children of the west have the following exquisite chant to this flitting white-fire insect as they denominate it : --

"Fire-fly, fire-fly, bright little thing, Bright little fire bug, night's liltle king."

-- SchoolcrofV a Oneota.

Near the banks of the Canopus, or Peekskill hollow, is situated the site of the old Continental village, which once contained barracks for 2,000 men. The following account of its destruction is given in the dispatches of Gen. Sir William Howe to Sir Henry . Clinton, dated Fort Montgomery, October 9, 1777.

"The little army consisting of about 3,000 men arrived off Verplanck's Point, preceded by the gallies under the command of Sir James Wallace. On our appearance the enemy retired without firing a shot, leaving a 12-pounder behind them; and Sir James moved up to Peekskill creek to mark the only communication they had across the river on this side the Highlands."

" P.S. -- Major Gen. Tryon was detached this morning with Emmerich's chasseurs, SO yagers, and royal fusiliers and regiment of Trumback, with a thrcepoundcr to destroy the rebel settlement called the Continental village, has just returned and reported to me, that he has burned the barrack for 1,500 men, several store-houses and loaded wagons. I need not point out to your excellency the consequence of destroying this post, as it was the only establishment of the rebels on that part of the Highlands, and the place from whence any body of troops drew their supplies.""

The Hudson River Rail Road Bridge now crosses the mouth of the Peekskill creek near Annsville, where the old bridge formerly stood, leading to Roa or Rah way Hook. The total length of the latter, which was built of wood, was fourteen hundred and ninety-six feet. Upon the highest ground of Rahway Hook stood "Fort Independence Hotel," erected by Col.

I need not point out to your excellency the consequence of destroying this post, as it was the only establishment of the rebels on that part of the Highlands, and the place from whence any body of troops drew their supplies.""

The Hudson River Rail Road Bridge now crosses the mouth of the Peekskill creek near Annsville, where the old bridge formerly stood, leading to Roa or Rah way Hook. The total length of the latter, which was built of wood, was fourteen hundred and ninety-six feet. Upon the highest ground of Rahway Hook stood "Fort Independence Hotel," erected by Col. Pierre Van Cortlandt some years ago. From its elevated position this spot commands a most extensive prospect of the Hudson River and the adjacent country. To the north, rise the majestic Highlands, on the west the race and the towering Dunderbarrack. To the south the waters of the Peekskill bay resemble a vast lake bounded by the Mountains of Rockland and Stony and Verplanck's Points, while on the east appears the village of Peekskill and the Cortlandt hills. In the rear of Col. Van Cortlandt's are situated the remains of Fort Independence, whose history is so ina Supplement to n. Gaines' Military Gazette, Feb. 9, 1778, No. 1372.

l6o HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

separably interwoven with the stirring events of the Revolution. A small portion of its embankments and trenches are yet to be discerned The whole is shaded by a luxuriant grove of native pines. The solitude of this delightful spot is occasionally disturbed by the moaning of the wind among the trees,

Van Cortlandt's are situated the remains of Fort Independence, whose history is so ina Supplement to n. Gaines' Military Gazette, Feb. 9, 1778, No. 1372.

l6o HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

separably interwoven with the stirring events of the Revolution. A small portion of its embankments and trenches are yet to be discerned The whole is shaded by a luxuriant grove of native pines. The solitude of this delightful spot is occasionally disturbed by the moaning of the wind among the trees,

And hark! as it comes sighing through the grove, The exhausted gale, a spirit there awakes, That wild and melancholy music makes.

Circuituous paths lead to the landing, while the table land to the east is heavily bordered with the ash, maple, cedar and towering oak.

Hudson, the discoverer of the North River, appears to have been much struck with the first sight of this high and mountainous region.

"It appears from his journal," says Moulton, " that he was not inattentive to the rapid and astonishing elevation of a district of country which, in the course of less than sixty miles, increase from a few feet ahove the water level<* to the lofty height of fifteen hundred feet.6 Sailing leisurely, he had full opportunity to contrast the appearances of the opposite shores. On the left he had the sublime prospect of the pallisade rocks, whose dark columnar front, like a towering battlement, with here and there a projection like tne salient angle of a bastion, presented perpendicular elevations from three to five hundred feet, and, ranging more than thirty miles uninterrupted, (except by the valley of the Nyack.) it at last exhibited an altitude of nearly seven hundred feet." and then vanished from his sight on the remote, but still more elevated range of the High Tourn and Tourn mountains.

On the left he had the sublime prospect of the pallisade rocks, whose dark columnar front, like a towering battlement, with here and there a projection like tne salient angle of a bastion, presented perpendicular elevations from three to five hundred feet, and, ranging more than thirty miles uninterrupted, (except by the valley of the Nyack.) it at last exhibited an altitude of nearly seven hundred feet." and then vanished from his sight on the remote, but still more elevated range of the High Tourn and Tourn mountains. On the right he beheld a comparatively low but undulating border, which, in the luxuriance of autumnal foliage, afforded a striking contrast and a pleasing relief as he turned from the sublimity and barrenness of the opposite cliffs. Onward he perceived the river in its first course of thirty miles, very gradually widening until it suddenly presented the broad expanse of a bay (' Tappaanse Zee.') Then as he passed into another, (Haverstraw,) and viewed the insuperable barriers of mountains that lay before him, he considered his discovery terminated ; until, in searching for a passage, he found one which proved to be the continuation of a river, now serpentining in its course, deepening and narrowing, until it brought him to ' where the land grew very high and mountainous.' Here he anchored for the ensuing night. This was directly opposite West Point. "<*

"The Dundcr Berg (Thunder Mountain), that rises so grandly at the turn of the river opposite Pcekskill village, was so named because of the frequent thunder-storms that gather around its summit in summer. ' The captains of the river-craft,' says Irving, in his legend of the Storm-ship, "talk of a little bulbous-bottomed Dutch goblin, in trunkhose and sugar-loaf hat. with a speaking trumpet in his hand, which, they say, keeps the Dunder Berg.

This was directly opposite West Point. "<*

"The Dundcr Berg (Thunder Mountain), that rises so grandly at the turn of the river opposite Pcekskill village, was so named because of the frequent thunder-storms that gather around its summit in summer. ' The captains of the river-craft,' says Irving, in his legend of the Storm-ship, "talk of a little bulbous-bottomed Dutch goblin, in trunkhose and sugar-loaf hat. with a speaking trumpet in his hand, which, they say, keeps the Dunder Berg. They declare that they have heard him in stormy whether, in the midst of the turmoil, giving

a At Bergen Point .

b At the head of the Highlands.

c South peak of Vredideka Hook.

d Moulton's Hist, of New York, pp. 239-239.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

orders in low Dutch for the piping up of a fresh gust of wind, or the rattling off of another thuuder-clap. Sometimes he has been seen surrounded by a crew of little imps in broad breeches and short doubtlets, tumbling head over heels in the rock and mist, and playing a thousand gambols in the air, or buzzing, like a swarm of flies about Anthony's nose ; and that at such times the hurry-scurry of the storm was always greatest.' The romancer tells us that at one time a terrible thunder-gust burst upon a sloop when passing the Dunder Berg, and ■he was in the greatest peril. Iler crew saw at the mast head a white sugar-loaf hat, and knowing that it belonged to the goblin of the Dunder Berg, dared not climb to get rid of it. The vessel sped swiftly through the Highlands into Newburg Bay, when the little hat suddenly sprung up, whirled the clouds into a vortex, and hurried them back to the Dunder Berg. " There is another story told of this'foul-weather urchin," says the romancer, "by Skipper Daniel Ouselesticker, of Fishkill, who was never known to tell a lie.

Iler crew saw at the mast head a white sugar-loaf hat, and knowing that it belonged to the goblin of the Dunder Berg, dared not climb to get rid of it. The vessel sped swiftly through the Highlands into Newburg Bay, when the little hat suddenly sprung up, whirled the clouds into a vortex, and hurried them back to the Dunder Berg. " There is another story told of this'foul-weather urchin," says the romancer, "by Skipper Daniel Ouselesticker, of Fishkill, who was never known to tell a lie. He declared that, in a severe squall, he saw him seated astride of his bowsprit riding the sloop ashore, full butt against Anthony's Nose, and that he was exorcised by Dominie Van Giesen, of Esopus, who happened to be on board, and who sang the hymn of St. Nicholas, whereupon the goblin threw himself up into the air like a ball, and went off in a whirlwind, carrying away with him the night-cap of the Dominie's wife, which was discovered the next Sunday morning hanging on the weather-cock of Esopus church steeple, at least forty miles off." Not many years ago the engine of an immense pumping apparatus of a coffer-dam was in operation at the foot of the great hill at a place called Caldwell's Landing. The story of that coffer-dam, in all its details, forms one of the most remarkable of the romances of the Hudson. It may only be given here in faint outline.

Many years ago an iron cannon was by accident brought up by an anchor from the bottom of the river at that point. It was suggested that it belonged to the pirate ship of Captain Kidd. A speculator caught the idea, and boldly proclaimed, in the face of recorded history to the contrary, that Kidd's ship had been sunken at that point with untold treasures on board.

It may only be given here in faint outline.

Many years ago an iron cannon was by accident brought up by an anchor from the bottom of the river at that point. It was suggested that it belonged to the pirate ship of Captain Kidd. A speculator caught the idea, and boldly proclaimed, in the face of recorded history to the contrary, that Kidd's ship had been sunken at that point with untold treasures on board. The story went abroad that the deck had been penetrated by a very long auger, which encountered hard substances, and its thread was shown with silver attached wliich, it was declared, had been brought up from the vessel. The story was believed, a stock company was formed to procure the treasures by means of a cofferdam around the sunken vessel. For days, week3 and months, the engine worked on the coffer-dam. One New York merchant put §20,000 into the enterprise. The speculator took large commissions, until the hopes of the stockholders failed and the work ceased. Nothing may be seen there now but the ruins of- the works so begun, close at the water's edge. At that point a bateau was sunk by a shot from the Vulture while conveying the captured iron cannon from Stony Point to West Point after the victory by Wayne. The cannon brought up by the anchor was doubtless one of these.

Anthony's Nose, opposite, has a bit of romance in the legendary story of its origin. We are told by the veracious historian, Knickerbocker, that on one occasian Anthony the Trumpeter, who afterward disappeared in the turbulent waters of Spuytden Duyvel-Kill, was with Stuyvesant on a Dutch galley passing up the river. Early in the morning Anthony, having washed his face, and thereby polished his huge fiery nose, whose flames came out of flagons, was leani6a

Anthony's Nose, opposite, has a bit of romance in the legendary story of its origin. We are told by the veracious historian, Knickerbocker, that on one occasian Anthony the Trumpeter, who afterward disappeared in the turbulent waters of Spuytden Duyvel-Kill, was with Stuyvesant on a Dutch galley passing up the river. Early in the morning Anthony, having washed his face, and thereby polished his huge fiery nose, whose flames came out of flagons, was leani6a

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

ing over the quarter railing, when the sun burst forth in splendor over that promontory. One of its brightest rays fell on the glowing nose of the trumpeter, and reflecting, hissing hot, into the water, killed a sturgeon. The sailors got the dead monster of the deep on board. It was cooked. When Stuyvesant ate of the flesh and heard the strange story of its death, he " marvelled exceedingly ; " and in commemoration of the event he named the lofty lull, which rises more than twelve hundred feet above the bosom of the river "Anthony's Nose." As the steamboat sweeps round the Donder Berg, with Anthony's Nose on the right, the theatre of one of the most interesting of the romances of the Hudson is presented in lofty Bear Mountain in front, Lake Sinnipink, or Bloody Pond, on a broad terrace at its base, and Poplopens Creek flowing into the river on the western shore between high rocky banks. Upon these banks lay Forts Clinton and Montgomery, the former on the south side of the creek and the latter on the north side.

When Stuyvesant ate of the flesh and heard the strange story of its death, he " marvelled exceedingly ; " and in commemoration of the event he named the lofty lull, which rises more than twelve hundred feet above the bosom of the river "Anthony's Nose." As the steamboat sweeps round the Donder Berg, with Anthony's Nose on the right, the theatre of one of the most interesting of the romances of the Hudson is presented in lofty Bear Mountain in front, Lake Sinnipink, or Bloody Pond, on a broad terrace at its base, and Poplopens Creek flowing into the river on the western shore between high rocky banks. Upon these banks lay Forts Clinton and Montgomery, the former on the south side of the creek and the latter on the north side.

These forts were built by the Americans for the defence of the lower entrance to the Highlands, against fleets of the enemy that might ascend the river; for it was known from the beginning that it was a capital plan of the British Ministry to get possession of the valley of the Hudson, ar.d so separate New England from the other colonies. In addition to these forts, a boom and chain were stretched across the river from Fort Montgomery to Anthony's Nose to obstruct the navigation.

We have observed that Clinton swept around the Donder Berg with a part of his army, and fell upon Forts Clinton and Montgomery. That was on the 7th of October, 1777. Tiie brothers, Qenerals George (Governor) and James Clinton commanded the little garrison. They were brave and vigilant. It was not an easy task for the enemy to approach the fort through the rugged mountain passes, watched and attacked by scouting parties. They had divided, one party accompanied by the baronet, making their way toward evening, between Lake Sennipinkand the river, there they encountered abattis covering a detatchment of Americans.

That was on the 7th of October, 1777. Tiie brothers, Qenerals George (Governor) and James Clinton commanded the little garrison. They were brave and vigilant. It was not an easy task for the enemy to approach the fort through the rugged mountain passes, watched and attacked by scouting parties. They had divided, one party accompanied by the baronet, making their way toward evening, between Lake Sennipinkand the river, there they encountered abattis covering a detatchment of Americans. A severe fight ensued. The dead were thrown into the lake and it was called " Bloody Pond."

Botli divisions now pressed toward the forts, closely infested them, and were supported by a heavy cannonade from the British flotilla. The battle raged until twilight; overwhelming numbers of the assailants caused the Americans to abandon their works under cover of darkness and to flee to the mountains. Before leaving, they set fire to t vo frigates, two armed galleys and a sloop, which had been placed above the boom.

That conflagration was magnificent ; the sales of the vessels all set, and they soon became splendid pyramids of flame. Over the bosom of the river was spread a broad sheet of ruddy light for a great distance, and the surrounding mountains were brilliantly illuminated by the fire, which gave aid to the fugitives among the dreary hills. These features oftheevent, with the booming of the cannon on the loaded vessels when the fire reached the .1, answered by echoes from a hundred hills, produced a scene of awful grandeur never witnessed before or since on the borders of the Hudson. It was a wild and fearful romance, that ended in the breaking of the boom and chain, and passage up the river of the British squadron with marauding troops. These laid in ashes, many a fair mansion belonging to

These features oftheevent, with the booming of the cannon on the loaded vessels when the fire reached the .1, answered by echoes from a hundred hills, produced a scene of awful grandeur never witnessed before or since on the borders of the Hudson. It was a wild and fearful romance, that ended in the breaking of the boom and chain, and passage up the river of the British squadron with marauding troops. These laid in ashes, many a fair mansion belonging to

1, 1«'>.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT. 1 63

republicans as far north as Livingston's Manor, on tho lower verge of Columbia county."*

The late Gen. Pierre Van Cortlandt, the proprietor of "Antonie's Nose," or St. Anthony's Nose, which lies in the north-west corner of Cortlandt-town, used to give another version for the origin of that name, which deserves to be recorded here: --

"Before the Revolution a vessel was passing up the river under the command of a Captain Hogans, when immediately opposite this mountain, the mate looked rather quizzically first at the mountain and then at the captain's nose. The captain, by the way, had an enormous nose, which was not unfrequently the subject of good-natured remark, and he at once understood the mate's allusion. 'What,' says the captain, 'does that look like my nose ? call it then, if you please Antony's Nose.' The story was repeated on shore, and the mountain thenceforward assumed the name ; and has thus become an everlasting monument to the memory of the redoubtable captain, Antony Hogans and his nose."

The captain, by the way, had an enormous nose, which was not unfrequently the subject of good-natured remark, and he at once understood the mate's allusion. 'What,' says the captain, 'does that look like my nose ? call it then, if you please Antony's Nose.' The story was repeated on shore, and the mountain thenceforward assumed the name ; and has thus become an everlasting monument to the memory of the redoubtable captain, Antony Hogans and his nose."

The elevation of Anthony's Nose is one thousand two hundred and twenty-eight feet from the level of the river, and directly opposite Fort Montgomery creek. From here to Fort Montgomery, which is now in ruins on the opposite side, the large boom and chain was extended during the Revolutionary war, which cost about seventy thousand pounds .sterling. It was partly destroyed as we have seen by Gen. Sir Henry Clinton on the memorable 7th of October, 177 7. 6

"In the year 1672, orders arrived to Governor Lord Lovelace to put the Province in a state of defence. Upon this occasion a small fort was to be erected at Anthony's Nose, or near it on the North River.""

An enormous suspension bridge across the Hudson River is now being commenced at St. Anthony's Nose. The following statement is furnished by the engineer who is to superintend its construction: -- "Clear span, 1,600 feet; length of bridge between the towers, 1,665; total length of bridge, including approaches, 2,499; height of bridge above high water, 155 feet; working safe load for the rail road lines, 2,400 ton?; working safe load for highways, 2,880; total safe load for the bridge, 5,280 ; load that will break the bridge, 25,161. The bridge will carry at one time 32 passenger cars; the bridge would carry safely 38.569 people, and a train of 60 locomotives, if they could be all on it at once; 53 locomotives and 18,000 would

The following statement is furnished by the engineer who is to superintend its construction: -- "Clear span, 1,600 feet; length of bridge between the towers, 1,665; total length of bridge, including approaches, 2,499; height of bridge above high water, 155 feet; working safe load for the rail road lines, 2,400 ton?; working safe load for highways, 2,880; total safe load for the bridge, 5,280 ; load that will break the bridge, 25,161. The bridge will carry at one time 32 passenger cars; the bridge would carry safely 38.569 people, and a train of 60 locomotives, if they could be all on it at once; 53 locomotives and 18,000 would

o The Romance of the Hudson. Harpers Mo. Man, No. cccxL, April, 1876, vols. L, II, 647, 8, 9. About 30 years since, several cannon were raised from the sunken British vessels in the river, directly opposite Fort independence, by the aid of diving-bells. A portion of the large chain which Btretched across the Hudson, is still preserved at the Manor-house ou the Crown.

6 Letters on the Hudson.

o Dunlap's Hist, ol New York, vol. i, p. 127.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

fill it. There are to be 20 cables in 4 systems; each cable will be about 14 inches diameter; the cables contain 371,195,750 feet of steel wire, or about 70,302 miles of steel wire; total weight of iron and steel in the bridge, 17,005 tons; total amount of masonry, 58,084 cubic yards; total suspended weight, 9,651 tons; height of towers above water, 280 feet. The bridge will leave the water-way of the river untouched."

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

fill it. There are to be 20 cables in 4 systems; each cable will be about 14 inches diameter; the cables contain 371,195,750 feet of steel wire, or about 70,302 miles of steel wire; total weight of iron and steel in the bridge, 17,005 tons; total amount of masonry, 58,084 cubic yards; total suspended weight, 9,651 tons; height of towers above water, 280 feet. The bridge will leave the water-way of the river untouched."

In early provincial times a tribe of Indians named the Wabingi, occupied the Highland, called by them Kettatenny Mountains. Thenprincipal settlement, designated Wickapy, was situated in the vicinity of Anthony's Nose.°

Four miles south of Peekskill lies Verplanck's Point. This territory called by the Indians Meahagh, was bounded on the east by lands of Appamagpogh and the creek Meanagh, on the south by the same creek, on the west by the Hudson, and on the north by the creek Tammoesis.

Prior to 1683 the territory of Meahagh belonged to Siecham the great sachem of Sachus and other Indians, a clan of the Mohegans or " Enchanted Wolf Tribe," who sold the same to De Heer Stephanus van Cortlandt. At the death of Stephanus it passed by will to his oldest son Johannes second lord of the Manor of Cortlandt, and afterwards descended by marriage to Philip Verplanck, from whom the neck acquired its present appellation. This individual married Gertrude, only daughter and heiress of the above Johannes.

In 1734, Verplanck's Point (consisting of one thousand acres) was held by John Lent, who paid therefor the yearly rent of one pepper-corn on the feast day of St. Michael the archangel.

At the death of Stephanus it passed by will to his oldest son Johannes second lord of the Manor of Cortlandt, and afterwards descended by marriage to Philip Verplanck, from whom the neck acquired its present appellation. This individual married Gertrude, only daughter and heiress of the above Johannes.

In 1734, Verplanck's Point (consisting of one thousand acres) was held by John Lent, who paid therefor the yearly rent of one pepper-corn on the feast day of St. Michael the archangel.

The Verplanck's subsequently sold the Point to John Henry and others, for the sum of nearly $300,000.

The Verplanck family descend from Abraham Jacobsen Verplanck, of New Amsterdam, whose son, Gulian, was a wealthy merchant of the same place in 1683. The son of Gulian was Philip Verplanck, of Verplanck's Point.

This branch of the family is now represented by Philip Verplanck, Esq., of New Windsor, grandson of the last mentioned Philip.

John Henry, Esq., held five hundred acres upon which is situated the old Verplanck residence. The mansion of the late William LyelL

a Monlton's Hist, of N'ew York, p. 271, see note.

o Abrani Planck or Verplanck, was a farmer at Paulus noeck and one of the "Twelve Men" under Oeritom Kieft. in 1641. The "Twelve men "were all Hollanders or emigrants from Holland." lirodhead's Hist, of the State of N. Y., vol. i. p. 317. The late venerable Gulian C. Verplanck of N'ew York who was born Aug. 6, 17SC, and died March IS, 1S70, was of this family.

a Monlton's Hist, of N'ew York, p. 271, see note.

o Abrani Planck or Verplanck, was a farmer at Paulus noeck and one of the "Twelve Men" under Oeritom Kieft. in 1641. The "Twelve men "were all Hollanders or emigrants from Holland." lirodhead's Hist, of the State of N. Y., vol. i. p. 317. The late venerable Gulian C. Verplanck of N'ew York who was born Aug. 6, 17SC, and died March IS, 1S70, was of this family.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

Esq., who married the widow of the late Buckman Verplanck, Esq., is delightfully situated in the midst of the beautiful woodland scenery.

Verplank's Point has ever been admired for the variety and exquisite beautyof its scenery, and in someplaces it is thickly covered with luxuriant woods. The line of the Hudson River Railroad passes through the " Deep-Gut," a singular phenomena, which traverses the neck for some distance.

The village of Verplanck is now laid out in avenues and streets, from Lent's cove on the north to Green's cove on the south, and bounded on the west by the Hudson. Here is a station of the Hudson River Railroad, a convenient steam-boat landing, post-office, taverns, stores and numerous dwelling houses, one Methodist Episcopal church and one Roman Catholic church, besides nine brick yards, three of which are owned by Mr. Rosalie Blakely, and the others by the Hudson River Brick Manufacturing Company, viz : Daniel J. Haight, John Morton, John Candee and Charles Shultz. These nine yards employ about 400 men and manufacture about 375,000 bricks per day, involving an expenditure for labor of about $78,000 for the brick making season of 130 days. A beautiful lake has been erected within the village through the indefatigable exertions of James A. Whitbeck, Esq. The spot occupied by the lake was formerly an unsightly morass, 97 acres in extent, and was overflowed for the purpose not only of beautifying the surrounding country, but also in order to prevent malaria.

These nine yards employ about 400 men and manufacture about 375,000 bricks per day, involving an expenditure for labor of about $78,000 for the brick making season of 130 days. A beautiful lake has been erected within the village through the indefatigable exertions of James A. Whitbeck, Esq. The spot occupied by the lake was formerly an unsightly morass, 97 acres in extent, and was overflowed for the purpose not only of beautifying the surrounding country, but also in order to prevent malaria. It is now owned by the Knickbocker Ice Company of New York, which cuts about 75,000 tons of ice during the season.

Near the western extremity of the Point is the site of Fort Fayette, which, July 2 2d, 1779, was^garrisoned by one thousand British troops, under the command of Gen. Vaughan. "Twenty-third of June, 1779," remarks Gen. Heath, " the British were now in possession of both the points at King's Ferry, and a number of transports had lain in the river for some time. The advanced posts of the Americans at this time, on this side, did not extend lower than Peekskill," &c a "On the 27th," continues the same authority, "a deserter came in from Verplanck's Point, who reported that the British Army, except five or six regiments, were to leave the points, and were then embTrking. Soon after upwards of thirty sail of transports were seen standing down the river. The British had a sloop at anchor off Peekskill Landing and a ship off the Dunderberg. Lest the enemy meant a deception, the Americans were ordered to lie on their arms, and a regiment extra was ordered to advanced on the heights, a Heath's Mem. 205.

The advanced posts of the Americans at this time, on this side, did not extend lower than Peekskill," &c a "On the 27th," continues the same authority, "a deserter came in from Verplanck's Point, who reported that the British Army, except five or six regiments, were to leave the points, and were then embTrking. Soon after upwards of thirty sail of transports were seen standing down the river. The British had a sloop at anchor off Peekskill Landing and a ship off the Dunderberg. Lest the enemy meant a deception, the Americans were ordered to lie on their arms, and a regiment extra was ordered to advanced on the heights, a Heath's Mem. 205.

i66

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

"On the 28th, three deserters, one a Hessian musician with his horn, came in from the enemy. They confirmed the testimony of the former deserter, that the body of the British army had left the points."0 On the 2d or July, Col. Rufus Putnam reconnoitered the enemy's positions at Verplanck's and Stoney Points."6

Subsequent to the brilliant attack and capture of Stony Point under General Wayne, 13th of July, 1779, it was resolved to attack this post, "Stony Point, (says Gen. Heath,) having been taken with so much eclat to the American arms, Gen. Washington determined an attempt on Verplank's Point, on the east side of the Hudson, and opposite to Stony Point. For this purpose Major Gen. Howe with two brigades and some 1 2-pounders on travelling, was ordered to proceed by the way of Peekskill, throw a bridge over the creek, move on the point, and open batteries on the enemy's works, while a cannonading and bombardment was kept up across the river from Stony Point."

Heath,) having been taken with so much eclat to the American arms, Gen. Washington determined an attempt on Verplank's Point, on the east side of the Hudson, and opposite to Stony Point. For this purpose Major Gen. Howe with two brigades and some 1 2-pounders on travelling, was ordered to proceed by the way of Peekskill, throw a bridge over the creek, move on the point, and open batteries on the enemy's works, while a cannonading and bombardment was kept up across the river from Stony Point."

July 17, 1779, at about 10 o'clock, a.m., General Heath while out reconnoitreing, received by express from Gen. Washington, orders to move as expeditiously as possible to Peekskill, where he would find Gen. Howe with two brigades. Gen. Heath was to take command of the whole, and carry into effect the orders which had been given to Gen. Howe. Gen. Heath returned immediately to the troops, and at 12 o'clock began to march towards Peekskill -- marched until dusk, 15 miles, when the troops halted and laid down to rest on the side of the road, the dragoons not unsaddling their horses.

At 3 o'clock the next morning, the troops resumed their march, and in the afternoon Gen. Heath received information from Gen. Howe, by express, that Gen. Clinton was in full march with his whole army towards Verplank's Point. An answer was returned, at what point the troops then were, and that they were marching as fast as the men could endure, and would continue so until they reached him. When the troops had advanced a little to. the westward of Drake's farm, Col. Mayland came up from Gen. Howe with information that a part of Clinton's army were then above the new bridge on Croton river, pushing for the Point ; and that he was retreating from the Point as fast as possible.

An answer was returned, at what point the troops then were, and that they were marching as fast as the men could endure, and would continue so until they reached him. When the troops had advanced a little to. the westward of Drake's farm, Col. Mayland came up from Gen. Howe with information that a part of Clinton's army were then above the new bridge on Croton river, pushing for the Point ; and that he was retreating from the Point as fast as possible. On tins' Gen. Heath ordered Gen. Huntington with his brigade and two held pieces to push forward as fast as the troops could march and keep in breath, and take a position on the high ground to the south of Peekskill, which commands the road to the Point, and also that to the new bridge on Croton river; and ordered a regiment to file off to the right and secure

a Heath's Memories, 206. 6 Heath's Memoirs, 307.

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the pass over the hills between Drake's and Peekskill, and also ordered the flank guard on the left to be reinforced, and to send out small flank guards still further from its flank. The troops moved on with the utmost expedition to the ground which Gen. Huntington had been ordered forward to secure. Every moment that passed, was expected to announce the commencement of an action between the advanced or flanking parties of the two armies ; but it did not take place. At this moment Gen. Washington, having learnt how matters stood, and that possibly Gen. Clinton might attempt to push into the Highlands, sent an express to Gen. Heath, to mcwe into the Highlands immediately, which was do/ie, just after dark, the troops passing the night on Bald Hill. It was generally of the opinion that if Gen.

Every moment that passed, was expected to announce the commencement of an action between the advanced or flanking parties of the two armies ; but it did not take place. At this moment Gen. Washington, having learnt how matters stood, and that possibly Gen. Clinton might attempt to push into the Highlands, sent an express to Gen. Heath, to mcwe into the Highlands immediately, which was do/ie, just after dark, the troops passing the night on Bald Hill. It was generally of the opinion that if Gen. Heath had not been at hand to advance in the manner he did, that Gen. Clinton by a forced march of his light troops, backed by his army, would have got in the rear of Gen. Howe, before he could have possibly gained the road at Peekskill, and between his army and' a sally from the garrison of Verplanck's Point, inevitably cut off the whole. Our troops at Stoney Point cannonaded and bombarded the enemy's works at Verplanck's during the whole day, and until near midnight. The post was then evacuated, and the Washington galley was blown up.°

On the 2d of October, 1779, the enemy at Verplanck's Point, opened a number of pits about five feet deep, and from four feet over, with a sharp stake in the middle, around the outside of the abattis.b

October 21st, 1779, three deserters came in from Verplanck's Point, and reported that the enemy were on the point of evacuating their works. The officer commanding the advanced picket, soon after sent information that the works appeared to be on fire, and the shipping standing down the river. Major Waldbridge, who commanded the advanced picket, immediately sent a detachment to take possession of the works. Several loaded shells, left by the enemy in places where the fire would come to them, burst, but did no harm.

October 21st, 1779, three deserters came in from Verplanck's Point, and reported that the enemy were on the point of evacuating their works. The officer commanding the advanced picket, soon after sent information that the works appeared to be on fire, and the shipping standing down the river. Major Waldbridge, who commanded the advanced picket, immediately sent a detachment to take possession of the works. Several loaded shells, left by the enemy in places where the fire would come to them, burst, but did no harm. The enemy left one horse, a few old entrenching tools, and some other trifles at the Point.0

Colonel Livingston held command of this post in 1780, when Arnold came there for the purpose of carrying on his treasonable correspondence with Andre.

a Heath's Mem. 21 1. Mrs. nannah noajih, aged SG, Oct. 31, 1845, Rays -- " My father In the beginning of the war lived at Verplanck's Point, and afterwards at Tarrytown, and we were repeatedly plundered tiotli by Cow-boys and Skinner's. Isawye British army, win n they laudea at Teller's Point and marched tip (in 1770 probably). They were encamped one night on t'ollabergh UU1, a short distance east of ye post road, and marched ye next day to Verplanck's Point. The liritish cavalry encamped one night or (so on ye hills 'near New' Castle Corner. McDonald MSS., in possession of George U. Moore, Esq.. of N. Y. Hist. Society.

6 Heath's Mem. 218.

c Heath's Mem. 221.

i68

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Isawye British army, win n they laudea at Teller's Point and marched tip (in 1770 probably). They were encamped one night on t'ollabergh UU1, a short distance east of ye post road, and marched ye next day to Verplanck's Point. The liritish cavalry encamped one night or (so on ye hills 'near New' Castle Corner. McDonald MSS., in possession of George U. Moore, Esq.. of N. Y. Hist. Society.

6 Heath's Mem. 218.

c Heath's Mem. 221.

i68

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Upon the south-west side of Verplanck's Point, was situated King's Ferry, the ancient pass to Roc kland. The old sign-post placed at the head of the lane, leading to this ferry, bore the following direction: --

" DlSHE HIS DI RoODE TOE DE KSHING'S FaRRY."

Upon the 30th of August, 1779, fifteen sail of the enemy lay at anchor near the King's Ferry.0

On the evening of September 22d, 1780, Major John Andre, the British spy, crossed the King's Ferry in company with Smith and the negro boy. William Van Wert, the ferry-master on this occasion, afterwards testified at Andre's trial, "that Mr. Smith crossed King's ferry from Stoney Point to Verplanck's Point, on the evening of a day in the week before last, in company with another man, and a negro boy was with him ; -- each of them had a horse. The day of the month I do not recollect. I have not seen the person since to know him. He had a black, blue or brown, great-coat on, a round hat, and a pair of boots. I did not hear any conversation pass between Mr. Smith and the person in the boat, neither did I hear Mr. Smith say which way he was going. Mr. Smith seemed to hurry us a good deal.

Smith crossed King's ferry from Stoney Point to Verplanck's Point, on the evening of a day in the week before last, in company with another man, and a negro boy was with him ; -- each of them had a horse. The day of the month I do not recollect. I have not seen the person since to know him. He had a black, blue or brown, great-coat on, a round hat, and a pair of boots. I did not hear any conversation pass between Mr. Smith and the person in the boat, neither did I hear Mr. Smith say which way he was going. Mr. Smith seemed to hurry us a good deal. Cornelius Lambert, Henry Lambert and Lambert Lambert, were boat-men along with me."

Four or five miles below Verplanck's Point can be distinctly seen Smith's house, where the interview took place between Andre and Arnold, and where the latter gave the spy the fatal papers that proved his ruin.

It was at King's Ferry, about the middle of September, 1781, that the junction of the French and American armies took place. The French army crossed the Hudson River from Stoney Point to Verplanck's Point, where the American forces were paraded under arms to receive them.

In describing the scenery of this beautiful spot, Mr. N. P. Willis remarks: "It is not easy to pass and repass the now peaceful and beautiful waters of this part of the Hudson, without calling to mind the scenes and actors in the great drama of the Revolution, which they not long ago bore on their bosom. The busy mind fancies the armed gun-boats slowly pulling along the shore, and the light pinnace of the Vulture flying to and fro on its errands of conspiracy, and not the least vivid picture to the imagination is the boat containing the accomplished, the gallant Andre and his guard, on his way to death.

Willis remarks: "It is not easy to pass and repass the now peaceful and beautiful waters of this part of the Hudson, without calling to mind the scenes and actors in the great drama of the Revolution, which they not long ago bore on their bosom. The busy mind fancies the armed gun-boats slowly pulling along the shore, and the light pinnace of the Vulture flying to and fro on its errands of conspiracy, and not the least vivid picture to the imagination is the boat containing the accomplished, the gallant Andre and his guard, on his way to death. It is probable that he first admitted to his own mind the possibility of a fatal result while passing this very spot. A late biographer of Arnold, gives the particulars of a conversation between Andrd and Major Tallmadge, the officer who

a Heath's Mem. 216.

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had him in custody, and who brought him from West Point down the river to Tappan, the place of his subsequent execution : ' Before we reached the Clove, (a landing just below Verplank's Point,) Major Andre" became very inquisitive to know my opinion as to the result of his capture. When I could no longer evade his importunity, I remarked to him as follows : "I had a much loved class-mate in Yale College by the name of Hale, who entered the army in 1775. Immediately after the battle of Long Island, Washington wanted information respecting the strength of the army; he went over to Brooklyn, and was taken just as he was passing the out-posts of the enemy, on his return. Said I, with emphasis, do you remember the sequel of his story? Yes, said Andr£, he was hanged as a spy ; but you, surely, do not consider his case and mine alike?

When I could no longer evade his importunity, I remarked to him as follows : "I had a much loved class-mate in Yale College by the name of Hale, who entered the army in 1775. Immediately after the battle of Long Island, Washington wanted information respecting the strength of the army; he went over to Brooklyn, and was taken just as he was passing the out-posts of the enemy, on his return. Said I, with emphasis, do you remember the sequel of his story? Yes, said Andr£, he was hanged as a spy ; but you, surely, do not consider his case and mine alike? I replied -- yes, precisely similar; and similar will be your fate. He endeavored to answer my remarks, but it was manifest he was more troubled in spirit than I had ever seen him before.' "a

What a contrast does this scene present to the passage of the traitor himself, who, as soon as his villainy was ascertained, "mounted a horse belonging to one of his aids that stood saddled at the door, and rode alone, with all speed, to the bank of the river. He there entered a boat, and directed the oarsmen to push out to the the middle of the stream. The boat was rowed by six men, who, having no knowledge of Arnold's intentions, promptly obeyed his orders. He quickened their activity by saying, thas he was going down the river and on board the Vulture with a flag, and that he was in great haste, as he expected Gen. Washington at his house, and washed to return as expeditiously as possible to meet him there. He also added another stimulating motive, by promising them two gallons of rum, if they would exert themselves with all their strength. As they approached King's Ferry, Arnold exposed to view a white handkerchief, and ordered the men to row directly to the Vulture, which was now in sight a little below the place it had occupied when Andre" left it.

Washington at his house, and washed to return as expeditiously as possible to meet him there. He also added another stimulating motive, by promising them two gallons of rum, if they would exert themselves with all their strength. As they approached King's Ferry, Arnold exposed to view a white handkerchief, and ordered the men to row directly to the Vulture, which was now in sight a little below the place it had occupied when Andre" left it. The signal held out by Arnold, while the boat was passing Verplanck's Point, caused Col. Livingston to regard it as a flag-boat, and prevented him from ordering it to be stopped and examined. The boat reached the Vulture unobstructed in its passage ; and after Arnold had gone on board and introduced himself to Capt Sutherland, he called the leader of the boatman into the cabin, and informed him that he and his companions were prisoners. The boatmen, who had capacity and spirit, said they were not prisoners ; that they came on board with a flag of truce, and under the same sanction they would return. He then appealed to the captain, demanding justice and a proper respect for the

a American scenery by Bartlett and Willis.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

rules of honor. Arnold replied, that all this was nothing to the purpose ; that they were prisoners and must remain on board. Capt. Sutherland, disdaining so pitiful an action -- though he did not interefere with the positive command of Arnold -- told the man that he would take his parole and he might go on shore and procure clothes and whatever else was wanted for himself and his companions. This was accordingly done the same day. When these men arrived in New York, Sir Henry Clinton, holding in just contempt such a wanton act of meanness, set them all at liberty.""

Sutherland, disdaining so pitiful an action -- though he did not interefere with the positive command of Arnold -- told the man that he would take his parole and he might go on shore and procure clothes and whatever else was wanted for himself and his companions. This was accordingly done the same day. When these men arrived in New York, Sir Henry Clinton, holding in just contempt such a wanton act of meanness, set them all at liberty.""

As soon as Washington had 'solved the mystery, " and the whole extent of the plot was made manifest, Hamilton was immediately ordered to mount a horse and ride to Verplanck's Point, that preparations might be made for stopping Arnold, should he not already have passed that post." " But Col. Hamilton's mission proved too late. It could hardly have been otherwise, for Arnold had got the start by six hours. He left his house about ten o'clock in the morning, and his treachery was not known to Washington till nearly four o'clock in the afternoon. When Hamilton arrived at Verplanck's Point, a flag of truce was coming, or had come from the Vulture to that post with a letter from Arnold to Washington."6

" The case of Col. Livingston is worthy of notice. He commanded at Verplanck's Point, and from the proximity of his post to the enemy, and several concurring circumstances, might be very fairly presumed to have been either directly or indirectly concerned in Arnold's m;mceuvres. By a very laconic letter, Washington ordered that officer to come to him immediately. Livingston expected, at least, a severe scrutiny into his conduct ; being fully aware, though conscious of his innocence, that circumstances were unfavorable. But Washington made no inquiries into the past, nor uttered a syllable that implied distrust.

He commanded at Verplanck's Point, and from the proximity of his post to the enemy, and several concurring circumstances, might be very fairly presumed to have been either directly or indirectly concerned in Arnold's m;mceuvres. By a very laconic letter, Washington ordered that officer to come to him immediately. Livingston expected, at least, a severe scrutiny into his conduct ; being fully aware, though conscious of his innocence, that circumstances were unfavorable. But Washington made no inquiries into the past, nor uttered a syllable that implied distrust. He told Col. Livingston that he had sent for him to give him very special orders, to impress upon him the danger of his post and the necessity of vigilance, and to communicate other particulars, which could only be done in a personal interview. In conclusion he said it was a source of gratification to him, that the post was in the hands of an officer, whose courage and devotedness to the cause of his country afforded a pledge of a Taithful and honorable discharge of duty. Let the reader imagine the grateful emotions of Col. Livingston, his increased esteem for his commander, and the alacrity with which, under such an impulse, he went back to his station of high trust and danger.""

a Sparks' Life of Arnold, p. 241, 2-3. b Sparks' Life of Arnold, 249. c Sparks' Life of Arnold, p. 253.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

One of the most interesting associations connected with this spot, is the recollection, that here were located the head-quarters of General Washington.

Let the reader imagine the grateful emotions of Col. Livingston, his increased esteem for his commander, and the alacrity with which, under such an impulse, he went back to his station of high trust and danger.""

a Sparks' Life of Arnold, p. 241, 2-3. b Sparks' Life of Arnold, 249. c Sparks' Life of Arnold, p. 253.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

One of the most interesting associations connected with this spot, is the recollection, that here were located the head-quarters of General Washington.

" On my return from the southward in 1782," says the translator of Chastellux, (who has thought proper to withhold his name,) "I spent a day or two at the American camp at Verplanck's Point, where I had the honor of dining with General Washington. I had suffered severely from an ague which I could not get quit of, though I had taken the exercise of a hard trotting horse, and got thus far to the northward in the month of October. The General observing it, told me he was sure I had not met with a good glass of wine for some time -- an article then very rare -- but that my disorder must be frightened away. He made me drink three or four of his silver camp cups of excellent Maderia at noon, and recommended to me to take a generous glass of claret after dinner; a prescription by no means repugnant to my feelings, and which I most religiously followed. I mounted my horse the next morning, and continued my journey to Massachusetts, without ever experiencing the slightest return of my disorder.

The General observing it, told me he was sure I had not met with a good glass of wine for some time -- an article then very rare -- but that my disorder must be frightened away. He made me drink three or four of his silver camp cups of excellent Maderia at noon, and recommended to me to take a generous glass of claret after dinner; a prescription by no means repugnant to my feelings, and which I most religiously followed. I mounted my horse the next morning, and continued my journey to Massachusetts, without ever experiencing the slightest return of my disorder.

"The American camp here presented the most beautiful and picturesque appearance. It extended along the plain, on the neck of land formed by the winding of the Hudson, and had a view of this river to the south. Behind it the lofty mountains, covered with woods, formed the most sublime back-ground that painting could express. In the front of the tents was a regular continued portico, formed by the boughs of the trees in full verdure, decorated with much taste and fancy. Opposite the camp, and on distinct eminences, stood the tents of some of the general officers over which towered predominant that of Washington. I had seen all the camps in England, from many of which drawings and engravings have been taken ; but this was, truly, a subject worthy of the pencil of the first artist. The French camp, during their stay in Baltimore, was decorated in the same manner. At the camp at Verplanck's Point we distinctly heard the morning and evening gun of the British at Kingsbridge."

Opposite the camp, and on distinct eminences, stood the tents of some of the general officers over which towered predominant that of Washington. I had seen all the camps in England, from many of which drawings and engravings have been taken ; but this was, truly, a subject worthy of the pencil of the first artist. The French camp, during their stay in Baltimore, was decorated in the same manner. At the camp at Verplanck's Point we distinctly heard the morning and evening gun of the British at Kingsbridge."

Curiosity seizes with avidity upon any incidental information which fills up the bare outline of history. The personal history of Washington more particularly, wherever it has been traced by those who were in contact with him, is full of interest. Some of the sketches given by the Marquis of Chastellux, who passed this point of the Hudson on his way to Washington's head-quarters below, are very graphic :

" The weather being fair on the 26th," he says, "I got on horseback, after breakfast, with the General. He was so attentive as to give me the horse I rode on the day of my arrival. I found him as good as he is handsome ; but, above all, perfectly well broke and well trained, having a good mouth, easy in hand, and stopping short in a gallop without bearing the bit. I mention these minute particulars, because it is the

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

General himself who breaks all his own horses. He is an excellent and bold horseman, leaping the highest fences, and going extremely quick, without standing upon his stirrups, bearing on the bridle, or letting his horse run wild ; circumstances which our young men look upon as so essential a part of English horsemanship, that they would rather break a leg or an arm than renounce them.

I mention these minute particulars, because it is the

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

General himself who breaks all his own horses. He is an excellent and bold horseman, leaping the highest fences, and going extremely quick, without standing upon his stirrups, bearing on the bridle, or letting his horse run wild ; circumstances which our young men look upon as so essential a part of English horsemanship, that they would rather break a leg or an arm than renounce them.

"It was off Verplanck's Point that Hudson's vessel, the 'Half Moon,' came to an anchor on the 1st of October, 1609,°

"Here he was visited by the native Highlander's,6 who came flocking to the ship, expressing their wonder and astonishment to behold a vessel so superior to their canoes, and weapons so much more terrible than their own. Anxious to carry away to their friends some part of this floating world of wonders, and not satisfied with the trifles they received in return for skins, one of the canoes with one man in it lurked about the stern with a thievish tardiness, notwithstanding he was warned off. Watching an opportunity, he at length crawled up the rudder into the cabin window, and stole a pillow and a few articles of wearing apparel. The mate, little anticipating that justice, though slow, is sure, and would follow him even to the Arctic circle, shot at the poor pilferer and killed him. The rest fled ; panic struck, and in their precipitance, some leaped into the water. The ship's boat was manned and sent to recover the articles ; one of those who had leaped into the water got hold of the boat for the purpose of overturning it, as was thought, but the cook stood ready with his sword, and with one blow cut off one of his hands, and he was drowned.

The mate, little anticipating that justice, though slow, is sure, and would follow him even to the Arctic circle, shot at the poor pilferer and killed him. The rest fled ; panic struck, and in their precipitance, some leaped into the water. The ship's boat was manned and sent to recover the articles ; one of those who had leaped into the water got hold of the boat for the purpose of overturning it, as was thought, but the cook stood ready with his sword, and with one blow cut off one of his hands, and he was drowned. This was the first Indian blood shed during the voyage. With this mighty revenge for a trifling injury, they returned to the ship, and weighed anchor near Teller's Point, off the mouth of Croton river, near the entrance into Tappan Sea."

Parsonage or Montrose's Point, sometimes styled "Parsonage Farm,'' is separated from Verplanck's Point, on the north, by the creek Meanagh. This Point or Farm, which originally consisted of one hundred and seventy-two acres, was held simply by permission or lease, under James Van Cortlandt, (the son of John, grandson of Stephen, the son of De Herr Stephanus Van Cortlandt,) by the consistory of the Dutch Reformed church, until at last the law of limitation had given the latter peaceable possession of the property, a claim which was strengthened by an order of the Court of Chancery issued in 1835-6 giving the consistory permission to sell. The "Parsonage Farm," was subsequently sold to Stephen Lent for the sum of $2,750.* who disposed of it to different proprietors.

This Point or Farm, which originally consisted of one hundred and seventy-two acres, was held simply by permission or lease, under James Van Cortlandt, (the son of John, grandson of Stephen, the son of De Herr Stephanus Van Cortlandt,) by the consistory of the Dutch Reformed church, until at last the law of limitation had given the latter peaceable possession of the property, a claim which was strengthened by an order of the Court of Chancery issued in 1835-6 giving the consistory permission to sell. The "Parsonage Farm," was subsequently sold to Stephen Lent for the sum of $2,750.* who disposed of it to different proprietors.

The old Dutch church, of Cortlandt Manor, stood on the Brotherson farm at Montrose's Point, now owned by Frederick W. Seward, Assistant

a Moulton & Yates Hist. N. Y., page 271.

6 The- Wickapy Indians, whose principal settlements were in the vicinity of Anthony's Nose, c Another account states that the title of the church became involved, after the Revolutionary war, and the property was sold to Fatisfy quit-rent.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

I~3

Secretary of the United States, and others, quite near the residence of the former. This edifice which was probably erected in 1729-30, was still standing in 1793; but destroyed by fire soon afterwards. Prior to the building of the old church, the members of this society appear to have contributed one-fourth part towards the salary for the support of the Rev. minister at Philipsburgh, or Sleepy Hollow ; for in the second Book of the church memoranda, at the latter place, occurs the following entry : -- "A beginning will be made on the next page, but also by common accord it is resolved by the inhabitants of Philips, of one part and the respective inhabitants of the manor of Mr.

Prior to the building of the old church, the members of this society appear to have contributed one-fourth part towards the salary for the support of the Rev. minister at Philipsburgh, or Sleepy Hollow ; for in the second Book of the church memoranda, at the latter place, occurs the following entry : -- "A beginning will be made on the next page, but also by common accord it is resolved by the inhabitants of Philips, of one part and the respective inhabitants of the manor of Mr. Cortlandt, to wit, that the said communities will be holden (without having to move any exception against it) to pay and to deliver a legal fourth part, yearly, for divine service in the church here at Philipsburgh, in order that the Rev. minister of God's word may and can receive in a better manner, his salary and satisfaction for his true performed service in the respective community. At Philipsburgh on the other side will be holding to satisfy the other three parts for the said divine service, for the satisfaction of the Rev. minister, and further they will be henceforth together and as one community, and members of the Christian church ; and henceforth they will be annoted in the church memoranda book in such a manner as it will be called for." The following list of communicants occurs soon after, dated April 2 1 st, A. D. 1717, entitled: -- "A continuation of the persons, members, living in the manor of Cortlandt and patent of Captain Dekay and Ryck Abrahamson. First, Sybout Herricksen Krankheyt and Geertje his wife, Jan Corne Van Texel and Annentj his wife, Francoy de Paw, Mathys Brower and Marretye his wife, Nathan Beesly and Esther his wife, Catharine Van Texel, wife of Hendrick Lent, Geertje Brouwer, wife of Samuel Brouwer, Hendrick Lent and Cornelia his wife, William Van Texel and Irynje his wife, Annetje Sybout, wife of Jan Beesly, Maria de Paw, wife of Abram Lent, Aeltje Brouwer, wife of Jeurisen Wall, Thunis, Kranckhyt and Sophye his wife, William Teller and Marietje his wife, Jeremy Gennuyss and Annetje his wife, Marrietje Blauvelt, wife of Ryck Lent, and Eljzabeth, the wife of Comelis Michgrelzen.

First, Sybout Herricksen Krankheyt and Geertje his wife, Jan Corne Van Texel and Annentj his wife, Francoy de Paw, Mathys Brower and Marretye his wife, Nathan Beesly and Esther his wife, Catharine Van Texel, wife of Hendrick Lent, Geertje Brouwer, wife of Samuel Brouwer, Hendrick Lent and Cornelia his wife, William Van Texel and Irynje his wife, Annetje Sybout, wife of Jan Beesly, Maria de Paw, wife of Abram Lent, Aeltje Brouwer, wife of Jeurisen Wall, Thunis, Kranckhyt and Sophye his wife, William Teller and Marietje his wife, Jeremy Gennuyss and Annetje his wife, Marrietje Blauvelt, wife of Ryck Lent, and Eljzabeth, the wife of Comelis Michgrelzen.

Belonging to the Reformed Church of Cortlandtown, is a MSS. volume entitled: -- "Kerkelyk Aantcken boek voor De MannourVan Cortlandt," that is, ("a church register for the manor of Cortlandt,") containing a list of baptized infants, to which is appended the names of the parents and witnesses, &c. The first entry occurs June 3d, 1729; baptized Teunis, the son of Hendrick Brouwer and Jannetje Crankheit.

"The 2Sth day of June, 1760, ordained as consistory, Hermanus Gar-

HISTORY OF TIIN COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

dineir, Abraham Van Tessel, as elders, and Abraham Lent, as deacon, &c."a From the foregoing extracts it is evident that a district society was organized on Cortlandt manor as early as 1729, and that the first Church edifice was erected soon afterwards.

The present church which was built between the years 1795 an^ J799 is located south-east of Verplanck's Point, near the King's Ferry Road and directly facing the Albany and New York turnpike. It is a neat structure of wood, with a tower and cupola, but its interior contains nothing worthy of notice -- a lecture room and porch have been recently added. The tower contains a steel bell weighing 800 lbs., manufactured at Sheffield, England, presented by James R.

The present church which was built between the years 1795 an^ J799 is located south-east of Verplanck's Point, near the King's Ferry Road and directly facing the Albany and New York turnpike. It is a neat structure of wood, with a tower and cupola, but its interior contains nothing worthy of notice -- a lecture room and porch have been recently added. The tower contains a steel bell weighing 800 lbs., manufactured at Sheffield, England, presented by James R. Gibson and Mrs. A. G. Phelps as a memorial of Mrs. James R. Gibson of Cortlandtown -- inscribed "Kathrina, 1874." A parsonage was erected on the glebe adjoining the church in 1854. The church now holds sixteen acres of land, a portion of which has been laid out in what is called " Cedar Hill Cemetery."

The following warrantee deed, which includes the site of the church and containing altogether an acre of ground was given on the 31st of March, 1795, by James Cockcroft, of the city of New York of the first part to the Elders and Deacons of the Reformed Dutch church of the town of Cortlandt, County of Westchester and State of New York, for the sum of five shillings good and lawful money of the State of New York to him in hand paid :

"All that certain piece or parcel of laud situate lying and being in the Town of Cortlandt, County of Westchester and State of New York and is part of water lot (No. 7) adjoining Hudson's River, butted and bounded as followeth beginning at a small Bilberry Bush6 on the west side of the Post Road leadiug from the City of New York to Pcekskill thence south 62 degrees aud 30 minutes west 3 chains and 90 links to a stake and stones, thence south 26 degrees and 30 minutes East three chains and 90 links to a stake and Stone, thence north 62 degrees and 30 minutes east 3 chains and 90 links to the Post Road aforesaid, thence northerly by aud with said road to the place of beginning containing 1 acre two quarters aud three rods of land, together with all and singular the buildings, hereditaments, &c, belonging, &c.

"All that certain piece or parcel of laud situate lying and being in the Town of Cortlandt, County of Westchester and State of New York and is part of water lot (No. 7) adjoining Hudson's River, butted and bounded as followeth beginning at a small Bilberry Bush6 on the west side of the Post Road leadiug from the City of New York to Pcekskill thence south 62 degrees aud 30 minutes west 3 chains and 90 links to a stake and stones, thence south 26 degrees and 30 minutes East three chains and 90 links to a stake and Stone, thence north 62 degrees and 30 minutes east 3 chains and 90 links to the Post Road aforesaid, thence northerly by aud with said road to the place of beginning containing 1 acre two quarters aud three rods of land, together with all and singular the buildings, hereditaments, &c, belonging, &c. To have aud to hold, &c," "and also the said party, party of the 2nd part and their successors shall and may from time to time and at all times for ever hereafter peaceably and quietly have, hold, occupy, possess and enjoy, &c." James Cockcuoft.c

Lydia, widow of James Cockcroft, afterwards married Charles White. To prevent any claim of dower that might hereafter have arisen, Charles

a Sinw the publication of the first edition of this work in 1S-17, the above register has been mutilated and now commences with deaths, Aug. 29, 1741. [Epitok.]

b Amidst all th<' trimmings and changes the bilberry bush still flourishes ami bids fair to be a lasting boundary to God's acre.

To have aud to hold, &c," "and also the said party, party of the 2nd part and their successors shall and may from time to time and at all times for ever hereafter peaceably and quietly have, hold, occupy, possess and enjoy, &c." James Cockcuoft.c

Lydia, widow of James Cockcroft, afterwards married Charles White. To prevent any claim of dower that might hereafter have arisen, Charles

a Sinw the publication of the first edition of this work in 1S-17, the above register has been mutilated and now commences with deaths, Aug. 29, 1741. [Epitok.]

b Amidst all th<' trimmings and changes the bilberry bush still flourishes ami bids fair to be a lasting boundary to God's acre.

c Couuty Rec. K« g. office Book of Deeds, Lib. Y. p. 253,

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

T75

White and Lydia his wife gave the Dutch Reformed church on the 26th of December, 1799, a quit claim deed of which the following is an abstract :

"Between Charles White of the City of New York, merchant and Lydia his wife of the first part and Hercules Lent, Peter Goetschins, Abraham Lent, Martin Post, Ru hard Schiggel, Samuel Vessels, John II. Lent and Abraham Moutross, the elders and deacons of the Reformed Dutch church of the Manor of Cortlandt in the County of Westchester and State of New York of the second part, for the sum of one dollar grants, confirms, &c, all the land before recited in Cockcroft's deed to the elders and deacons to the said parties of the first part their heirs and assigns for ever a pew nearly square, sufficiently large enough to contain ten persons in the church now erected on the said premises and likewise that the small building or school house also erected on the said premises shall always be and remain for the use of a public school, &c."

Lent and Abraham Moutross, the elders and deacons of the Reformed Dutch church of the Manor of Cortlandt in the County of Westchester and State of New York of the second part, for the sum of one dollar grants, confirms, &c, all the land before recited in Cockcroft's deed to the elders and deacons to the said parties of the first part their heirs and assigns for ever a pew nearly square, sufficiently large enough to contain ten persons in the church now erected on the said premises and likewise that the small building or school house also erected on the said premises shall always be and remain for the use of a public school, &c."

" Charles White & Lydia Wutie.'-0

It is claimed, however, that Mrs. White (alias Cockcroft) had previously conveyed seven hundred acres of land in water lot No. 7, extending from Hudson River to the Furnace woods on the coast to Stephanus Hunt, which included the church property ; so that the Dutch Reformed church actually held under Hunt for some time by peaceable possession. Be this as it may, Elias Hunt, son of Stephanus, subsequently conveyed to this society the sixteen acres they now hold inclusive of the one acre, two quarters and three rods conveyed by Cockcroft in 1795.

In the cemetery surrounding the church are several monuments to the Lents, Montross's, Brinckerhoffs, &c, &c; also a plain head stone inscribed as follows : --

"Sacred to the memory of DR. PETER GOETCHIUS, who died the 21st of Sept., A. D. 1828, aged 70 years, 5 months, and 20 days, having been for 35 years an elder of the Reformed Dutch Church in Cortlandtown, and died as he lived a Christian.

Be this as it may, Elias Hunt, son of Stephanus, subsequently conveyed to this society the sixteen acres they now hold inclusive of the one acre, two quarters and three rods conveyed by Cockcroft in 1795.

In the cemetery surrounding the church are several monuments to the Lents, Montross's, Brinckerhoffs, &c, &c; also a plain head stone inscribed as follows : --

"Sacred to the memory of DR. PETER GOETCHIUS, who died the 21st of Sept., A. D. 1828, aged 70 years, 5 months, and 20 days, having been for 35 years an elder of the Reformed Dutch Church in Cortlandtown, and died as he lived a Christian.

" ' The silent tomb and rising hillocks show, The way, the end of mortals here below ; But silent tombs nor hillocks can affright The soul of him whose ways are just and right. How calm the righteous man with God his friend ; Peace crowns his life, and happiness his end.' "

a Copied from original document In possession of the consistory of the Ref. Church, Cortlandtown.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

The following minutes are extracted from the recocds of the New York Classis : --

Flatbush, April 24, 1792, the Rev. Classis "appoint the Rev. Mr. Jackson" to visit the congregation at the Cortlandt's manor, between this and the next session, and report to Classis the state of that congregation."6

Sept. 4, 1792, Mr. Jackson reports to Classis that he has fulfilled his commission, and finds the congregation have lost their church, diminished in number, and greatly dispersed.

The following minutes are extracted from the recocds of the New York Classis : --

Flatbush, April 24, 1792, the Rev. Classis "appoint the Rev. Mr. Jackson" to visit the congregation at the Cortlandt's manor, between this and the next session, and report to Classis the state of that congregation."6

Sept. 4, 1792, Mr. Jackson reports to Classis that he has fulfilled his commission, and finds the congregation have lost their church, diminished in number, and greatly dispersed.

Resolved, that Mr. Jackson shall again visit them as soon as convenient between this and next spring to organize the consistory, and to do any thing in his power to collect the congregation.0

April 30, 1793, Rev. G. A. Kuypers and Rev.- Peter Stryker, each with an elder, appointed by Classis to visit the vacant congregations at Cortlandt's manor as soon as possible, in order to organize a consistory, &c, &c. Rev. Mr. Brush and Brouwer ordered to preach in their absence in their pulpits, and after they have accomplished their mission to repair to the same place, and preach there at least each one Sabbath. d

September 2, 1794, ordered that Mr. Jackson visit the congregation of Cortlandt manor, the second Lord's day September instant ; also, that Mr. Schoonmaker visit said congregation once in the meantime between this and next meeting.*

Also ordered, that the Rev, Mr. Sickles in the course of this fall visit Peekskill, and apply to the Classis of Albany for recommendation to visit their vacancies.

1797, Rev. Mr. Lowe reports that he has fulfilled his mission to Cortlandt.

September 2, 1794, ordered that Mr. Jackson visit the congregation of Cortlandt manor, the second Lord's day September instant ; also, that Mr. Schoonmaker visit said congregation once in the meantime between this and next meeting.*

Also ordered, that the Rev, Mr. Sickles in the course of this fall visit Peekskill, and apply to the Classis of Albany for recommendation to visit their vacancies.

1797, Rev. Mr. Lowe reports that he has fulfilled his mission to Cortlandt.

Mr. Abeel appointed-'' 1798. Mr. Abeel reports that he has fulfilled his appointment.

Ordered that the candidates now under the care of this Classis supply each one Sabbath at Cortlandtown, and that Mr. Jackson preach and administer the Lord's Supper once during the said time.

May 8, 1800, a call made out by the church of Cortlandtown upon the Rev. William Manly, was laid before the Classis for aprobation. Upon reading the same, it was found to be in due form, and subscribed by three elders and four deacons, but not authorized by any minister as the moderator of the call. Dr. Peter Goetchius, one of the subscribing elders, appearing before the Classis, attested to his own signature and that of the other subscribers, and gave sufficient reasons why a neighboring minister could not assist in completing the document. It was approved and endorsed.?

a To this Individual, (tinder God,) the Reformed Dutch Church In Cortlandtown Is Indebted

for her re-establishraent and present success. b Rec.of N. Y. Classis, vol. I, 110. e Rcc, of N. Y. Classis, vol. i, 113. d Roc. of N. Y. Classis, vol. I, 123. t Rec. N. Y. Classi3, vol. i, 143 / Roc. X. Y. Classis, vol. 1, 1ST. <7 Rue. N. Y. Classis, vol. i, 221.

It was approved and endorsed.?

a To this Individual, (tinder God,) the Reformed Dutch Church In Cortlandtown Is Indebted

for her re-establishraent and present success. b Rec.of N. Y. Classis, vol. I, 110. e Rcc, of N. Y. Classis, vol. i, 113. d Roc. of N. Y. Classis, vol. I, 123. t Rec. N. Y. Classi3, vol. i, 143 / Roc. X. Y. Classis, vol. 1, 1ST. <7 Rue. N. Y. Classis, vol. i, 221.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

I77

The Dutch Reformed Church of Cortlandtown was incorporated 30th December, 1794; first trustees, William Lent, Peter Goetchius, Hercules Lent, elders; Abraham Lent, Benjamin Dyckman, Jacobus Kronkhite, deacons."

To this church was formerly annexed the Van Nest Reformed Dutch chapel at Peekskill. A mission was commenced by the present pastor, nth Nov., 1876, at Verplank's Point ; land has been given for the erection of a chapel, and there is good prospect of success. Prior to the year iSor, supplies were obtained weekly from this church from New York.

LIST OF MINISTERS OF THE REFORMED DUTCH CHURCH CORT- LANDT.

Date of Instalment. Minsters. Vacated by.

April, 1800, Rev. William Manly,'' Death.

March 27, 1S10, Rev. Abraham Hoffman, Resig. October 21, 1831, Robert Kirkwood, October 3, 1836, Rev. Cornelius Depew Westbrook, D.D., September, 1850, Rev. Samuel Lockwood, August, 1853, Rev. John B. Steele,

1859, Rev. John St. John,

1867, Rev. Polhemus Van Wyck,

1870, Rev. John C. Garretson,

1S74, Rev. John B. Thompson,

May 2j, 1875, Rev. Joseph Alexander Harper, present minister.

LIST OF MINISTERS OF THE REFORMED DUTCH CHURCH CORT- LANDT.

Date of Instalment. Minsters. Vacated by.

April, 1800, Rev. William Manly,'' Death.

March 27, 1S10, Rev. Abraham Hoffman, Resig. October 21, 1831, Robert Kirkwood, October 3, 1836, Rev. Cornelius Depew Westbrook, D.D., September, 1850, Rev. Samuel Lockwood, August, 1853, Rev. John B. Steele,

1859, Rev. John St. John,

1867, Rev. Polhemus Van Wyck,

1870, Rev. John C. Garretson,

1S74, Rev. John B. Thompson,

May 2j, 1875, Rev. Joseph Alexander Harper, present minister.

One of the principal professors in this neighborhood in former times was Stephanus Hunt, son of Josiah Hunt of Flushing, L. I., who came originally from England. His two younger sons were Lewis Hunt who settled at Chappaqua, W. C. C. and Edmund Hunt. Stephanus the eldest purchased, as we have already had occasion to show, 700 acres of land in the manor of Cortlandt ; and left four sons John, Daniel, Josiah and Elias, to each of whom their father set #ff 50 acres. Elias married Hannah, daughter of Dennis Lent Odel who is still living on a part of the old farm

Between Verplanck's Point and Crugers is Montross Point, where there is a small hamlet and several fine residences ; there is a brick yard owned by John D. Karet and occupied by Cyrus Travis -- employing about 25 men and disbursing-some $8,000 during the season. A little north, just below Verplanck's Point, are two brick yards owned by Charles Jones and occupied by Kelly and O'Brien -- employing about 90 men, and paying out about $20,000 per season.

Between Verplanck's Point and Crugers is Montross Point, where there is a small hamlet and several fine residences ; there is a brick yard owned by John D. Karet and occupied by Cyrus Travis -- employing about 25 men and disbursing-some $8,000 during the season. A little north, just below Verplanck's Point, are two brick yards owned by Charles Jones and occupied by Kelly and O'Brien -- employing about 90 men, and paying out about $20,000 per season.

a R<!li!rtons Soc. Lib. A. p. 79. h Brother of General Manly.

178 , HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Near Cruger's, a short distance south from Montross Point is situated the Protestant Episcopal church called " The Church of the Divine Love." This edifice is substantially the work of the Rev. Gouverneur Cruger who was architect and also -- to a large extent -- builder. The church and its Sunday School, which are built of brick, cost about ten thousand dollars, and to it is attached a neat and commodious rectory also of brick. The corner stone of this building was laid by the Rev. T. L. Johnson, D.D., on St. Barnabas' day June nth, 1869, and was consecrated by the Rt. Rev. Horatio Potter, D.D., on Friday, Sept. 15th, 1871. The chandeliers and lamps of elegant pattern and device, were the gifts of W. G. Kortright, Esq., of New York. The communion silver was presented by Mrs. Nicholas Cruger. The organ which cost eleven hundred dollars was built by Carhart & Needham, and was the gift of the Rev. Gouverneur Cruger. The font is of Caen stone with elaborate design. The tower contains a Meneely bell, of one thousand pounds. The Rev. Gouverneur Cruger is the rector.

The chandeliers and lamps of elegant pattern and device, were the gifts of W. G. Kortright, Esq., of New York. The communion silver was presented by Mrs. Nicholas Cruger. The organ which cost eleven hundred dollars was built by Carhart & Needham, and was the gift of the Rev. Gouverneur Cruger. The font is of Caen stone with elaborate design. The tower contains a Meneely bell, of one thousand pounds. The Rev. Gouverneur Cruger is the rector.

At a short distance below Montrose, stands Boscobel House, so named from the splendid white oak trees which once surrounded it, after the old Boscobel House in England, which was' also noted for its far famed oaks, the late residence of Staats Morris Dyckman, Esq., at present occupied by his grand-daughter, Elizabeth, wife of John P. Cruger. This house, erected in 1792, is built in the French style; and occupies a veiy pleasant spot on the brow of a high hill overlooking the river, the Island of Oscawana, and adjacent country. On the southeast is to be seen Croton Point, with Irvington in the distance; while far beyond looms up Dobb's Ferry, with Paulding Castle rising above it.

On the south is plainly visible the Clove, High Tarn, Haverstraw Bay and village -- while on the west are fine views of Stony Point, Grassy Point and North Haverstraw. The grounds surrounding the mansion are greatly enriched with luxuriant woods and plantations. Just below at the foot of the terrace is a fine spring house, reached by a flight of stone steps. About seven years ago during a heavy drought, this perennial spring supplied the whole neighborhood with water. Overshadowing the top of the spring house is a venerable white oak four or five feet in diameter, while near by are groups of horse-chestnuts, originally imported in pots from England, also fine groves of locust trees.

The grounds surrounding the mansion are greatly enriched with luxuriant woods and plantations. Just below at the foot of the terrace is a fine spring house, reached by a flight of stone steps. About seven years ago during a heavy drought, this perennial spring supplied the whole neighborhood with water. Overshadowing the top of the spring house is a venerable white oak four or five feet in diameter, while near by are groups of horse-chestnuts, originally imported in pots from England, also fine groves of locust trees. The beautiful Island of Oscawana, through which the Hudson River rail road passes by a tunnel, once formed a portion of the Cruger estate, but now belonging to Henry P. DeGraff, Esq.

Staats Morris Dyckman, the former proprietor, was the fifth son of

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

Jacob Dyckman" of Philipsburgh, and the protege of Gen. Staats Morris, he w as also for many years the private secretary of Sir 'William Erskine, (Commissary General of the British army) in which capacity he attended the latter to Europe. Sir William died in 1795, leaving a large and valuable property to his secretary.

Soon after the death of his friend, Mr. Dyckman returned to his native country, purchased the Boscobel estate, and erected the present mansion. After the Revolutionary war the English Government in gratitude for services rendered, presented Mr. Dyckman with a full set of diamonds, and a golden urn 18 inches high. As stated above, Elizabeth, wife of Col. John P. Cruger, was the daughter of Peter C. Dyckman, the son of Staats Morris, by his wife Eliza Kennedy. In the possession of Mr. Cruger, is a "loving cup," used for family christenings, brought from Ireland by James Kennedy, more than a hundred years ago; marked, "B. K."b

After the Revolutionary war the English Government in gratitude for services rendered, presented Mr. Dyckman with a full set of diamonds, and a golden urn 18 inches high. As stated above, Elizabeth, wife of Col. John P. Cruger, was the daughter of Peter C. Dyckman, the son of Staats Morris, by his wife Eliza Kennedy. In the possession of Mr. Cruger, is a "loving cup," used for family christenings, brought from Ireland by James Kennedy, more than a hundred years ago; marked, "B. K."b

The library at Boscobel formerly contained a valuable collection of books, (amounting to 6,000 volumes) most of which wrere accidentally destroyed by fire, but twenty volumes still remain of the old collection."

Among other rare books, are the modern part of a Universal History of London, 1781, in 65 volumes; "from the earliest accounts to the present time, compiled from original authors." The Annual Register, from 1750 to 1800, 44 volumes printed 1791, Encyclopedia Brittanica, 20 volumes, London, 1797. Junins, in several volumes richly bound in vellum, 1797. An account of the preservation of King Charles II, after the battle of Worcester, drawn up by himself, &c, London, 1803 containing portraits of Charles the Second, Richard Penderell, Mrs. Jane Lane, His Excellency Lieut. Gen. Dalyell, of Brims, Commander-in- Chief of His Majesty's forces in Scotland, 1666-16S5, Boscobel House with, its timbered gables and tower, with antique garden. There are three volumes of Bible, Old and New Testament. British Theatre 34 volumes, 1795; Porcupine's Works, &c, by William Cobbett, 12 volumes, London, May, 1S01; Orlando Furisso, translated from Italian by Judovico Ariosto, with notes by John Hoole, London, 1799; Jirmen Theatre, translated by Benjamin Thompson, Esq., in 6 volumes, London, 180 1 ; Cook's Voyages, 8 volumes quarto, London, 1785; Bruce's Travels to discover the source of the Nile, 1768-1773, Edinborough,

Dalyell, of Brims, Commander-in- Chief of His Majesty's forces in Scotland, 1666-16S5, Boscobel House with, its timbered gables and tower, with antique garden. There are three volumes of Bible, Old and New Testament. British Theatre 34 volumes, 1795; Porcupine's Works, &c, by William Cobbett, 12 volumes, London, May, 1S01; Orlando Furisso, translated from Italian by Judovico Ariosto, with notes by John Hoole, London, 1799; Jirmen Theatre, translated by Benjamin Thompson, Esq., in 6 volumes, London, 180 1 ; Cook's Voyages, 8 volumes quarto, London, 1785; Bruce's Travels to discover the source of the Nile, 1768-1773, Edinborough,

o Jacob Byclrman resided on the Talte property situated on the road leading to King's Ferry on ViTplanck's Point, near Green's Cove.

6 The arms of Kennedy (Johnstown County Dublin. Bart.) Sa on a fesse ar. berw. three helmets close, a fox oonrant, ppr. Crest a demiarm embowed In armour ppr. holding a branch of oak-- motto -- Aduareo VlrfettL

c Some portions of the second library brought by Staats Morris Dyckman from England, were sold to Chancellor Livingston.

l8o * HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

1790; A Discourse of the Liberty of Prophecying, by Jeremy Taylor. D.D., Chaplain in ordinary to His Majesty King Charles the First, and Bishop in time of Charles the Second of Downe and Connor in Ireland printed for R. Royston, 1647. This book contains not that prelate's real sentiments, but was designed to show what plausible arguments every sect and party of Christains had to say in favor of their particular opinions, &c." Works of Homer translated from the Greek into English verse by Alexander Pope in 7 volumes, London, Anno, 1794. Bell's Edition of William Shakespeare, printed complete from the text of Samuel Johnson and George Steeves, &c, London, 1785.

D.D., Chaplain in ordinary to His Majesty King Charles the First, and Bishop in time of Charles the Second of Downe and Connor in Ireland printed for R. Royston, 1647. This book contains not that prelate's real sentiments, but was designed to show what plausible arguments every sect and party of Christains had to say in favor of their particular opinions, &c." Works of Homer translated from the Greek into English verse by Alexander Pope in 7 volumes, London, Anno, 1794. Bell's Edition of William Shakespeare, printed complete from the text of Samuel Johnson and George Steeves, &c, London, 1785.

The pictures consist of the following: James Ogilvie (Earl of Findlater), by Stuart ; this individual was the intimate friend of Mrs. Staats Dyckman and was a frequent visitor at Boscobel House, and teacher of Elocution in New York City. Mrs. Staats M. Dyckman or Eliza Come grand-daughter of of Peter Come, by Jan-is; Miniature of Staats Morris Dyckman, Miniature of Peter Come, Miniature of Holy Family, by Michael Angelo ; picture of Holy Family by Raphael, the latter was brought from England by Staats Mooris Dyckman ; Miniature in ivory of George the Third and Queen Charlotte executed by English prisoners in India.

The finding of Moses, Queen Charlotte as Pharaoh's daughter and attendants 5 another representing the drawing of Moses out of the water, the group of females representing the queen and attendants. Here is preserved Major John Andre's flute presented to Mrs. Cruger's grandfather ; also a gold enameled snuff-box made of the veritable Boscobel oak in which Charles the Second was concealed in 165 containing a medallion of that monarch. The sconcers of cut glass are very fine, likewise the antique mantel-clock in French ormolu.

The finding of Moses, Queen Charlotte as Pharaoh's daughter and attendants 5 another representing the drawing of Moses out of the water, the group of females representing the queen and attendants. Here is preserved Major John Andre's flute presented to Mrs. Cruger's grandfather ; also a gold enameled snuff-box made of the veritable Boscobel oak in which Charles the Second was concealed in 165 containing a medallion of that monarch. The sconcers of cut glass are very fine, likewise the antique mantel-clock in French ormolu.

On the Boscobel estate is situated St. Augustine's chapel a small Gothic edifice of wood with porch and recess chancel, beautifully shaded with vines and trees. In the rear of this building are fine views of the river, the brick yards and village of Crugers. On the east is Hessian Hill which was occupied by the Hessians during the Revolutionary war.

The Island of Oscawana and neighboring shores immediately around Boscobel must have been favorite resorts of the Kitchawan Indians. Indian axes and pestles have been found in the gardens and clay banks adjoining, as well as several skeletons.

In the vicinity of Boscobel House is situated the small hamlet and landing of Cruger's, a name derived from the Crugcr family, who have long possessed estates in the immediate neighborhood.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

iSi

"John Cruger"*1 was the first of that name who '•came from Germany to America previous to the year 1700, and resided in the city of New York. An old record in the possession of Mr. John C. Cruger, of Cuger's Island, Dutchess county, N.Y., says "From the traditionary account in the family and from the coat of arms which lie brought with him, it is supposed he was descended from the family of Baron Von Cruger. The name of that family was always spelt with a C, while that of the commonality in Germany is spelt with a K." The name itself in its origin is a corruption, undoubtedly, of the Latin, Cruciger, or crossbearer.

Cruger, of Cuger's Island, Dutchess county, N.Y., says "From the traditionary account in the family and from the coat of arms which lie brought with him, it is supposed he was descended from the family of Baron Von Cruger. The name of that family was always spelt with a C, while that of the commonality in Germany is spelt with a K." The name itself in its origin is a corruption, undoubtedly, of the Latin, Cruciger, or crossbearer.

He was a merchant, a high-toned gentleman and a prominent citizen of New York during the first half of the eighteenth century. He was elected alderman of the Dock Ward in 17 12, and held the office till 1733 inclusive -- the long period of twenty-two years. In 1739 ne became Mayor of the city, and remained in office till his death on 13th August, 1744.

He married in 1702, Maria, eldest daughter of Hendrick Cuyler of Albany, the first of that name in America, and Anne his wife, and had three sons Henry, John and Tileman. Tileman died a young man and unmarried."

"John, the youngest son who never married, was like his father, eminent as a merchant, and in political life." He was Alderman and Mayor of New York, Speaker of the Provincial Assembly, delegate to the famous Congress of 1765, with Messrs. Bayard and Lispenard, and first President of the Chamber of Commerce of New York. He died at Kinderhook in 1792.

" Henry Cruger, the eldest of the two surviving sons of John Cruger the first, who was born 25th November, 1707, in New York, resided for many years in that city, and was also in political life. He was a member of the Assembly from 1745 to 1759, and subsequently was appointed to the Council of the Province, and served till 1773, when he resigned and was succeeded by his eldest son, John Harris Cruger.

" Henry Cruger, the eldest of the two surviving sons of John Cruger the first, who was born 25th November, 1707, in New York, resided for many years in that city, and was also in political life. He was a member of the Assembly from 1745 to 1759, and subsequently was appointed to the Council of the Province, and served till 1773, when he resigned and was succeeded by his eldest son, John Harris Cruger. In May, 1775, his health was impaired, he went to England and resided at Bristol with his second son, Henry, the Member of Parliament for that city. He died there in 1778, and lies buried in the centre aisle of the Bristol Cathedral. He married for his first wife, on 28th of September, 1734, a lady of Jamaica, the widow of Patrick Montgomery of that Island

a In tht> library of Mr. John C. Cruger, of Crujrer's Island,, Dntchess connty, la the Pntch family Dibit' of the first John Cruger, printed at Dort in 16S8. The arms are from an ancient iron seal which belonged to John Cruger :-- Argent a bend aznre charged with three martlets, or, betw. two grayhounds currant proper -- Motto -- Deo non Fortuna -- Crest -- A deiul grayhound saliaut, gorged or, Motto-- beneath the wreath-- Fidis.

1 82 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

whose maiden name was Koughter or Slaughter : but she died without children. His second wife was a Miss Harris of the same Island, by whom he had four sons and two daughters. His eldest son was Jolm Harris Cruger who succeeded his father in 1773 as one of the Governor's Council, he was also Chamberlain of the city of New York, and was commissioned Lieut. Colonel of the First battalion or regiment, General de Lancey himself, being the Colonel.

whose maiden name was Koughter or Slaughter : but she died without children. His second wife was a Miss Harris of the same Island, by whom he had four sons and two daughters. His eldest son was Jolm Harris Cruger who succeeded his father in 1773 as one of the Governor's Council, he was also Chamberlain of the city of New York, and was commissioned Lieut. Colonel of the First battalion or regiment, General de Lancey himself, being the Colonel. After the war he went to England and resided at Beverley in Yorkshire, where he died without issue.

Henry Cruger, the second son, educated at King's College, N. Y., was in 1757 sent by his father to Bristol, England, to enter a counting-house. He became a successful and popular merchant of that city, which he made his home. In 1774, he and Edmund Burke were nominated for Members of Parliament for Bristol, and after a sharp contest, elected. He was also once Sheriff of Bristol, and in 1781 was elected its Mayor. In 1784, he was again elected to Parliament." In 1790 he. declined reelection, having determined to return to America and reside there for the rest of his life, and in the same year came back with his family to his native city. He was soon engaged in politics, and notwithstanding his service in Parliament, and especially his re-election in 1784, after the peace of 1783, and subsequent service of about six years, he was, in 1792, elected a Senator of the State of New York, and served as such. His residence during the latter part of his life was at 382 Greenwich street, N. Y., where he died 24th of April, 1827, aged 88 years.

In 1784, he was again elected to Parliament." In 1790 he. declined reelection, having determined to return to America and reside there for the rest of his life, and in the same year came back with his family to his native city. He was soon engaged in politics, and notwithstanding his service in Parliament, and especially his re-election in 1784, after the peace of 1783, and subsequent service of about six years, he was, in 1792, elected a Senator of the State of New York, and served as such. His residence during the latter part of his life was at 382 Greenwich street, N. Y., where he died 24th of April, 1827, aged 88 years.

His first wife was Miss Peach, daughter of Samuel Peach the great Banker of Bristol, by whom he had one child, Samuel Peach Cruger, who subsequently took the surname of Peach, and was the late Samuel Peach Peach of Tackington House, Gloucester in England, who married a daughter of William Miles, of Leigh Court, near Bristol ; they had one child, Emma Sarah, who married in 1820, Lord John Murray- Aynsley, a grandson of John Murray, Duke of Athol.

The second wife of Henry Cruger, was Miss Caroline Elizabeth Blair. Their eldest son was Henry H. Cruger who married Mary, daughter of Nicolas Cruger, his first cousin. Their second son was William Cruger, and their third son was John Cruger who was the father of ^Henry Cruger, the late Hon. Nicholas Cruger and Col. John Peach Cruger" of Boscobel House, Crugers, Westchester county, who possesses the large silver pitcher, presented by the citizens of Bristol, England, to his grandfather, the Hon. Henry Cruger, when a resident of that city.

Their eldest son was Henry H. Cruger who married Mary, daughter of Nicolas Cruger, his first cousin. Their second son was William Cruger, and their third son was John Cruger who was the father of ^Henry Cruger, the late Hon. Nicholas Cruger and Col. John Peach Cruger" of Boscobel House, Crugers, Westchester county, who possesses the large silver pitcher, presented by the citizens of Bristol, England, to his grandfather, the Hon. Henry Cruger, when a resident of that city.

a For most of the foretrotnir sketch relating to the Crn(rer's, wo are Indebted to an article In the New York Gen. arid Biog. Itec. vol. vl, No. 8 ; entitled Family Kecords, Cruger. Contributed by Edward F. DeLancey.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

Just south of Cruger's is the Island of Oscavvana, now owned by Henry P. DeGralf, President of the Bowery Bank, who is so largely interested in property at Cruger's, and also owner of Iona Island. Mr. De Graff is now erecting a splendid mansion of brick with suitable outbuildings, on the high grounds of Oscowana, overlooking the splendid scenery of the Hudson River. At Cruger's there are four brick-yards owned by John Peach Cruger, and occupied by D. J. Haight, employing about one hundred and twenty men, and paying out about $23,400 for labor during the season. On George's Island, about one-half a mile above Cruger's, there are three brick yards employing about one hundred and twenty men, and occupied by William Tompkins, paying about $25,000. A little to the north of this are two more brick yards, owned and occupied by Orrin Frost, employing about eighty men, and paying out about $20,000 during the season. On the turnpike leading to Peekskill is the hamlet of Boscobel; here is a Methodist Episcopal church erected in 1868, of which the Rev.

On George's Island, about one-half a mile above Cruger's, there are three brick yards employing about one hundred and twenty men, and occupied by William Tompkins, paying about $25,000. A little to the north of this are two more brick yards, owned and occupied by Orrin Frost, employing about eighty men, and paying out about $20,000 during the season. On the turnpike leading to Peekskill is the hamlet of Boscobel; here is a Methodist Episcopal church erected in 1868, of which the Rev. Mr. Blake is the present pastor. The celebrated Lieutenant William Mosier, or Moshcr, of the Revolution, formerly resided in this neighborhood. His brother Abel Mosher, left a son Daniel whose son is the present Isaac Mosher of Boscobel.

• A small mountain stream enters the Hudson near Boscobel called the Furnace brook, upon which stood the manorial mills, long since superseded by Ramsay's mill now owned by Mr. Phelps above Crugers; crowning the bold banks of the mountain torrent is situated the Cortlandt Furnace, which has given name not only to the brook but to an extensive tract of forest, consisting of 1,500 acres called the " Furance Wood," on the borders of which are numerous peat beds.

• In the year 1760 a mining company was established in England, and German miners employed for the purpose of obtaining and smelting iron ore in this vicinity. It would appear, however, that the ore was not found here in sufficient abundance ; for, at a vast expense, we find it subsequently transported from the Queensburg mine, in the forest of Dean, Rockland county, by the route of King's ferry, and melted in this furnace. But even in Rockland County the ore was not found in sufficient quantities to render it of any importance, so that prior to the Revolution, the enterprise was wholly abandoned, and the property sold to Mr.

It would appear, however, that the ore was not found here in sufficient abundance ; for, at a vast expense, we find it subsequently transported from the Queensburg mine, in the forest of Dean, Rockland county, by the route of King's ferry, and melted in this furnace. But even in Rockland County the ore was not found in sufficient quantities to render it of any importance, so that prior to the Revolution, the enterprise was wholly abandoned, and the property sold to Mr. John Ramsay whose daughter married John Cruger, father of John P. Cruger. The furnace woods are now held by various proprietors. Mr. Benjamin Odell occupies the Ramsay residence and mill. The mansion house of the late Hon. Nicholas Cruger, who for several years represented this county in assembly, is delightfully situated near the land-

184 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER

ing commanding from its elevated position, most extensive views of the river; and is now occupied by his widow.

Croton village in the lower part of this town is situated on the north side of the river of that name near its confluence with the Hudson. At the intersection of the New York and Albany Post Road with the road leading to the railroad station is the Protestant Episcopal church of St. Augustine. Episcopal services were also performed at the village of Croton, in this parish, by Mr. Wetmore in 1756, by the Rev. Mr. Dibble in 1761, and by the Rey. Mr. Punderson in 1763, who says, "that he preached a lecture there, the people giving a cheerful attendance, &c."

At the intersection of the New York and Albany Post Road with the road leading to the railroad station is the Protestant Episcopal church of St. Augustine. Episcopal services were also performed at the village of Croton, in this parish, by Mr. Wetmore in 1756, by the Rev. Mr. Dibble in 1761, and by the Rey. Mr. Punderson in 1763, who says, "that he preached a lecture there, the people giving a cheerful attendance, &c."

The lot on which it stands was the gift of Philip G. Van Wyck, Esq., a grandson of the late Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Van Cortlandt.

The Methodist Episcopal church, which was erected soon after the Revolutionary war (some say 1796-7), occupies a commanding position on a knoll overlooking the Albany and New York Post road. The land on which it stands, including the cemetery, consisting of four acres was the gift of the Hon. Pierre Van Cortlandt first Lieutenant-Governor of the State just previous to the erection of the church edifice. The Lieutenant-Governor is said to have joined the Methodist body through the influence of Mr. Freeborn Garretson who married his wife's cousin. This society are now erecting a new structure of brick which has already cost in the neighborhood of $4,000 ; but the situation chosen is a very low one and far inferior to the site of the old structure. The present pastor is the Rev. Mr. Ronalds. The Friends Meeting-house is in the immediate neighborhood of the latter. Here is a convenient landing known as the Collabergh landing from whence sloops ply to the city of New York, and other places on the Hudson River. There is also the Croton landing, Depot of the Hudson River Railroad, telegraph station, Post Office, numerous fine dwellings and stores -- together with five brick yards owned by Mr.

The present pastor is the Rev. Mr. Ronalds. The Friends Meeting-house is in the immediate neighborhood of the latter. Here is a convenient landing known as the Collabergh landing from whence sloops ply to the city of New York, and other places on the Hudson River. There is also the Croton landing, Depot of the Hudson River Railroad, telegraph station, Post Office, numerous fine dwellings and stores -- together with five brick yards owned by Mr. Philip G. Van Wyck, Col. Pierre Van Cortlandt and Mr. John Cocks, and occupied by Geo. W. Morton, Nicholas Mehrhoff & Bro., and George J. Barlow, employing about 150 men and paying out some $35,000 per season. To the east of Croton village, the Collabergh mountains -- a high ridge encompassed by woods-- towers far above the surrounding hills, at the foot of which is situated the Collabergh pond (a beautiful sylvan lake in miniature) supplied by neverfailing springs of pure water.

Near the mouth of the Croton River stands the Cortlandt Manor House, late the residence of Gen. Philip Van Cortlandt, but now in possession of his nephew, Col. Pierre Van Cortlandt. This venerable mansion, one of the oldest edifices now remaining on the borders of the

THE TOWN OV CORTLANDT.

Hudson was built soon after the erection of the Manor by Johannes Van Cortlandt, eldest son of De Hur Stephanus Van Cortlandt first lord of the Manor. Although tradition says that when Van Cortlandt purchase^ from Governor Thomas Dongan, in 1683-4, the domain of Kitchawan, the latter had already begun improvements, intending to complete a fortified country seat for the convenience of fishing, hawking and hunting in the neighboring waters, low lands and forests. Tradition also adds, that Dongan planted apple-trees not far from the site of the Manor house. A variety of the fruit known as the " Dongan apple," is yet grown on the estate.

Although tradition says that when Van Cortlandt purchase^ from Governor Thomas Dongan, in 1683-4, the domain of Kitchawan, the latter had already begun improvements, intending to complete a fortified country seat for the convenience of fishing, hawking and hunting in the neighboring waters, low lands and forests. Tradition also adds, that Dongan planted apple-trees not far from the site of the Manor house. A variety of the fruit known as the " Dongan apple," is yet grown on the estate. Quaint and picturesque in form, the old house harmonizes well with its natural surroundings. It stands near the foot of an abrupt slope of a high wooded hill, that shelters it from the keen northern blasts of winter. Before it, is a fine lawn, gently sloping to the water's edge, and shaded by magnificent trees.

The manor house was built for the two-fold purpose of a country residence and a fort. Its solid walls of gray stone, three feet in thickness, were pierced on every side with loop-holes for musketry. Some of these may yet be seen in the rear walls, and one in particular that has been recently opened on the front or south side of the dinning-room which presents the form of the Egyptian T. H. T. One of the principal objects the builder (whether Governor Dongan or Johannes Van Cortlandt) had in view was security against the Indians, who at one time were very numerous in this neighborhood.4 In fact its noble owners never knew when they were secure from the inroads of the savages, but in proportion to the strength and security of their habitation. The principal sachem of Kitchtawan, when Stephanus Van Cortlandt made the purchase, was Sackima Wicker, a son probably of the illustrious Indian warrior Croton or Noten, who had for a long period lived and exercised his authority at the mouth of the river still bearing his name.

One of the principal objects the builder (whether Governor Dongan or Johannes Van Cortlandt) had in view was security against the Indians, who at one time were very numerous in this neighborhood.4 In fact its noble owners never knew when they were secure from the inroads of the savages, but in proportion to the strength and security of their habitation. The principal sachem of Kitchtawan, when Stephanus Van Cortlandt made the purchase, was Sackima Wicker, a son probably of the illustrious Indian warrior Croton or Noten, who had for a long period lived and exercised his authority at the mouth of the river still bearing his name. This war-like individual had erected in his life time a fort on the Point, a little south-west of where the manor house now stands well guarded and protected, as a defence for his rich domain against hostile intruders.

A large Indian bow now lies across a pair of magnificent mooseantlers over the main entrance door to the mansion, which was given, it is said, by that sachem to the first lord of the manor, and has been handed down to the present proprietor. But to return to our description of the house -- it has a high basement, a second story, which includes the principal apartments; and a third, lighted by dormer-windows. Around the front and ends of the mansion is a broad veranda, shaded by traila Still pn servpd at the manor house are various articles of Indian pottery, hatchets, pipes, pcsUcs, chopping knives and arrow heads all dug up in this vicinity at various dates.

A large Indian bow now lies across a pair of magnificent mooseantlers over the main entrance door to the mansion, which was given, it is said, by that sachem to the first lord of the manor, and has been handed down to the present proprietor. But to return to our description of the house -- it has a high basement, a second story, which includes the principal apartments; and a third, lighted by dormer-windows. Around the front and ends of the mansion is a broad veranda, shaded by traila Still pn servpd at the manor house are various articles of Indian pottery, hatchets, pipes, pcsUcs, chopping knives and arrow heads all dug up in this vicinity at various dates.

1 85 . HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

ing vines. From it the eye may take in, at a glance, Croton Bay (the Kitchtawan of the Indians so-called on account of the abundance of wild-fowl that frequented it), over which stretches the Hudson River Railway. Croton Point, so famous for its grapes and wine, and the broad expanse of the Tappan Sea, made classical by the genius of Irving ; and the Hudson River, with both its shores, as far down as Dobbs's Ferry on the east, and Point-no-point on the west. Turning to the right, and looking over Croton Point (se-was-qua), the high and rugged range of Tom Mountains, extending back of the village of Haverstraw, breaks upon the vision ; while in the foreground is seen Haverstraw Bay, famous with clustering associations of the treason of Arnold and the fate of Andre\

Croton Point, so famous for its grapes and wine, and the broad expanse of the Tappan Sea, made classical by the genius of Irving ; and the Hudson River, with both its shores, as far down as Dobbs's Ferry on the east, and Point-no-point on the west. Turning to the right, and looking over Croton Point (se-was-qua), the high and rugged range of Tom Mountains, extending back of the village of Haverstraw, breaks upon the vision ; while in the foreground is seen Haverstraw Bay, famous with clustering associations of the treason of Arnold and the fate of Andre\

Eastward of the mansion, and lying parallel with the Croton, is a spacious garden or pleasure-ground, rich with choice flowers and table delicacies. A long walk leads through this garden to the ancient "Ferry House," about which gather memories of incidents of the old war for Independence. A pleasant road up to the high bridge of the Croton at the old head of navigation -- a rickety structure, which seemed ready to tumble into the stream more than a dozen years ago. During the Revolutionary war there was no bridge between the mouth of the Croton and the old "Pine Bridge," until the "Continental" or "New Bridge" was erected, and that stood about a mile east of the present structure;* so that old "Pines Bridge" which crossed the Croton about a mile above the present dam, is the famous one so often spoken of in the narratives of events on the "Neutral Ground" during the war for Independence. This ancient Ferry did all the transportation between the latter region and the American lines. The bay is making rapid progress toward the condition of a salt meadow. In 1840, the swollen Croton River broke away the dam connected with the aqueduct by which New York city is supplied with water, and swept down into the bay, an enormous quantity of earth, on which occasion the river, directly opposite the mansion, rose suddenly to the height of eight feet above the ordinary tide level, while up the river about half a mile to the eastward, it exceeded fifty feet.

The bay is making rapid progress toward the condition of a salt meadow. In 1840, the swollen Croton River broke away the dam connected with the aqueduct by which New York city is supplied with water, and swept down into the bay, an enormous quantity of earth, on which occasion the river, directly opposite the mansion, rose suddenly to the height of eight feet above the ordinary tide level, while up the river about half a mile to the eastward, it exceeded fifty feet. Where the Shad and Herring fishery was once carried on successfully, is now an oozy marsh; where vessels before rode at anchor, green grass may now be seen at low tide. It is said that the bay was once famous, too, throughout the country as the favorite resort of vast flocks of canvass back ducks. Into the mouth of that bay, -- according to the leagues, latitude and topograhy given in the log-book

a Testimony of David Merrltt of Cortlandtown. McDonald MSS. In possession of George H. Moore, Esq., of New York llist. Society.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

of the navigator, -- Henry Hudson sailed and anchored the "Half-Moon" at sunset on Sunday, the 1st of October, 1609, O. S., or about seventyfive years before the manor-house was built.

As we have previously shown, when Stephanus Van Cortlandt became full proprietor of the grand domain, it was erected into the Lordship and Manor of Cortlandt, by royal charter, bearing the date of June 17, 1697. That charter, written on parchment, and preserved at the manor-house, with the circular tin box containing the crumpled royal seal, has upon it a well engraved portrait of the royal grantor, King William III, of England, &c.

S., or about seventyfive years before the manor-house was built.

As we have previously shown, when Stephanus Van Cortlandt became full proprietor of the grand domain, it was erected into the Lordship and Manor of Cortlandt, by royal charter, bearing the date of June 17, 1697. That charter, written on parchment, and preserved at the manor-house, with the circular tin box containing the crumpled royal seal, has upon it a well engraved portrait of the royal grantor, King William III, of England, &c.

Tradition says that for the purpose of surveying the lands to be included in the royal charter of 1697, Stephanus Van Cortlandt started from the Croton in a per-i-auger, having on board a party of surveyors, accompanied by several Indians, who were designed to act as pioneers ; proceeding up the Hudson, they disembarked at St. Anthony's Nose where the Indians were immediately started on a day's walk, or journey, as they termed it, into the wilderness (20 English miles) to mark the northern and eastern boundaries of the eighty-three thousand acres to be included in the grand domain. Van Cortlandt and some of the party remaining on St. Anthony's Nose near the red cedar tree which was to mark the north-west corner of Cortlandt manor, and the southernmost bounds of Adolph Philips's patent, and now marks the dividing lines between Westchester and Putnam counties.

The manor-house is distinguished not only for its antiquity, but for the character of its tenantry, guests, and its scenes. Its earlier owners were notable men in the annals of the Province and State of New York. Doubtless at the table, there sat most of the Provincial Governors, from Hunter and Ingolsby down to Colden, at the kindling of the Revolution, with whom the Van Cortlandt's sympathized. The career of Leisler had drawn party lines very distinctly, and some of the governors could not have been welcome at the manor-house.

The manor-house is distinguished not only for its antiquity, but for the character of its tenantry, guests, and its scenes. Its earlier owners were notable men in the annals of the Province and State of New York. Doubtless at the table, there sat most of the Provincial Governors, from Hunter and Ingolsby down to Colden, at the kindling of the Revolution, with whom the Van Cortlandt's sympathized. The career of Leisler had drawn party lines very distinctly, and some of the governors could not have been welcome at the manor-house. After the Revolution such staunch patriots were ever welcome, as Governor George Clinton (whose daughter was the wife of Gen. Pierre Van Cortlandt.) Gen. Schuyler, Robert Livingston, John Jay and others. "Citizen" Genet> who also married a daughter of Clinton, was frequently there, and also distinguished travelers' from abroad. Colonel Brant, the Mohawk chief, dined there once under peculiar circumstances. One Sunday, while attending divine service in a little church near Croton, Col. Van Cortlandt saw a well dressed Indian leaning upon a window sill listening to the sermon. On learning that it was Brant, who was stopping at a tavern near by, he sent an invitation to the chief to come and dine with

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

him. The late war became the topic of conversation. The Colonel had once chased Brant, and had been conscious that Indian sharpshooters had attempted to kill him while he was leaning against a tree. When the Colonel spoke of this, Brant replied, "I ordered one of my best marksmen to pick you off but you seemed bullet-proof."

On learning that it was Brant, who was stopping at a tavern near by, he sent an invitation to the chief to come and dine with

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

him. The late war became the topic of conversation. The Colonel had once chased Brant, and had been conscious that Indian sharpshooters had attempted to kill him while he was leaning against a tree. When the Colonel spoke of this, Brant replied, "I ordered one of my best marksmen to pick you off but you seemed bullet-proof."

The eminent George Whitefield once preached eloquently to Van Cortlandt's assembled tennants from the veranda of the manor-house. Dr. Franklin rested there when he was returning from his fatiguing mission to Canada, late in the spring of 1776, journeying from Albany to New York in Gen. Schuyler's post-chaise. Washington was many times at the mansion, while the American army lay on the shores of the Hudson. There Col. Henry B. Livingston had his quarters while watching the Vulture, off Teller's (now Croton) Point, at the time of the treason of Arnold. There Lafayette, and Rochambeau, and the Duke de Lauzun, were entertained; and the manor-house was always open as a resting place of some of the most eminent of the Methodist preachers, such as Asbury and Garretson, in the early days of the American branch of that church.

He who extended these hospitalities for the period of half a century or more, was Pierre Van Cortlandt -- who was a member of the New York Provincial Congress, chairman of the New York Committee of Safety, and for eighteen successive years from the organization of the State Government, in 1777, was Lieut. Governor of the Commonwealth. He espoused the cause of the patriots at the beginning. Crowr officers in America tried to win him to the Tory side.

He who extended these hospitalities for the period of half a century or more, was Pierre Van Cortlandt -- who was a member of the New York Provincial Congress, chairman of the New York Committee of Safety, and for eighteen successive years from the organization of the State Government, in 1777, was Lieut. Governor of the Commonwealth. He espoused the cause of the patriots at the beginning. Crowr officers in America tried to win him to the Tory side. In 1774, Gov. Tryon essayed to seduce him. The event is best related in the words of his eldest son, Gen. Philip Van Cortlandt, at that time twenty-five years of age: -- "I remember," he records in his diary, "Gov. Tryon came in a vessel, bringing his wife and a young lady, who was a daughter of the Hon. John Watts, a relative of my father, and Col. Edmund Fanning, his friend and secretary; and after remaining a night he proposed a walk, and after proceeding to the highest point of land on the farm, being a height which affords a most delightful prospect; when the governor commenced with observing what great favors could be obtained if my father would relinquish his opposition to the views of the King and Parliament of Great Britain, what grants of land could and would be the consequence, in addition to other favors of eminence, consequence, &c My father then observed that he was chosen a representative by the unanimous approbation of a people who placed confidence in his integrity to use all his ability for their benefit and the good of his country, as a true patriot, which line of conduct he was determined io pursue. The

Edmund Fanning, his friend and secretary; and after remaining a night he proposed a walk, and after proceeding to the highest point of land on the farm, being a height which affords a most delightful prospect; when the governor commenced with observing what great favors could be obtained if my father would relinquish his opposition to the views of the King and Parliament of Great Britain, what grants of land could and would be the consequence, in addition to other favors of eminence, consequence, &c My father then observed that he was chosen a representative by the unanimous approbation of a people who placed confidence in his integrity to use all his ability for their benefit and the good of his country, as a true patriot, which line of conduct he was determined io pursue. The

t

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

Gov. then turned to Col. Fanning and said : ' I find our business here must terminate, for nothing can be effected in this place, so we will return;' which they did by taking a short and hasty farewell, and embarked on board the sloop and returned to New York. This was in the year 1774.""

The patriot suffered for his principles during the war that ensued. His wife, Joanna Livingston, fled before the invading British to Livingston's manor. The house was plundered. Even carved wainscoting was carried away, and made to grace a mansion in New York; and the Dutch tiles around a fireplace were taken out and used as dining plates.

Fanning and said : ' I find our business here must terminate, for nothing can be effected in this place, so we will return;' which they did by taking a short and hasty farewell, and embarked on board the sloop and returned to New York. This was in the year 1774.""

The patriot suffered for his principles during the war that ensued. His wife, Joanna Livingston, fled before the invading British to Livingston's manor. The house was plundered. Even carved wainscoting was carried away, and made to grace a mansion in New York; and the Dutch tiles around a fireplace were taken out and used as dining plates.

Gov. Van Cortlandt died in 1814, in the ninety-fourth year of his age. His son, Philip, who was a distinguished officer in the Continental army during the War for Independence, was the last heir of the entail. He kept up the hospitalities of the mansion until his death, in 1831 ; when the estate passed into the possession of its present owner, Col. Pierre Van Cortlandt (son of Philip's third brother, Gen. Pierre Van Cortlandt), who inherited it from his uncle. This gentleman married Catharine, daughter of the late eminent Dr. Theodrick Romeyn Beck, of Albany. He became the first proprietor of the estate in fee simple. Like their predecessors, he and his accomplished wife dispense a refined hospitality to friends and strangers.

The Manor house contains interesting pictures, manuscripts and relicts of the past. There may be seen full-length portraits of the earlier Van Cortlandts in their younger days -- one representing John Van Cortlandt as a boy of about twelve years of age, dressed in a long blue coat reaching to the knees, with large cuffs turned up to the elbows, knee breeches, scarlet stockings, high shoes and silver buckles, his right hand resting on a stag.

The Manor house contains interesting pictures, manuscripts and relicts of the past. There may be seen full-length portraits of the earlier Van Cortlandts in their younger days -- one representing John Van Cortlandt as a boy of about twelve years of age, dressed in a long blue coat reaching to the knees, with large cuffs turned up to the elbows, knee breeches, scarlet stockings, high shoes and silver buckles, his right hand resting on a stag. It deserves to be mentioned here that the head and horns of this very animal (as descendants of that wild race which anciently spread from the Hudson to Connecticut) are still preserved in the hall. The late General Pierre Van Cortlandt has left this memorandum relative to them -- " That the deer of which this is the head and homs was raised by my uncle John Van Cortlandt about the year 1730, and which head and horns has been preserved and kept by my late father until his death and still by me. Pierre Van Cortlandt." Another portrait represents Pierre (afterwards Lieutenant-Governor) as a boy of about ten years of age, in a scarlet coat, with white silk stockings and a grey-hound by his side. Abraham, still older, is depicted in a russet coat and red stockings, with high-heeled shoes and buckles. These paintings are said to be over 140 years old, and represent three sons of Philip Van Corto Gen. Philip Van Cortlandt '3 Diary.

IQO HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Pierre Van Cortlandt." Another portrait represents Pierre (afterwards Lieutenant-Governor) as a boy of about ten years of age, in a scarlet coat, with white silk stockings and a grey-hound by his side. Abraham, still older, is depicted in a russet coat and red stockings, with high-heeled shoes and buckles. These paintings are said to be over 140 years old, and represent three sons of Philip Van Corto Gen. Philip Van Cortlandt '3 Diary.

IQO HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

landt and Catherine de Peyster. Beside the above there is a fine portrait of Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Van Cortlandt, painted by Jarvis; Joanna, wife of the Governor, and third daughter of Gilbert Livingston and Cornelia Beekman ; General Pierre Van Cortlandt, by Collins ; Catharine, first wife of the General and eldest daugther of George Clinton, Vice-President of the United States, by Aimes ; Anne Stevenson, second wife of General Pierre Van Cortlandt, by Aimes ; Mrs. Magdelen Stevenson, mother of Ann, by Aimes ; Col. Pierre Van Cortlandt and Mrs. Catharine E. Van Cortlandt, his wife, daughter of Dr. Theodrick Romeyn Beck ; Theodrick Romeyn Beck of Albany, author of Beck's Medical Jurisprudence, &c, and members of the family, some of them painted by the late Charles L. Elliott j also a medallion portrait of Dr. T. R. Beck, by Palmer ; portraits of George Clinton, Vice-President of the United States and Governor of New York and lady, in crayons, by St. Menor Valdenuit ; miniatures of George Clinton, Pierre Van Cortlandt and Gilbert Van Cortlandt, by Edward Malbon ; and Catharine Clinton Van Cortlandt, artist unknown; a portrait of Brant, painted from life at Albany for William Caldwell, Esq., of Albany, the grandfather of Mrs. C. E. Van Cortlandt, and over the top of the frame is thrown a sash that belonged to the chief.

Beck, by Palmer ; portraits of George Clinton, Vice-President of the United States and Governor of New York and lady, in crayons, by St. Menor Valdenuit ; miniatures of George Clinton, Pierre Van Cortlandt and Gilbert Van Cortlandt, by Edward Malbon ; and Catharine Clinton Van Cortlandt, artist unknown; a portrait of Brant, painted from life at Albany for William Caldwell, Esq., of Albany, the grandfather of Mrs. C. E. Van Cortlandt, and over the top of the frame is thrown a sash that belonged to the chief.

Among the family plate is the " large silver tankard marked with the family coat of arms," which in 1754 was bequeathed by Stephen Van Cortlandt (son of Philip and grandson of Stephanus first lord of the Manor) to his eldest son Col. Philip Van Cortlandt, who afterwards took such an active part against the Revolution ; a silver shaving cup or christening bowl with two handles, very curious, brought to this country by Oloff Stevenson Van Cortlandt from Holland in 1638; a gold papspoon, with little golden bells on the handle to charm the babe while it was feeding, which was also brought from Holland ; a silver tea kettle formerly belonging to the De Peysters -- Catharine De Peyster having married Philip Van Cortlandt, son of Stephanus in 1709; it was made in France and probably taken to Holland from that country by the Depeysters; a sugar sifter of beaten silver work brought from Holland; large silver bowl used for " suppaan," to which may be added two, magnificent pitchers, inscribed as follows : --

Philip Van Cortlandt, who afterwards took such an active part against the Revolution ; a silver shaving cup or christening bowl with two handles, very curious, brought to this country by Oloff Stevenson Van Cortlandt from Holland in 1638; a gold papspoon, with little golden bells on the handle to charm the babe while it was feeding, which was also brought from Holland ; a silver tea kettle formerly belonging to the De Peysters -- Catharine De Peyster having married Philip Van Cortlandt, son of Stephanus in 1709; it was made in France and probably taken to Holland from that country by the Depeysters; a sugar sifter of beaten silver work brought from Holland; large silver bowl used for " suppaan," to which may be added two, magnificent pitchers, inscribed as follows : --

PRESENTED

GENERAL PIERRE VAN CORTLANDT

BY THE

Directors of the Westchexter County Bank, June, 1836.

THE TOWN OF CORTLANDT.

In the dining-room is the large table brought from Holland and taken during the Revolution to Livingston Manor by Joanna Livingston, the wife of Lieutenant-Governor Pierre Van Cortlandt. The mantel contains a very handsome clock, manufactured in Paris to commemorate Bonaparte's Egyptian campaign ornamented with sphinxes, emperial eagle, &c, composed of French ormolu and white marble. The buffet which surmounts the mantle contains some curious china and glass, among which may be enumerated a porcelain figure of a monster, with the body and legs of an elephant and a grim head, half brute and half human, and some Japanse figures upon its back all indicative of the connection of the first emigrant to America with the Dutch West India Company. This very curious ornament for many years stood on the parlor mantel piece at Castle Philipse near Tarrytown, then occupied by the Beekman family -- but in 1847 Cornelia Van Cortlandt, wife of Dr.

The buffet which surmounts the mantle contains some curious china and glass, among which may be enumerated a porcelain figure of a monster, with the body and legs of an elephant and a grim head, half brute and half human, and some Japanse figures upon its back all indicative of the connection of the first emigrant to America with the Dutch West India Company. This very curious ornament for many years stood on the parlor mantel piece at Castle Philipse near Tarrytown, then occupied by the Beekman family -- but in 1847 Cornelia Van Cortlandt, wife of Dr. Gerard G. Beekman, and sister of General Pierre Van Cortlandt, restored this heir-loom to the manor house ; some curious china brought by Captain Dean from China for Gen. Pierre Van Cortlandt and late James Caldwell of Albany, cornucopia for flowers, brought from Holland; curious glass goblets, opaque thread in stems, pair of buckles made of conch shells, &c, &c. In china closet, in parlor -- old china brought from the east in the early part of seventeenth century by the Van Cortlandts, including a china stand for ashes of pipe with brass foot ; very small and ancient tea-pots, china shaving-basin, the property of late William Caldwell of Albany in use 153 years. Piece of china which belonged to Lord Fairfax over 200 years old ; glass tumbler with colored figures brought by theRomeyn's from Holland in 1654, and. then thought to be very old; box made of wood of the " Endeavour," the ship in which Capt. Cook sailed round the world ; she was brought to Newport, R. I., condemned as unseaworthy; the keel was sold to a cabinetmaker, and used for canes, boxes, &c. Medallion of Franklin, made of the red clay of Passy. Beaumarchais caused them to be struck from a profile sketched by Mile.

Piece of china which belonged to Lord Fairfax over 200 years old ; glass tumbler with colored figures brought by theRomeyn's from Holland in 1654, and. then thought to be very old; box made of wood of the " Endeavour," the ship in which Capt. Cook sailed round the world ; she was brought to Newport, R. I., condemned as unseaworthy; the keel was sold to a cabinetmaker, and used for canes, boxes, &c. Medallion of Franklin, made of the red clay of Passy. Beaumarchais caused them to be struck from a profile sketched by Mile. Anna Vallayu, fur cap on head, very rare ; buttons from Yager coat worn by Paulding when he captured Andre, and given by him to General Pierre Van Cortlandt ; agate and silver casket, very old, &c.

The Library contains a valuable collection of books, autographs, &c. Among the former may be enumerated a Dutch translation of the "Common Prayer Book," entitled, "Het Boek Dar Gemeene Gebederen," Bedieninge du sacramenten Nevens Andrew Koskelyke Gewomteny lytyheden gebruykelyk in de Kerke von Engeland, &c, printed in "London by Jan. Hendrick Schuller, mdcciv (1704), Dedicated to Queene

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Anne. On one of the fly leaves is recorded the following, in the handwriting of Gen Pierre Van Cortlandt: -- " Pierre Van Cortlandt's ejus Liber, March 1st, i739-40."a The Negro Plot, by the Recorder of New York, entitled, "A Journal of the detection of the Conspiracy, New York, printed by James Parker, 1744. A copy of this work brought $240 at Manzie's sale. This copy was once the property of the Hon. William P. Smith; sold by him to William Livingston with MSS. Notes, by Smith, "New England Judged," 1703; "Funeral Oration" on Washington by Major Michael Gabriel Houdin, with a portrait of the author, 1800.

On one of the fly leaves is recorded the following, in the handwriting of Gen Pierre Van Cortlandt: -- " Pierre Van Cortlandt's ejus Liber, March 1st, i739-40."a The Negro Plot, by the Recorder of New York, entitled, "A Journal of the detection of the Conspiracy, New York, printed by James Parker, 1744. A copy of this work brought $240 at Manzie's sale. This copy was once the property of the Hon. William P. Smith; sold by him to William Livingston with MSS. Notes, by Smith, "New England Judged," 1703; "Funeral Oration" on Washington by Major Michael Gabriel Houdin, with a portrait of the author, 1800. Among the autographs is the poetical effusion of the wife of his excellency President James Madison, addressed to Mr. Pierre Van Cortlandt, Junr: --

" Happy the man, and he alone, Who, master of himself can say, To-day at least hath heen my own, For I have clearly lived to-day." -- D. P. Madison.

Next occurs a letter from Gen. Lafayette to Charles King, Esq.

La Grange, September 28, 1832.

This letter my dear sir, will be delivered by Mr. Fiorelli, a young Italian sculptor, a refugee patriot, nephew to the gentleman whom I introduced to you in 1824. I recommend him to your good ad\rice, and beg you to accept the best wishes and regards of your obliged and affectionate friend, Lafayette.

There is also an original letter from Gen. Washington, dated Mount Vernon, April 3d, 1797, to Mrs. Clinton, and likewise, one from Mrs. Washington to the same. The following memorandum occurs in an old almanac of 1783, in the hand-writing of Lieut. Governor Pierre Van Cortlandt : --

Fiorelli, a young Italian sculptor, a refugee patriot, nephew to the gentleman whom I introduced to you in 1824. I recommend him to your good ad\rice, and beg you to accept the best wishes and regards of your obliged and affectionate friend, Lafayette.

There is also an original letter from Gen. Washington, dated Mount Vernon, April 3d, 1797, to Mrs. Clinton, and likewise, one from Mrs. Washington to the same. The following memorandum occurs in an old almanac of 1783, in the hand-writing of Lieut. Governor Pierre Van Cortlandt : --

"N. B. I went from Peekskill, Tuesday, the 18th of November, in company with his excellency Gov. Clinton, Col. Benson and Col. Campbell; lodged that night with Gen Cortlandt at Croton River, proceeded and lodged Wednesday night at Edw. Covenhaven's where we mett his excellency Gen. Washington and his Aids. 1 he next night we lodged with Mr. Frederick Van Cortlandt at The Yonkers, after having dined with Gen. Lewis Morris. Fryday morning we rode in cotnpany with the Commander-in-Chief as far as the Widow Day's, at Harlem,

a Copy of a letter from non. John Romeyn Brodhead to Mrs. Pierre Van Cortlandt, June 13th, 1SB5 : -- " You will see in Sieutans memories of Nelson, (the author of " Fasts and Festivals ") page 136, a reference to a Dutoh translation of Common Prayer Book'"-- (Ho refers also to an autograph note from Mr. Julian Verplauck's regarding the edition of 1711, as a great curiosity just added to the State library.) " Let me congratulate you on possessing an unique copy (as far as I know) of this precious rtcni. I hold myself happy that the old (governor's book was used by me at Briar Cliff on Trinity Sunday of 1865, more than a century after Pierre's ancestor wrote his autograph 011 its leaves."

Pierre Van Cortlandt, June 13th, 1SB5 : -- " You will see in Sieutans memories of Nelson, (the author of " Fasts and Festivals ") page 136, a reference to a Dutoh translation of Common Prayer Book'"-- (Ho refers also to an autograph note from Mr. Julian Verplauck's regarding the edition of 1711, as a great curiosity just added to the State library.) " Let me congratulate you on possessing an unique copy (as far as I know) of this precious rtcni. I hold myself happy that the old (governor's book was used by me at Briar Cliff on Trinity Sunday of 1865, more than a century after Pierre's ancestor wrote his autograph 011 its leaves."

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J93

whore we held a council. Saturday I rode down to Mr. Stuyvesant's (his brother-in-law), stayed there until Tuesday. Then rode triumphant into the city with the commander."

In this same apartment is a small mahogany writing table at which his excellency DeWitt Clinton, Governor of New York, was writing when he expired so suddenly on Monday, i ith of February, 1828. This valuable relic was the property of Hendrick Romeyn Beck, who left it to his daughter, Mrs. C. E. Van Cortlandt. A small silver plate inserted under the table bears the following inscription: -- "At this table DeWitt Clinton was sitting when he died." There is also preserved a desk seal of DeWitt Clinton, given by his sons to Theodrick R. Beck. There is a fine bust of the Hon. Pierre Van Cortlandt, executed from the original portrait by Jarvis; and a portrait of Gen. Pierre Van Cortlandt, executed in crayons by Valdenuit in 1797. Also the silver mounted pistols of the Lieut. Governor. The suit of apartments on the principal floor are painted to imitate oak wainscoting.

A small silver plate inserted under the table bears the following inscription: -- "At this table DeWitt Clinton was sitting when he died." There is also preserved a desk seal of DeWitt Clinton, given by his sons to Theodrick R. Beck. There is a fine bust of the Hon. Pierre Van Cortlandt, executed from the original portrait by Jarvis; and a portrait of Gen. Pierre Van Cortlandt, executed in crayons by Valdenuit in 1797. Also the silver mounted pistols of the Lieut. Governor. The suit of apartments on the principal floor are painted to imitate oak wainscoting.

"There, too, is still preserved the 'haunted room,' in which from time immemorial, lodgers have heard, in the night, rustling like that produced by the passage through the apartment of a lady in a silk gown. Only occasionally may the rustling be heard. I have listened in that room for the 'ghost ' in vain. The shadowy dame or spinster never stoops to gratify idle curiosity. But the rustling has been frequently heard, and the natural causes which produce the sounds have not been discovered. The 'ghost' is harmless, and has never disturbed the repose of one of the most charming homes on the borders of the Hudson."'1

During the Revolutionary War the ancient " Ferry House was occupied by a continental guard to protect the ferry and all passes to and from the "neutral ground" which lay south of the Croton. Occasionally it was favored with the presence of Washington and other distinguished military officers.

But the rustling has been frequently heard, and the natural causes which produce the sounds have not been discovered. The 'ghost' is harmless, and has never disturbed the repose of one of the most charming homes on the borders of the Hudson."'1

During the Revolutionary War the ancient " Ferry House was occupied by a continental guard to protect the ferry and all passes to and from the "neutral ground" which lay south of the Croton. Occasionally it was favored with the presence of Washington and other distinguished military officers.

The following orders from Baron de Kalb bear date :

" Camp, nkae Croton Bridge, 19m July, 1778. " Colonel Malcolm's regiment is ordered to march at 2 o'clock to-morrow morning to the fort at West Point, on Hudson's River, with the regiment commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Parker, which is to join on the road near Croton Bridge. The commander of the two regiments (Col. Burr) will make all convenient dispatch, marching ten miles a day, as water and ground will admit. The Bakon De Kalb."6

o Much of the foregoing description of the Manor-house la derived from an article in the Republican of Slncc-Sinir, Thursday, July 31st, 1S72. Also, Apuletou's Journal, June 21su 18.3, No. 222 vol. lx ; Wavsiilc HeUcs.

6 Burr's Memoirs. VOL L, 131.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

During the winter of 1782, Capt. Daniel Williams, of the New. York levies, (stationed on the lines), having just returned from an excursion to Morrisania, was surprised by a party of the enemy's horse, in a barn near the Ferry House. George McClain, who behaved with the utmost gallantry on this occasion, was killed ; the rest of the party effected their escape on the ice.°

VOL L, 131.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

During the winter of 1782, Capt. Daniel Williams, of the New. York levies, (stationed on the lines), having just returned from an excursion to Morrisania, was surprised by a party of the enemy's horse, in a barn near the Ferry House. George McClain, who behaved with the utmost gallantry on this occasion, was killed ; the rest of the party effected their escape on the ice.°

The Van Cortlandt Cemetery is situated on the summit of a hill west of the mansion. Here is a marble tomb erected to the

Memory of the Honorable

PIERRE VAN CORTLANDT,

late Lieutenant-Governor of the State of New York,

And President of the Convention that

framed the Constitution thereof during the Revolutionary War with Great Britain.

He departed this life on the first day of May, in the year of our Lord 1814, in the ninety-fourth year of his age.

He was a patriot, of the first order, zealous to the last for the liberties of his country ; A man of exemplary virtues ; kind as a neighbor, fond and indulgent as a parent ; an honest man -- ever the friend of the poor ; respected and beloved.

The simplicity of his private life was that of an ancient Patriarch.

He died a bright witness of that perfect love which casts out the fear of death, putting his trust in the living God, and with full assurance of salvation in the redeeming love of Jesus Christ, retaining his recollection to the last, and calling upon his Saviour to take him to Himself.

He was a patriot, of the first order, zealous to the last for the liberties of his country ; A man of exemplary virtues ; kind as a neighbor, fond and indulgent as a parent ; an honest man -- ever the friend of the poor ; respected and beloved.

The simplicity of his private life was that of an ancient Patriarch.

He died a bright witness of that perfect love which casts out the fear of death, putting his trust in the living God, and with full assurance of salvation in the redeeming love of Jesus Christ, retaining his recollection to the last, and calling upon his Saviour to take him to Himself.

Near the Lieutenant-Governor are interred the remains of his illustrious son, Gen. Philip Van Cortlandt, who died November 21st, 1831, aged 82 ; and Johanna Van Cortlandt, wife of the Hon. Pierre Van Cortlandt, daughter of Gilbert and Cornelia Livingston, born at Kingston, in the county of Ulster, the 28th day of August, 1722, died at her

a David Merrit of Cortlandtowu, Oct. 12th, 1S15, says : " When the Refugees surprised Williams's post, at Orsers, a part of them went uorth and cut off ye retreat, driving Col. John Post, the guide and others upon ye ice, when Odell fought with two and escaped "--Conversation between Meritt and Jas. McDonald. McDonald MSS., in possession of George H. Moore librarian of New York Hist, Soc.

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'95

residence at Croton, on the 16th of September, iSoS, aged S7 years, &c. Also a tomb bearing the following inscription : --

a David Merrit of Cortlandtowu, Oct. 12th, 1S15, says : " When the Refugees surprised Williams's post, at Orsers, a part of them went uorth and cut off ye retreat, driving Col. John Post, the guide and others upon ye ice, when Odell fought with two and escaped "--Conversation between Meritt and Jas. McDonald. McDonald MSS., in possession of George H. Moore librarian of New York Hist, Soc.

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'95

residence at Croton, on the 16th of September, iSoS, aged S7 years, &c. Also a tomb bearing the following inscription : --

Sacred To the memory of

GERARD G. BEEKMAN, born

September 19, 1746, In the City of New York j died

June 23d, A. D. 1822. at his seat In the town of Mount Pleasant, County of West Chester, aged

73 years, 9 months, and 3 days.

Beside the above tombs, there is a small pedestal surmounted with a chaste urn, inscribed as follows : --

To the memory of CATHARINE, wife of

Col. Pierre Van Corli.andt, Junr., and eldest daughter of George Clinton, Esqr., Vice-President of the United States. "Tlie memory of the just is blessed ; "-- Prov. x : T.

May death's best slumbers occupy thy urn-- The heap that hides thee nature's livery wear ; O be thou sacred in the silent bourne, Till time rolls round the great Sabbatic year.

born at New London the 5th of November, 1770, she deceased at her residence, Peekskill, on the 10th January, 1811, aged 40 years, 2 months and 5 days, &c, &c.

"Tlie memory of the just is blessed ; "-- Prov. x : T.

May death's best slumbers occupy thy urn-- The heap that hides thee nature's livery wear ; O be thou sacred in the silent bourne, Till time rolls round the great Sabbatic year.

born at New London the 5th of November, 1770, she deceased at her residence, Peekskill, on the 10th January, 1811, aged 40 years, 2 months and 5 days, &c, &c.

Likewise a marble obelisk to the memory of Anne Van Cortlandt, wife of Gen. Pierre Van Cortlandt:

"She is not dead, but sleepeth."

Also monuments to Stephen, Gilbert and Gertrude Van Cortlandt. To the west of the cemetery, at the entrance of the neck proper, stood the Indian Castle or Fort of Kitchawan, one of the most ancient fortres-

196 • HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

ses south of the Highlands. The narrow pass which it occupied was well protected on the north by Indian Swamp, and on the south by the salt meadows. It is said to have been erected at a very early date by the sachem Croton, as a convenient rendezvous for the assembling of his war and hunting parties, and also for the object of commanding the rich treasuries of the Hudson and the wide estuary of the Croton. We have previously shown that Matsewakes was chief sachem of Kitchawan as early as 1641.

At a short distance east of the fort, on the south edge of Haunted Hollow, is situated the Indian burying ground of Kitchawan. Nothing can be more romantic and beautiful than its locality, "a clear proof of the good taste of those who selected and consecrated it for that object." There was formerly a current belief in the neighborhood that the forms of the ancient warriors still haunted the surrounding glens and woods.

We have previously shown that Matsewakes was chief sachem of Kitchawan as early as 1641.

At a short distance east of the fort, on the south edge of Haunted Hollow, is situated the Indian burying ground of Kitchawan. Nothing can be more romantic and beautiful than its locality, "a clear proof of the good taste of those who selected and consecrated it for that object." There was formerly a current belief in the neighborhood that the forms of the ancient warriors still haunted the surrounding glens and woods. The apparitions have been named, in consequence, "The Walking Sachems of Teller's Point." The road from the Manor House to Croton Landing passes along the edge of Haunted Hollow.

In connection with the above, another tradition deserves to be recorded, which asserts that several of the river tribes had a severe and sanguinary conflict with the Indians inhabiting the Point, which resulted in the defeat of the former; and, further, that the large mound or barrow near the entrance of the Point was erected over the dead who fell upon that memorable occasion. Be this as it may, indubitable evidence exists that a struggle must have taken place here at some time, from the fact, that vast quantities of warlike weapons have been found in the immediate vicinity of the fort.

A rural lane, bordered with luxuriant forest trees, leads from the main, called Enoch's Neck, to the Point proper, originally called by the Indians Senasqua, and by the English, Sarah's or Sarak's Point, the name derived from Sarah Teller, wife of William Teller, former proprietor. This lane passes immediately below the site of the Indian castle.

Be this as it may, indubitable evidence exists that a struggle must have taken place here at some time, from the fact, that vast quantities of warlike weapons have been found in the immediate vicinity of the fort.

A rural lane, bordered with luxuriant forest trees, leads from the main, called Enoch's Neck, to the Point proper, originally called by the Indians Senasqua, and by the English, Sarah's or Sarak's Point, the name derived from Sarah Teller, wife of William Teller, former proprietor. This lane passes immediately below the site of the Indian castle.

The Italian villa of the late R. T. Underhill, M.D., stands upon an elevated position near the extremity of the latter, commanding a very, extensive view of the Hudson River (nearly twenty-seven miles in .length) and adjacent country, in which Vredideka Hook forms a noble feature in the south-west. The basement of the building is constructed of Ashlar marble, cut in Sing-Sing; the upper portion consists of stucco brick. The whole edifice is in admirable keeping with the adjoining vineyards and surrounding scenery.

The late R. T., and Stephen A. Underhill who is the present proprietor of the Point proper, a grand-son of Robert Underhill, Esq., fifth in de-

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I97

scent from the famous Capt. John Underbill, High Constable of the North Riding of Yorkshire, upon Long Island.

The woods of Teller's Point afford a safe retreat for thousands of crows, (corvus corone Linn.) which here, unmolested and unwatched by the cruel farmer and gunner, have from time immemorial enjoyed an extensive "roost."

Underhill who is the present proprietor of the Point proper, a grand-son of Robert Underhill, Esq., fifth in de-

THE TOWN OF* CORTLANDT.

I97

scent from the famous Capt. John Underbill, High Constable of the North Riding of Yorkshire, upon Long Island.

The woods of Teller's Point afford a safe retreat for thousands of crows, (corvus corone Linn.) which here, unmolested and unwatched by the cruel farmer and gunner, have from time immemorial enjoyed an extensive "roost."

The canting, living crow

Whoso birth was in their tops, grew old and died, Among the branches, till at last they stood As here they stood, mossy, tall and dark, Fit shrine for humble worshipper to hold Communion with his maker. -- Bryant.

Daily towards sunset, may be seen approaching this sylvan abode,

"The blackening train of crows to their repose."

-- Burns.

When the Croton dam gave way in the fall of 1 840, the wild, hurrying torrent -- as it approached nearer and nearer -- is said to have sent a savage roar through these woods, causing the very watch-dogs to howl with fear.

A large fish pond lying east of Dr. Underbill's residence, is conjectured to have originally formed the bed of the Croton river, from the fact that trunks of trees have been discovered four or five feet beneath its muddy sediment.

The southern declivities of the Point towards the Croton Bay are covered with extensive vineyards of Catawba and Isabella. The table land also embraces luxuriant orchards and vineyards. The whole of the latter cover nearly an area of forty acres.

A large fish pond lying east of Dr. Underbill's residence, is conjectured to have originally formed the bed of the Croton river, from the fact that trunks of trees have been discovered four or five feet beneath its muddy sediment.

The southern declivities of the Point towards the Croton Bay are covered with extensive vineyards of Catawba and Isabella. The table land also embraces luxuriant orchards and vineyards. The whole of the latter cover nearly an area of forty acres.

Two thousand one hundred and fifty-four shad, and seven thousand herring, having been taken at single lifts in the adjoining waters. During the winter season, vast flocks of coot and black duck frequent the shores of the Croton and Haverstraw Bays.

There are numerous Revolutionary incidents connected with Croton or Teller's Point deserving of notice. It was off the western extremity that the Vulture, sloop of war, came to anchor on the morning of the 21st of September, 1780, having brought up Andre for the purpose of holding an interview with Arnold ;a and here she expected to have awaited his return -- but soon after the spy had embarked for the opposite shore, a barge filled with armed men from the Vulture, was seen approaching Teller's Point; whereupon, George Sherwood and John Pata See Greenburgh.

ic;8

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

terson, who were in the vicinity, seized their arms and hastened to the shore, resolved in their own rninds that the enemy should not land without opposition. For this purpose they concealed themselves behind the large rocks which still lie on the beach; and as the barge came sweeping along towards the shore, Patterson fired. His aim had been well directed, for an oar was seen to fall from the hands of one of the men on board, and much confusion was observed among them.

terson, who were in the vicinity, seized their arms and hastened to the shore, resolved in their own rninds that the enemy should not land without opposition. For this purpose they concealed themselves behind the large rocks which still lie on the beach; and as the barge came sweeping along towards the shore, Patterson fired. His aim had been well directed, for an oar was seen to fall from the hands of one of the men on board, and much confusion was observed among them. A second shot from Sherwood compelled them to return, which they did under a cover of canister and grape-shot from the Vulture, directed to that part of the beach where Petterson and Sherwood were concealed. The cannonade from the Vulture drew the attention of the people of Cortlandt-town to the scene of action. The Vulture lying in a position to be distinctly seen from Verplanck's Point, and the distance of country between it and the point on the Westchester shore, and likewise from Stony Point ; the town of Haverstraw, and the point where Andre and Arnold held their conference in Rockland County ; the grounds upon both sides of the river for many miles in extent sloping gradually towards the river-- gave the inhabitants a full view of the scene of action.

The inhabitants on the Westchester side had been upon the lookout, for they apprehended an attack under cover of the night. There were more, however, who entertained the opinion that it would be brought on before sunset, until Petterson and Sherwood commenced their fire.

The Vulture lying in a position to be distinctly seen from Verplanck's Point, and the distance of country between it and the point on the Westchester shore, and likewise from Stony Point ; the town of Haverstraw, and the point where Andre and Arnold held their conference in Rockland County ; the grounds upon both sides of the river for many miles in extent sloping gradually towards the river-- gave the inhabitants a full view of the scene of action.

The inhabitants on the Westchester side had been upon the lookout, for they apprehended an attack under cover of the night. There were more, however, who entertained the opinion that it would be brought on before sunset, until Petterson and Sherwood commenced their fire.

Many of them now hastened to the scene of action with a field-piece, which they had obtained of Col. Livingston, who was in command at Verplanck's Point ; and after erecting their little battery on the Point, they opened a well-directed fire against the Vulture. They soon compelled her to slip her cable and hoist sail. This circumstance prevented Andre from returning to New York by water.

" No sooner (says Sparks) had Andre* and Arnold arrived at Smith's house, than a cannonade was heard down the river. It was discovered to be against the Vulture, which, though distant several miles, was in full view, and for a time seemed to be on fire. It had been repotted to Colonel Livingston by messengers from Teller's Point, that the vessel was so near the shore as to be within reach of cannon-shot, and that the inhabitants were likewise apprehensive boats would land and commit depredations. Col. Livingston accordingly sent from Verplanck's Point a party with cannon, who fired upon the Vulture and compelled her to remove from the position she had held during the night, and drop farther down the river till she was beyond reach of the shot Andre

It had been repotted to Colonel Livingston by messengers from Teller's Point, that the vessel was so near the shore as to be within reach of cannon-shot, and that the inhabitants were likewise apprehensive boats would land and commit depredations. Col. Livingston accordingly sent from Verplanck's Point a party with cannon, who fired upon the Vulture and compelled her to remove from the position she had held during the night, and drop farther down the river till she was beyond reach of the shot Andre

THE TOWN OK CORTLANDT.

beheld the scene from the windows of Smith's house with anxious emotion ; at length the firing ceased, and he resumed his wonted spirits and composure."0

Upon another occasion, " while Enoch Crosby the Westchester spywas on duty in the vicinity of Teller's Point, a British sloop of war came up the river, and anchored in the stream opposite the point.

With an unconquerable predeliction for strategem, our hero immediately concerted a plot, for the sole purpose, he says, of affording " a little sport for his soldiers." He accordingly proceeded down to the Point, accompanied by six men, five of whom, besides himself, concealed themselves in the woods, which grew a short distance from the shore, while the other paraded the beach so as to display La Fayette's uniform in so conspicuous a manner, as to attract the notice of the officers on board the vesse!

The enemy swallowed the bait ; and a boat soon put off from the sloop of war, manned with eleven men, under the command of a lieutenant, to make a prisoner of this one yankee, who precipitately fled into the woods as the barge approached the shore. The Englishmen followed, threatening to shoot the fugitive unless he stopped and surrendered.

With an unconquerable predeliction for strategem, our hero immediately concerted a plot, for the sole purpose, he says, of affording " a little sport for his soldiers." He accordingly proceeded down to the Point, accompanied by six men, five of whom, besides himself, concealed themselves in the woods, which grew a short distance from the shore, while the other paraded the beach so as to display La Fayette's uniform in so conspicuous a manner, as to attract the notice of the officers on board the vesse!

The enemy swallowed the bait ; and a boat soon put off from the sloop of war, manned with eleven men, under the command of a lieutenant, to make a prisoner of this one yankee, who precipitately fled into the woods as the barge approached the shore. The Englishmen followed, threatening to shoot the fugitive unless he stopped and surrendered.

As soon as the pursuers had passed his own little party, which were scattered in various directions, Crosby exclaimed, '■ Come on, my boys ! now we have them !"

At this signal, every man sprang up in his place with a shout that made the welkin ring ; making at the same time such a rustling in the bushes, that the British, thinking themselves surrounded by a superior force, surrendered without resistance.

On the next day iney were marched to Fishkill, and confined in the old Dutch church."6

On 1 6th of October, 1799, (remarks Gen. Heath,) fourteen seamen were taken prisoners by Capt. Hallet's company of New York militia, two days before on the North River, near Teller's Point."

At this signal, every man sprang up in his place with a shout that made the welkin ring ; making at the same time such a rustling in the bushes, that the British, thinking themselves surrounded by a superior force, surrendered without resistance.

On the next day iney were marched to Fishkill, and confined in the old Dutch church."6

On 1 6th of October, 1799, (remarks Gen. Heath,) fourteen seamen were taken prisoners by Capt. Hallet's company of New York militia, two days before on the North River, near Teller's Point."

The surface of this town is hilly, and on the north-west mountainous. The soil consists principally of sand and gravelly loam; it is abundantly supplied with rivulets and springs of water.

The general growth of wood, is oak of all kinds, chestnut, hickory, elm, black and white ash, birch and pine.

a Sparks' Life of Arnold, 20«.

6 Barman's Spy Vmuaskeu, pp. 143, 150.

c Heath's Mem". 2'2.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OK WESTCHESTER.

The first independent election for officers of the town of Cortlandt, took place April ist, 1788, when the following individuals were chosen officers for the year ensuing: --

Philip Van Cortlandt, Supervisor.

Joseph Travis, Towu Clerk.

Daniel Birdscll )

Nathaniel Brown, - Poor Masters.

Pierre Van Cortlandt,)

David Ferris, Constable.

John Paulding, Collector.

John Jones, Nathaniel Brown, John Paulding, Bariah Richardson, Abraham Merritt,

Hercules Lent, Jonathan Ferris, Pierre Van Cortlandt,)

Abraham Lent, Henry Lent, son of

Hercules, Jarvis Dusenberry, Caleb Barton, John Haight,

John Jones, Henry Griffen, Abraham Merritt, John Paulding,

The first independent election for officers of the town of Cortlandt, took place April ist, 1788, when the following individuals were chosen officers for the year ensuing: --

Philip Van Cortlandt, Supervisor.

Joseph Travis, Towu Clerk.

Daniel Birdscll )

Nathaniel Brown, - Poor Masters.

Pierre Van Cortlandt,)

David Ferris, Constable.

John Paulding, Collector.

John Jones, Nathaniel Brown, John Paulding, Bariah Richardson, Abraham Merritt,

Hercules Lent, Jonathan Ferris, Pierre Van Cortlandt,)

Abraham Lent, Henry Lent, son of

Hercules, Jarvis Dusenberry, Caleb Barton, John Haight,

John Jones, Henry Griffen, Abraham Merritt, John Paulding,

Gerritt Storms, Philip Van Cortlandt, Elisha Hammon, Joshua Bishop, Thomas Conkling, J )hn Garrison, Joseph Mandeville, Richard Curry, Jr., John Ferris, John Lee, Daniel Hall, Ludlow Haight, Sam'l Field, Benj. McCord,

Fence Viewers.

- Commissioners of Highways

Assessors.

Pound Masters.

- Highway Masters.

THE TOWN

This township is situated ten miles south of White Plains, twenty miles north of New York, one hundred and forty from the city of Albany, and four east of the Hudson j bounded, north by Scarsdale, east by Pelham and New Rochelle, south by West Chester, and west by Yonkers. It is about seven miles long, north and south, and near two and a half miles wide. On the west it is washed by the Bronx river, (Aguehung) and on the east by Hutchinson's (Aqueanounck,) or East Chester creek, which enters a large bay of the same name, in the south east angle of this town.a

East Chester6 was at first called Hutchinsons, and subsequently, "The Ten Farms," an appellation derived from its ancient division among ten proprietors. The present name was conferred as early as 1666.

It is about seven miles long, north and south, and near two and a half miles wide. On the west it is washed by the Bronx river, (Aguehung) and on the east by Hutchinson's (Aqueanounck,) or East Chester creek, which enters a large bay of the same name, in the south east angle of this town.a

East Chester6 was at first called Hutchinsons, and subsequently, "The Ten Farms," an appellation derived from its ancient division among ten proprietors. The present name was conferred as early as 1666.

The lands of East Chester, were formerly included in the Indian grant of 1640, whereby the Indians conveyed to the Dutch, all the territory situated between the town of Greenwich and the North River.

Upon the 14th of November, 1654, Thomas Pell obtained a second grant from the aboriginal proprietors, which also embraced the present township. Twelve years later we find the inhabitants of East Chester confirmed in all their rights by the Mohegan Sachems, Gramatan, Woariatapus, Annhooke, (alias Wampage,) and Porrige.

The undivided lands, which were a long time in controversy between the two towns of East and West Chester, appear to have been held by

a See N. Y. GaztUer.

b This name, Chester, says Camden, " comes plainly from the Roman Castrum " Camden's Brlttania.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OK WESTCHESTER.

the Indians up to a late period of colonial history. The aboriginal names of Coranases and Conoval, frequently occur in the early deeds of this town.

A castle of the Sinamon Indians formerly stood on the hill in the rear of Dr. Philemon Fowler's residence, in the 'village of East Chester.

Y. GaztUer.

b This name, Chester, says Camden, " comes plainly from the Roman Castrum " Camden's Brlttania.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OK WESTCHESTER.

the Indians up to a late period of colonial history. The aboriginal names of Coranases and Conoval, frequently occur in the early deeds of this town.

A castle of the Sinamon Indians formerly stood on the hill in the rear of Dr. Philemon Fowler's residence, in the 'village of East Chester.

Indian wigwams formerly occupied the site of Daniel Morgan's residence, bordering the Aqueauouncke (Hutchinson's) river, and the mill of Stephen Anderson, upon the same stream.

Vast quantities of arrow and spear heads are found in every portion of this district, showing that it was once a great hunting country. The Indians were extravagantly fond of the chase, "their first hunting season always commencing as soon as the wild herbage began to grow up in the woods.""

Deer must have been incredibly numerous in the ancient forests of East Chester, as we invariably find the wolf infesting the same section of country.

Upon the ioth day of February, 1672, in was agreed (by the inhabitants of East Chester,) "that the town wolf-pits which Mr. Pinckini and John Hoyt hath made, shall be, and is also illegal in the glan (glen.) where they are situated, and that the inhabitants do see to fill them up." Seven years later it was decidfcd by vote, that the inhabitants pay ten shillings for every wolf that is killed within the limits of East Chester, for the year ensuing. These orders show conclusively that this ferocious animal was then very troublesome.

Upon the ioth day of February, 1672, in was agreed (by the inhabitants of East Chester,) "that the town wolf-pits which Mr. Pinckini and John Hoyt hath made, shall be, and is also illegal in the glan (glen.) where they are situated, and that the inhabitants do see to fill them up." Seven years later it was decidfcd by vote, that the inhabitants pay ten shillings for every wolf that is killed within the limits of East Chester, for the year ensuing. These orders show conclusively that this ferocious animal was then very troublesome.

So common and mischievous were wolves, (at this early period.) throughout the country, that we find the provincial assembly compelled to issue the following order for their distraction, entitled an act for destroying wolves within the colony, --

" Forasmuch as divers inhabitants of this colony have suffered many grievous losses in their stocks, both of sheep and neat cattle, for the prevention of which, and encouragement of those who shall destroy wolves in the said colony, and that the breed of wolves within the colony may be wholly rooted out and extinguished, be it enacted, &c, that in the County of West Chester, twenty shillings for a grown wolf killed by a Christian, and ten shillings for such a wolf killed by an Indian, and half that sum respectively for a whelp."6

Att a Court of Sessions held at West Chester, for the County of West Chester, Sept. 7, 1692, by their Majestie's authority, present the Hon. Caleb Heatcott, one of their Majestie's Councell for the Province of

" Forasmuch as divers inhabitants of this colony have suffered many grievous losses in their stocks, both of sheep and neat cattle, for the prevention of which, and encouragement of those who shall destroy wolves in the said colony, and that the breed of wolves within the colony may be wholly rooted out and extinguished, be it enacted, &c, that in the County of West Chester, twenty shillings for a grown wolf killed by a Christian, and ten shillings for such a wolf killed by an Indian, and half that sum respectively for a whelp."6

Att a Court of Sessions held at West Chester, for the County of West Chester, Sept. 7, 1692, by their Majestie's authority, present the Hon. Caleb Heatcott, one of their Majestie's Councell for the Province of

a Vanderrtoncks N. N., N. Y. Hist S 10. 20T. b Acta of Col. Assembly, N. Y., p. 47.

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

New Yorke, Lt. Coll. John Pell, Justice & Quorum, Joseph Theale, Dan. Strange, Esq.'s, Justice's of the Peace.

Whereas, the grand Inquest Represents to this Court that care may be taken for the Destroying of wolves & the Court being Impowered by Act of Generall Assembly to see the same put in Execution.

The Court 01 ders that every Township & Constables jurisdiction -- The Con- Stables in their respective place shall take care under the penalty of five pounds for the neglect, that they cale together the Inhabitants & give notice that the Court of Sessions lia^e ordered & it is hereby ordered for the prevention of Damages done by wolves in this County, that the Inhabitants of every respective place shall make or cause to bo made two wolfe pitta in such places where the Inhabitants shall see most convenient : and that for every wolfe cateched kild or destroyed by the said pitts, or otherwise the heads shall be brought to the Constables who shall cutt of the earcs of from the said wolofes head and naile it up in some convenient Publick place : and that the said Constable shall pay or sattisfie for every such wolofes head soc brought to him it being made appeare that it was kild within his precints the sum of twelve shelhngs, and for the defraying of the charge of makeing of the said wolofe Pitts & killing the said wolves a rate shall be made upon the severall Inhabitants of the said Constableshipp for the defraying the said charge, and for the incurragem' of the Indians they shall have ten shillings a pice for every wolofe they kill within the severall Constableshipps, they bringing the heads first to the said Constables, and that such pitts be made between this and the twenty-fifth day of March next.

The Court 01 ders that every Township & Constables jurisdiction -- The Con- Stables in their respective place shall take care under the penalty of five pounds for the neglect, that they cale together the Inhabitants & give notice that the Court of Sessions lia^e ordered & it is hereby ordered for the prevention of Damages done by wolves in this County, that the Inhabitants of every respective place shall make or cause to bo made two wolfe pitta in such places where the Inhabitants shall see most convenient : and that for every wolfe cateched kild or destroyed by the said pitts, or otherwise the heads shall be brought to the Constables who shall cutt of the earcs of from the said wolofes head and naile it up in some convenient Publick place : and that the said Constable shall pay or sattisfie for every such wolofes head soc brought to him it being made appeare that it was kild within his precints the sum of twelve shelhngs, and for the defraying of the charge of makeing of the said wolofe Pitts & killing the said wolves a rate shall be made upon the severall Inhabitants of the said Constableshipp for the defraying the said charge, and for the incurragem' of the Indians they shall have ten shillings a pice for every wolofe they kill within the severall Constableshipps, they bringing the heads first to the said Constables, and that such pitts be made between this and the twenty-fifth day of March next. And that annually a a rate be made before the first of Jan., paid before March next. The Constable having full power to see the same effected and done by virtue of this order, and to distraiue upon any that refuseth or neglecteth to pay his just proportion.'1

And that annually a a rate be made before the first of Jan., paid before March next. The Constable having full power to see the same effected and done by virtue of this order, and to distraiue upon any that refuseth or neglecteth to pay his just proportion.'1

The remains of a large wolf-pit are still to be seen in the "Winter Hill burying-ground, situated upon the property of the late Mr. Robert Purdy. Tradition asserts that over one hundred years ago, the original settlers used to hunt bears and deer in the Long Reach patent, (situated on the north-west side of this town,) and they were accustomed to provide themseh\.j with thirty days provision.

The following grant under the hand and seal of Thomas Pell, occurs in 1664, to James Euestis, Philip Pinckney and others.

Know all men by these presents, that I, Thomas Pell, have granted to James Euestis and Philip rinekney, for themselves and their associates, to the number of ten families, to settle down at Hutchinsons, that is where the house stood at the meadows and uplands, to Hutchinson's River, they paying according to ye proportion of the charges which was disburst for the purchase, and other necessary charges, only liberty to have the disposing of two lotts upon the same terms with them, because that I might provide them some tradesmen for their comfort, as a smith, or weaver, or what else with their approbation. Witness my hand, this 24th of June, 1664. & Thomas Pell.

Know all men by these presents, that I, Thomas Pell, have granted to James Euestis and Philip rinekney, for themselves and their associates, to the number of ten families, to settle down at Hutchinsons, that is where the house stood at the meadows and uplands, to Hutchinson's River, they paying according to ye proportion of the charges which was disburst for the purchase, and other necessary charges, only liberty to have the disposing of two lotts upon the same terms with them, because that I might provide them some tradesmen for their comfort, as a smith, or weaver, or what else with their approbation. Witness my hand, this 24th of June, 1664. & Thomas Pell.

a Roc of the Court of Sessions for W. C. C. b Alb. Kec

204 . HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

The above grantees appear to have emigrated from Fairfield Connecticut, to this place; for in the year i649,\ve find the following names recorded in the town books of Fairfield, viz. : -- James Euestis, Philip Pinckney, John Tompkins, Moses Hoit, Samuel Drake, Andrew Ward, Walter Lancaster, Nathaniel Tompkins, Samuel Ward, &c. These individuals subsequently took an active part in the affairs of East Chester.

The following covenant was drawn up in 1665, for the future government of the proprietors, entitled: --

Articles of agreement betwext us whose names are underwriten, A. D. 1665.

Imprimus, that we by the grace of God, Pitt down on the track of land lieng betwext Huthesson's broock, rehear the house was, untell it com unto the river, that runeth in at the head of the meados.

These individuals subsequently took an active part in the affairs of East Chester.

The following covenant was drawn up in 1665, for the future government of the proprietors, entitled: --

Articles of agreement betwext us whose names are underwriten, A. D. 1665.

Imprimus, that we by the grace of God, Pitt down on the track of land lieng betwext Huthesson's broock, rehear the house was, untell it com unto the river, that runeth in at the head of the meados.

2. That we indeavor to keepe and mamtayn christian love and sivell honisty.

3. That we faithfully conssall what may be of inflrmyti in any one of us.

4. Plainlie to dealle one with another in christian love.

5. If any trespas be don, the trespaed and the trespaser shall chuse tow of this company, and they a thirde man if need be requiered, to end the mater, without any further trubell.

6. That all and every one of us, or that shall be of us, do paye unto the minester, according to his meade.

7. That none exceed the quantity of fifteen acres, until all have that quantity.

8. That every man hath that meadow that is most convenient for him.

9. That every man build and inhabit on his home lot before the next winter.

10. That no man make sale of his lot before he hath built and inhabited one year, and then to render it to the company, or to a man whom the}' approve.

11. That any man may sell pait of his alotment to his neighbor.

That none exceed the quantity of fifteen acres, until all have that quantity.

8. That every man hath that meadow that is most convenient for him.

9. That every man build and inhabit on his home lot before the next winter.

10. That no man make sale of his lot before he hath built and inhabited one year, and then to render it to the company, or to a man whom the}' approve.

11. That any man may sell pait of his alotment to his neighbor.

12. That no man shall engrosse to himself by buying his neighbor's lot for his particular interest, but with respect to sell it if an approved man come, and that without much advantage, to be judged by the company.

13. That all public affairs, all bridges, highways, or mill, be carried on jointly, according to meadow and estates.

14 That provision be endeavoured for education of children, and then encouragement be given unto any that shall take pains according to our former way of rating.

15. That no man shall give entertainment to a foreigner who shall carry himself obnoxious to the company except amendment be after warning given.

1G. That all shall join in guarding of cattle when the company see it convenient.

17. That every man make and maintain a good fence about all his arable land, and in due time a man chosen to view if the company's be good.

18. That every man sow his land when most of the company sow or plant in their fields.

That no man shall give entertainment to a foreigner who shall carry himself obnoxious to the company except amendment be after warning given.

1G. That all shall join in guarding of cattle when the company see it convenient.

17. That every man make and maintain a good fence about all his arable land, and in due time a man chosen to view if the company's be good.

18. That every man sow his land when most of the company sow or plant in their fields.

10. That we give new encouragement to Mr. Brewster each other week, to

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER. 205

give us word of exhortation, and that when we are settled wc meet together ever}' other weeke, one hour, to talk of the hest things.

20. That one man, either of himself, or by consent, may give entertainment to strangers for money.

21. That one day, every spring, be improved for the destroying of rattle snakes.

22. That some, every Lord's day, stay at home, for safety of our wives and children.

23. That every man get and keep a good lock to his door as soon as he can.

24. That a convenient place he appointed for oxen if need require.

25. If any man's meadow or upland be worse in quality, that be considered in quantity.

26. That every man that hath taken up lottes shall pay to all publick charges equal with those that got none.

That all that hath or shall take up lots within this tract of land mentioned in

That every man get and keep a good lock to his door as soon as he can.

24. That a convenient place he appointed for oxen if need require.

25. If any man's meadow or upland be worse in quality, that be considered in quantity.

26. That every man that hath taken up lottes shall pay to all publick charges equal with those that got none.

That all that hath or shall take up lots within this tract of land mentioned in

the premises shall subscribe to these articles.

Thomas Shute The mark of

The mark of X

O Nathaniel White,

Nathaniel Tompkins, William Haidon's mark, H

Philip Pinkney, The mark of John Gay, I G

The mark of X Joseph Joans, John A Pinkney,

John Hoitt, The mark of John Tompkins, O

James Eustis, Richard Shute,

The mark of X Daniel Godwin, The mark of John Hollind, I U

The mark of X William Squire, Moses Iloitte,

David Osburn, Richard Hoadley,

John Goding, The mark of Henry X Ffowlirr

Samuel Drake, John Emory,

John Jackson, Moses Jackson,

The mark of John Drake, I D John Clarke,

This is a true copy according unto the originall, transcribed by me. Richard

Shute, this 23d day of Nov. '68.

In 1666, the inhabitants of Eastchester obtained a further grant from the native Indians, Ann-hooke and others. This sale was confirmed by royal patent the same year :

ROYAL PATENT OF EAST CHESTER. "Richard Nichols, Esq., Governor General under his Royal Highness, James, Duke of York and Aliiauj-, &c, &c., of all his territories in America, to all to whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting: whereas, there is a certain plantation upon ye main, lying within ye limits and bounds of Westchester, belonging to ye north riding of Yorkshire, upon Long Island, situate and being in ye north part of ye limits of ye said towne, which said plantation is commonly known and called by ye name of The Ten Farms, or Eastchester, and is now in the tenure and occupation of several freeholders and inhabitants, who having

"Richard Nichols, Esq., Governor General under his Royal Highness, James, Duke of York and Aliiauj-, &c, &c., of all his territories in America, to all to whom these presents shall come, sendeth greeting: whereas, there is a certain plantation upon ye main, lying within ye limits and bounds of Westchester, belonging to ye north riding of Yorkshire, upon Long Island, situate and being in ye north part of ye limits of ye said towne, which said plantation is commonly known and called by ye name of The Ten Farms, or Eastchester, and is now in the tenure and occupation of several freeholders and inhabitants, who having

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

heretofore made lawful purchase thereof, have likewise manured and improved a considerable part of ye lands thereunto belonging, and settled several familyes thereupon ; now for a confirmation unto ye said freeholders, and inhabitants in their enjoyment and possession of ye premises, ksoiv y ee, by virtue of ye commission, and authority, unto me given by his royal highness, I have ratified, confirmed and granted, and by these presents, do ratifie, confirm, and grant, unto Fhilip Pinckney, James Euestis, and William Hayden, as patentees for and on ye behalf of themselves, and their associates, their heirs, successors and assignees, all ye said plantation, with ye lands thereunto belonging, lying within ye bounds and limits hereafter expresset, viz. : that is to say, bounded to the east and ye north-east, by a certain river, commonly called Hutchinson's River, which runs in at ye head of ye meadow, and is ye west bounds of Mr. Pell's patent, to ye south-east by a certain creek, the mouth whereof openeth to ye south-east, then including ye meadows heretofore called Hutchinson's Meadows, and ye upland, to ye now knowne and common pathway coining up from Westchester, to take in also of ye uplands betweene Hutchinson's and Rattlesnake Brooke, from the said path to ye extent of half a mile north-west for them to plant, or otherwise to manure, as they shall see cause; ye remainder to lye in common between them and ye inhabitants of Westchester, at ye end of which half-mile to be bounded by Rattlesnake Brooke, till you come to ye head thereof; from thence striking a north-east line to Hutchinson's River aforementioned, ye certain bounds of this plantation aforesaid are described, and so hereafter are to bee reputed and taken, any former order, conclusions, or agreement, to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding, together with all w oodlands, meadows, pastures, marshes, querryes, waters, creeks, lakes, brooks, fishing, hawking, hunting, fowling and all other profits, commoditys, emoluments and hereditaments, to the said land and premises within ye limitts and bounds aforementioned, described, belonging, or any otherwise appertaining; and ye said patentees and their associates, their heirs, successors, and assignees, shall likewise have free commonage and liberty for range of feed of cattle, from ye head of Hutchinson's Brook aforesaid, for about eight English miles; to run north-west into the woods as far as Bronck's River, or so far as they shall not encroach or entrench upon any former patent by mee given or granted: To have and to hold all and singular ye said lands hereditaments and premises, with their and every of their appurtenances, and every part and parcel thereof, to the said patentees, and their associates, their heirs, successors and assignees, to ye proper use and behoofe of ye said patentees and their associates, their heirs, successors and assignees, forever; moreover, I do hereby grant and confirm unto ye said patentees and their associates, their heirs, successors and assigi s, that their plantation shall continue to retain ye name of EastonESTEK, by which name and stile it shall be distinguished and knowne in all bargains and sales, deeds, records and writings; likewise, they shall have ye privilege of electing out of their owue numbers some discreet person, who shall be elected yearly to the office of a deputy constable, to keep his majesties peace, and to compose, if possible, all private differences by arbitration amongst themselves, but that in all other matters they have relation to ye town and court of Westchester, they, the said patentees and their associates, their heirs, successors and assignees, rendering and paying such dutys and acknowledgments as now are or hereafter shall be constituted and established by ye laws of this government,

Pell's patent, to ye south-east by a certain creek, the mouth whereof openeth to ye south-east, then including ye meadows heretofore called Hutchinson's Meadows, and ye upland, to ye now knowne and common pathway coining up from Westchester, to take in also of ye uplands betweene Hutchinson's and Rattlesnake Brooke, from the said path to ye extent of half a mile north-west for them to plant, or otherwise to manure, as they shall see cause; ye remainder to lye in common between them and ye inhabitants of Westchester, at ye end of which half-mile to be bounded by Rattlesnake Brooke, till you come to ye head thereof; from thence striking a north-east line to Hutchinson's River aforementioned, ye certain bounds of this plantation aforesaid are described, and so hereafter are to bee reputed and taken, any former order, conclusions, or agreement, to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding, together with all w oodlands, meadows, pastures, marshes, querryes, waters, creeks, lakes, brooks, fishing, hawking, hunting, fowling and all other profits, commoditys, emoluments and hereditaments, to the said land and premises within ye limitts and bounds aforementioned, described, belonging, or any otherwise appertaining; and ye said patentees and their associates, their heirs, successors, and assignees, shall likewise have free commonage and liberty for range of feed of cattle, from ye head of Hutchinson's Brook aforesaid, for about eight English miles; to run north-west into the woods as far as Bronck's River, or so far as they shall not encroach or entrench upon any former patent by mee given or granted: To have and to hold all and singular ye said lands hereditaments and premises, with their and every of their appurtenances, and every part and parcel thereof, to the said patentees, and their associates, their heirs, successors and assignees, to ye proper use and behoofe of ye said patentees and their associates, their heirs, successors and assignees, forever; moreover, I do hereby grant and confirm unto ye said patentees and their associates, their heirs, successors and assigi s, that their plantation shall continue to retain ye name of EastonESTEK, by which name and stile it shall be distinguished and knowne in all bargains and sales, deeds, records and writings; likewise, they shall have ye privilege of electing out of their owue numbers some discreet person, who shall be elected yearly to the office of a deputy constable, to keep his majesties peace, and to compose, if possible, all private differences by arbitration amongst themselves, but that in all other matters they have relation to ye town and court of Westchester, they, the said patentees and their associates, their heirs, successors and assignees, rendering and paying such dutys and acknowledgments as now are or hereafter shall be constituted and established by ye laws of this government,

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

Hinder ye obedience of his royal highness, his heirs and successors. Given under my hand and seal at Fort James, New York, on ye Isle of Manhattans, ye ninth day of March, in ye nineteenth year of ye reign of our Sovereign Lord, Charles ye Second, by ye grace of God, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, King, defender of ye faith, &c, &c, and in ye year of our Lord God, 16GG.«

Subsequently the three patentees made the following declaration of trust in behalf of their associates: --

"These may certyfie that we, viz. Phillip Finknic, James Shute and 'William Haiden, having a certain track of land granted and conermed unto us by patten, being granted and conermed by Collenalle Richard Nichollas, then Goavcrnor in New Yorke, being granted to us, viz. Phillip Pinknine, James Euslis and William Hoydeff, and our associates each of the above mentioned Phillip Pinknine, James Shute and William Haiden do, by these resigne up our perticulere interest that we have by paten, or otherwise granted and conermed unto our associates, who have owned and subscribed unto the observation of a coviuante, with us this provisall, that they observe all conditions of our grantes ; 2ndly, that they with us, and we with them, perpetuate, our rate of interest of land, and maintaine our and their enjoyments ; 3rdly, that we, with the major part of the inhabitants that are associated, have the disposinge of laud, but not they without us -- we that are associate accordingly as our names are hearen inserted : --

Phillip Pinknine, James Euslis and William Hoydeff, and our associates each of the above mentioned Phillip Pinknine, James Shute and William Haiden do, by these resigne up our perticulere interest that we have by paten, or otherwise granted and conermed unto our associates, who have owned and subscribed unto the observation of a coviuante, with us this provisall, that they observe all conditions of our grantes ; 2ndly, that they with us, and we with them, perpetuate, our rate of interest of land, and maintaine our and their enjoyments ; 3rdly, that we, with the major part of the inhabitants that are associated, have the disposinge of laud, but not they without us -- we that are associate accordingly as our names are hearen inserted : --

Upon the 9th of March, 1666, Robert Doughty purchased several parcels of land belonging to William Haiden, situated within the limits of Eastchester Patent. In 1667 the inhabitants of this town united with those of Long Island in protesting against the Duke's laws.6 The province of New York was re-taken by the Dutch on the 30th of July, 1673. Upon this occasion we find the deputies of Oostdorp, alias Westchester, and the adjacent hamlet of Eastchester, offering to submit themselves to the government of the State General and the Prince of Orange ; in return for which they were commanded " to nominate, by their inhabitants, a double number as magistrates for the aforesaid villages."" Suba Book of Pat Alb. 1M 17, March Oth, Deed from Governor Nicolls to Philip Pinkney, James Evans and others, for a tract of land known as The Ten Farms, or Eastchester, p. 12, Land Papers, vol. i, lfttH to 1813.

Upon this occasion we find the deputies of Oostdorp, alias Westchester, and the adjacent hamlet of Eastchester, offering to submit themselves to the government of the State General and the Prince of Orange ; in return for which they were commanded " to nominate, by their inhabitants, a double number as magistrates for the aforesaid villages."" Suba Book of Pat Alb. 1M 17, March Oth, Deed from Governor Nicolls to Philip Pinkney, James Evans and others, for a tract of land known as The Ten Farms, or Eastchester, p. 12, Land Papers, vol. i, lfttH to 1813.

6 Thompson's History of Long Island.

c Eastchester Rec

RICHARD NICOLLS.

Recorded by order of ye Governor, the day and year above written.

"Matthias Nicolls, Secretary.

Phillip Pinkine, William Haiden, Johne Hoitte, James Euestis, Richard Shute,

David Osburne, Samuel Drake, John Embery, John Jackson, Moses Jackson,

Moses Hoitte."

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OK WESTCHESTER.

sequently the following order was issued by the Lords, Commanders, and Honorable Council of War of the New Netherlands, residing in Fort William Hendricke.

"Whereas, by a former order it was thought fit that the two towns of West ' and Eastchester should be brought under one court of judicature, consisting of three schepens, or magistrates -- that is to say, out of the town of Westchester two, and one out of the town of Eastchester ; and that the inhabitants of the said respective towns should make choice each of a double number -- the which, by them, hath been accordingly executed, and returned, and made unto us, -- we have made choice of magistrates of the said towns, to continue for the space of one whole year next ensuing the date hereof, viz.,

"Whereas, by a former order it was thought fit that the two towns of West ' and Eastchester should be brought under one court of judicature, consisting of three schepens, or magistrates -- that is to say, out of the town of Westchester two, and one out of the town of Eastchester ; and that the inhabitants of the said respective towns should make choice each of a double number -- the which, by them, hath been accordingly executed, and returned, and made unto us, -- we have made choice of magistrates of the said towns, to continue for the space of one whole year next ensuing the date hereof, viz.,

For ye town of Westchester, {J^*S£, do do Eastchester, John Hoitte, And the said persons are hereby required with all possible expedition to appear before us, and to take the oath, &c. &c. Dated at Fort William Hendricke, 27th of August, 1673. « Cornelius Euerstead,

T. Youngs, Jacob Banckers.

In 1676 Nathaniel Tompkins, of this town, was directed by Governor Andross "to seize all stray horses within the jurisdiction of West and Eastchester that are without marks, and bring them to the constable or justice of the peace."6

At this period the standard prices of grain and other marketable produce were as follows: --

Merchantable winter wheat, ... 5s. Od.

Summer wheat, 4s. 6rf.

Merchantable barley, .... 4s. Od.

Rye -. . . . 3*. 6d.

Peas, . 3s. Od.

Indian corn, 2s. Qd.

Certain difficulties having arisen with regard to the boundaries of Eastchester Patent, Mr. Philip Pinckney was appointed on the 30th of October, 1677, "to go to our governor to meet Mr. Justice Pell, Esq., where it is intended that our governor is to decide any difference that may arise betwixt us concerning the bounds of our Patent."6

Merchantable barley, .... 4s. Od.

Rye -. . . . 3*. 6d.

Peas, . 3s. Od.

Indian corn, 2s. Qd.

Certain difficulties having arisen with regard to the boundaries of Eastchester Patent, Mr. Philip Pinckney was appointed on the 30th of October, 1677, "to go to our governor to meet Mr. Justice Pell, Esq., where it is intended that our governor is to decide any difference that may arise betwixt us concerning the bounds of our Patent."6

In the year 1681, Capt. Philip Pinckney, Samuel Drake, senior, and Moses Hoit, were chosen to treat with the Indians about their lands. " And so if they can agree, in behalf of the rest of the inhabitants, with

a Alb. Rcc, vol. xxiii., 273, 16th p. VO' 1073, J£ John noit, " Is not to suffer any person or persons whatsoever to puss through Bostcneater to or from New England : except they can produce a royal pass or licence from authority for the same. ' Ac. N. Y. Col. MSS. voU- xxiii. p. 659.

6 Eastchester Rcc.

c Ibid.

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

the said Indians, concerning the purchase and pay of the said land, &c, these three men above mentioned to be together in the design."

"Also it is further agreed that the said Indian purchase shall be paid, answerable unto every man's proportion of land in the east division already laid out, &c."°

The following land list occurs in 1682, containing the names and rates of the resident freeholders : --

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

the said Indians, concerning the purchase and pay of the said land, &c, these three men above mentioned to be together in the design."

"Also it is further agreed that the said Indian purchase shall be paid, answerable unto every man's proportion of land in the east division already laid out, &c."°

The following land list occurs in 1682, containing the names and rates of the resident freeholders : --

Samuel Drake,

30i

Walter Lancaster,

Nathaniel Tompkyns,

. 23*

Richard Shute, .

. 44

Capt. Will. Haiden, .

•40

Henry Fowler,

William Pinckncy, .

. 40

John Tompkyns,

. 24

Richard Hoadlcy,

John Wharford,

William Gray, .

. ts*

Samuel Godin,

. 234

John Pinckncy, .

John Vaille,

6*

John Drake,

. 24i

Samuel Godin,

• H

Moses Hoit, .

Walter Webelly,

John Clarke,

. 13

At a meeting of the inhabitants of Eastchester, held December 1st, 1683, it was resolved, that Nathaniel Tompkyns, John Drake and Richard Shute, should go into the woods with the Indians, "and mark out certain lands within the patent of Eastchester, and go and know what the said Indians do ask for the said lands, and bring report to the rest of the inhabitants."

On the 1st of March, 1686, Captain William Haiden and Moses Hoit, Sen., were chosen by the inhabitants of Eastchester, to go to treat with the Westchester townsmen in defence of our land, granted to us by patent.

On the 1 6th of January, 1698, occurs the following entry in the town records: -- "There being several inhabitants of Westchester come to invade us (the inhabitants of Eastchester) in the property, of our lands, by way of molestation, the town did inform the above said persons, that they should not proceed to lay out any land, or mark any trees, or to set any marks, as by sufficient testimony will appear."

On the 1st of March, 1686, Captain William Haiden and Moses Hoit, Sen., were chosen by the inhabitants of Eastchester, to go to treat with the Westchester townsmen in defence of our land, granted to us by patent.

On the 1 6th of January, 1698, occurs the following entry in the town records: -- "There being several inhabitants of Westchester come to invade us (the inhabitants of Eastchester) in the property, of our lands, by way of molestation, the town did inform the above said persons, that they should not proceed to lay out any land, or mark any trees, or to set any marks, as by sufficient testimony will appear."

In the Secretary of State's office, at Albany, there is a map of the disputed territory, entitled "A draft of the lands in controversy between the inhabitants of Westchester and the inhabitants of Eastchester, joyn'd with William Peartree, &c, surveyed and laid downe per Augustine Graham, surveyor, &c."6 a Ibid.

6 " In lTOS, John Auhovnean * Co., petitioner! Lord Cornbnrr for license to purchase a parcel Of unappropriated vacant land in the county of Westchester, (discovered by them) which they should l> • desirous to settle and improve, from the native Indian proprietors thereof, to be thereby Instituted to his majestie's favorable patent for the same. Endorsed Aboynean's petition In behalf of himself & Co. Head in Council, April P>, 1705. Papers about lands' in controversy between East and West Chester, determined April, 1705.

2IO

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Lord Cornbnrr for license to purchase a parcel Of unappropriated vacant land in the county of Westchester, (discovered by them) which they should l> • desirous to settle and improve, from the native Indian proprietors thereof, to be thereby Instituted to his majestie's favorable patent for the same. Endorsed Aboynean's petition In behalf of himself & Co. Head in Council, April P>, 1705. Papers about lands' in controversy between East and West Chester, determined April, 1705.

2IO

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

The vacant lands were situated on the west side of Rattlesnake Brook in the north-west corner of the present town, and amounted to 3,308 acres. From their peculiar shape they obtained the name of the "Long Reach."

In 1696, "at a meeting of the freeholders, and commonality of the borough town of West Chester, they did give and grant unto Col. Caleb Heathcote, the liberty of the stream of Hutchinson's river, or creek, lying by the "Ten Farms," within the limits and bounds of the patent of the borough town of Westchester aforesaid, known by the name of Eastchester, for to erect a mill or mills thereon.0

Upon the 23d day of December, A. D. 1700, we find the Indians confirming the inhabitants of Eastchester in their possession.

INDIAN DEED.

Be it known unto all to whom these presents may come, or concern; whereas the inhabitants of Eastchester did formerly purchase a certain tract of land of the natives, in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred sixty and six, and part of the same being not as yet satisfied, the said tract of land being butted and bounded as is hereafter expressed, viz. : east and south-cast, by a certain river commonly called Hutchinson's river, which runs in at the head of the meadows, on the west bounds of Mr.

Be it known unto all to whom these presents may come, or concern; whereas the inhabitants of Eastchester did formerly purchase a certain tract of land of the natives, in the year of our Lord one thousand six hundred sixty and six, and part of the same being not as yet satisfied, the said tract of land being butted and bounded as is hereafter expressed, viz. : east and south-cast, by a certain river commonly called Hutchinson's river, which runs in at the head of the meadows, on the west bounds of Mr. Pell's patent, and southerly to Hutchinson's brook, and from the head thereof, north-west to Bruuckses his river, and so all the land betwixt Hutchinson's and Brunckses his river, and so from the head of Hutchinson's river, northwest west to Brunckses river, and so all the land betwixt Hutchinson's and Brunckses rivers, according as aforementioned, now know ye, that we, Woariatapus Annhook and Porrige, do owne, that we have received full satisfaction of Richard Shute, John Drake, and Henry Fowler, in the behalf of the rest of the inhabitants of Eastchester aforesaid, for the said tract of land, and we the abovesaid Woariatapus, Annhook and Porrige, do by these presents confirm unto the said Richard Shute, John Drake and Henry Fowler, in the behalf of the rest of the inhabitants of Eastchester aforesaid, their heirs and assigns forever, and we the above said Woariatapus, Annhook and Porrige, will warrant and defend the same from all incumbrances whatsoever, of any person or persons laying claime, right, title cr demand, unto any part or parcel of the abovesaid tract of land, above mentioned, in witness whereof, v e the said Woariatapus, Annhook and Porrige have hereunto put to our hands and seals, this third day of Dec, in the 12th year of his majestie s reign, A.

Pell's patent, and southerly to Hutchinson's brook, and from the head thereof, north-west to Bruuckses his river, and so all the land betwixt Hutchinson's and Brunckses his river, and so from the head of Hutchinson's river, northwest west to Brunckses river, and so all the land betwixt Hutchinson's and Brunckses rivers, according as aforementioned, now know ye, that we, Woariatapus Annhook and Porrige, do owne, that we have received full satisfaction of Richard Shute, John Drake, and Henry Fowler, in the behalf of the rest of the inhabitants of Eastchester aforesaid, for the said tract of land, and we the abovesaid Woariatapus, Annhook and Porrige, do by these presents confirm unto the said Richard Shute, John Drake and Henry Fowler, in the behalf of the rest of the inhabitants of Eastchester aforesaid, their heirs and assigns forever, and we the above said Woariatapus, Annhook and Porrige, will warrant and defend the same from all incumbrances whatsoever, of any person or persons laying claime, right, title cr demand, unto any part or parcel of the abovesaid tract of land, above mentioned, in witness whereof, v e the said Woariatapus, Annhook and Porrige have hereunto put to our hands and seals, this third day of Dec, in the 12th year of his majestie s reign, A. D. 1700.

Signed, sealed and delivered in The mark of X

presence of us,* Robert Bloomer, Woariatabus. ■George Copping, David Whitlock. The mark of AH Ann Hooke,

Gramatau Sachem, Porrige

a Wostcliester Kec.

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

D. 1700.

Signed, sealed and delivered in The mark of X

presence of us,* Robert Bloomer, Woariatabus. ■George Copping, David Whitlock. The mark of AH Ann Hooke,

Gramatau Sachem, Porrige

a Wostcliester Kec.

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

2i r

The same year it was resolved by the inhabitants of this town, "that Edmund Ward shall have and hold sixty acres of land, in consideration that the said Edmund Ward do pay the Indians purely, and clear the said town of, and from the said pay, when need be, &c.

The Indian purchase to be paid for as follows, viz. : -- 14 guns, 12 coats, 12 Indian kettles, 12 Indian axes, 4 adzes and 4 barrels of cider; this agreement entered into by me, Richard Shute, Recorder in Eastchester.

On the 6th of April, 1705, Patthunck, Sagamore, Hopesco alias Porrige, Anne Hook, and Elias, Indian proprietors, sold to George Booth, joiner, of the city of New York, and his associates,

"All that our right of laud which is not yet lawfully purchased, lying and being from the land which is now in dispute betwixt Westchester ana- Eastchester, and so running along by Broncks's river, to Hutchinson's river, and bounded on the north by Eastchester lync, to have and to hold, &c."

Upon the 22d of Sept., 1708, the following letters patent were issued under the great seal of the Province, to Col. William Peartree and his associates a

LONG REACH OR NEW PATENT.

"Anne, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, &c. , the Queen, defender of the faith, &c. ; whereas, it appears that our beloved cousin, Edward Viscount Cornbury, had granted to Col. William Peartree, Col. Jacobus Van Cortlandt, Joseph Van Home, Capt. John Drake, Thomas Pinckncy, Joseph Drake, Edmund Ward, Henry Fowler and Roger Barton, a grant for a tract of land in Westchester county, beginning at Hutchinson's brook, at the end of the half mile mentioned in Eastchester patent, and so up the said Hutchinson's brook, as the brook ruus to the head thereof, and from thence, north-west to Brunckses river, and so up the said Brunckses river, as the river runs, till it comes to bear with the head of Hutchinson's river, due south-east to a chestnut tree, marked, and so down the said Hutchinson's river, as the river runs, till it comes to the north-east and south-west line of Eastchester patent, and so down south-west, along the said line, to the head of Rattlesnake brook, and from thence, down the said brook, as the brook runs, to the aforementioned half mile of Eastchester patent, and from thence westerly to the above said Hutchinson's brook, where it began: know tk, that we have ratified the said grant to the above mentioned persons, reserving what has been granted to Westchester, 23d of Sept., in the seventh year of her majesty's reign, 1708 b

John Drake, Thomas Pinckncy, Joseph Drake, Edmund Ward, Henry Fowler and Roger Barton, a grant for a tract of land in Westchester county, beginning at Hutchinson's brook, at the end of the half mile mentioned in Eastchester patent, and so up the said Hutchinson's brook, as the brook ruus to the head thereof, and from thence, north-west to Brunckses river, and so up the said Brunckses river, as the river runs, till it comes to bear with the head of Hutchinson's river, due south-east to a chestnut tree, marked, and so down the said Hutchinson's river, as the river runs, till it comes to the north-east and south-west line of Eastchester patent, and so down south-west, along the said line, to the head of Rattlesnake brook, and from thence, down the said brook, as the brook runs, to the aforementioned half mile of Eastchester patent, and from thence westerly to the above said Hutchinson's brook, where it began: know tk, that we have ratified the said grant to the above mentioned persons, reserving what has been granted to Westchester, 23d of Sept., in the seventh year of her majesty's reign, 1708 b

In 1724, the inhabitants of Eastchester appear to have held a quit-rent on the patent of Jacobus Van Cortlandt, and others, &x.c

a This Individual was the Mayor of the city of New York In 1703, and for many years senior warden of Trinity church, In that city.

b Alb. Book of Pat. No. p. 380.

e Town Hoc No. 2.

In 1724, the inhabitants of Eastchester appear to have held a quit-rent on the patent of Jacobus Van Cortlandt, and others, &x.c

a This Individual was the Mayor of the city of New York In 1703, and for many years senior warden of Trinity church, In that city.

b Alb. Book of Pat. No. p. 380.

e Town Hoc No. 2.

2 I 2

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTEP.

The following items relate to the election of town officers from 1672 to 1783.

On the 13th of February, 1672, Samuel Drake was voted in constable for the year ensuing.

April 24th, 1673, the inhabitants nominated William Haiden, for the first man to be presented to our commander for our magistrate.

Mr. John Hart was elected magistrate, A. D. 1673.

This 24th day of August, 1673, the inhabitants have nominated William Haiden, for the first man to present to our commander, for a magistrate, and John Hoitte for the ground man. Upon nomination also this same day we have forthwith agreed that our desire is, that Mr. John Pell may be proposed to our commander for the year as a skoutte.

The same year Richard Shute, was chosen town recorder.

In 1686, John Pinckney appears as supervisor; Richard Shute, clerk of the town court; Joseph Drake, constable; William Haiden, Samuel Drake and Philip Pinckney, town commissioners; Haiden and John Pinckney, representatives.

In 1691, John Pinckney, supervisor.

The following election took place in 1776-7:

Stephen Ward, supervisor; Samuel Sneden, town clerk ;a Charles Guion, collector; Solomon Drake and Moses Drake, assessors; Thomas Farrington, Joshua Ferris, Joseph Gedney, overseers of roads; Thomas Pinckney and William Fowler, overseers offences; Edmund Ward and John Sneden, viewers of fences; Stephen Ward and William Fowler, pounders.

In 1686, John Pinckney appears as supervisor; Richard Shute, clerk of the town court; Joseph Drake, constable; William Haiden, Samuel Drake and Philip Pinckney, town commissioners; Haiden and John Pinckney, representatives.

In 1691, John Pinckney, supervisor.

The following election took place in 1776-7:

Stephen Ward, supervisor; Samuel Sneden, town clerk ;a Charles Guion, collector; Solomon Drake and Moses Drake, assessors; Thomas Farrington, Joshua Ferris, Joseph Gedney, overseers of roads; Thomas Pinckney and William Fowler, overseers offences; Edmund Ward and John Sneden, viewers of fences; Stephen Ward and William Fowler, pounders.

The first independent election for town officers took place on the 2 2d of December, 1/83, under the superintendence of Stephen Ward and Ebenezer S. Burling, Esq., &c, (in accordance with an act of the Legislature passed October 23, 1779,) when the following persons were elected :

Ebenezer Burling, Esq., supervisor ; Charles Ward, town clerk ; William Crawford, jun., constable and collector; Thomas Pinckney, Jacob Hunt, Daniel Learing and John Wright, assessors ; Charles Guion, Elisha Shute and James Morgan, overseers of roads ; William Crawford and James Morgan, pounders ; William Crawford and Charles Guion, to take care of public edifices.6

The public lands of Eastchester are now managed by a board of trustees, according to an Act of the Legislature passed May 11, 1846.'

a Samuel Sneden was town clerk and supervisor for many years prior to the Revolution and was succeeded by Benjamin Mosyar subsequent to that period.

b Town Records.-- The town books consist of three volumes ; the first commenciug on the 13th of February, 1672 ; 2d vol. in 1693 ; 3d. vol. at a much later period.

The public lands of Eastchester are now managed by a board of trustees, according to an Act of the Legislature passed May 11, 1846.'

a Samuel Sneden was town clerk and supervisor for many years prior to the Revolution and was succeeded by Benjamin Mosyar subsequent to that period.

b Town Records.-- The town books consist of three volumes ; the first commenciug on the 13th of February, 1672 ; 2d vol. in 1693 ; 3d. vol. at a much later period.

e Laws of N. Y. 69 session, chap. 1S5-20S.

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

Mount Vernon the principal village in this town, has a station on the New York and New Haven Rail Road, and was incoporated, Dec. 13, 1853. It contains four churches, several private schools, and 1,161 inhabitants. West Mount Vernon has a station on the New York and Harlem Rail Road, two churches, and contains 630 inhabitants. East Mount Vernon contains 275 inhabitants; Waverly and Washingtonville, are suburban villages inhabited principally by mechanics and men doing business in New York.

The village of Eastchester is situated in the south-east angle of the town, at the head of the Eastchester Bay, fifteen miles from the city of New York ; it contains about three hundred and fifty inhabitants, fifty dwelling houses, one Episcopal and one Methodist church, post office, three taverns, four stores, and one grist mill. There is also a convenient landing," from whence sail several sloops trading with the New York market.

The first settlement in this town appears to have been commenced near the Indian path, (subsequently known as the Westchester path or Kingsbridge road,) leading to the wading place, cir. 1664, at a spot called Hutchinson's. " That is where the house stood at the meadows and uplands to Hutchinson's river"6

The village of Eastchester is situated in the south-east angle of the town, at the head of the Eastchester Bay, fifteen miles from the city of New York ; it contains about three hundred and fifty inhabitants, fifty dwelling houses, one Episcopal and one Methodist church, post office, three taverns, four stores, and one grist mill. There is also a convenient landing," from whence sail several sloops trading with the New York market.

The first settlement in this town appears to have been commenced near the Indian path, (subsequently known as the Westchester path or Kingsbridge road,) leading to the wading place, cir. 1664, at a spot called Hutchinson's. " That is where the house stood at the meadows and uplands to Hutchinson's river"6

In 1666 it was by royal charter enacted, "That the plantation shall continue and retain ye name of Eastchester, by which name and style it shall be forever hereafter distinguished and known, &c "

The early planters in order to concentrate their dwellings as much as possible, (so as to protect themselves and families,) laid out the original farms in narrow strips called home lots, which radiated from the village fort in all directions.

At a meeting of the inhabitants, held Oct. 16, 1675, is was resolved, " That we will forthwith fit William Haiden's house by his land, soe as that it may, by God's helpe and blessing, answer our honorable governor's order and our own preservation. At the same time John Jackson, Richard Hoadley and Samuel Drake, jun., were chosen to stake out the place as aforementioned for the said fortification ; also John Jackson and Richard Shute were chosen to the constable to be overseers for the carrying on the said works ; and it was further agreed, that for a man's day's work, (provided he do an honest day's work,) he shall be allowed two shillings and sixpence a day, for a man ; and for their cattle, cart, or tackling to do the work, or four oxen, shall be allowed six shillings a day ; for two oxen, five shillings per day; and so begin the said work on Thurso At an early period called SilUck's landing, A.

At the same time John Jackson, Richard Hoadley and Samuel Drake, jun., were chosen to stake out the place as aforementioned for the said fortification ; also John Jackson and Richard Shute were chosen to the constable to be overseers for the carrying on the said works ; and it was further agreed, that for a man's day's work, (provided he do an honest day's work,) he shall be allowed two shillings and sixpence a day, for a man ; and for their cattle, cart, or tackling to do the work, or four oxen, shall be allowed six shillings a day ; for two oxen, five shillings per day; and so begin the said work on Thurso At an early period called SilUck's landing, A. D. 1G7C b Extracts from Pell's grant.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

day next, it being the 17th of this instant, A. D. i675."a The above^ structure (commonly called the General Fort) was erected by the village farmers, on the hill north-west of Mr. Philemon Fowler's residence.6- The ruins of this Fort were distinctly visible thirty years ago.

Upon the 1st day of Dec. 1675, Samuel Drake, sen., was appointed by the inhabitants of Eastchester " to appear at the honorable Court of Sessions against Mr. Pell, concerning Eastchester work as not being a fort."c

By the Governor's orders it appears to have been dismantled the following year; for on the 4th of Sept., 1676, we find the inhabitants agreeing " to employ a man to tear or to take down the stockadoes according to our Governor's order ; also on the same occasion, Richard Shute was chosen to go to Westchester to hire or make an agreement with John Hudson to carry the stockadoes of Eastchester down to Yorke."'*

By the Governor's orders it appears to have been dismantled the following year; for on the 4th of Sept., 1676, we find the inhabitants agreeing " to employ a man to tear or to take down the stockadoes according to our Governor's order ; also on the same occasion, Richard Shute was chosen to go to Westchester to hire or make an agreement with John Hudson to carry the stockadoes of Eastchester down to Yorke."'*

Near the fort, was located the general fold, into which all cattle were driven nightly for protection. The fold appears to have been constructed sometime prior to 1684.

The first school-house was erected in 1683, for at a public meeting of the inhabitants, held on the 15th of October of that year, it was ordered, " that a school-house be erected upon a site between the property of Richard Shute and William Haiden, and encouragement given to Mr. Morgan Jones to become the school-master."e

This building occupied the site of the present village school-house. Thus the ground has been used for this purpose one hundred and sixtyfour years.

In 1685 it was agreed to build a town house, fourteen feet long and twelve feet broad, and to set it up by the highway side between the houses of Captain William Haiden and Richard Shute.

Beside the home lots, the proprietors held equal shares in the planting lands, (situated on the west side of Rattlesnake brook,) the commons, or Conoval meadows, and the sheep pasture.

At a town meeting, held 21st February, 1705, the inhabitants did agree by vote, " that all the land below Annhooks brook, and also a strait line from the old meadow to the head of Rattlesnake brook, beside

In 1685 it was agreed to build a town house, fourteen feet long and twelve feet broad, and to set it up by the highway side between the houses of Captain William Haiden and Richard Shute.

Beside the home lots, the proprietors held equal shares in the planting lands, (situated on the west side of Rattlesnake brook,) the commons, or Conoval meadows, and the sheep pasture.

At a town meeting, held 21st February, 1705, the inhabitants did agree by vote, " that all the land below Annhooks brook, and also a strait line from the old meadow to the head of Rattlesnake brook, beside

a Town Roc. vol. 1.

ft This gentleman who for nearly half a century tilled the olTice of senior warden of St. rani's church, Eastchester, was a descendant of Henry fowler, one of the original patentees of this town. His father was William Fowler, the sun'of Joseph, whose family once held the Seton farm. The brother of Joseph was Col. Jonathan Fowler, the father of Abraham, whose son. the Rev. John Fowler, now owns the old Fowler mansion and estate.

c Town Rec.

d Town Rec

e Town Rec.

*

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

all the land between Hutchinsons brook, and Rattlesnake brook, to the extent of the half mile shall be for a perpetual sheep pasture."0

Upon the 30th of May, 1707, John Drake and Edmund Ward were chosen sheep-masters by the freeholders of Eastchester.

The town and village of Eastchester were distinguished, in our early colonial annals, for the active part they took in favor of Governor Leisler; for we find " Leisler's party strengthened on the 3d of June, 1689, by the addition of six captains and four hundred men in New York, and a company of seventy men from Eastchester, who had all subscribed on that day a solemn declaration to preserve the Protestant religion and the fort of New York for the Prince of Orange and the Governor whom the Prince might appoint as their protector."6

The town and village of Eastchester were distinguished, in our early colonial annals, for the active part they took in favor of Governor Leisler; for we find " Leisler's party strengthened on the 3d of June, 1689, by the addition of six captains and four hundred men in New York, and a company of seventy men from Eastchester, who had all subscribed on that day a solemn declaration to preserve the Protestant religion and the fort of New York for the Prince of Orange and the Governor whom the Prince might appoint as their protector."6

The pleasant village green in front of St. Paul's church was formerly used as a general training ground for this section of the county ; and here, too, the county elections were not unfrequently held. The following article is taken from the New York Weekly Journal of Monday, Dec. 24, 1733, " containing the freshest advices, foreign and domestic :" --

" Westchester, Oct. 29<7t, 1733.

"On this day Lewis Morris, Esq., late chief justice of this province, was, by a majority of voices, elected a representative from the county of Westchester. * * Election of great expectation ; the court and country's interest was exerted (as is said) to the utmost. I shall give my readers a particular account of it, as I had it from a person that was present at it. Nicholas Cooper, Esq,, high sheriff of the said county, having, by papers affixed to the church of Eastchester and other public places, given notice of the day and place of election, without mentioning any time of the day when it was to be done, which made the electors on the side of the late judge very suspicious that some fraud was intended -- to prevent which, about fifty of tbem kept watch upon and about the green Eastchester (the place of ele«tion) from 12 o'clock the night before till the morning of that clay.

Nicholas Cooper, Esq,, high sheriff of the said county, having, by papers affixed to the church of Eastchester and other public places, given notice of the day and place of election, without mentioning any time of the day when it was to be done, which made the electors on the side of the late judge very suspicious that some fraud was intended -- to prevent which, about fifty of tbem kept watch upon and about the green Eastchester (the place of ele«tion) from 12 o'clock the night before till the morning of that clay. The other electors, beginning to move on Sunday afternoon and evening, so as to be at New Roehelle by midnight, their way lay through Harrison's Purchase, the inhabitants of which provided for their entertainment as"they passed each house in their way, having a table plentifully covered for that purpose. About midnight they all met at the house of William Le Count, at New Roehelle, whose house, not being large enough to entertain so great a number, a large fire was made in the street, by which they sat till daylight, at which time they began to move. They were joined on the hi V at the east end of the town by about seventy horse of the electors of the lower part of the county, and then proceeded towards the place of election in the following order, viz. ; First rode two trumpeters and three violins ; next four of the principal freeholders, one of which carried a banner, on one side of which was affixed, in gold capitals, 'King George,' and on the other, in golden capitals, 'Liberty and Law;' next followed the candidate,

They were joined on the hi V at the east end of the town by about seventy horse of the electors of the lower part of the county, and then proceeded towards the place of election in the following order, viz. ; First rode two trumpeters and three violins ; next four of the principal freeholders, one of which carried a banner, on one side of which was affixed, in gold capitals, 'King George,' and on the other, in golden capitals, 'Liberty and Law;' next followed the candidate,

a Town Roc. vol. 1L

6 Smiths History of New York, English edition, p. 59.

2l6

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF 'WESTCHESTER.

Lewis Morris, Esq., late chief justice of this province, then two colors, and at sun rising they entered upon the green of Eastchester, the place of election, followed hy above three hundred horse of the principal freeholders of the county (a greater number than had ever appeared for one man since the settlement of that county.) After having rode three times round the green, they went to the houses of Joseph Fowler and Child, who were well prepared for their reception ; the late chief justice was met, on his alighting, by several gentle nen who came there to give their votes for him. About 11 o'clock appeared the candidate of the other side, William Forster, Esq., schoolmaster, appointed b}- the Society for Propagation of the Gospel, and lately made, by commission from his Excellency, "(the present governor,) Clerk of the Peace and Common Pleas in that county, which commission, it is said, he purchased for the valuable consideration of one hundred pistoles, given the governor : next him came two ensigns, borne by two of the freeholders ; then followed the Honorable James De Lancy, Esq., chief justice of the province of New York, and the Honorable Frederick Phillipse, Esq., second judge of the said province and baron of the exchequer, attended by about a hundred aud seventy horse of the freeholders and friends of the said Forster and the two judges : they entered the green on the east side, and, riding twice round it, their word was ' No Land Tax.' As they passed, the second judge very civilly saluted the late chief justice by taking off his hat, which the late judge returned in the same manner, some of the late judge's party crying out 'No Excise;" and one of them was heard to say (though not by the judge) 'No pretender; ' upon which, Forster, the candidate, replied, ' I will take notice of you : ' they, after that, retired to the house of

About 11 o'clock appeared the candidate of the other side, William Forster, Esq., schoolmaster, appointed b}- the Society for Propagation of the Gospel, and lately made, by commission from his Excellency, "(the present governor,) Clerk of the Peace and Common Pleas in that county, which commission, it is said, he purchased for the valuable consideration of one hundred pistoles, given the governor : next him came two ensigns, borne by two of the freeholders ; then followed the Honorable James De Lancy, Esq., chief justice of the province of New York, and the Honorable Frederick Phillipse, Esq., second judge of the said province and baron of the exchequer, attended by about a hundred aud seventy horse of the freeholders and friends of the said Forster and the two judges : they entered the green on the east side, and, riding twice round it, their word was ' No Land Tax.' As they passed, the second judge very civilly saluted the late chief justice by taking off his hat, which the late judge returned in the same manner, some of the late judge's party crying out 'No Excise;" and one of them was heard to say (though not by the judge) 'No pretender; ' upon which, Forster, the candidate, replied, ' I will take notice of you : ' they, after that, retired to the house of

Baker, which was prepared to receive and entertain them. About an hour

after, the high sheriff came to town finely mounted, the housings and holster

Baker, which was prepared to receive and entertain them. About an hour

after, the high sheriff came to town finely mounted, the housings and holster

caps being scarlet, richly laced with silver, belonging to . Upon his

approach, the electors on both sides went into the green where they were to elect, and after having read his majesty's writ, bid the electors proceed to the choice, which they did, and a great majority appeared for Mr. Morris, the late judge ; upon which, a poll was demanded, but by whom is not known to the relator, though it was said by many to be done by the sheriff himself. Morris, the candidate, several times asked the sheriff upon whose side the majority appeared, but could get no other reply but that a poll must be had, and accordingly, after about two hours delay in getting benches, chairs and tables, they began to poll. Soon after, one of those called Quakers, a man of known worth and estate, came to give his vote for the late judge. Upon this, Forster, and the two Fowlers, Moses and William, chosen by him to be inspectors, questioned his having an estate, and required of the sheriff to tender him the book to swear, in due form of law, which he refused to do ; but offered to take his solemn affirmation, which both by the laws of England and the laws of this province was indulged, to the people called Quakers, and had always been practised, from the first election of representatives, in this province, to this time, and never refused ; but the sheriff was deaf to all that could be alleged on that side ; and notwithstanding that he was told by the late chief justice, and James Alexander, Esq., one of his Majesty's council, and counsellor at law, and by William Smith, Esq., counsellor at law, that such a procedure was contrary to law, and a violent attempt of the liberties of the people, he still persisted in re-

Upon this, Forster, and the two Fowlers, Moses and William, chosen by him to be inspectors, questioned his having an estate, and required of the sheriff to tender him the book to swear, in due form of law, which he refused to do ; but offered to take his solemn affirmation, which both by the laws of England and the laws of this province was indulged, to the people called Quakers, and had always been practised, from the first election of representatives, in this province, to this time, and never refused ; but the sheriff was deaf to all that could be alleged on that side ; and notwithstanding that he was told by the late chief justice, and James Alexander, Esq., one of his Majesty's council, and counsellor at law, and by William Smith, Esq., counsellor at law, that such a procedure was contrary to law, and a violent attempt of the liberties of the people, he still persisted in re-

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

fusing the said Quaker to vote, and in like manner did refuse seven and thirty Quakers more -- men of known and visible estates. This Cooper, now high sherilf of the said county, is said not only to be a stranger in that county, but not having a foot of land, or other visible estate in it, unless very lately granted, and it is believed he has not where withall to purchase any. The polling had not been long continued before Mr. Edward Stephens, a man of a very considerable estate in the said county, did openly, in the hearing of all the freeholders there assembled, charge William Forster, Esq., the candidate on the other side, with being a Jacobite, and in the interest of the Pretender, and that he should say to Mr.

This Cooper, now high sherilf of the said county, is said not only to be a stranger in that county, but not having a foot of land, or other visible estate in it, unless very lately granted, and it is believed he has not where withall to purchase any. The polling had not been long continued before Mr. Edward Stephens, a man of a very considerable estate in the said county, did openly, in the hearing of all the freeholders there assembled, charge William Forster, Esq., the candidate on the other side, with being a Jacobite, and in the interest of the Pretender, and that he should say to Mr. William Willctt (a person of good estate and known integrity, who was at that time present and ready to make oath to the truth of what was said) that true it was he had taken the oaths to his Majesty, King George, and enjoyed a place in the government under him, which gave him bread; yet notwithstanding that,

should James come into England, he should think himself obliged to go there

and fight for him. This was loudly and strongly urged to Forster's face, who denied it to be true ; and no more was said of it at that time. About eleven o'clock that night the poll was closed, and it stood thus :--

For the late Chief Justice, - - - 231 " Quakers, .... 38

For William Forster, Esq., ... 151 * For difference, .... us

So that the late chief justice carried it by a great majority, without the Quakers. Upon closing the poll the other candidate, Forster, and the sheriff wished the late chief justice much joy. Forster said he hoped the late judge would not think the worse of him for setting up against him, to which the judge repliedt he believed he was put upon it against his inclinations, but that he was highly blauieable, and who did or should know better for putting the sheriff, who was a stranger, and ignorant in such matters, upon making so violent an attempt upon the liberty of the people, which would expose him to ruin if he were worth £ 10,000, if the people aggrieved should commence suit against him.

Forster said he hoped the late judge would not think the worse of him for setting up against him, to which the judge repliedt he believed he was put upon it against his inclinations, but that he was highly blauieable, and who did or should know better for putting the sheriff, who was a stranger, and ignorant in such matters, upon making so violent an attempt upon the liberty of the people, which would expose him to ruin if he were worth £ 10,000, if the people aggrieved should commence suit against him. The people made a loud huzza, which the late chief judge blamed very much, as what he thought not right. Forster replied, he took no notice of what the common people did, since Mr. Morris did not put them upon the doing of it.

The indentures being sealed, the whole body of electors waited on their new representative to his lodgings with trumpets sounding, and violins playing, and in a little time took their leave of him. Thus ended the Westchester election to the general satisfaction.

New York, November 5th. On Wednesday, 31st October, the late chief justice, but now representative, for the county of Westchester, landed in this city about five o'clock in the evening, at the ferry stairs. On his landing he was saluted by a general fire of the guns from the merchant vessels lying in the road, and was received by great numbers of the most considerable merchants and in-

2l8

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF \VESTCHESTF.R.

New York, November 5th. On Wednesday, 31st October, the late chief justice, but now representative, for the county of Westchester, landed in this city about five o'clock in the evening, at the ferry stairs. On his landing he was saluted by a general fire of the guns from the merchant vessels lying in the road, and was received by great numbers of the most considerable merchants and in-

2l8

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF \VESTCHESTF.R.

habitants of this city, and by them, with loud acclamations of the people as he walked the streets, conducted to the Black Horse tavern, where a handsome entertainment was prepared for him at the charge of the gentlemen who received him, and in the middle of one side of the room was fixed a tablet with golden capitals, "King George, Liberty, and Law."«

The road which passes through the village green on the north side of the church, was formerly called the Kingsbridge turnpike. This road appears to have been first opened in 167 1, as we find in that year, "Mr. John Pell and Mr. John Richbell appointed to lay out the new road to New England, through Eastchester."6 The Kingsbridge road was the first stage route established between New York and Boston in 1732. "The coach, which would at the present time be thought an extremely slow one, was fourteen days in the journey, carrying news to and fro once a month.""

Beneath the shade of the venerable locusts (which still adorn the green,) stood the village stocks, erected in 1720.^ Embedded in the bark of one of the trees, may be seen the iron staple to which culprits were formerly attached and publicly whipped. Upon the green, between the locust trees and the present church yard, stood the old parish church, built by the Independents about 1699.

"The coach, which would at the present time be thought an extremely slow one, was fourteen days in the journey, carrying news to and fro once a month.""

Beneath the shade of the venerable locusts (which still adorn the green,) stood the village stocks, erected in 1720.^ Embedded in the bark of one of the trees, may be seen the iron staple to which culprits were formerly attached and publicly whipped. Upon the green, between the locust trees and the present church yard, stood the old parish church, built by the Independents about 1699.

The first settlers of Eastchester, like the people in general ofc that day, paid early attention to religion, to the support of the gospel, andihe institutions of the Church to which they belonged. The congregational church in this place was gathered in 1665; for, in that year it was ordered: "That all and every one of us, or that shall be of us, do pay unto the minister according to his mead," also, "that we give new encouragement to Mr. Brewster each other week, to give us a word of exhortation."e A. D. 1670, it was further enacted: "That whereas we being a society of christians living together, have agreed that all of those of our association shatt join together in meeting on Lord's days to tell about the worship of God; it was also resolved that whereas Moses Hoit being deserter, and being behind, and not seeming to be willing to contribute unto our minister, whereupon the inhabitants of Eastchester have agreed that the said Moses shall be presented unto the next Court of Sessions," &c.

D. 1670, it was further enacted: "That whereas we being a society of christians living together, have agreed that all of those of our association shatt join together in meeting on Lord's days to tell about the worship of God; it was also resolved that whereas Moses Hoit being deserter, and being behind, and not seeming to be willing to contribute unto our minister, whereupon the inhabitants of Eastchester have agreed that the said Moses shall be presented unto the next Court of Sessions," &c.

Upon the 29th of July, 1674, Richard Shute was chosen for to go to our honored governor as a representative for the village of Eastchester*

o New York Weekly Journal, 1733, No. VllL

b Assize Rec. Alb.

c Brldgman's Hort, Rep. 1S46.

d The stocks consisted of a rude wooden instrument, firmly secured in the ground, into which the offenders' hands and feet were locked. It wasonce a common mode ol punishment, but since the Revolution has fallen into disuse. -- Editor.

e See Covenant.

THE TOW.V OF EAST CHESTER.

upon the occasion that we may have the Rev. Ezekiel Fogge to be established and confirmed by our honorable governor, and also the humble request to have the liberty or grant to build a Chapel of Ease, and not to be paving toward Westchester church's building."

The following day, at a public meeting of the inhabitants of Eastchester, it was resolved by vote, "to go jointly unto Westchester, and so speake with the Rev. Mr. Fogge, by reason we heard that Mr. Fogge did express himself to be desirous, and also willing to live and settle among us in Eastchester ; in consideration whereof, we are willing to manifest our acceptance to embrace his good company, and shall provide for his present comfort, and likewise for his future livelihood."

The following day, at a public meeting of the inhabitants of Eastchester, it was resolved by vote, "to go jointly unto Westchester, and so speake with the Rev. Mr. Fogge, by reason we heard that Mr. Fogge did express himself to be desirous, and also willing to live and settle among us in Eastchester ; in consideration whereof, we are willing to manifest our acceptance to embrace his good company, and shall provide for his present comfort, and likewise for his future livelihood."

Upon the 5th of September, 1677, it was agreed, "that if it be the will of God to bring a minister to settle among us we pay him £40 a year, for his subsistance, and also provide him a house and land for his use during the time he stays here as our minister. At this meeting it was resolved to send Philip Pinckney and Samuel Drake, Sen., as representatives to Westchester to the town meeting to treat with that town for the providing a minister."

The 31st day of March, 1678, was appointed by the inhabitants of Eastchester, "to be kept as a day of fasting and prayer, that it will please Almighty C/od to withdraw His judgments from us. As in some measure, according to our honored governor's order to keep the said day in the best manner we can attain unto."

Mr. Pinckney appears to have been selected to carry on the said day of humiliation.

It was further agreed on the same occasion, "that we will meet together on Sabbath days, for time to come to celebrate the worship and service of God. in the best manner that we can attain unto."

As in some measure, according to our honored governor's order to keep the said day in the best manner we can attain unto."

Mr. Pinckney appears to have been selected to carry on the said day of humiliation.

It was further agreed on the same occasion, "that we will meet together on Sabbath days, for time to come to celebrate the worship and service of God. in the best manner that we can attain unto."

It was also decided by vote, "that we will pay towards the carrying on the said Sabbath day's services, by a free will offering for the year ensuing, the following sums: --

William Haiden, Richard Shute, .

John Pinckney, Richard I loudly, John Drake,

Nathaniel Tompkins,

s. d. 14 0 12 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0

John Tompkins, Will. Gregier. Henry Fowler, Henry C'rcway, Samuel Druke,

s. d. OS 0 05 0 04 0 02 0 15 0

Upon the 17th of December, the inhabitants of Eastchester agreed to Pa>' jC+° a )'ear unto Mr- Morgan Jones, minister of Newtown, L. I. "That is to say, to be paid unto the said minister, for his encouragement

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

to' administer the word of God unto us, as our minister; and that we the said inhabitants, do engage to pay the above said sum of £40 in good provincial pay, at the price according to the same of this government; provided, that the said Mr. Jones do come and live among us, and perform the office of a minister, and to pay it by vote."

"That is to say, to be paid unto the said minister, for his encouragement

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

to' administer the word of God unto us, as our minister; and that we the said inhabitants, do engage to pay the above said sum of £40 in good provincial pay, at the price according to the same of this government; provided, that the said Mr. Jones do come and live among us, and perform the office of a minister, and to pay it by vote."

Feb. nth, 1680, we find the Rev. Morgan Jones, officiating in the village of Westchester.0

During the year 1684, Eastchester appears to have been united with Westchester in the support of a pastor ; for, in the spring of the same year, it was resolved, "that the justices and vestrymen of West and Eastchester, and Yonkers, do accept of Mr. Warham Mather as our minister for one whole year."6

At a public meeting of the inhabitants, held Sept. 5th, 1685, it was resolved to contribute the following salary towards the maintenance of a minister: --

£

s.

d.

£

s.

d.

Daniel Drake, Jr.,

William Gray,

Richard Shute,

John Clarkson,

Moses Hoite,

Thomas Korton,

Richard Hoadley,

John Shute,

John Piuckney,

Thomas Piucknej-,

John Drake,

Walter Lancaster,

John Wcarford,

Thomas Keurkiu,

Cornell Goding,

do. Jun'r,

Henry Fowler,

John Coe,

0 10

John Joan,

0 10

Nathaniel White.

This present testifieth, that we whose names are above written, do engage to pay the said several sums by us, every particular man, to pay as above said, unto Mr. Morgan Jones, for the carrying on the work of the ministry for this present year ensuing, beginning the said year, from the day of his coming, &c, hither, and carrying on the said work, and allow the said payment in good Indian corn, at 2s. for a bushel, winter wheat at 5s. by a bushel, &c."

This present testifieth, that we whose names are above written, do engage to pay the said several sums by us, every particular man, to pay as above said, unto Mr. Morgan Jones, for the carrying on the work of the ministry for this present year ensuing, beginning the said year, from the day of his coming, &c, hither, and carrying on the said work, and allow the said payment in good Indian corn, at 2s. for a bushel, winter wheat at 5s. by a bushel, &c."

Mr. Riker in his annals of Newtown, says: --

"The Rev. Morgan Jones had again changed his ministerial relations. The people of Eastchester had long desired to have him, and, perhaps, had enjoyed his services for a few months in the fall and winter of 1683. They now afford a liberal inducement, and he began to officiate there August 3d, 1685. The original agreement with him at Newtown, never

a See Westchester. b Westchester Kec

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

22 1

having been fulfilled, either as respected his salary or the fitting up of his residence; he applied to the governor and council for redress. A summons to the town authorities to appear and answer, was sufficient ; they satisfied Mr. Jones, and on April 27th, 1686, he gave them receipts in full.

Of his services in Newtown little is known beyond what has been related. His administration of baptism and the marriage vow is incidentally mentioned. He was a ready speaker, and of a conciliatory disposition ; but different accounts are given of his character and qualifications. Dr. Calomy, in speaking of him while settled in Wales, intimates that he wanted capacity, but was honest. But Dr. Mather in his Magnalia, sets him in a positively bad light ; yet I attach but little importance to his statements about Mr.

His administration of baptism and the marriage vow is incidentally mentioned. He was a ready speaker, and of a conciliatory disposition ; but different accounts are given of his character and qualifications. Dr. Calomy, in speaking of him while settled in Wales, intimates that he wanted capacity, but was honest. But Dr. Mather in his Magnalia, sets him in a positively bad light ; yet I attach but little importance to his statements about Mr. Jones, because they are not only improbable and puerile, but are given at second-hand, and not on the personal knowledge of the doctor -- whose credulity was equal to his learning. The history of Mr. Jones, so far as known, affords nothing positive against him; and it may be stated in his favor, that he enjoyed the acquaintance and confidence of Dr. Thomas Lloyd, of Pensylvania, and his brother Charles Lloyd, Esq., of Dolobran, Wales, who were his college mates at Oxford."0

The Rev. Morgan Jones was succeeded by Mr. Samuel Goding who received instructions to read in the Bible and other good sermon books, and so to carry on the Sabbath exercises in East Chester. On the 30th of November, 1692, the inhabitants of East Chester agreed to pay the following sums towards the support of Mr. Samuel Goding :

Henry Fowler offers one bushel of good winter wheat. John Tompkins 3 0 John Drake 4 0

John Clark 2 0 John Pinckney 5 pecks of Indian corn.

Joseph Drake 4 0 William Gray 2 0

Samuel Goding who received instructions to read in the Bible and other good sermon books, and so to carry on the Sabbath exercises in East Chester. On the 30th of November, 1692, the inhabitants of East Chester agreed to pay the following sums towards the support of Mr. Samuel Goding :

Henry Fowler offers one bushel of good winter wheat. John Tompkins 3 0 John Drake 4 0

John Clark 2 0 John Pinckney 5 pecks of Indian corn.

Joseph Drake 4 0 William Gray 2 0

Thomas Pinckney 3 0 John Shute 3 0

Isaac Taylor 2 0 Ben. Taylor 2 0

Thomas Shute 4 6.

Upon the 9th of May, 1693, it was resolved that a meeting-house should be built according to the dimensions agreed upon. " On the 1 6th inst it was agreed that the whole charge of building the said house shall be paid according unto the estates of every particular person's list taken." At the same time " Captain William Haiden. John Drake, John Pinckney, Richard Shute and Henry Fowler, Senior, were chosen overseers to superintend the building of the meeting-house."

By an act of Provincial Assembly passed 21st September, 1693, (confinned nth of May, 1697), East Chester • became one of the four precints6 of West Chester Parish.

a Riker's Annals of Newtown, L. I., p. 114.

ft Acts of Assembly from uwi to 1721. As early as 1609 we find the following order In tile Town Rec, "The bounds of our parish to be preiunbulated according to law," Book L p. 23.

John Drake, John Pinckney, Richard Shute and Henry Fowler, Senior, were chosen overseers to superintend the building of the meeting-house."

By an act of Provincial Assembly passed 21st September, 1693, (confinned nth of May, 1697), East Chester • became one of the four precints6 of West Chester Parish.

a Riker's Annals of Newtown, L. I., p. 114.

ft Acts of Assembly from uwi to 1721. As early as 1609 we find the following order In tile Town Rec, "The bounds of our parish to be preiunbulated according to law," Book L p. 23.

222 . HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

At a town meeting held on the 15th December, 1693, " Moses Hoit, junior, and others were chosen to take list of estimation according to the town's agreement for making a rate for the payment of the carpenter's work for building the meeting-house."

On the 1st of January, 1693-4, "William Haiden, John Drake and Richard Shute were chosen to receive forty pounds as according to the free will offering and to act and do and lay out the said several sums for the town. Also it was agreed that these men have full power to receive the said sums and lay them out towards building the said meeting-house and to render account thereof to the town."

At a town meeting held 23d January, 1694-5, the inhabitants "agreed by vote to lay out half an acre of land to be set out for a parsonage-lot, to be reserved for the use of the town, to be reserved for that use forever, which above said land is lying in and being upon the green in Eastchester."

Also it was agreed that these men have full power to receive the said sums and lay them out towards building the said meeting-house and to render account thereof to the town."

At a town meeting held 23d January, 1694-5, the inhabitants "agreed by vote to lay out half an acre of land to be set out for a parsonage-lot, to be reserved for the use of the town, to be reserved for that use forever, which above said land is lying in and being upon the green in Eastchester."

On the 31st of July, 1696, "it was determined to lighten the meetinghouse by a lantern to every seat of the same." The following is a plan of the meeting-house, with the names of pew-holders, as represented in the town records.

Mr. Justice Pinckney, Pichard White, Thomas White, John White, * Mates Fowler, The south side belong to this.

Henry Fowler, Sen. John Pinckney, Moses Hoite, Sen., Moses Hoite, J mi. John Haute, Robert Stonith, John Lancaster, East to this.

Capt. John Drake, Ensign Drake, John Tompkins, Nathan 1 Tompkins, Mr. Will. Chaterton, a place of John Clark, South side of this.

Isaac Taylor, Isaac Lawrence, Edward Hancock, Thomas Vail, Jeremiiih Fowler, Isaac Odell, John Coe, Joseph Coe, West to this.

The old church of Eastchester, like that of Westchester, would seem to have been a frame building twenty-eight feet square, and about eighteen feet to the eaves; the sides, as well as roof, being shingled, which latter met together in an apex. The interior was wainscoted, and a gallery was constructed in it, but soon after the commencement of the Rev-

Isaac Taylor, Isaac Lawrence, Edward Hancock, Thomas Vail, Jeremiiih Fowler, Isaac Odell, John Coe, Joseph Coe, West to this.

The old church of Eastchester, like that of Westchester, would seem to have been a frame building twenty-eight feet square, and about eighteen feet to the eaves; the sides, as well as roof, being shingled, which latter met together in an apex. The interior was wainscoted, and a gallery was constructed in it, but soon after the commencement of the Rev-

THE TOWN OK EAST CHESTER.

olutionary war, it was destroyed by fire. The foundation stones upon which the building rested, were visible in part, as late as 1793.° There is a tradition in the Pinckney family that one of its early members presented the land to the church, embracing the present green, church-yard and adjoining property, for which they enjoy the privilege of free interment.

At a town meeting held 226. July, 1697, "It was agreed by vote to meet at the meeting-house on the 10th day of August, next ensuing, at sun half an hour high in the morning, in order to the cutting brush about the common in Eastchester woods, and to appear at the beat of the drum."

On the 2d of January, 1698, the inhabitants agreed by vote, "That the address which is drawn up to be presented to His Excellency, concerning indockin (inducting) a minister, the said inhabitants have and do agree that the officers of said town shall asign (sign) the said address in behalf of themselves and the rest of the inhabitants, or any of our adjacent neighbors."

July, 1697, "It was agreed by vote to meet at the meeting-house on the 10th day of August, next ensuing, at sun half an hour high in the morning, in order to the cutting brush about the common in Eastchester woods, and to appear at the beat of the drum."

On the 2d of January, 1698, the inhabitants agreed by vote, "That the address which is drawn up to be presented to His Excellency, concerning indockin (inducting) a minister, the said inhabitants have and do agree that the officers of said town shall asign (sign) the said address in behalf of themselves and the rest of the inhabitants, or any of our adjacent neighbors."

The Governour, however, refused to induct a dissenting minister, on the ground that such a one was not qualified to accept, and that the law intended no other than an orthodox minister, for if otherwise, nothing but confusion would ensue about the disposal even amongst the Dissenters themselves.

The inhabitants of East Chester finding the Governour bent upon the settlement of a national ministry, next attempted to annul the act of 1693, by making themselves a distinct parish from Westchester. This appears by the following extract from the town records :

"April nth, 1699, it was agreed upon, by a full and free vote, to petition unto His Excellency and Honorable Council and General Assembly, in behalf of ourselves and the rest of our neighbors in the Yonkers and Mile Square, to desire that we may be taken from Westchester and have liberty to call a minister of our own."

The inhabitants of East Chester finding the Governour bent upon the settlement of a national ministry, next attempted to annul the act of 1693, by making themselves a distinct parish from Westchester. This appears by the following extract from the town records :

"April nth, 1699, it was agreed upon, by a full and free vote, to petition unto His Excellency and Honorable Council and General Assembly, in behalf of ourselves and the rest of our neighbors in the Yonkers and Mile Square, to desire that we may be taken from Westchester and have liberty to call a minister of our own."

On the 26th of December, 1699, it was resolved at a public meeting held in East Chester, " To haste and erect the meeting-house, and that it shall be finished at or before the 31st of May, in the year of our Lord, 1700, and in case the said work be not finished, that then John Drake and Jeremiah Fowler shall set men at work and finish the said work on the town account."6

a Rev. William S. Coffey'9 Commemorative Discourse, 1S65, at Centennial Anniversary of St. Paul's church.

b Town Records. " By an act of Assembly passed this year, the trustees of each town were to make a yearly rate.for nuildiiiir a church where wanting, Ac." 2 Will. III. A. D. 1699. Laws of N. V- vol. 1. Chap. S3, p. 37.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

At a meeting of the inhabitants, 20th of February, 1700, we find them setting aside a small quantity of land as a provision for a minister, according to their constant method, and which was used in all other townships within the Colony, as follows :

" By an act of Assembly passed this year, the trustees of each town were to make a yearly rate.for nuildiiiir a church where wanting, Ac." 2 Will. III. A. D. 1699. Laws of N. V- vol. 1. Chap. S3, p. 37.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

At a meeting of the inhabitants, 20th of February, 1700, we find them setting aside a small quantity of land as a provision for a minister, according to their constant method, and which was used in all other townships within the Colony, as follows :

" The said inhabitants have laid out one piece of land containing 18 rods in length, and easterly 5 iod, and at the western end it is 5 rod in breadth; the said land is set, lying and being in East Chester, 1 rod off from John Lancaster's meadow, and at the west end half a rod by the home meadow of the said John Lancaster's, which land is for the use of the town for a parsonage lot, which said lot was laid out by the consent of Mr. Thomas Pinckney, justice of the peace, and Richard Shute, as witnesseth that the said land is given to be so uer (near) his meadow. The mark of John X Lancaster."0

Upon this occasion it was agreed " That the minister's salary be paid by rate for time to come."

On the 1 6th of May, 1699 or 1700, " Ten acres of land were voted by the inhabitants of Eastchester to Nicollas Conklin, in consideration that he shall part with his house, home, lot and orchard, for the use of a minister, in case the said minister do accept of this above said house and home lot." Mr. Henery Fowler at the same time was directed to " Wriggt a letter to Mr.

Upon this occasion it was agreed " That the minister's salary be paid by rate for time to come."

On the 1 6th of May, 1699 or 1700, " Ten acres of land were voted by the inhabitants of Eastchester to Nicollas Conklin, in consideration that he shall part with his house, home, lot and orchard, for the use of a minister, in case the said minister do accept of this above said house and home lot." Mr. Henery Fowler at the same time was directed to " Wriggt a letter to Mr. Morgan to come over and see whether he doth well approve of what the inhabitants have done for his maintenance."6

It was also " Agreed to pay Ml. Morgan ^30 current, for salary," which sum was ordered to be raised upon all rateable estates.

At a public town meeting, held about this time, " Mr. Joseph Morgan did declare that he did not like that home lot of Nicholas Concklin's, and also that the said piece of land is not a whole home lot."c

Upon the 12th of June, 1700, twenty acres of land were voted to Mr. Morgan.

" At a public town meeting, called by order of the inhabitants, Oct. 4th, 1700, the said inhabitants directed Mr. Henry Fowler and Richard Shute, (with the rest of the intended church.) to write unto the Reverend ministers in New England concerning the ordination, they having the assistance of the Rev. Mr. Morgan; also that Mr. Thomas Pinkney, Henery Fowler and Richard Shute, shall wright unto His Excellency for his approbation, that he will be pleased to induct (the word induct is marked out in the original MS. and the letters app written over it) our minister, the Rev. Joseph Morgan." At the same time, " Joseph Drake and Thomas Pinckney were authorized to agree with a carpenter to build a pulpit on the town's account."

Mr. Morgan; also that Mr. Thomas Pinkney, Henery Fowler and Richard Shute, shall wright unto His Excellency for his approbation, that he will be pleased to induct (the word induct is marked out in the original MS. and the letters app written over it) our minister, the Rev. Joseph Morgan." At the same time, " Joseph Drake and Thomas Pinckney were authorized to agree with a carpenter to build a pulpit on the town's account."

a Town Records, vol. i. p. 20. 6 Town Rec, vol. t. p. 20. e Town Rec, vol. i. p. 4.

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

Having now obtained the services of a minister, and finding the Church pouring in upon them, the inhabitants once more determined to pettion the Assembly for an act to separate them from Westchester. Whereupon, at a town meeting, 14th of October, 1700, "Mr. Henry Fowler., sen., was authorized by the inhabitants to proceed to New- York to petition the General Assembly for the calling and settling a minister with ourselves, and that we may be freed from Westchester in the ministry."

1 2th of King William III, A. D., 1700, occurs an act of the General Assembly, entitled as follows : --

AN ACT FOR DECLARING THE TOWN OF EASTCHESTER IN THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER, A DISTINCT PARISH FROM THE TOWN OF WESTCHESTER IN THE COUNTY AFORESAID.

Passed tlie 29th of October, 1700.

" Whereas, by an Act of the General Assembly of this Province, entitled : -- An Act for settliug a ministry and raising a maintenance for them iu the City of New- York, County of Richmond, Westchester and Queens County, it is amongst other things declared and enacted, that the towns of Westchester, Eastchester, Lower Yonkers and the Manor of Pelham, in the county of Westchester, should be a parish together, for the better maintaining of a good and sufficient Protestant minister ; and, whereas, since the making of said act, it has been found inconvenient, and to the great discouragement of religion and the public worship of God, for the inhabitauts of Eastchester to travel to Westchester aforesaid, to be present at the preaching of the Word of God; wherefore, the said Inhabitants and Freeholders of the town of Eastchester aforesaid, have, by their humble Petition to the House of Representatives, now convened in General Assembly, most humbly prayed, that it might be declared and enacted.

" Whereas, by an Act of the General Assembly of this Province, entitled : -- An Act for settliug a ministry and raising a maintenance for them iu the City of New- York, County of Richmond, Westchester and Queens County, it is amongst other things declared and enacted, that the towns of Westchester, Eastchester, Lower Yonkers and the Manor of Pelham, in the county of Westchester, should be a parish together, for the better maintaining of a good and sufficient Protestant minister ; and, whereas, since the making of said act, it has been found inconvenient, and to the great discouragement of religion and the public worship of God, for the inhabitauts of Eastchester to travel to Westchester aforesaid, to be present at the preaching of the Word of God; wherefore, the said Inhabitants and Freeholders of the town of Eastchester aforesaid, have, by their humble Petition to the House of Representatives, now convened in General Assembly, most humbly prayed, that it might be declared and enacted.

" I. And be it Declared and Enacted, by His Excellency, the Governour and Council and Representatives, now convened in General Assembly, and by the authority of the same, that the said town of Eastchester, in the County of Westchester be for henceforth and forever hereafter, separated from the parish of Westchester, Eastchester, Lower Yonkers, and the Manor of Pelham, to all intents, constructions, and purposes whatsoever ; the said act, entitled an Act for settling the ministry and raising a maintenance for them, in the City of New- York, County of Richmond, Westchester and Queens County, or any other act to the contrary thereof in any ways notwithstanding.

And be it Declared and Enacted, by His Excellency, the Governour and Council and Representatives, now convened in General Assembly, and by the authority of the same, that the said town of Eastchester, in the County of Westchester be for henceforth and forever hereafter, separated from the parish of Westchester, Eastchester, Lower Yonkers, and the Manor of Pelham, to all intents, constructions, and purposes whatsoever ; the said act, entitled an Act for settling the ministry and raising a maintenance for them, in the City of New- York, County of Richmond, Westchester and Queens County, or any other act to the contrary thereof in any ways notwithstanding.

"II. And be it Further Enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the said Town of Eastchester, in the County of Westchester, be, and is hereby declared to be and remain forever a distinct parish from the Parish of Westchester, Eastchester, Lower Yonkers, and the Manor of Pelham, by the name and style of the Parish of Eastchester, in the County of Westchester ; Provided, that the Freeholders and Inhabitants thereof do maintain a good orthodox Protestant minister in the said town of Eastchester ; any law, usage or custom to the contrary thereof, iu any ways notwithstanding."

2 26 ' HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

The above Act was disannulled by Queen Anne in Council in 1702^ 3, as appears from the following in a letter addressed by the Lords of Trade to Lord Cornbury, dated Whitehall, Jan. 26th, 1702, occurs the following :

And be it Further Enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the said Town of Eastchester, in the County of Westchester, be, and is hereby declared to be and remain forever a distinct parish from the Parish of Westchester, Eastchester, Lower Yonkers, and the Manor of Pelham, by the name and style of the Parish of Eastchester, in the County of Westchester ; Provided, that the Freeholders and Inhabitants thereof do maintain a good orthodox Protestant minister in the said town of Eastchester ; any law, usage or custom to the contrary thereof, iu any ways notwithstanding."

2 26 ' HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

The above Act was disannulled by Queen Anne in Council in 1702^ 3, as appears from the following in a letter addressed by the Lords of Trade to Lord Cornbury, dated Whitehall, Jan. 26th, 1702, occurs the following :

"P. S. -- Since the writing of this letter, upon consideration of the Act for declaring the town of Eastchester to be a distinct parish, «fcc, and of the reasons offered to us against it by the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of London, we have prepared a report to be laid before Her Majesty with our humble opinion that the same be disallowed.""

Again their lordships writing to the same, dated Whitehall, April 7 th, 1703, say:

" We have told you in a former letter that we had prepared a report with our opiuion for disannulling the Act declaring the Town of East Chester to be a distinct Parish, &c. Which having accordingly been done, We likewise send you a Copy of Her Majesty's Order in Council for that effect."6

S. -- Since the writing of this letter, upon consideration of the Act for declaring the town of Eastchester to be a distinct parish, «fcc, and of the reasons offered to us against it by the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of London, we have prepared a report to be laid before Her Majesty with our humble opinion that the same be disallowed.""

Again their lordships writing to the same, dated Whitehall, April 7 th, 1703, say:

" We have told you in a former letter that we had prepared a report with our opiuion for disannulling the Act declaring the Town of East Chester to be a distinct Parish, &c. Which having accordingly been done, We likewise send you a Copy of Her Majesty's Order in Council for that effect."6

June the 12th, 1700. -- "The town exchanged land with Mr. Joseph Morgan, pastor of the church in East Chester."

The inhabitants of Eastchester also at the same time " did give and grant two acres of land, to be laid out where it shall not be within the Town's sheep pasture, unto Mr. Joseph Morgan, minister, &x."c

"June 26, 1700. At a town meeting held by the inhabitants of Eastchester, the inhabitants have agreed that the minister's note and the town rate shall be paid by agreement, as the town rate was payd in the year i6Q4."d

"At a public town meeting called by order of the inhabitants, Oct. 4th, 1700, the said inhabitants directed Mr. Henry Fowler and Richard Shute, (with the rest of the intended church,) to write unto the reverend ministers in New England concerning the ordination j they having the assistance of the Rev. Mr. Morgan. Also, that Mr. John Pinckney, Henry Fowler and Richard Shute, shall write unto his Excellency for his approbation, that he will be pleased to induct our minister the Rev.

"At a public town meeting called by order of the inhabitants, Oct. 4th, 1700, the said inhabitants directed Mr. Henry Fowler and Richard Shute, (with the rest of the intended church,) to write unto the reverend ministers in New England concerning the ordination j they having the assistance of the Rev. Mr. Morgan. Also, that Mr. John Pinckney, Henry Fowler and Richard Shute, shall write unto his Excellency for his approbation, that he will be pleased to induct our minister the Rev. Joseph Morgan ; at the same time Joseph Drake and John Shute-, were chosen to hire a man to build a pulpit on the town account."

March the 6th, 1701, the inhabitants "exchanged 4 rods of land with Joseph Morgan, pastor of the Church of Eastchester."

January 12th, 1702, it was resolved by the justices and vestrymen of

a N. Y. Col. M. S. S., London Doc. 15, vol. iv. p. 1026.

6 Ditto, p. 1038.

c Town Roc. vol. vll, p. 24.

d Town Rcc. vol. vii, p. 24.

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

the Parish of Westchester that there shall be raised ^50 for the minister's maintenance, the proportion of Eastchester being ^£9, 17s. 6d.a

Upon the 3d of April, 1702, John Drake and Thomas Pinckney were authorized, "To agree with a carpenter to make a pulpit, and set up the gallery and repair the window shutters, &c."

At the same time, John Tompkins, jun., was also chosen " To beat the drum constantly, every Lord's day, if occasion require, and at other times when it is needful, and to keep the drum in repair ; and the said inhabitants do promise to pay him therefor 9 pence a piece, every one.''

Upon the 3d of April, 1702, John Drake and Thomas Pinckney were authorized, "To agree with a carpenter to make a pulpit, and set up the gallery and repair the window shutters, &c."

At the same time, John Tompkins, jun., was also chosen " To beat the drum constantly, every Lord's day, if occasion require, and at other times when it is needful, and to keep the drum in repair ; and the said inhabitants do promise to pay him therefor 9 pence a piece, every one.''

"April 14th, 1702, the inhabitants of Eastchester have given liberty unto Mr. Joseph Morgan, our minister, that is to say the use of that part of meadow by and near unto Saml. Water's house, and that he shall have the use of the said meadow for the term of ten years after the date hereof."6

On the 18th of May, 1703, the inhabitants of Eastchester appointed Mr. Thos. Pinkney and Mr. Edmund Ward " To draw an obligation with Mr. Joseph Morgan, minister, for one year, for his encouragement, and to see who will subscribe thereunto for the payment of the town."

Mr. Morgan, who must have resigned the pastoral charge of Eastchester sometime during the above-mentioned year, was the son of Lieut. Joseph Morgan, (of what is now Preston County by his wife Dorothy, daughter of Thomas Parke, of Weathcrsfield), the third son of James Morgan, a native of Wales, who was born in 1607, and who emmigrated to Roxbury, Mass., in 1638. The Rev. Joseph was born at Preston 6th of November, 1671. "His name stands on the catalogue of Yale College as one of the graduates in the class of 1702, but he was probably not a regular graduate ; and the degree of A. B. was doubtless conferred upon him as an honarary one -- for according to the " History of Greenwich," Conn., he was settled over the First Church, Greenwich, in 1697, and in 1700, dismissed and settled over Second Church, Greenwich.

Joseph was born at Preston 6th of November, 1671. "His name stands on the catalogue of Yale College as one of the graduates in the class of 1702, but he was probably not a regular graduate ; and the degree of A. B. was doubtless conferred upon him as an honarary one -- for according to the " History of Greenwich," Conn., he was settled over the First Church, Greenwich, in 1697, and in 1700, dismissed and settled over Second Church, Greenwich. He was also a regular preacher in Bedford, Westchester County, N. Y., in 1699, and was ordained by the Fairfield County Association in i7oo,"c and soon after called to Eastchester. "From 1704 to 1708, he was again the minister at Greenwich, Conn. In 1709, he was settled as pastor of the Presbyterian Church at, Freehold, New Jersey, and in 1728 was charged before the Synod with "practising astrology, countenancing promiscuous dancing, and transgressing in drink." These charges were not sustained. He resigned, however, and took charge of the two churches at Hopewell and Maidenhead, N. J.; and in 1736, was

a Town Rec. vol. vti, p. 57.

b Vestry Books of Westchester Parish.

c Morgan Family, by N. U. Morgan, Hartford, 1S69.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

again charged with intemperance, and suspended from the ministry -- but was restored again in 1738, "on the intercession of many good people."" Romeyn, in his history of the First Reformed Dutch Church at Hackensack, says that "In 1709 the Dutch Church in Monmouth County obtained the services of the Rev. Joseph Morgan, who was there for twenty-two years."6 Mr. Morgan was a preacher of considerable note, and several of his discourses and sermons were published ; among them, one on the death of his eldest son, Joseph, a graduate of Yale College, 1723, and died the same year; a " Reply to a Railer against the Doctrine of Election," 1724; "Sin its own Punishment," 1728; and " Love to our Neighbors," third edition, 1749." In his letters dated at Freehold in 1721 and 1722, he speaks of his two sons, one aged 17 and the other 11, as "good scholars," and "one other son a little older;" this is evidently the Joseph whose death is above alluded to.d

Morgan was a preacher of considerable note, and several of his discourses and sermons were published ; among them, one on the death of his eldest son, Joseph, a graduate of Yale College, 1723, and died the same year; a " Reply to a Railer against the Doctrine of Election," 1724; "Sin its own Punishment," 1728; and " Love to our Neighbors," third edition, 1749." In his letters dated at Freehold in 1721 and 1722, he speaks of his two sons, one aged 17 and the other 11, as "good scholars," and "one other son a little older;" this is evidently the Joseph whose death is above alluded to.d

" At a town meeting held by ye freeholders of East Chester ye 26th of January, 17", it was voted that Moses Fowler should have and enjoy all ye land between ye land of Wm. Fowler that he bought of Joseph Morgan."

On the 19th of February, 1717, James Morgan was appointed collector of Eastchester.

On the 15th of February, 1725, the names of James Morgan and Thomas Morgan appear as freeholders of the town.

To Mr. Morgan, as pastor of the Congregational or Presbyterian church at Eastchester, appears to have succeeded the celebrated William Tennent.

List of ministers or pastors of the Congregational or Presbyterian church of

Eastchester.

Install ok Call. Pastors. Vacated.

1665-6, Rev. Nathaniel Brewster, B. D., Resigned.

1675, Rev. Ezekiel Fogge,

1684, Rev. Warham Mather,« "

3d Aug., 1685, Rev. Morgan Jones, A. M., "

30 Nov., 1692, Rev. Samuel Goding, "

On the 15th of February, 1725, the names of James Morgan and Thomas Morgan appear as freeholders of the town.

To Mr. Morgan, as pastor of the Congregational or Presbyterian church at Eastchester, appears to have succeeded the celebrated William Tennent.

List of ministers or pastors of the Congregational or Presbyterian church of

Eastchester.

Install ok Call. Pastors. Vacated.

1665-6, Rev. Nathaniel Brewster, B. D., Resigned.

1675, Rev. Ezekiel Fogge,

1684, Rev. Warham Mather,« "

3d Aug., 1685, Rev. Morgan Jones, A. M., "

30 Nov., 1692, Rev. Samuel Goding, "

1691, Rev. Marmaduke Matthews, "

1700, Rev. Joseph Morgan, A.B. "

1719. Rev. William Tennent,

a History of Morgan Family, by N. II. Morgan.

b First LMs. at Dedication 01 First Dutch Church at TJackensack, N. J., by Rev. Theodore Romeyn, May 2, 1809. c History of Morgan Family, by N. H. Morgan.

d Morgan Family, by N. H. Morgan. In the Town Record of Eastchester occnr the following entries : "East Chester, the 27th day of January, 1703, Joseph Morgan, the son of Joseph Morgan and Sarah his wife, was born the 12th day of March, 1701." This evidently records the birth of Joseph the eldest son, graduate of Yale College, who died 2Sth November. 1723. " Anne Morgan, the daughter of Joseph Morgan and Sarah his wife, was born the 4th d.iv < >f July, 1702; Cornelia Morgan, the daughter of Joseph Morgan, was bom the 31st dav of October (1703). Entered by me, Edmund Ward, Recorder." " Andrew Morgan, the son of Joseph Morgan and Sarah his wife, was born the 29th day of January, 1704-5." Town Rec. Lib. ii, p. 43.

In the Town Record of Eastchester occnr the following entries : "East Chester, the 27th day of January, 1703, Joseph Morgan, the son of Joseph Morgan and Sarah his wife, was born the 12th day of March, 1701." This evidently records the birth of Joseph the eldest son, graduate of Yale College, who died 2Sth November. 1723. " Anne Morgan, the daughter of Joseph Morgan and Sarah his wife, was born the 4th d.iv < >f July, 1702; Cornelia Morgan, the daughter of Joseph Morgan, was bom the 31st dav of October (1703). Entered by me, Edmund Ward, Recorder." " Andrew Morgan, the son of Joseph Morgan and Sarah his wife, was born the 29th day of January, 1704-5." Town Rec. Lib. ii, p. 43.

i Sec a letter from Warham Mather, m the Mather's Papers, published m ColL MSS. Hist; Soc. (N. Y. Hist Soc).

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

22Q

Upon the 19th of November, 1702, the Rev. John Bartow was inducted by Govcrnour Cornbury, into the parish church of Westchester, Eastchester, Yonkers and the Manor of Pelham, notwithstanding all the means used to prevent and disturb his settlement by the Independents; and as no "good Orthodox Protestant minister" had been maintained in this parish, in accordance with the late act, Mr. Bartow was considered legally inducted, and settled over all the rights and appurtenances of Westchester parish, of which the church at Eastchester formed a part. This fact the Independents or Presbyterians themselves acknowledged by paying their quota of j£$o per annum, towards Mr. Bartow's support, according to the first settlement in 1693.

John Bartow was inducted by Govcrnour Cornbury, into the parish church of Westchester, Eastchester, Yonkers and the Manor of Pelham, notwithstanding all the means used to prevent and disturb his settlement by the Independents; and as no "good Orthodox Protestant minister" had been maintained in this parish, in accordance with the late act, Mr. Bartow was considered legally inducted, and settled over all the rights and appurtenances of Westchester parish, of which the church at Eastchester formed a part. This fact the Independents or Presbyterians themselves acknowledged by paying their quota of j£$o per annum, towards Mr. Bartow's support, according to the first settlement in 1693.

In the summary account of the state of the Church in the province of New York, as it was laid before the clergy, convened October 5th, 1704, at New York, by the appointment of his Excellency Edward Lord Viscount Cornbury and Colonel Francis Nicholson, it was stated, that "There is one independent congregation at Eastchester, whose minister designs to leave there, whose congregation upon his departure are resolved to join with the Church.""1

Col. Caleb Heathcoate, in a letter to the secretary of the venerable Society for Propagating the Gospel in foreign parts, dated Manor of Scarsdale, November 9th, 1705, thus writes; "and thirdly, one Mr. Morgan, who was minister of Eastchester, promised me to conform."6

The following extract from a letter of the Rev. John Bartow, rector of the parish of Westchester, to the secretary of the Venerable Propagating Society, in 1707, shows most conclusively that the inhabitants of Eastchester finally embraced the Church of England, and accepted him as their minister.

Caleb Heathcoate, in a letter to the secretary of the venerable Society for Propagating the Gospel in foreign parts, dated Manor of Scarsdale, November 9th, 1705, thus writes; "and thirdly, one Mr. Morgan, who was minister of Eastchester, promised me to conform."6

The following extract from a letter of the Rev. John Bartow, rector of the parish of Westchester, to the secretary of the Venerable Propagating Society, in 1707, shows most conclusively that the inhabitants of Eastchester finally embraced the Church of England, and accepted him as their minister.

"My Lord Cornbury requested me to go and preach in Eastchester; accordingly I went, (though some there had given out threatening words should I dare to come,) but tho' I was there very early, and the people had notice of my coming, their Presbyterian minister, Mr. Morgan, had begun service in the meeting-house, to which I went straightway and continued the whole time without interruption, and in the afternoon I was permitted to perform the Church of England service; Mr. Morgan being present, and neither lie nor the people seemed dissatisfied, and after some time of preaching there afterwards, they desired me to come oftcner; and I concluded to minister there once a month, which now I have done for about three years."

In regard to this conformity of the people of Eastchester to the Church of England, Dr. Howkins says: -- "That the population of Easta Town Rcc. vol. 11, 16, b Town Kec. vol. i, 29.

230 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Morgan being present, and neither lie nor the people seemed dissatisfied, and after some time of preaching there afterwards, they desired me to come oftcner; and I concluded to minister there once a month, which now I have done for about three years."

In regard to this conformity of the people of Eastchester to the Church of England, Dr. Howkins says: -- "That the population of Easta Town Rcc. vol. 11, 16, b Town Kec. vol. i, 29.

230 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Chester was 400, who being Presbyterians, obtained an act, by which they were formed into a separate parish, and obtained a minister of their own persuasion ; but on Mr. Bartow's coming among them, they were so well satisfied with the liturgy and doctrine of the Church, that they forsook their minister and conformed to the Church of England."

In an address to the venerable and honorable Society for Propagating the Gospel, the following account is given of the building of the church at Eastchester : --

" May it please the venerable and honorable Society for Propagating the Gospel -- we, whose names are subscribed, do hereby certify that the Church of Eastchester was built in the year of our Lord, 1692, by subscription of the inhabitants of said town ; and that Mr. Matthews, a Presbyterian minister, for about three years, and after him Mr. Morgan, a Presbyterian minister, did preach till such time as Mr. Bartow began to preach unto us in the year 1763, since which time it has been in his possession, and he comes and preaches at Eastchester once in four weeks during the winter, and once in eight weeks during the space of six months in the summer.

" May it please the venerable and honorable Society for Propagating the Gospel -- we, whose names are subscribed, do hereby certify that the Church of Eastchester was built in the year of our Lord, 1692, by subscription of the inhabitants of said town ; and that Mr. Matthews, a Presbyterian minister, for about three years, and after him Mr. Morgan, a Presbyterian minister, did preach till such time as Mr. Bartow began to preach unto us in the year 1763, since which time it has been in his possession, and he comes and preaches at Eastchester once in four weeks during the winter, and once in eight weeks during the space of six months in the summer.

" And we further certify that the town of Eastchester was made a distinct parish from Westchester in the year 1700."

About this time the inhabitants addressed the following petition to Governor Cornbury, asking for an abatement in their annual quota and thanking him for directing Mr. Bartow to preach among them : --

PETITION FROM EASTCHESTER TO HIS EXCELLENCY, &o. "The Humble Petition of John Drake, Joseph Drake and William Chadderton in the behalf of themselves and the inhabitants of Eastchester, Slieiceth :

That Col. Heathcote. did, at the request of your Excellency's Petitioners, move your Excellency to give directions that what the Vestry had layd on the parish of Westchester for incidental charges over the minister's rate and constable's allowance for allowing the same, might be abated from the qnoata layd on our place, we being burtheued with much more than our just proportion of that tax; that Col. Heatcote did thereupon inform your Excellency's Petitioner's, that your Excellency had been pleased to direct that some of the Justices which lived without the precincts, should make inquiry into that matter and make report thereof to your Excellency, but the Justices not being able before this" time to get in the list of estates was the cause of the delay of that return, so hope your Excellency will pardon our not leavying what was layd upon us, by the late Vestry, and will, in your great goodness and justice, protect us from paying more than our fair and equal proportion, which we shall always most readily do, so long as your Excellency shall think fitt to continue us joyned to that Parish.

Heatcote did thereupon inform your Excellency's Petitioner's, that your Excellency had been pleased to direct that some of the Justices which lived without the precincts, should make inquiry into that matter and make report thereof to your Excellency, but the Justices not being able before this" time to get in the list of estates was the cause of the delay of that return, so hope your Excellency will pardon our not leavying what was layd upon us, by the late Vestry, and will, in your great goodness and justice, protect us from paying more than our fair and equal proportion, which we shall always most readily do, so long as your Excellency shall think fitt to continue us joyned to that Parish. We are exceeding thankful that your Excellency hath been pleased to direct Mr. Rartow to preach sometimes amongst us, for we assure your Excellency that 'tis our earnest desires to come under the Regulation of the Church of England

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

as by law established, and so is our minister, Mr. Morgan, for which reason we are desirous to continue him amongst us, and maintaine him by subscription untill such times as your Excellency shall think fitt to have the parishes in the County otherwise divided, which are at present so very ineonvenieut, that not half of the people can have the benefit of the ministry. Your Excellency we find by the return of the Justices, that our divident of the late rate ought not to have been more than .£'7 5s. 6d., and the Vestry have layd £15 10s. upon us, and there being i'7 10s. layd on the parish, besides the Minister's rate and the Constable's allowance for leavying the same, under the name of incidental charges, and that some, by the inequality of the division falling wholly upon us ; we therefore, most humbly implore your Excellency to direct that we may pay no more at this time than £S, and for the future only our equal divident, and as in duty bound, your Excellency's Petitioners shall Ever Pray, &c.

Your Excellency we find by the return of the Justices, that our divident of the late rate ought not to have been more than .£'7 5s. 6d., and the Vestry have layd £15 10s. upon us, and there being i'7 10s. layd on the parish, besides the Minister's rate and the Constable's allowance for leavying the same, under the name of incidental charges, and that some, by the inequality of the division falling wholly upon us ; we therefore, most humbly implore your Excellency to direct that we may pay no more at this time than £S, and for the future only our equal divident, and as in duty bound, your Excellency's Petitioners shall Ever Pray, &c.

John Dkake, Joseph Dkake, William Chatterton."<*

The foregoing petition shows conclusively, that although Eastchester had been declared a separate parish from Westchester, as early as 1700, yet the Colonial Governors still considered it as joined to that parish according to the prior act of 1693.

This the inhabitants also acknowledged by the annual election of three Vestrymen for the precinct and paying the yearly rates laid on the the parish. The choice of a minister, however, and providing for his support, had been lodged by the act of 1693, in the Vestry; and the choice of a Vestry in the people. Into the church and freehold of the parsonage lot (as it was then styled) of Eastchester, Mr. Bartow had been legally presented by the Vestry and inducted by the Governor's mandate, as we have already seen.

This the inhabitants also acknowledged by the annual election of three Vestrymen for the precinct and paying the yearly rates laid on the the parish. The choice of a minister, however, and providing for his support, had been lodged by the act of 1693, in the Vestry; and the choice of a Vestry in the people. Into the church and freehold of the parsonage lot (as it was then styled) of Eastchester, Mr. Bartow had been legally presented by the Vestry and inducted by the Governor's mandate, as we have already seen.

At a meeting held by the Justices and Vestry of Westchester, the 1 2th of December, 1705, "John Smith, of Eastchester, constable, in the year 1704, proved the payment of ^9 17s. 6d., which is the full proportion of said Town for that year." The Vestry agreed that, " Mr. Bartow, if he pleased, shall preach at Eastchester every fourth Sabbath day, which was condescended to by Mr. Bartow."

In 1709-10, the Vestry next for Eastchester were Isaac Taylor, John Lancaster and Nathaniel Tompkins.

Upon the 25th of February, 1711-12, "at a town meeting held by the freeholders of Eastchester, the said freeholders did agree by vote, that Judge Drake, Isaac Taylor and Moses Fowler, should be empowered to constitute and hire a man or men, as they shall think proper, to repair and finish the meeting-house and making a pulpit in the same ; and also

a Doc. Hist, of N. Y. vol. III. 92- S.

232 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Upon the 25th of February, 1711-12, "at a town meeting held by the freeholders of Eastchester, the said freeholders did agree by vote, that Judge Drake, Isaac Taylor and Moses Fowler, should be empowered to constitute and hire a man or men, as they shall think proper, to repair and finish the meeting-house and making a pulpit in the same ; and also

a Doc. Hist, of N. Y. vol. III. 92- S.

232 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

to have power to make a rate on all and every of the freeholders and inhabitants of the said town, that shall amount to as much money as shall defray the said charges." On the 20th of March following, this resolution was repealed and the same men empowered to " Repair the meeting-house, in making a pulpit and pew in it, and also seal and make seats in the same so far as the boards that are already bought will go."

The next year the Rev. John Bartow contributed £9 6s. 6d. towards rectifying the pews and seats in East and Westchester churches.

In 1 7 1 8, Mr. Bartow informs the Society that some efforts were being made to introduce a Presbyterian minister at Eastchester. This must have been the celebrated William Tennent, who officiated here for a short time only, from whence he removed to Bedford.

MR. BARTOW TO THE SECRETARY- [extract.] Westchester in the Province of New York, Nov. 1 8th, 1 7 18.

Worthy Sir,

" I am sorry that I have occasion to acquaint the Society that there are endeavours now on foot to bring in a Presbyterian minister at Eastchester. Some of their main agents have been with me and signified their design, from which I laboured to dissuade them, but in vain ; for they told me if I would undertake to come and preach every Lord's day in their town, they would be contented, otherwise, they wouid have a minister of their own.

" I am sorry that I have occasion to acquaint the Society that there are endeavours now on foot to bring in a Presbyterian minister at Eastchester. Some of their main agents have been with me and signified their design, from which I laboured to dissuade them, but in vain ; for they told me if I would undertake to come and preach every Lord's day in their town, they would be contented, otherwise, they wouid have a minister of their own. This has bred a division amongst the people, and some are for it and some against it ; which schism, I think, would effectually be ended if they had a minister of the Church of England to reside amongst them.""

Mr. Bartow, writing to the Secretary in 1725, says: -- "The pulpit and wainscoat of the church at Eastchester, are since decently painted, and a new gallery built, and the Presbyterian minister when he comes not permitted to officiate therein."

Upon the death of Mr. Bartow, the Rev. Thomas Standard, was inducted "To the rectory of Westchester, the glebe thereof, and to all the rights and appurtenances of the same."

In the year 1728, Mr. Standard officiated every other Sunday at Eastchester and publicly catechised the children.6

"During Mr Standards ministry here, some trouble-making spirits arose, who sought to upset the action of those Presbyterians, who joined the Church in Mr Bartow's time, and get possession of the old building.

a Now York MSS. from Archives at Fulharu, vol. 1, 555. (Hawks.) b Printed Abstracts of Yen. Soc.

Thomas Standard, was inducted "To the rectory of Westchester, the glebe thereof, and to all the rights and appurtenances of the same."

In the year 1728, Mr. Standard officiated every other Sunday at Eastchester and publicly catechised the children.6

"During Mr Standards ministry here, some trouble-making spirits arose, who sought to upset the action of those Presbyterians, who joined the Church in Mr Bartow's time, and get possession of the old building.

a Now York MSS. from Archives at Fulharu, vol. 1, 555. (Hawks.) b Printed Abstracts of Yen. Soc.

THE TOWN OK EAST CHESTER.

But religious contracts were found to be as binding as civil bargains. Mr. Standard says, "The church of Eastchester was supposed to be included among the rights and appurtenances of Westchester parish; that Mr. Bartow was legally presented and inducted into the church, and died possessed of it ; that he too was legally presented and inducted, and therefore laid claim to it as his own proper right exclusive of them, and so kept them out of it.""

In 1744, Mr. Standard, who had now taken up his residence in Eastchester, writes to the Secretary as follows: --

MR. STANDARD TO THE SECRETARY. [extract.]

Eastchester, May 14th, 1744.

Rev. Sir,

"My Brother Vaughan informs me, that Archbishop Tennison hath left upon his will, ^50 per annum, to be paid to the oldest missionary, being an Englishman, which missionary he saith I am, and that it will be necessary for me to go home in order to obtain it, which if I do, and apply to my Lord Chancellor, he doubts not of success; and he further adds, that Mr. Talbot received the same during his time. If you, good sir, know any thing of that affair, be pleased to communicate it to me and to intercede for leave for me to come home.

"My Brother Vaughan informs me, that Archbishop Tennison hath left upon his will, ^50 per annum, to be paid to the oldest missionary, being an Englishman, which missionary he saith I am, and that it will be necessary for me to go home in order to obtain it, which if I do, and apply to my Lord Chancellor, he doubts not of success; and he further adds, that Mr. Talbot received the same during his time. If you, good sir, know any thing of that affair, be pleased to communicate it to me and to intercede for leave for me to come home.

I am yours and the Venerable Society's very humble servant,

Thomas Standard."6

The following year he informs the Society, that the parishes of East and Westchester are in a peaceable and growing state.

As Church business was at this time transacted with town matters, we find the inhabitants electing a sexton for Eastchester. On April the 1st,

1755, it was resolved, "That Richard Stevens be appointed grave-digger for the town, for the year ensuing, and to dig a grown person's grave for six shillings and three shillings for children." On the 7th of April,

1756, the town appointed the same individual for grave-digger and sexton for the town.

In 1758, Mr Standard presented the bell to the church, which still summons the parishoners every Lord's day to the house of prayer, and by it,. "He being dead, yet speaketh."

At the commencement of this year, the aged missionary was called to mourn over the grave of an affectionate wife, who came to her death in

1755, it was resolved, "That Richard Stevens be appointed grave-digger for the town, for the year ensuing, and to dig a grown person's grave for six shillings and three shillings for children." On the 7th of April,

1756, the town appointed the same individual for grave-digger and sexton for the town.

In 1758, Mr Standard presented the bell to the church, which still summons the parishoners every Lord's day to the house of prayer, and by it,. "He being dead, yet speaketh."

At the commencement of this year, the aged missionary was called to mourn over the grave of an affectionate wife, who came to her death in

a Sro 'Rpt. TTenrv E. Duncan's Jubilee Sermon for 1851.

b New York v.SS. from Archives at Fulbam. vol. U, 132. (Hawk's). "In 1T2S, Mr. Delpech was schoolmaster at Eastchester.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

a terrible manner, as appears from the following extract taken from the New York Post Boy, of February 6th, 1758: --

" We have the following most shocking and melancholy account from Eastchester, viz.: -- That on Friday morning the 27th of January, Mrs. Mary Standard, aged about seventy years, wife of the Rev. Dr. Thomas Standard, of this place, was found dead on the chimney-hearth of one of the apartments in the house, having her head, the chief parts of both her breasts, with her left arm and shoulder entirely burnt to cinders. It appears that the unfortunate old gentleman and his more unfortunate old lady, had, upon some necessary occasion the evening before, agreed to lay separate; and the Doctor taking his leave, went to bed, leaving his wife sitting before the fire, where, it is imagined, the poor old gentlewoman must either have been seized with a fit, or in rising from her chair, had fallen into the fire, and being undoubtedly rendered unable to move herself, she became the most moving spectacle imaginable to the most affectionate and tender husband, who first discovered her in the morning."

It appears that the unfortunate old gentleman and his more unfortunate old lady, had, upon some necessary occasion the evening before, agreed to lay separate; and the Doctor taking his leave, went to bed, leaving his wife sitting before the fire, where, it is imagined, the poor old gentlewoman must either have been seized with a fit, or in rising from her chair, had fallen into the fire, and being undoubtedly rendered unable to move herself, she became the most moving spectacle imaginable to the most affectionate and tender husband, who first discovered her in the morning."

The Rev. Thomas Standard died at Eastchester, in January, 1760, at the advanced age of nearly eighty, and was buried by the side of his wife, beneath the chancel of the old church on the green. In 18 18, their bodies were removed by order of the Vestry and interred under the communion table of the present ediffce.a

The Rev. John Milner succeeded Mr. Standard, under the auspices of the Venerable Propagation Society, and was inducted rector of the parish church of Westchester, including the several districts of Westchester, Eastchester, Yonkers and the Manor of Pelham, on the 12th of June, 1761.

The following extracts from the town records relates to the parsonage lot described in 1695, as "Lying upon the Green in Eastchester:" --

"At a public town meeting called by the justices of the town to inquire into several encroachments on lands in said town, held in Eastchester, on Monday the 30th day of August, 1762, it was agreed that these men (Jonathan Fowler, Charles Vincent, John Fowler and Joseph Drake,) should regulate the parsonage, and to take a bond of Isaac Lawrence of indemnity, to deliver up the same to the town again at his decease."6

The following extracts from the town records relates to the parsonage lot described in 1695, as "Lying upon the Green in Eastchester:" --

"At a public town meeting called by the justices of the town to inquire into several encroachments on lands in said town, held in Eastchester, on Monday the 30th day of August, 1762, it was agreed that these men (Jonathan Fowler, Charles Vincent, John Fowler and Joseph Drake,) should regulate the parsonage, and to take a bond of Isaac Lawrence of indemnity, to deliver up the same to the town again at his decease."6

It was during Mr. Milner's ministry that the foundation of the present church was laid. In a letter to the secretary of the Venerable Society, dated Westchester, 1761, he says: --

a Their remains were found in a srood state of preservation, trat crumbled to pieces on exposure to the atmosphere. Tradition says, that Mr. Standard (rave certain lands to the church on condition that the remains ol himself and wife should in- removed whenever the new edifice should he built.

b Town Records of Eastchester.

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

" The people of Eastchester have laid the foundation of a new church of stone, seventy-one feet by eighty-eight, in the room of a small decayed wooden building erected in the infancy of the settlement."

In the year 1766, Mark Christian was appointed sexton for the town, an office which he subsequently held under the trustees of the church. Upon the 1st of April, of that year, he was directed, "To take care of the Green, to see that hogs don't dig, and to dig graves, and to find a good bier."a

" The people of Eastchester have laid the foundation of a new church of stone, seventy-one feet by eighty-eight, in the room of a small decayed wooden building erected in the infancy of the settlement."

In the year 1766, Mark Christian was appointed sexton for the town, an office which he subsequently held under the trustees of the church. Upon the 1st of April, of that year, he was directed, "To take care of the Green, to see that hogs don't dig, and to dig graves, and to find a good bier."a

On the resignation of the Rev. Mr. Milner, the Rev. Dr. Seabury, afterwards Bishop of Connecticut, and the first American Bishop, was inducted rector of the parish church of Westchester and its precincts, 3d of Dec, 1766. June 25th, 1767, he writes to the secretary in these words : --

" At Eastchester, which is four miles distant, the congregation is generally larger than at Westchester. The old church in which they meet, as yet, is very cold. They have erected and just completed the roof of a large well built stone church, on which they have expended, they say, ^700 currency ; but their ability seems exhausted, and I fear I shall never see it finished. I applied last winter to his Excellency, Sir Henry Moore, for a brief in their favor, but the petition was rejected."

In 1777, he wrote to the Society: -- "With regard to my own mission, I can only say, that it is utterly ruined." Services had been suspended for some time in Eastchester, and the congregation dispersed. At this period the church was used as an hospital, and subsequently served the purpose of a court house. The following item occurs in the records of the Court of Common Pleas: --

I applied last winter to his Excellency, Sir Henry Moore, for a brief in their favor, but the petition was rejected."

In 1777, he wrote to the Society: -- "With regard to my own mission, I can only say, that it is utterly ruined." Services had been suspended for some time in Eastchester, and the congregation dispersed. At this period the church was used as an hospital, and subsequently served the purpose of a court house. The following item occurs in the records of the Court of Common Pleas: --

"At a Court of Oyer and Terminer and General Jail Delivery, held at the church at Eastchester, in and for the County of Westchester, on Tuesday, the 12th day of June, in the year of our Lord, 1787, present, the Honourable Richard Morrris, Esq., Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court of Judicature, for the State of New York, Stephen Ward, Jonathan J. Tompkins, Ebenezer S. Burling and Benjamin Stevenson, Justices of Oyer and Terminer and General Jail Delivery for the County of Westchester, &c."

St. Paul's church, Eastchester, was first incorporated on the 12th of March, 1787, in pursuance of an Act of the Legislature, entitled: --

a At a town meeting held 7th of April, 1767, "It was agreed that Dr. Wright should not be molested In his hurrying yard ou said Green in said town."-- Town Records.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

AN ACT TO ENABLE ALL THE RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS IN THE STATE, TO APPOINT TRUSTEES WHO SHALL BE A BODY CORPORATE FOR THE PURPOSE OF TAKING CARE OF THE TEMPORALITIES OF THEIR RESPECTIVE CONGREGATIONS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES THEREIN MENTIONED.

a At a town meeting held 7th of April, 1767, "It was agreed that Dr. Wright should not be molested In his hurrying yard ou said Green in said town."-- Town Records.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

AN ACT TO ENABLE ALL THE RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS IN THE STATE, TO APPOINT TRUSTEES WHO SHALL BE A BODY CORPORATE FOR THE PURPOSE OF TAKING CARE OF THE TEMPORALITIES OF THEIR RESPECTIVE CONGREGATIONS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES THEREIN MENTIONED.

Passed 6th of April, 1784.

" The preamble of this act recites the 38th article of the Constitution.

Article 1. -- Directs that not less than three or exceeding nine in number of Trustees, are to be elected, to transact all affairs relative to the temporalities of their respective churches.

Article 4. -- Whether the same consist of lands, tenements, &c, and whether the same shall have been given, granted or devised to and for their use, and they and their successors shall lawfully have, hold, use, exercise and enjoy all and singular the churches, meeting-houses, parsonages, burying places and lands thereunto belonging, with the hereditaments and appurtenances heretofore by the said church occupied or enjoyed, by whatsoever name or names, person or persons, as if the same were purchased and had, or to them given or granted, or by them or any of them used and enjoyed for the uses aforesaid, to them and their successors, to the sole and only proper use and benefit of them the said Trustees and their successors for ever, &c.

Article 4. -- Whether the same consist of lands, tenements, &c, and whether the same shall have been given, granted or devised to and for their use, and they and their successors shall lawfully have, hold, use, exercise and enjoy all and singular the churches, meeting-houses, parsonages, burying places and lands thereunto belonging, with the hereditaments and appurtenances heretofore by the said church occupied or enjoyed, by whatsoever name or names, person or persons, as if the same were purchased and had, or to them given or granted, or by them or any of them used and enjoyed for the uses aforesaid, to them and their successors, to the sole and only proper use and benefit of them the said Trustees and their successors for ever, &c.

Article 6. -- And the Trustees are also to regulate and order the renting of pews in the said churches, and the perquisites of the said church arising from the breaking of the ground in the cemetery, or church-yard, and in the churches for burying the dead, &c.a

Under this Act, the following persons were elected Trustees: " Thomas Bartow, John Wright, Isaac Ward, Elisha Shute, Lewis Guion and Philip Pell, Jun.

After this incorporation, all management of the Church and Church property at town meetings is dropped. The Church now manages her own affairs, her power and right to do so, being fully recognized by the town ; for upon the 3d of April, 1787, prior to the incorporation, it was resolved at town meeting, " To erect a school house, and to set it on the Green near where the stocks formerly stood " -- but this resolution was never carried into effect, because the Church had been incorporated, and consequently claimed the Green exclusively as her own. The very fact, too, that the old church erected since 1692, once stood upon the Green is conclusive evidence that this property is still vested in the Church.

The Church now manages her own affairs, her power and right to do so, being fully recognized by the town ; for upon the 3d of April, 1787, prior to the incorporation, it was resolved at town meeting, " To erect a school house, and to set it on the Green near where the stocks formerly stood " -- but this resolution was never carried into effect, because the Church had been incorporated, and consequently claimed the Green exclusively as her own. The very fact, too, that the old church erected since 1692, once stood upon the Green is conclusive evidence that this property is still vested in the Church. In 1790, therefore, it was ordered by the town, "To build the school house on town ground, by Charles Guion's, where it formerly stood." Again, at a town meeting in 1792, it was declared, "That the

a " The trustees were directed to make an annual report between the first of January and the llr-i of April, to the Chancellor, or one of the Justices of the Supreme Court, or any of the Judges of the Ooorl of Common Pleas, Ac." Laws of N. Y., 177s to ITS", Greenlears edilitii, vol. 1, cha|). xviii, 71.

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

"burial ground shall, and of right, ought to belong to the Church." After the election of the Trustees, too, the sexton was always appointed by the Church.

On the ioth of December, 1787, an agreement was entered into between a majority of the Trustees of the Episcopal Church in Eastchester, of the one part, and William Heskins, carpenter, of the other part, wherein the latter agreed " To erect and build a pulpit, reading desk, and clerk's seat in the said church, according to the dimensions in the plan by him exhibited to the said Trustees, and the form of the pulpit in the church at Yonkers, &c."

On the ioth of December, 1787, an agreement was entered into between a majority of the Trustees of the Episcopal Church in Eastchester, of the one part, and William Heskins, carpenter, of the other part, wherein the latter agreed " To erect and build a pulpit, reading desk, and clerk's seat in the said church, according to the dimensions in the plan by him exhibited to the said Trustees, and the form of the pulpit in the church at Yonkers, &c."

The Trustees not only anxious to finish the church, but to obtain the services of a suitable minister, addressed the following letter to the Rev. Mr. Moore, afterwards Bishop of the Diocese : --

TO THE REV. BENJAMIN MOORE.

Eastchestek, 15th Dec, 1787-

Rev. Sir,

" We have this clay disposed of the pew ground in our church in a manner that promises success to our religious endeavors. We have also a prospect of completing our church in a respectable manner, and New Rochelle will join us in engaging a gentleman of the profession of the gospel .to officiate in the two places. From a reliance on your pious wishes to promote the Christian Religion, we beg leave that whenever a gentleman of character, ami qualified, in your opinion, for our purpose, may come to your knowledge, and whose condition may be adapted to our situation, that you'll please to signify the same to us.

We arc, Rev. Sir, with much respect,

Your humble servants,

The Trustees."

In 1789, the Trustees appointed Marcus Christian for one year, bellringer of the church, for which service he was allowed $4 per annum.11

From a reliance on your pious wishes to promote the Christian Religion, we beg leave that whenever a gentleman of character, ami qualified, in your opinion, for our purpose, may come to your knowledge, and whose condition may be adapted to our situation, that you'll please to signify the same to us.

We arc, Rev. Sir, with much respect,

Your humble servants,

The Trustees."

In 1789, the Trustees appointed Marcus Christian for one year, bellringer of the church, for which service he was allowed $4 per annum.11

The following year, the inhabitants of Eastchester appear to have associated themselves in the ministry, with the parish of Yonkers; for, "at a meeting of the Trustees, March 20th, 1790, Mr. Pell, one of the Trustees, produced a letter directed to the Right Rev. Samuel Provoost, D. D., Bishop of the State of New York, requesting the favor of his visiting

a At a meeting of the Vestry on the 7th of .May, 1781, " Marcus Christian, the sexton to the church in Eastchester, was sent for and examined respecting the bell's being rung <m Saturday, the 30th of April, on the family of James Bogart's moving out of this place ; whioh charge he denied, and, in his examination, said he was lame in bed, and was not at the church ihat day. He was further examined on his former conduct, on his selling licure in the belfrie of the church, on a training day, which h" acknowledged. Whereupon they did agree he was Dot worthy to keep the keys of the church, or to be employed as sexton ; upon which he delivered the key and was dismissed the service."

a At a meeting of the Vestry on the 7th of .May, 1781, " Marcus Christian, the sexton to the church in Eastchester, was sent for and examined respecting the bell's being rung <m Saturday, the 30th of April, on the family of James Bogart's moving out of this place ; whioh charge he denied, and, in his examination, said he was lame in bed, and was not at the church ihat day. He was further examined on his former conduct, on his selling licure in the belfrie of the church, on a training day, which h" acknowledged. Whereupon they did agree he was Dot worthy to keep the keys of the church, or to be employed as sexton ; upon which he delivered the key and was dismissed the service."

In 1791 James Pell was elected sexton and bell ringer. He was succeeded by Benjamin Bartow in 1794.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

the church in Eastchester next month, in order to ordain the Rev. Mr. Cooper, a priest for this and Yonkers church." On this occasion, William Crawford was requested to render an account of the rent due the church from him, for the glebe.

In 1792, we find the town defining the boundaries necessary for the church, for a yard and burial ground ; accommodating the remainder, of what was called the Church Green, (the site of the old church, and burial place of one of its ministers) to public occasions, and appointing trustees to carry the same into execution, notwithstanding the church had been in possession exclusively for nearly one hundred years.

Cooper, a priest for this and Yonkers church." On this occasion, William Crawford was requested to render an account of the rent due the church from him, for the glebe.

In 1792, we find the town defining the boundaries necessary for the church, for a yard and burial ground ; accommodating the remainder, of what was called the Church Green, (the site of the old church, and burial place of one of its ministers) to public occasions, and appointing trustees to carry the same into execution, notwithstanding the church had been in possession exclusively for nearly one hundred years.

" At a town meeting held in Eastchester, 3d of April, 1792, it was agreed as follows: -- and it is also agreed by vote at this town meeting, that there shall be three trustees chosen, who shall have power, and are hereby authorized to affix and ascertain, in conjunction with the trustees of the Episcopal Church of the town of Eastchester, the quantity and boundaries of the land necessary for said church and burying ground ; and such boundaries when so fixed and determined on shall be declared in a certificate by the said trustees of the town, which is now to be chosen, under their hands and seals, and delivered to the Trustees of said Church, which certificate shall forever hereafter operate as a bar to any claim of this town to the lands within the said described boundaries. Power was also given to the trustees to lease out any of the public lands and tenements to the best advantage. The meeting proceeded to uonuuate and choose three men as trustees of said town, viz : Nehemiah Marshall, Benjamin Morgan, and James Morgan.

" At a town meeting held in Eastchester, 3d of April, 1792, it was agreed as follows: -- and it is also agreed by vote at this town meeting, that there shall be three trustees chosen, who shall have power, and are hereby authorized to affix and ascertain, in conjunction with the trustees of the Episcopal Church of the town of Eastchester, the quantity and boundaries of the land necessary for said church and burying ground ; and such boundaries when so fixed and determined on shall be declared in a certificate by the said trustees of the town, which is now to be chosen, under their hands and seals, and delivered to the Trustees of said Church, which certificate shall forever hereafter operate as a bar to any claim of this town to the lands within the said described boundaries. Power was also given to the trustees to lease out any of the public lands and tenements to the best advantage. The meeting proceeded to uonuuate and choose three men as trustees of said town, viz : Nehemiah Marshall, Benjamin Morgan, and James Morgan.

The following certificate appears in the town books immediately after the above resolution : --

Whereas, we the subscribers, by a vote and order of the town meeting of the inhabitants of the town of Eastchester, in the County of Westchester, held in said town on the 3d day of April, 1792, were authorized and empowered to affix and ascertain, in conjunction with the Trustees of the Episcopal Church in East- Chester aforesaid, the boundaries and quantity of land necessary and convenient for said church, and for a burial place adjacent to the same.

Whereas, we the subscribers, by a vote and order of the town meeting of the inhabitants of the town of Eastchester, in the County of Westchester, held in said town on the 3d day of April, 1792, were authorized and empowered to affix and ascertain, in conjunction with the Trustees of the Episcopal Church in East- Chester aforesaid, the boundaries and quantity of land necessary and convenient for said church, and for a burial place adjacent to the same.

And wliereas, we, the said subscribers, having on the day of the date hereof, met with a majority of the trustees of said church, and having proceeded to view the premises, and in order to furnish the said church with sufficiency of ground for a yard and burial ground, and also to accommodate the remainder of what is called the Green, to public occasion, Do, in pursuance of the trust reposed in us by the vote or order above mentioned, hereby certify, that the said trustees of the church aforesaid shall, and of right ought to possess the ground comprehended within the limits following, for the use and purposes aforesaid, that is to say : -- Beginning at the distance of 34£ feet directly north-east, from the north-east corner of said church, from thence extending in a straight line westerly, observing the distance of 28 feet from the front of said church, until it comes to the edge of the bank between the upland and salt marsh, thence southerly by the said

And wliereas, we, the said subscribers, having on the day of the date hereof, met with a majority of the trustees of said church, and having proceeded to view the premises, and in order to furnish the said church with sufficiency of ground for a yard and burial ground, and also to accommodate the remainder of what is called the Green, to public occasion, Do, in pursuance of the trust reposed in us by the vote or order above mentioned, hereby certify, that the said trustees of the church aforesaid shall, and of right ought to possess the ground comprehended within the limits following, for the use and purposes aforesaid, that is to say : -- Beginning at the distance of 34£ feet directly north-east, from the north-east corner of said church, from thence extending in a straight line westerly, observing the distance of 28 feet from the front of said church, until it comes to the edge of the bank between the upland and salt marsh, thence southerly by the said

To face page IBS, vol. L

PEDIGREE OK MORGAN, OF EASTCHESTER

Charles Morgan, Of Flushing .Elizabeth

.lames, <>f Kasiche*! or, .Abigail

Charles .Susannah Union

Elijah .Levina Benjamin. 1. Miriam Ward Caleb .Phoebe

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Mary ..Gilbert Valentine Abigail _Da\ld Iliistaco Anne_E. Trcdwell Susannah _Thos. Drake Eustatla_Jno. Garrett Phoebe _Ellsha Shutc Charles _ Jane Oulon

ClmilcH-M. A. Ferka Eliza Ann _J. Barton Ablgutl _ John Drake Phiebe^J. I.c Count Susan _Moscs Drake Sarah ^J. Wood Hannah _Moses Hunt Mary_.Ino. Darker

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diaries J. M. J. Thorno Mary A. ..Thompson Plnckney Pita V. _8arah Bush Abl'jah o_Mary Bush Abigail J. _(). F. Callendcr nester_Isaiali Washburn Margaret A. _A. M. Dcdercr James L._Elizabctb B. nalsey

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To race page 239, vol. i.

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THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

bank and marsh, until it comes to the fence by the salt meadows, at a monument stone ; from thence easterly along said fence, until a line be drawn parallel from the first mentioned boundaries, at the distance of 20 feet from the east side of said church will touch the said fence, and along that line to the first mentioned bounds. Nevertheless, always reserving to the proprietors of salt meadow, adjoining said land, and those who have meadows southerly of said laud, their usual right of way in going to and coming from said meadows with their hay, through the land above described.

Witness our hands and seals, the 28th day of April, 1792.

Ben. Morgan, [l. b.]

bank and marsh, until it comes to the fence by the salt meadows, at a monument stone ; from thence easterly along said fence, until a line be drawn parallel from the first mentioned boundaries, at the distance of 20 feet from the east side of said church will touch the said fence, and along that line to the first mentioned bounds. Nevertheless, always reserving to the proprietors of salt meadow, adjoining said land, and those who have meadows southerly of said laud, their usual right of way in going to and coming from said meadows with their hay, through the land above described.

Witness our hands and seals, the 28th day of April, 1792.

Ben. Morgan, [l. b.]

James Morgan, £l. s.]

Nehemiaii Marshall, [l. s.] Witnesses, William Crawford, Dorcas Crawford."0

Now, although the origin of the first church edifice in the town of Eastchester is clearly traceable to the action of the town, yet it is very evident that it was first commenced in 1692-3, by a tax levied on Churchmen and Dissenters, promiscuously, according to their real estate, and not finished until the act of 1699 was passed, which provided, that " The trustees of each town were to make a yearly rate for building a church where wanting." According to the principles of common law, at this period, meeting houses erected by public tax belonged to the Church established by laiv. Hence, we find Mr. Bartow and his successors after their establishment and induction, by the then Governors, claiming the chapel or meeting house at Eastchester as their own, and not only so, but keeping the Dissenters out of it. The parsonage or glebe with all its rights and appurtenances was likewise voted for public purposes, and belonged to the rector ex-ofhcio ; for, say the rules of common law, concerning glebes, " Every church of common right is entitled to house and glebe," and " After induction the freehold of the glebe is in the parson." Whilst the wardens and vestrymen, who were the choice of the people, elected the rector and provided for his support, the ratepayers appear to have regulated the burial ground, voted repairs to the church when necessary, and appointed the sexton, as was done in many other parishes.

The parsonage or glebe with all its rights and appurtenances was likewise voted for public purposes, and belonged to the rector ex-ofhcio ; for, say the rules of common law, concerning glebes, " Every church of common right is entitled to house and glebe," and " After induction the freehold of the glebe is in the parson." Whilst the wardens and vestrymen, who were the choice of the people, elected the rector and provided for his support, the ratepayers appear to have regulated the burial ground, voted repairs to the church when necessary, and appointed the sexton, as was done in many other parishes. This was the state of things prior to the Revolution. After peace was established and New York was finally organized as a State, an act was passed in 1784 for the incorporation of religious societies; and under this act, we have seen, the church at Eastchester was incorporated. Now this act conferred on trustees the right, " Lawfully, to have, hold, use, exercise and enjoy all and singular the churches, meeting houses, parsonages, burying places and lands, thereunto belonging, with

a Town Records. " In 1S08, the town granted one hundred dollars to be laid ont in fencing the burial ground of the church of Eastchester, and supervisors and overseers were directed to see it expended." " At the same time a vote was taken to alter the right of way through the burial ground to the verge thereof, aud that of the salt meadows belonging to the town."

Now this act conferred on trustees the right, " Lawfully, to have, hold, use, exercise and enjoy all and singular the churches, meeting houses, parsonages, burying places and lands, thereunto belonging, with

a Town Records. " In 1S08, the town granted one hundred dollars to be laid ont in fencing the burial ground of the church of Eastchester, and supervisors and overseers were directed to see it expended." " At the same time a vote was taken to alter the right of way through the burial ground to the verge thereof, aud that of the salt meadows belonging to the town."

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

the hereditaments and appurtenances heretofore by the said church occupied or enjoyed, &c." Whatever rights, therefore, the Church possessed prior to the Revolution, were still continued to her by the act of 1784.

Subsequently, however, to the joint action of the trustees "The church appointed three persons to enclose the land set off to the church by the town," as appears from the following resolutions : --

" At a meeting of the trustees held at the house of Win. Crawford, on the 12th of March, 1793, it was resolved as follows: -- Resolved, that Messrs. Steven Ward, Lancaster Underhill and Abraham Valentine, be, and they are hereby authorized and empowered to inclose the land belonging to the church in Eastchester, as laid out and ascertained by trustees chosen on the part of the town of Eastchester, and the trustees of the church, by a board fence on the whole front or north side thereof, composed of one board at the bottom and shtted above, and that the same be of the height of four feet and a half ; and the other parts of said laud to be inclosed by a post and rail fence, or such board fence as aforesaid, and that the said persons complete the same as conveniently as may be, <fcc."

Steven Ward, Lancaster Underhill and Abraham Valentine, be, and they are hereby authorized and empowered to inclose the land belonging to the church in Eastchester, as laid out and ascertained by trustees chosen on the part of the town of Eastchester, and the trustees of the church, by a board fence on the whole front or north side thereof, composed of one board at the bottom and shtted above, and that the same be of the height of four feet and a half ; and the other parts of said laud to be inclosed by a post and rail fence, or such board fence as aforesaid, and that the said persons complete the same as conveniently as may be, <fcc."

" Re.so'ved further, that the above mentioned persons take and receive the profits thereof by plowing for two seasons, any of the said lands, except that within the compass of the burial place, and after that to take the grass crowing out of the said land by pasturing and mowing the same, and render an account yearly to the said trustees of such profits, until a full compensation has been made by the use thereof for their trouble and expense in fencing the said land,0

The presumption is, that the trustees of the church supposing their title to the ground in question, invalidated either by the reorganization of the church in 1787, or of the town in 1788, or perhaps of both, acted as the recipient of the same from the town, and wisely asserted no claim. It is certain that her action in 1792, did not weaken the title she possessed in any land rightfully belonging to her; whilst the effect of the certificate, as declared in the resolution of the town before quoted, was to be forever a bar to any claim on the part of the town to the lands set off.b

The presumption is, that the trustees of the church supposing their title to the ground in question, invalidated either by the reorganization of the church in 1787, or of the town in 1788, or perhaps of both, acted as the recipient of the same from the town, and wisely asserted no claim. It is certain that her action in 1792, did not weaken the title she possessed in any land rightfully belonging to her; whilst the effect of the certificate, as declared in the resolution of the town before quoted, was to be forever a bar to any claim on the part of the town to the lands set off.b

This church was again incorporated on the 4th of October, 1795, by the style and title of " St Paul's Church in the Town of Eastchester,"0 in pursuance of an Act passed for the relief of the Protestant Episcopal Church, on the 17th of March, previous. Upon this occasion, William Popham and Lancaster Underhill were elected church-wardens ; Philip Pell, Lewis Guion, Isaac Ward, John Reed, Isaac Guion, Abraham Valentine, William Pinckney and William Crawford, vestrymen.

a Church Records, commencing A.D. 1787.

b See Report to the trustees of the town of Eastchester as to the title to the burying ground attached i" St. Paul's church at Kartell sicr, In Keussalaer Ten Broecfc, N. V. L8B> c County Rec Religious Soc. Lib. A. 10, 11, UL

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

In 1798, the connection between this parish and Yonkers was dissolved," and an association formed with Westchester in order to procure a minister. Upon the 9th of March, 1799, Mr. Isaac Wilkins, then in deacon's orders, was called to officiate as minister of the united parishes of West and Eastchester.

Paul's church at Kartell sicr, In Keussalaer Ten Broecfc, N. V. L8B> c County Rec Religious Soc. Lib. A. 10, 11, UL

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

In 1798, the connection between this parish and Yonkers was dissolved," and an association formed with Westchester in order to procure a minister. Upon the 9th of March, 1799, Mr. Isaac Wilkins, then in deacon's orders, was called to officiate as minister of the united parishes of West and Eastchester.

In 1 80 1 the Vestry addressed the following letter to the Rector, Wardens and Vestrymen of Trinity Church, New York : --

TO THE RT. REV. RECTOR AND THE WARDENS AND VESTRY- MEN OF THE CORPORATION OF TRINITY CHURCH IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK.

"The wardens and vestrymen of St. Paul's church at Eastchester, in the County of Westchester, from a firm belief of the disposition of the corporation of the Trinity Church to aid and assist their sister Churches in every undertaking or design for encouraging and advancing the interest and increase of their respective congregations ; and also from the consideration of their having heretofore extended their liberality to other Churches whose circumstances were uot more needy, are induced to make the following Representation of the situation of the said Church, viz : that it was built some few years before the Revolution, but left unfinished. That by the depredations commonly attendant thereon, it was greatly injured, the wooden part of it being taken away, whereby the walls were exposed and so much impaired, that shortly after the retnrn of peace, the little remaining part of the former congregation exerted their best, the war having enfeebled their abilities, to put the church in some sort of order for public worship, and engaged a minister, and in conjunction with Westchester do still retain one who promises by his talents as a teacher, with an exemplary conduct, to promote the cause of religion and enlarge the congregation, &c."

That by the depredations commonly attendant thereon, it was greatly injured, the wooden part of it being taken away, whereby the walls were exposed and so much impaired, that shortly after the retnrn of peace, the little remaining part of the former congregation exerted their best, the war having enfeebled their abilities, to put the church in some sort of order for public worship, and engaged a minister, and in conjunction with Westchester do still retain one who promises by his talents as a teacher, with an exemplary conduct, to promote the cause of religion and enlarge the congregation, &c."

In April, 181 7, the Rev. Ravaud Kearny, A. M., succeeded Mr. Wilkins as minister of this parish. He was the son of Philip Kearny, whose grandfather, Michael Kearny, emigrated from Ireland to this country in 1706. He was born at Newark, N. J., 22d of August, 1791, entered Columbia College in 1808, and graduated Bachelor and Master of Arts in 181 2. In 1816 he was ordained deacon, and the year following Priest, by the Right Rev. John H. Hobart, and soon afterwards commenced his labors here. In 182 1, he relinquished the rectorship of this parish, and confined himself to the Church at New Rochelle, to which benefice he was called in 18 19. Sometime in 1822, he resigned the charge of the latter, and accepted a call to St. Mary's Parish, Maryland, from whence he removed to St. John's church, Canandaigua, West New York, and in 1828 took charge of St. Paul's church, Red Hook, Dutchess County, of which he remained rector until the day

In 182 1, he relinquished the rectorship of this parish, and confined himself to the Church at New Rochelle, to which benefice he was called in 18 19. Sometime in 1822, he resigned the charge of the latter, and accepted a call to St. Mary's Parish, Maryland, from whence he removed to St. John's church, Canandaigua, West New York, and in 1828 took charge of St. Paul's church, Red Hook, Dutchess County, of which he remained rector until the day

a Mr. Cooper's farewell sermon was delivered in St. Paul's church, June 16, 1T9S, from 2 Cor. xiii : 11. In the course of it he alludes to nine years of service at Eastchester.

242 • HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

of his death. He died 8th of May, 1844. His remains were brought to New York, and interred in the family vault at St. Mark's church in the Bowery.

Upon the resignation of Mr. Kearny, the Rev. Lewis Pintard Bayard, from the Diocese of New Jersey, was elected rector of the parish. He continued faithfully to discharge the duties of his office both here and in New Rochelle, until the 14th of October, 1826, when he was succeeded by the Rev. Lawson Carter, for whose successors see list of rectors.

The first delegates from this parish to the Diocesan Convention, in 1787, were Philip Pell, Sen., and Thomas Bartow.

We have previously shown that the present church edifice was erected in 1765, by the inhabitants of this town. Situated in a pleasant valley, bordering on the Aqueanouncke, it presents from the neighboring hills a very picturesque appearance. The building is remarkable for the solid character of its masonry, the angles of the edifice being ornamented with rustic quoins, the windows and doors also having rustics. A vestry and school room have just been built, opening into the east end of the church.

We have previously shown that the present church edifice was erected in 1765, by the inhabitants of this town. Situated in a pleasant valley, bordering on the Aqueanouncke, it presents from the neighboring hills a very picturesque appearance. The building is remarkable for the solid character of its masonry, the angles of the edifice being ornamented with rustic quoins, the windows and doors also having rustics. A vestry and school room have just been built, opening into the east end of the church. On the west end is a neat, square tower of three stages, with narrow lights, terminating in an octangular lantern, containing a bell which bears the following inscription: -- "The Gift of the Rev. T/iomas Standard, 1758. Lester 6* Pack, fecit."*

Immediately above the tower door are inscribed the initials of the principal benefactors, viz. : -- P. R. P. -- P. P. -- D. V. -- also a tablet of red sand-stone, bearing the date of erection, 1765. The whole edifice has recently undergone considerable repairs ; a new chancel arrangement made, the walls painted in frescoe, and the church newly seated. It deserves to be mentioned that the pulpit and reading desk were originally placed between the two south windows. Beneath the chancel repose the remains of the Rev. Thomas Standard, former rector of the parish, and Mary, his wife. In the gallery is a fine toned organ, presented by George Rapalye, Esq., in 1833, at a cost of $800. The chandalier and sheds were also his gift.

The whole edifice has recently undergone considerable repairs ; a new chancel arrangement made, the walls painted in frescoe, and the church newly seated. It deserves to be mentioned that the pulpit and reading desk were originally placed between the two south windows. Beneath the chancel repose the remains of the Rev. Thomas Standard, former rector of the parish, and Mary, his wife. In the gallery is a fine toned organ, presented by George Rapalye, Esq., in 1833, at a cost of $800. The chandalier and sheds were also his gift.

The communion silver consists of a flaggon, four chalices and jjaten. The former bears the following inscription : -- " To St. Paul's Church, Eastchester, IV. Y. In memory of Mrs. Mary Grigg,b obi. Jan. 2d, 1844, s£ 71 years"

a During the Revolutionary War, the bell and praver hook formerly used by the Missionaries of the Yen. Prop. Soc, were burried for safe keeping on the farm known as the old Kosa place, and now owned by E. C. Halsey, Esq.

b This lady was the daughter of Joshua Pell, Esq., grandson of Thomas Pell, second Lord of the Manor of Pelham.

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

The chalices are inscribed as follows: -- ist. " The gift of Frederick Van Cortlandt, St. Paul's Chtirch, Eastc luster, A. D. 1829." 2d and 3d, marked " A. S."a 4th, " St. Paul's Church, Eastchester, N. K, from Mrs. John Quincy Adams, 1829." This chalice is not only rendered valuable by the distinguished lady who gave it, but by the melancholy story associated therewith. b

b This lady was the daughter of Joshua Pell, Esq., grandson of Thomas Pell, second Lord of the Manor of Pelham.

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

The chalices are inscribed as follows: -- ist. " The gift of Frederick Van Cortlandt, St. Paul's Chtirch, Eastc luster, A. D. 1829." 2d and 3d, marked " A. S."a 4th, " St. Paul's Church, Eastchester, N. K, from Mrs. John Quincy Adams, 1829." This chalice is not only rendered valuable by the distinguished lady who gave it, but by the melancholy story associated therewith. b

In the old church book, occurs the following memorandum: -- "'To cash paid the Rev. Mr. Cooper, to buy a communion cup, jQi 15J id, March iSth, 1793." Upon the Church Green, between the ancient locust trees and burial ground, formerly stood the old church, built by the town in 1692. This edifice, constructed of wood, was destroyed by fire at an early period of the Revolutionary War.

The church yard which lies on the south and west side of the church, is one of the most extensive in the country.

TOMB-STONES.

M. V. D. I. P. D. NOVE I D I D

FEB THE MBER THE FOVRT N. 20

14. ETH. DAY. 1724. 1714

M. O. D. Ye 27. 1726-- A. A. AV. Ye 1730-- JOSEPH. DRAKE. DESESED. MARCH. THE. 1G. DAY. 1731. IN. THE. 70-I-. YEAR. OF. niS. AGE,-- HERE. LS. THE. BODY. OF. THOMAS. PINCKNEY. DIED. YE. 1. 1732. EG. 71-- HERE. LAYS. THE. BODY. OF. CAP. WILL. PINCKNEY. DECESED. 11. DAY. OF. MARCH. 1755. AG'D. ABOUT. 75. YEARS -- I. O. D. FEB. 1746--0. H. IIOBRED. DECES. ID. Ye YEAR. 1755--. I 0. DE. JULY. Ye 25. 175-- HERE LYETH THE BODY OF WILLIAM CRAWFORD: WHO DEPARTED: THIS: LIFE THE 11. DAY: OF NOVEMBER: IN: THE: 51: YEAR: OF: HIS: AGE: 1747-- E.

LS. THE. BODY. OF. THOMAS. PINCKNEY. DIED. YE. 1. 1732. EG. 71-- HERE. LAYS. THE. BODY. OF. CAP. WILL. PINCKNEY. DECESED. 11. DAY. OF. MARCH. 1755. AG'D. ABOUT. 75. YEARS -- I. O. D. FEB. 1746--0. H. IIOBRED. DECES. ID. Ye YEAR. 1755--. I 0. DE. JULY. Ye 25. 175-- HERE LYETH THE BODY OF WILLIAM CRAWFORD: WHO DEPARTED: THIS: LIFE THE 11. DAY: OF NOVEMBER: IN: THE: 51: YEAR: OF: HIS: AGE: 1747-- E. W. O. NOVEMBER-- M. A *C. JAN. 25. 1764-F. O. DEC. 12-- MAJOR SAMUEL PELL, OB. 29. DECR. 1786, IN THE 32nd YEAR OF HIS AGE. THUS AFTER RETURNING VICTORIOUS, FROM THE FIELD OF MARS, HE CHEERFULLY OBEYS THE SUMMONS OF ETERNITY FROM WHENCE THERE IS NO RETURN.

a Ann, daughter of James Smith, Esq., whose brother, Col. William Smith, married a daughter of President Adams, ami resided on the Koss place in this town.

6 'i'he son of this lady being washed overboard from a vessel in the Sound, was found by one of the church wardens, and brought to this church for interment.

244 • HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

On a small marble oblisk is the following :

Sacred to the memory of the REV. AUGUSTINE P. PREVOST, only son of the late Mrs. L. C. Palmer, who departed this life on the 15th of November, 1843, in the 37th year of his age, and the 8th of his ministry, 7 years of which he was Rector of St. John's Church, Canandaigua, N. Y.

6 'i'he son of this lady being washed overboard from a vessel in the Sound, was found by one of the church wardens, and brought to this church for interment.

244 • HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

On a small marble oblisk is the following :

Sacred to the memory of the REV. AUGUSTINE P. PREVOST, only son of the late Mrs. L. C. Palmer, who departed this life on the 15th of November, 1843, in the 37th year of his age, and the 8th of his ministry, 7 years of which he was Rector of St. John's Church, Canandaigua, N. Y.

Rest from thy labors, blessed spirit rest ; Tho' early called, God's ways are always best, Nor need this feeble, partial pen declare What was thy need, or what thy labors were. The poor, the desolate, the bad reclaimed Are mouths for thee, who never wert ashamed To own thy Master's cause before the great, Nor heeded frowns while laying bare their state ; A weeping flock, children mourn the loss Of their lov'd Pastor. Steadfast on the Cross He kept their gaze -- "Watch," was his latest cry,

" Neither is he that plartteth anything, neither he that tratereth. But God that giveth the increase." -- 1st Cor. 3d chap., 7th verse.

RECTORES DE EASTCHESTER.

TEMP. INST. RECTORES. VAOAT. PATR02TS.

19 Nov. 1702, Rev. John Bartow, CI. A. M. pr. mort. War. and Ves.

8 July 1727, Rev. Thos. Standard, CI. A. M. " " 12 June 1761, Rev. John Milner, CI. A. M. pr. resig., "

Steadfast on the Cross He kept their gaze -- "Watch," was his latest cry,

" Neither is he that plartteth anything, neither he that tratereth. But God that giveth the increase." -- 1st Cor. 3d chap., 7th verse.

RECTORES DE EASTCHESTER.

TEMP. INST. RECTORES. VAOAT. PATR02TS.

19 Nov. 1702, Rev. John Bartow, CI. A. M. pr. mort. War. and Ves.

8 July 1727, Rev. Thos. Standard, CI. A. M. " " 12 June 1761, Rev. John Milner, CI. A. M. pr. resig., "

3 Dec. 1766, Rev. Sam. Seabury, CI. A. M. " 3 Mar. 1799, Rev. Isaac Wilkins, Presb. D.D. pr. mort, Apr. 1817. Rev. Ravaud Kearny, Presb. A. M. pr. resig. " 1821, Rev. Lewis P. Bayard, " 14 Oct. 1826, Rev. Lawsou Carter, Presb. "

9 Aug. 1836, Rev. John Grigg, Presb. "

25 July 1837, Rev. Robert Bolton, Presb. " "

1 Apr. 1846, Rev. Edwin Ilarwood, Presb. 22 Aug. 1847, Rev. Henry E. Duncan, Presb. " "

1 Feb. 1852, Rev. William S. Coffey, Presb., present incumbent. '

The Methodist Episcopal Church in the village of Eastchester was first organized in 1836, and incorporated the same year by the name and title of " The Methodist Episcopal Church in the town of Eastchester." Thomas Griffin, Peter Bertine, Josiah Sickles, Nicholas Duff, and Gilbert Underbill, trustees. The church was erected in 1837, and a small parsonage has been added since.

RECTORY OF ST. PAUL'S CHURCH, EAST CHESTER

ST. PAUL'S CHURCH, EAST CHESTER.

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

The Methodist Episcopal Church in the village of Eastchester was first organized in 1836, and incorporated the same year by the name and title of " The Methodist Episcopal Church in the town of Eastchester." Thomas Griffin, Peter Bertine, Josiah Sickles, Nicholas Duff, and Gilbert Underbill, trustees. The church was erected in 1837, and a small parsonage has been added since.

RECTORY OF ST. PAUL'S CHURCH, EAST CHESTER

ST. PAUL'S CHURCH, EAST CHESTER.

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

This portion of Westchester County seems to have suffered severely during the War of the Revolution, and was constantly the scene of marches, points of defence, and skirmishes. Here, also, the lawless "skinner" and "cow-boy " practised their black deeds of rapine unmolested.

In October, 1776, a skirmish took place in this town between the patriots, on their route from King's Bridge to Westchester, and the enemy, under Lord Howe. For some time the Connecticut troops were billeted in the village. Here Gilbert Vincent, Jr., who, like his father, was the blacksmith of the town, was shot by order of a French officer belonging to Col. Armaud's cavalry of the French Legion for refusing to shoe his horse on the Lord's Day, in consequence of which Elijah, his brother, joined the British army, took a lieutenant's commission, and throughout this whole region became a terror to all who opposed the Crown. On the 3d October, 1779, "Lieutenant Gill of the American Dragoons, patrolling in Eastchester, found a superior force in his rear, and had no alternative but to surrender or cut his way through them ; he chose the latter, and forced his way, when he found a body of infantry still behind the horse. These he also charged, and on his passing them his horse was wounded, and threw him, when he fell into the enemy's hands.

On the 3d October, 1779, "Lieutenant Gill of the American Dragoons, patrolling in Eastchester, found a superior force in his rear, and had no alternative but to surrender or cut his way through them ; he chose the latter, and forced his way, when he found a body of infantry still behind the horse. These he also charged, and on his passing them his horse was wounded, and threw him, when he fell into the enemy's hands. Two of the lieutenant's party -- which consisted of twenty-four -- were killed, and one taken prisoner; the rest escaped safe to their regiments.""

In the vicinity of the village a detachment under the command of Gen. Parsons, fitted out in sleighs, (returning from an enterprise against the enemy at Morrisania), were overtaken and almost entirely cut to pieces by a party of British light horse.6

The small stream which waters the western part of the village of Eastchester was formerly known as Rattlesnake Brook. An early town order requires the inhabitants to meet together one day in the Spring for the destruction of this dangerous reptile. As late as 1775 one of them was killed near the brook, measuring some six feet. Feb. 1st, 1696-7, John Pell, Sen., had the privilege of erecting a mill on this brook. In 1721 Nathaniel Tompkins was permitted by the town to erect a fish-weir on Rattlesnake Creek, " to ye advantage of himself to catch ye fish that swimmeth therein, for ye space of ten years from this date, providing he put it up at once.""

As late as 1775 one of them was killed near the brook, measuring some six feet. Feb. 1st, 1696-7, John Pell, Sen., had the privilege of erecting a mill on this brook. In 1721 Nathaniel Tompkins was permitted by the town to erect a fish-weir on Rattlesnake Creek, " to ye advantage of himself to catch ye fish that swimmeth therein, for ye space of ten years from this date, providing he put it up at once.""

Near the mouth of the brook, on "Mill Lane," is situated the tide

a Heath's Mi •moires, 21S. b HiikIi Caines' Gazette.

• Town liecord. It appears from the Town Record, that as early as 1703 there existed a mill covenant between the town and Col. Caleb Heathcote. Town Record, vol. is, p. 54.

246 ' HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

mill of the late Robert Reid, Esq. This gentleman was the son of John Reid, who was born at Ualmellington, Ayreshire, Scotland, in 1752, and bought land of John Bartow. His grandfather, Robert Reid, was of Ayreshire, Scotland, and descended from the Reids of Loch Hannoch, of the Clan Chatu, settled at Craig-on-Hill, Ayrshire, 1644. Robert Reid's mother was Mary Bartow. He had five maiden sisters ; one of whom, Phoebe, still survives and occupies the property which they have held for nearly a century. The Reid cottage occupies an extensive view of the winding creek and the high grounds of Pelham. The adjoining property formed a portion of the ancient planting grounds of Eastchester.

His grandfather, Robert Reid, was of Ayreshire, Scotland, and descended from the Reids of Loch Hannoch, of the Clan Chatu, settled at Craig-on-Hill, Ayrshire, 1644. Robert Reid's mother was Mary Bartow. He had five maiden sisters ; one of whom, Phoebe, still survives and occupies the property which they have held for nearly a century. The Reid cottage occupies an extensive view of the winding creek and the high grounds of Pelham. The adjoining property formed a portion of the ancient planting grounds of Eastchester.

Further to the south-west lies Black Dog Brook, sometimes called Hutchinson's Brook, so mysteriously connected with the fate of the celebrated Ann Hutchinson. This stream constitutes a portion of the southern boundary between the towns of East and West Chester ; it discharges into the Aqueanouncke, or Hutchinson's Creek.

Upon the Western shore of Hutchinson's Creek is located the village landing already alluded to. In mis stream a British vessel of war was captured during the Revolution by a party of whale-boat men.

In the south-west corner of Eastchester lies the estate of the late George Faile, Esq., (at present occupied by his daughter, Mrs. Thomas H. Rutherford), formerly the property of Fleetwood Marsh, Esq., a native of Dutchel, Buckinghamshire, England, for many years a freeholder in this town. The situation of the estate is very fine, commanding all the various undulations of a hilly district. The house, seated upon rising ground, overlooks the valley to the south-east, Eastchester Creek, and the distant waters of the Sound.

In the south-west corner of Eastchester lies the estate of the late George Faile, Esq., (at present occupied by his daughter, Mrs. Thomas H. Rutherford), formerly the property of Fleetwood Marsh, Esq., a native of Dutchel, Buckinghamshire, England, for many years a freeholder in this town. The situation of the estate is very fine, commanding all the various undulations of a hilly district. The house, seated upon rising ground, overlooks the valley to the south-east, Eastchester Creek, and the distant waters of the Sound.

The adjoining property on the west belonged to the late Robert Givans, Esq. The mansion is surrounded by extensive plantations and ample woodlands. The latter affords a favorite rendezvous, or headquarters, for vast flocks of crows, which receive every protection from their generous benefactors. The noise created by them in their evening assemblage and re-ascension in the morning, is incredible -- causing the wood to re-echo with a thousand reverberations.

In the immediate neighborhood are the properties of the late Judge Effingham, C. Schieft'elin and Col. C. M. Schieffelin, late member of the Assembly. The former was once owned by Capt. Solomon Fowler, of De Lancy's Refugee Corps, who was killed at Horse Neck during the Revolutionary War. It was afterwards confiscated. Col. Schieffelin's residence occupies the summit of a high ridge, overlooking the valley of Eastchester on the east.

To face page 247, vol. I.

PEDIGREE OF LAWRENCE, OF EASTCHESTER.

Arms:-- Ar. a cross, raguly, gu. Crest:-- A dcmi turbot, tail upwards. Motto:-- Qwero, Intenio.

Schieffelin, late member of the Assembly. The former was once owned by Capt. Solomon Fowler, of De Lancy's Refugee Corps, who was killed at Horse Neck during the Revolutionary War. It was afterwards confiscated. Col. Schieffelin's residence occupies the summit of a high ridge, overlooking the valley of Eastchester on the east.

To face page 247, vol. I.

PEDIGREE OF LAWRENCE, OF EASTCHESTER.

Arms:-- Ar. a cross, raguly, gu. Crest:-- A dcmi turbot, tail upwards. Motto:-- Qwero, Intenio.

John Lawrence, of 8*.. Ives. Huntingdonshire, England, ob. 1538. Jobs | Lawrence

MB Lawn-nee. emigrated from England lo ihe colon/ of New William, emigrated to America with bls_Elizabeth. Smith, of Smitntown, da. of Richard, Thomas, one of the patentees of Newtown,

Amsterdam, In 1011 ; one of the Ant patentees of North Hempstead, I- I., 16M; a resident of Westchester, 1644; deputy to Hartford from Gov. Htuyvesant In 1603; Mayor of New York, and member of the Governor's Council at the time of Ida death in 1099; .Judge of the Hupreme Court Will dated 1098.

brother, one of the first patentees of Fosh- Ing, in 1645, proprietor of LURCDOB Neck, magistrate of Flushing, under the Dutch, ob. 1060.

patentee of Smithtown; this lady afterwards married Sir Philip Carteret, Governor of New Jersey. From her, Elizabethlown tabes its name.

TIiomaH, Joint patentee with h's fattier, _KranclnaHmlth, widow anccHtor of the Eastchester branch. j of M. Hmllh.

Willi

lam, member of the Gov. , Couucll from 1702-1700.

John, high sheriff of Queens County, 1693, commander of a troop of horse, ancestor of the Newtown branch, mar. Elizabeth.

brother, one of the first patentees of Fosh- Ing, in 1645, proprietor of LURCDOB Neck, magistrate of Flushing, under the Dutch, ob. 1060.

patentee of Smithtown; this lady afterwards married Sir Philip Carteret, Governor of New Jersey. From her, Elizabethlown tabes its name.

TIiomaH, Joint patentee with h's fattier, _KranclnaHmlth, widow anccHtor of the Eastchester branch. j of M. Hmllh.

Willi

lam, member of the Gov. , Couucll from 1702-1700.

John, high sheriff of Queens County, 1693, commander of a troop of horse, ancestor of the Newtown branch, mar. Elizabeth.

[666, proprietor of Dell-gate neck, a major In Leisler's forces, 1690; died at Newtown, July, 1703.

Jonathan, who removed to Westchester, ancestor, of the Westchester branch, and probably of I Rockland County branch, ob. ante. 1720.

Thomas, Justice of the Price for ..Frances Hergi n County, from 1702-17 IB, Kdsull Judge of Court of Common PIMM) ancestor of N. J. branch.

i .11', nat. 1GP0-7, removed from_l. Anna Squire Long Inland to Kastchester, clr. I -2. Esther 1680, ob. cir. 1780. Canlffe.

John, nat. 1068, ob. 1738, r- - . Elizabeth moved to Cortlandt's patent 1730.

Jacob, of West -- Lydla Chester

Thomas, will dated 13th May, 1752, lib 18, p. SOS.

Isaac, nat. 1<W7, oh. clr. 1708 1. Widow Ward.

I _v. Ruth Owen*

JftOOb, whose decendanis are living at Westchester.

Mary

J.lHaac, lint. _Ki'7.luli Pill, mil. 1729, 1724 ol>. asih March, 179S

2. Jesse, nat. I>ee..l>!h, 1727_Ellzabelh oh. Feb. nth, 1801 Vamlostern

I I

3.Joseph, killed by a fall from his horse prior to the Revolution

Elizabeth moved to Cortlandt's patent 1730.

Jacob, of West -- Lydla Chester

Thomas, will dated 13th May, 1752, lib 18, p. SOS.

Isaac, nat. 1<W7, oh. clr. 1708 1. Widow Ward.

I _v. Ruth Owen*

JftOOb, whose decendanis are living at Westchester.

Mary

J.lHaac, lint. _Ki'7.luli Pill, mil. 1729, 1724 ol>. asih March, 179S

2. Jesse, nat. I>ee..l>!h, 1727_Ellzabelh oh. Feb. nth, 1801 Vamlostern

I I

3.Joseph, killed by a fall from his horse prior to the Revolution

4.ollbert, nat. 1739, _Margaret S.Aaron, nat. _l.Jane Lawrence

ob. Ju:y 17, 1S17

Kissac. _2.Mrs. Magrlelanc

Myers

1 9th >i„r. 1741. ob. 2 Jan., 1S1C.

ob. 13th Aug., 1785. _2.Craft,ob. 1829

l.Anua, nat. April 22_Neuemlah Hunt, 1729, ob. Aug. 12, nat. May 21st, 1796 1724, ob. July

20-h, 1792

a. •> a

» £ r

a. p a

r M i

D %

Notk :-- See Historical fieneology of the Lawrence family, by Thou. Lawrence.

To face page 247, vol. i.

John Lawrence, emigrated from England Amsterdam, in 1611 ; one of the first pate stead, L. I., 1644; a resident of Westell Hartford from Gov. Stuyvesant in 1C63; and member of the Governors Council ai in 1699; Judge of the Supreme Court.

Thomas, joint patentee with h'.s father, _Francii ancestor of the Eastchester branch. of M.

Thomas, Justice of the Peace for=FraDces Isaac, nat. 1

Bergen County, from 1702-1713, Edsall Louglslac

Judge of Court of Common 1689, ob. ci Pleas, ancestor of N. J. branch.

Isaac, nat. 16S7, ob. cir. 1768^1. Widow Ward.

I., 1644; a resident of Westell Hartford from Gov. Stuyvesant in 1C63; and member of the Governors Council ai in 1699; Judge of the Supreme Court.

Thomas, joint patentee with h'.s father, _Francii ancestor of the Eastchester branch. of M.

Thomas, Justice of the Peace for=FraDces Isaac, nat. 1

Bergen County, from 1702-1713, Edsall Louglslac

Judge of Court of Common 1689, ob. ci Pleas, ancestor of N. J. branch.

Isaac, nat. 16S7, ob. cir. 1768^1. Widow Ward.

I =2.Ruth Owens

Jo

Jhn

X ° 5 "-3 c -- 3 w r p"

• o> 3

5 5. 1

g5a

00 o S

B CT u

en • □

' 5? -a B

l.Isaac, nat.=Kezlah Pell, nat. 1729, 1724 ob. 25th March, 1795

2.Je

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

There is a remarkable rock in this vicinity well worthy the stranger's notice, marked with a rude impression of a human foot seven inches in length, pointing west. It is a perfect impression of the right foot; and what is very singular, another track occurs on the opposite side of the sound, on Long Island. There appear to be several tracks upon that island. " About half a mile from the fort on Montauk Point," says Mr. Trime, " in a southeasterly direction, is a granite rock, imbedded in the ground, on the upper surface of which is the apparent impress of a human foot. The figure is as perfect and distinct as would follow from the pressure of the left foot upon some cohesive substance, except being deficient in a toe ; a deficiency no.t at first sight apparent, and discernable only by inspection. No artist could have chiselled a more perfect resemblance. The impression is still fresh, and without the least appearance of injury from time. There are two other tracks less perfect and distinct.

Trime, " in a southeasterly direction, is a granite rock, imbedded in the ground, on the upper surface of which is the apparent impress of a human foot. The figure is as perfect and distinct as would follow from the pressure of the left foot upon some cohesive substance, except being deficient in a toe ; a deficiency no.t at first sight apparent, and discernable only by inspection. No artist could have chiselled a more perfect resemblance. The impression is still fresh, and without the least appearance of injury from time. There are two other tracks less perfect and distinct. The one in the Indian field, and the other west of Fort Pond. The heel of the foot is towards the east in all of them, as though formed in passing to the west. Excepting that they are the footsteps of the evil spirit, no record or tradition pretends to give their story. They existed at the first settlement by the whites, and were a subject of pawwa to the Indians."*1 Perhaps they are in some way mysteriously connected with " Satan's toe " and the " stepping stones " off Throckmorton's Neck, by which the evil spirit made good his retreat when worsted by the Mohegans, or enchanted Wolf tribe of Indians, during some unknown period of the stone age.

Within a short distance of the village was situated the estate of the late Col. John R. Hayward, Esq., who in 1846 represented this county in Assembly. His son is the present Robert Hayward, of Rye. Col. Hayward purchased the property of the executors of the late Richard ohute. In 167 1 James Eustice and others were appointed to layout land for Richard Shute (ancestor of the before-mentioned Richard), near Rattlesnake Creek.

They existed at the first settlement by the whites, and were a subject of pawwa to the Indians."*1 Perhaps they are in some way mysteriously connected with " Satan's toe " and the " stepping stones " off Throckmorton's Neck, by which the evil spirit made good his retreat when worsted by the Mohegans, or enchanted Wolf tribe of Indians, during some unknown period of the stone age.

Within a short distance of the village was situated the estate of the late Col. John R. Hayward, Esq., who in 1846 represented this county in Assembly. His son is the present Robert Hayward, of Rye. Col. Hayward purchased the property of the executors of the late Richard ohute. In 167 1 James Eustice and others were appointed to layout land for Richard Shute (ancestor of the before-mentioned Richard), near Rattlesnake Creek.

Most of the farms in this neighborhood, which once covered the old Lawrence property, embracing at one period nearly five hundred acres, are now included in the most thickly settled portion of Mount Vernon. A part of the Lawrence estate was anciently called Virginia from its beautiful appearance. Its earliest proprietor was Isaac Lawrence, Esq., who originally emigrated from Long Island to Eastchester about 1689. On the 1 2th of May, 1690, Isaac Lawrence was chosen by the inhabitants of this town, one of the pound-masters for the year ensuing. In 1700 he appears to have been town treasurer, and in 1 721, his name a H. 3. Prime'8 History of Long Island.

A part of the Lawrence estate was anciently called Virginia from its beautiful appearance. Its earliest proprietor was Isaac Lawrence, Esq., who originally emigrated from Long Island to Eastchester about 1689. On the 1 2th of May, 1690, Isaac Lawrence was chosen by the inhabitants of this town, one of the pound-masters for the year ensuing. In 1700 he appears to have been town treasurer, and in 1 721, his name a H. 3. Prime'8 History of Long Island.

248'

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF 'WESTCHESTER.

occurs in a list of the Grand Jurors for the County of Westchester. Isaac Lawrence died about 1730, leaving three sons, the eldest of whom was Isaac Lawrence, grandfather of the late Augustus Lawrence, Esq., who for so many years filled with great credit the office of Justice of the Peace for the town of Eastchester, whose grandson is the present Dennis McMahon, Esq., of Castle Eden, Morrisiania. The Lawrences of Westchester County, New Jersey and Long Island, descended from John Lawrence of St. Ives, Huntingdonshire, England," who died in 1538 and was buried in the Abbey of Ramsey, Huntingdon. His eldest son was Henry Lawrence of St. Ives, born 1600, a graduate of Emanuel College in 1622, who came to New England in 1635 with Lord Saye and Seal, Lord Brooke and others, and obtained grants on the Connecticut River. He subsequently returned to England and was made Lord President of the Privy Council and Member of Parliament for Hertfordshire-- and was buried in St. Margaret's church, Hertford John Lawrence his youngest son, of Great St. Albans in Hertfordshire, died circ. 1626 leaving by his wife Joan, who was born 1593, three sons, -- John, William and Thomas Lawrence -- who emigrated from Great St. Albans, in Hertfordshire, to America, during the political troubles that led to the dethronement and death of Charles I.

He subsequently returned to England and was made Lord President of the Privy Council and Member of Parliament for Hertfordshire-- and was buried in St. Margaret's church, Hertford John Lawrence his youngest son, of Great St. Albans in Hertfordshire, died circ. 1626 leaving by his wife Joan, who was born 1593, three sons, -- John, William and Thomas Lawrence -- who emigrated from Great St. Albans, in Hertfordshire, to America, during the political troubles that led to the dethronement and death of Charles I. The youngest of the three sons, Thomas Lawrence, was one of the patentees of Newtown, L. I., and proprietor of Hell-gate neck; and died at Newton, July, 1703, leaving by his wife Mary, four sons, Thomas, joint patentee with his father and ancestor of the New Jersey branch ; Isaac, born in 1666-7, who emigrated as we have seen, to Eastchester in 1689 and died circ. 1736. John who removed to Cortlandt Manor in 1730, and Jacob Lawrence of Westchester.

The Pinckney estate in this town originally embraced the properties of Darius Lyon, Esq., late sheriff of the county, and others adjoining. The Pinckney residence, which stood a little to the south-west of Mr. Lyons was quite a stately affair ; and appears to have been a favorite resort for officers of the Royal army, when stationed in its vicinity during the Revolutionary War. In front of this mansion the young and handsome Henry Pinckney was shot before the eyes of his family, (by a party of Continental soldiers) whilst endeavoring to effect his escape on horseback, April 2, 1786.

The Pinckney residence, which stood a little to the south-west of Mr. Lyons was quite a stately affair ; and appears to have been a favorite resort for officers of the Royal army, when stationed in its vicinity during the Revolutionary War. In front of this mansion the young and handsome Henry Pinckney was shot before the eyes of his family, (by a party of Continental soldiers) whilst endeavoring to effect his escape on horseback, April 2, 1786.

a The first ancestor of this family was Sir Richard I.awrens in UM, who was knighted by Richard I. at the siege of Acre in 1191. This individual bore for his coat of arms "Argent a cross raguly gules," which is still carried by his American descendants"-- after this the family became eminent in Eugland. In Faulkner's History of Chelsea, Ac., he says, " The Lawrences wi re allied to all that was great and illustrious ; cousins lo tho ambitious Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, to the Earl of Warwick, to Lord Guilford Dudley, who expiated on the scalTohl the short lived royalty of l.adv Jane tirey ; to the brilliant -Leicester, who set two qneens at variance, and to Sir Philip Sidney who refused a throne. "-- Riker's Annals of Newtown, p. 281.

To face page MS, voL 1.

PEDIGREE OF PINCKNEY, OF EASTCHESTER.

Arms : -- Or, four fusils in fesse gules. Crest : -- Out of a ducal coronet or, a griffon's head ppr.

Philip Pinckney, one of the tirst patentees of Eastchester, 1G64_ (1. at Fairfield, 1649 f

In Faulkner's History of Chelsea, Ac., he says, " The Lawrences wi re allied to all that was great and illustrious ; cousins lo tho ambitious Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, to the Earl of Warwick, to Lord Guilford Dudley, who expiated on the scalTohl the short lived royalty of l.adv Jane tirey ; to the brilliant -Leicester, who set two qneens at variance, and to Sir Philip Sidney who refused a throne. "-- Riker's Annals of Newtown, p. 281.

To face page MS, voL 1.

PEDIGREE OF PINCKNEY, OF EASTCHESTER.

Arms : -- Or, four fusils in fesse gules. Crest : -- Out of a ducal coronet or, a griffon's head ppr.

Philip Pinckney, one of the tirst patentees of Eastchester, 1G64_ (1. at Fairfield, 1649 f

Thomas Pinckney, of Ea^tchester ^Hannah

olin,

living in 1699 _AlMga.il, da. of Thos. Hunt

Elizabeth Jane

I 1 Ann

Deborah

Thomas, dlcd„Ellzabeth

after the war

Chappel, L. T.

Philip William

Jo lathan ^ 1 .Sarah Ward -2.Alida Staff a Dutch lady

Hannah Susannah

Ferris, 1699

Abigail

Rachel _John Pell, 'id Lord of the Abigail Manor of Pelham

Mary

Thomas, nat. _Abby Israel -.Dorothy Rich Feb, 1729 Ilriggs

Philip_Ellzabeth Town- wil'lam-Freelove, da of Sarah, married Jemima, mar. Pooebe, mar. I send, da of John | John Townsend John Williams Thos. Ward Thos. Fowler

Jonathan, ob. s.p.

Meriam, ob. s. p.

Sarah, ob. b. p.

John,

1741, ob,

nat. Gilbert.nat. John, nat. Philip, nat. 21st Charles, nat. 21 David, a rcpresent-

May31st, 12th July, October, 1749 Nov., 1751, of atlve of the house

Rachel _John Pell, 'id Lord of the Abigail Manor of Pelham

Mary

Thomas, nat. _Abby Israel -.Dorothy Rich Feb, 1729 Ilriggs

Philip_Ellzabeth Town- wil'lam-Freelove, da of Sarah, married Jemima, mar. Pooebe, mar. I send, da of John | John Townsend John Williams Thos. Ward Thos. Fowler

Jonathan, ob. s.p.

Meriam, ob. s. p.

Sarah, ob. b. p.

John,

1741, ob,

nat. Gilbert.nat. John, nat. Philip, nat. 21st Charles, nat. 21 David, a rcpresent-

May31st, 12th July, October, 1749 Nov., 1751, of atlve of the house

1743 1746,ofNo- of Nova Scotia Nova Scotia of Assembly of

va Scotia Nova Scotia

Philij

Richard _Susan Oarhart

1. Lewis 2. .John

M.wtllla

4.1srael Rachel, m. Jacob Post

Thomas BrjggS Elijah Joslah Rachel Rebecca

T I. L

3 | Rl £ Henry, killed ^Esther § p g-f s,p " during the 1 Content,

Jonathan -Elizabeth I Palmer

Mira.hih. .lane Cross

William =1 Jarvis =2.Birdsall

James =Lowerey David =Fanny Mclutyre

p3 M

l.Froelove 2.Mary, m. 3. Jemima, m. 4. Ann, in. m. Thos. Dan. Rob- Maj. Frazer, Joseph Hunt erts B. officer Reynolds

I I

c.&eblna,m. G.Phcebe,m. Elijah Elijah Ward Rich

T. Sarah, m. Dr.

Root

< S William II. „nannah Bcnlne

I |l i I 111

l.FJijah l.llary ,r* J> _^ Mf" or' i«- i» S.Peter >.BUla || f £ § | g | 5 z g £ 5 a |555 ?3 f SS |§ |g | B.Stephen |P S| f % S 3 fj jf S * 1 | § f §& f | §§?

Frazer, Joseph Hunt erts B. officer Reynolds

I I

c.&eblna,m. G.Phcebe,m. Elijah Elijah Ward Rich

T. Sarah, m. Dr.

Root

< S William II. „nannah Bcnlne

I |l i I 111

l.FJijah l.llary ,r* J> _^ Mf" or' i«- i» S.Peter >.BUla || f £ § | g | 5 z g £ 5 a |555 ?3 f SS |§ |g | B.Stephen |P S| f % S 3 fj jf S * 1 | § f §& f | §§?

I I

J. I. I

> a tj o f a. g =■: s 3 s

1. William 2..Tames 3. Peter 4 Elias

5 B

3 »

Stephen James Henry _Ruchcl Ann Haws George Washington William _EUzabeth Davenport

Bert'ine=Loulsc Prear

Frl-d Haws^Agnes P. Arthur James Ilenry ^ITenrietta Swann George Albert =Frances P. Gale

Deborah =Charles Bailey

Wm lleniy=PiKe Charles Henrietta„W. E. Frost Emma_Scott R, Barnes

Esther.. Robert Glenn

Robert Forrest Emma^Lother G. Tlllotson Hannah

Julia uatllda_Jaa, Dnucuii Phyfo _l

Dnucan Wm. H. Pinkney

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

The Pinckney's of Eastchester, descend from Philip Pinckney, one of the first ten proprietors and patentees of this town, who originally emigrated from Fairfield, Connecticut, in 1664. This individual was doubtless one of the original settlers of Fairfield, who, like Ludlow and others, came from the West of England with the Rev. John Warham and Company. Philip Pinckney was a lineal representative of the Pinckney's of Tatterset, Pinckney Manor, Norfolk County, England, whose ancestor Gilo de rinckcni or Pinckenie, came into that country in the time of William the Conqueror.41 "In the 19th of Henry II, (1172-1173), in Hugh Peverel and others, as Trustees, settled Tatersete, Pinkney's Manor, with that of Brunsthorp, on James de Pynkeney and Joan his wife, intail, with remainder, to Hugh their son, and Isabel his wife intail," "William de Pinkeni by deed; 9th of King John (1207-1208) confirmed to William son of Richard Anglo (that is English) by deed; sans date, a croft, &c.

Philip Pinckney was a lineal representative of the Pinckney's of Tatterset, Pinckney Manor, Norfolk County, England, whose ancestor Gilo de rinckcni or Pinckenie, came into that country in the time of William the Conqueror.41 "In the 19th of Henry II, (1172-1173), in Hugh Peverel and others, as Trustees, settled Tatersete, Pinkney's Manor, with that of Brunsthorp, on James de Pynkeney and Joan his wife, intail, with remainder, to Hugh their son, and Isabel his wife intail," "William de Pinkeni by deed; 9th of King John (1207-1208) confirmed to William son of Richard Anglo (that is English) by deed; sans date, a croft, &c. The seal to this deed is of green wax : -- a crescent and a decrescent in chief with one crescent in base.''6 "In St. Ethelred's church Norwich, England, there is a stone, in the chancel below the rails, for Henry Pinckeny and Elizabeth his wife; she died 27th of Sept., 1700, ^Etat 86."

The Pinckney estate is watered on the East by the Aqueanouncke (Hutchinson's River,) and its tributary called Black Dog or Ann Hooke's Brook.

The Drake's were also extensive proprietors in the town, the old estate called "Nonsuch," being bounded on the west by the Aquehung, or Bronx, on the north by the Yonkers road, leading to Swayne's Mill; on the east by the White Plains Turnpike, and on the south by the Hunt's Bridge road. The property is now owned by various individuals. It is somewhat curious that the only portion of the original estate lately vested in the Drake family was the site once occupied by the barns, and out-buildings of the late Moses Drake. This individual was the son of Benjamin Drake; third in descent from Samuel Drake, Esq., of Fairfield, one of the first of the ten proprietors of Eastchester, in 1664.

The Drake's were also extensive proprietors in the town, the old estate called "Nonsuch," being bounded on the west by the Aquehung, or Bronx, on the north by the Yonkers road, leading to Swayne's Mill; on the east by the White Plains Turnpike, and on the south by the Hunt's Bridge road. The property is now owned by various individuals. It is somewhat curious that the only portion of the original estate lately vested in the Drake family was the site once occupied by the barns, and out-buildings of the late Moses Drake. This individual was the son of Benjamin Drake; third in descent from Samuel Drake, Esq., of Fairfield, one of the first of the ten proprietors of Eastchester, in 1664.

On the 9th September, 1650, Samuel Drake received a grant of land from the freeholders of Fairfield. Upon the 8th of Feb., 1677, Samuel Drake of Eastchester sold unto his son Samuel Drake, three separate parcels of land lying in Fairfield.''

o Hloomncld's Norfolk, vol. v, pp. 5. 6. " Ilamo de PlnKeney, time of nonry II, marr. Alice who died, siezed of the manor of Pinkeney iu 1233-9. Their son John de Plnkeucy k it James de Pinkeney, Lord of Pinkeney, In 1335-6. James Plnkeney left by his wife Joan; Hugh de Plnki'in \ , who'married Isabel, their heirs hild the Lordship of Pinkeney in 1399-1 10 •."

6 Bloomtleld's Norfolk, vol. v. pp. 5, 6. The arms of Pinkney or Pinkeni, of Buckinghamshire, Essex, Norfolk and Northamptenshire temp, Edward I, were, or, four fusils iu Ussegau. The anus of PHlip Pinckney of, Eastchester were the same.

Their son John de Plnkeucy k it James de Pinkeney, Lord of Pinkeney, In 1335-6. James Plnkeney left by his wife Joan; Hugh de Plnki'in \ , who'married Isabel, their heirs hild the Lordship of Pinkeney in 1399-1 10 •."

6 Bloomtleld's Norfolk, vol. v. pp. 5, 6. The arms of Pinkney or Pinkeni, of Buckinghamshire, Essex, Norfolk and Northamptenshire temp, Edward I, were, or, four fusils iu Ussegau. The anus of PHlip Pinckney of, Eastchester were the same.

c The familv Is now represented.

d Fairileld Town Kecords.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

The will of Samuel Drake, Sen., bears date May 30th, i676.a Samuel Drake is presumed to be a grand-son of John Drake of the Council of Plymouth, one of the original company established by King James I, in 1606, for settling New England. John his son came to Boston in 1630, and finally settled in Windsor, Conn., from whence his son Samuel removed to Fairfield. The will of Samuel Drake, Sen., of Fairfield, bears date 12th of December, 1691, by which it appears that his mother's name was Anne, and his wife's Ruth, and that he had a sister Rebecka Rogers, then living at Eastchester. "To his cousin Joseph, son to his brother Joseph of Eastchester, he bequeaths all his lands situate in Fairfield."6

The Drake family are of great antiquity and descend from the old house of Drake of Ashe, Devonshire, England, a branch of which gave birth to the illustrious Sir Francis Drake. The name is supposed to be derived from the heraldrick Wivern. the arms of the family, which is another name for the fabled dragon of antiquity, Draco or Drago being a Roman name, as late as Sir Francis Drake -- writers called him the Dragon "c -- of this family was Joseph Rodman Drake, the poet ; the late Charles Drake,d M.D., of New York, E.

The Drake family are of great antiquity and descend from the old house of Drake of Ashe, Devonshire, England, a branch of which gave birth to the illustrious Sir Francis Drake. The name is supposed to be derived from the heraldrick Wivern. the arms of the family, which is another name for the fabled dragon of antiquity, Draco or Drago being a Roman name, as late as Sir Francis Drake -- writers called him the Dragon "c -- of this family was Joseph Rodman Drake, the poet ; the late Charles Drake,d M.D., of New York, E. G. Drake, Esq., of Scarsdale, and Thomas Drake of New Rochelle, who is a lineal representative of Samuel Drake, one of the first settlers of Eastchester in 1664.

Opposite the late Mr. Drake's residence is situated the property of the late Elisha Shute whose ancestor was Thomas Shute another of the early patentees of this town in 1665 f Richard Shute, the son of Thomas was for many years recorder of Eastchester. Elisha Shute was the father of the late Richard Shute whose sons are still living in the town.

The representatives of James Eustis, another of the ten proprietors in 1664, are also numerous in East and Westchester.

On the west side of the town at West Mount Vernon on Hunt's Bridge, on the Bronx, is located the New York and Harlem Railroad Depot. About two miles and a half north of this place is situated Bronx Mill, the property of the late James P. Swain, Esq., formerly known as Underhill Mill.

Elisha Shute was the father of the late Richard Shute whose sons are still living in the town.

The representatives of James Eustis, another of the ten proprietors in 1664, are also numerous in East and Westchester.

On the west side of the town at West Mount Vernon on Hunt's Bridge, on the Bronx, is located the New York and Harlem Railroad Depot. About two miles and a half north of this place is situated Bronx Mill, the property of the late James P. Swain, Esq., formerly known as Underhill Mill.

The Bronx River here affords a fine water power to an extensive grist mill and screw manufactory. The building is a large and handsome structure of stone, four stories high, and measures forty feet by eighty. The machinery is of the best kind, and the water is sufficient to

a Surrogate's Office, N. Y., vol. Ill, 47.

6 Prob. Rec. Fairlleld Co., Conn., lGS9tol701.

e Gen. and Bros account of Drake family by Samuel G. Drake, Boston, 1S45.

d Corporation Doc. xxxvi., 875, Report for 1833.

c The Inventory of the late Shoot or Shute dec'ed, of Fairfield, Conn., Oct. 3, 1671, Probate Rec, p. 123.

THE TOWN OK BAST CHESTER. 25 1

carry the mill throughout the year, which enables it to grind at all seasons.

The course of the Bronx immediately below the mill is said to have been formerly changed by a large beaver dam, which those industrious animals had erected near die foot of Mr. Underbill's garden. Beaver Pond lies directly north of the mill. Beavers were once very common on the Bronx and neighboring streams, and afford an excellent example of animals not only sociable by dwelling near each other, but by joining in a work which was for the benefit of the community.

The course of the Bronx immediately below the mill is said to have been formerly changed by a large beaver dam, which those industrious animals had erected near die foot of Mr. Underbill's garden. Beaver Pond lies directly north of the mill. Beavers were once very common on the Bronx and neighboring streams, and afford an excellent example of animals not only sociable by dwelling near each other, but by joining in a work which was for the benefit of the community. Water was as needful for the Beaver as for the miller; and it is a very curious fact that long before miller's ever invented dams, or before men ever learned to grind corn, the beaver knew how to make a dam and to insure itself a constant supply of water. The dam was by no means placed at random in the stream, just where a few logs may have happened to lodge -- but it was set exactly where it was wanted, and it was made so as to suit the force of the current ; in those places where the stream runs slowly the dam was carried straight across the river, but in those where the water had much power the barrier was made in a convex shape so as to resist the force of the rushing water. The power of the stream could, therefore, always be inferred from the shape of the dam which the beavers had built across it. Some of these structures were of great size, measuring two or three hundred yards in length and ten or twelve feet in thickness, and their form exactly corresponded with the force of the stream. They made their houses close to the water and communicated with them by means of subterranean passages, one entrance of which passed into the house, or lodge -- as it was technically named -- and the other into the water, so far below the surface that it could not be closed by ice.

Some of these structures were of great size, measuring two or three hundred yards in length and ten or twelve feet in thickness, and their form exactly corresponded with the force of the stream. They made their houses close to the water and communicated with them by means of subterranean passages, one entrance of which passed into the house, or lodge -- as it was technically named -- and the other into the water, so far below the surface that it could not be closed by ice. The " lodges " were nearly circular in form, and closely resembled the well-known snow houses of the Esquimaux ; being domed, and about half as high as they were wide, the average height being three feet, and the diameter six or seven feet. They were so thick and well lined that, during severe frosts, they were nearly as hard as solid stone."a The last beaver seen in this vicinity was in the summer of 1790.

Vast quantities of trout, roach, suckers and other fresh water fish, are bred yearly in the Bronx.

In 1825 Canvas White, Esq., engineer, employed by the New York Water Works' Company, reported to the directors of that corporation, that he would recommend taking the waters of the Bronx at Underbill's Bridge, estimating that 9,100,000 gallons of water might be delivered in a Harper's New Monthly Magazine.

252 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

the city daily, and that the whole expense would not exceed $1,450,000."

The mill and adjoining property, at an early period, belonged to the late Lancaster Underhill,who lived to the remarkable age of 98. Throughout the trying period of the Revolution, this individual resided on his farm, and appears to have suffered severely both in person and estate. During many a severe winter night he lay concealed beneath the body of an ox cart -- which he had taken the precaution to cover with hay -- and on each returning day blessed his good fortune that his house had escaped the flames.

The mill and adjoining property, at an early period, belonged to the late Lancaster Underhill,who lived to the remarkable age of 98. Throughout the trying period of the Revolution, this individual resided on his farm, and appears to have suffered severely both in person and estate. During many a severe winter night he lay concealed beneath the body of an ox cart -- which he had taken the precaution to cover with hay -- and on each returning day blessed his good fortune that his house had escaped the flames. Near the mill is located the Bronxville Railroad depot, distant about four and a half miles south of White Plains, and eight from New York. The agent at this station (for nearly a quarter of a century) is Mr. Lancaster Underhill, the son of the late Lawrence Underbill a younger son of Lancaster Underhill, a former proprietor of most of the adjoining lands. The Dutch Reformed Church at Bronxville was erected in 1840, on land given by the late Rev. Robert Bolton, a former pastor of this parish, then owner of the Pond Field property. The church was incorporated.

Upon the Long Reach, in this town, are situated the farms and residences of John Townsend, Esq., (former sheriff of the county, and senator for the second district in 182 1,) Alexander Pirnie, Mr. Headly, Alexander Masterton, Abijah Morgan, Charles Morgan, and Mr. Pinckney, &c.

The whole of this elevated district commands extensive views of the Sound and surrounding country. In the immediate vicinity stands Marble Hall, the site of which is celebrated in our Revolutionary annals.

Upon the Long Reach, in this town, are situated the farms and residences of John Townsend, Esq., (former sheriff of the county, and senator for the second district in 182 1,) Alexander Pirnie, Mr. Headly, Alexander Masterton, Abijah Morgan, Charles Morgan, and Mr. Pinckney, &c.

The whole of this elevated district commands extensive views of the Sound and surrounding country. In the immediate vicinity stands Marble Hall, the site of which is celebrated in our Revolutionary annals.

From the petition of Jonathan Ward (one of the former proprietors of this place) to Congress in 1825, we learn, ' that at the commencement of the Revolutionary war, Stephen Ward (the petitioner's father) resided in Eastchcster, and county of Westchester, seven miles south of White Plains; that the British troops took possession of the city of New York and the southern part of the county of Westchester, in the autumn of 1776; that in consequence of which, the said Stephen Ward left his residence, consisting of a large and valuable dwelling, barn, and sundry other buildings; that between this period and the autumn of 1778, those buildings were occupied, a large portion of time, by the American troops, at which place there were several engagements between them and the British; that in November, 1778, a large body of the British forces, commanded by General Tryon, made an excursion as far as Ward's house, and, by the General's orders, totally destroyed, by a fire, the buildings, with considerable other property."6 a Corporation Doc.

From the petition of Jonathan Ward (one of the former proprietors of this place) to Congress in 1825, we learn, ' that at the commencement of the Revolutionary war, Stephen Ward (the petitioner's father) resided in Eastchcster, and county of Westchester, seven miles south of White Plains; that the British troops took possession of the city of New York and the southern part of the county of Westchester, in the autumn of 1776; that in consequence of which, the said Stephen Ward left his residence, consisting of a large and valuable dwelling, barn, and sundry other buildings; that between this period and the autumn of 1778, those buildings were occupied, a large portion of time, by the American troops, at which place there were several engagements between them and the British; that in November, 1778, a large body of the British forces, commanded by General Tryon, made an excursion as far as Ward's house, and, by the General's orders, totally destroyed, by a fire, the buildings, with considerable other property."6 a Corporation Doc.

6 Amer. State Papers, No. cccclxv, 654. See Simcoe's JIU. Journal, p. 92.

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

In the Spring of 1776, Captain Archibald Campbell, with a strong force of the enemy, surprised the Continental guard (under the command of Captain Delavan) stationed at Ward's house. After an offer of surrender had been made by the Americans, a shot was fired from one of the windows (by Lieut. Paddock) which, unfortunately, killed Captain Campbell. The British, seeing their commander fall, instantly forced the house, and, no resistance being made, revenged his death by killing upwards of twenty on the stairs and in the adjoining rooms; a few effected their escape by jumping out of the back windows. The dead who fell upon this occasion, were interred among the locusts on the west side of the road.

After an offer of surrender had been made by the Americans, a shot was fired from one of the windows (by Lieut. Paddock) which, unfortunately, killed Captain Campbell. The British, seeing their commander fall, instantly forced the house, and, no resistance being made, revenged his death by killing upwards of twenty on the stairs and in the adjoining rooms; a few effected their escape by jumping out of the back windows. The dead who fell upon this occasion, were interred among the locusts on the west side of the road.

John Dibble, on the 3d of Nov. 1844, (one of the American soldiers who took an active part in this affair) thus relates the circumstances attending the surprisal in 1776: -- "I was at the attack made upon Ward's house by Major Campbell. In the morning of that day we went down to William's Bridge, on a scout to cover a foraging party consisting of five or six teams. Our intention being to forage in the vicinity of Morrisania, and return to Eastchester in the evening. The enemy came up from King's Bridge to oppose us, and we fought them across the river (Bronx) all day long until the teams returned. We numbered about eighty strong, forty accompanying the teams, while the rest remained to oppose the enemy. The British were about fifty strong and had a fort at the bridge. It was night before we returned to Ward's house. Captain Samuel Delavan commanded us, and he was saved that night in consequence of wearing a red coat, thus passing for a British officer. The enemy approached Ward's house from the west side of the road. A sentinel was posted near, or perhaps in the road, who challenged the British. The latter rushed up to the house, and soon surrounded it.

The British were about fifty strong and had a fort at the bridge. It was night before we returned to Ward's house. Captain Samuel Delavan commanded us, and he was saved that night in consequence of wearing a red coat, thus passing for a British officer. The enemy approached Ward's house from the west side of the road. A sentinel was posted near, or perhaps in the road, who challenged the British. The latter rushed up to the house, and soon surrounded it. Captain Noah Bouton came to the door and asked for quarter, saying they were all desirous to surrender; but Major Campbell called out "Fire away

boys kill all the d d rebels you can." Bouton thereupon discharged

his musket, and shot Campbell through the body who fell dead at his feet. There were about two hundred Americans in the house who all escaped except twenty-seven who were taken prisoners, and six who were killed. The British had eight killed. I effected my escape by jumping out of a window on the north side of the house and soon after encountered a company of Americans advancing, I gladly joined them and returned to the fight. On reaching the house we found the enemy firing into the windows. Posting ourselves behind a stone wall we attacked them, but they far outnumbered us ; and out-flanked, we were compelled to retreat. We retired that night some two miles off, and the next day

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

returned and buried the dead at Ward's house. On the succeeding day we retreated as far as North Castle, and about a week after were ordered to White Plains where we remained until discharged.* The dead who fell on this occasion were interred in a beautiful locust grove west of the house and directly in the rear of the barn on the opposite side of the post-road leading to White Plains.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

returned and buried the dead at Ward's house. On the succeeding day we retreated as far as North Castle, and about a week after were ordered to White Plains where we remained until discharged.* The dead who fell on this occasion were interred in a beautiful locust grove west of the house and directly in the rear of the barn on the opposite side of the post-road leading to White Plains. John Williams of the County House, aged 93, Oct. 17th, 1844, says: "I remember when Colonel Simcoe was up with a party and burnt Ward's house. They took off all the siding of the building, together with the doors, windows and shutters, &c, and transported the same to King's bridge to build barracks for the troops, after which they set fire to the house and burnt it down."6

The Hon. Stephen Ward, who occupied this property prior to the Revolution, (his dwelling house standing directly on the site of the present Marble Hall, and closely resembling it in all its proportions), was the son of Edmund Ward, of Eastchester, for many years a member of the Colonial Assembly, and grandson of Edmund Ward, of Fairfield, Connecticut, who removed to Eastchester about the latter period of the 17th century. In 1700 the inhabitants of this town granted to Edmund Ward fifty acres of land, in consideration that he pay the Indians for the same. These lands were situated on the Long Reach, for the name of Edward Ward occurs in the Long Reach patent granted to William Peartree and others, A. D., 1708.

Stephen Ward, who occupied this property prior to the Revolution, (his dwelling house standing directly on the site of the present Marble Hall, and closely resembling it in all its proportions), was the son of Edmund Ward, of Eastchester, for many years a member of the Colonial Assembly, and grandson of Edmund Ward, of Fairfield, Connecticut, who removed to Eastchester about the latter period of the 17th century. In 1700 the inhabitants of this town granted to Edmund Ward fifty acres of land, in consideration that he pay the Indians for the same. These lands were situated on the Long Reach, for the name of Edward Ward occurs in the Long Reach patent granted to William Peartree and others, A. D., 1708.

The Wards of Eastchester descend from the ancient family of that name formerly seated at Goileston and Homesfield, in the County of Suffolk, England, in 1593, who claimed to represent William de la Ward who flourished temp. Henry II, 1154-1189. Of this family was Andrew Ward, a native of Suffolk County, who emigrated to New England in 1630. He was a freeman of Watertown, Mass., and accompanied the first settlers to Connecticut, and was elected magistrate in 1636. He subsequently removed with the Rev. Richard Denton to Hempstead, Long Island, in 1643, and became a resident of Fairfield in 1649. His son was the grandfather of the former proprietor of the Somerville estate.

The Honorable Stephen Ward, above mentioned, was for many years a judge of the county, and a firm patriot throughout the Revolution. At an early period he appears to have been proscribed by the loyalist party, and a bounty set upon his head.

He subsequently removed with the Rev. Richard Denton to Hempstead, Long Island, in 1643, and became a resident of Fairfield in 1649. His son was the grandfather of the former proprietor of the Somerville estate.

The Honorable Stephen Ward, above mentioned, was for many years a judge of the county, and a firm patriot throughout the Revolution. At an early period he appears to have been proscribed by the loyalist party, and a bounty set upon his head.

a McDonald MSS. in possession of Georjre II. Moore, of N. Y. Hist. Soc.

b Ditto. Prince Gedney of White Plains. 92 years of age in Oct. Is44, says, that Elijah HaiBfia, a private in the Queen's Hangers, was killed in the attack upon Ward's house. His sons were Bartholomew, Thos., Jas. <te Elijah Haines.

To face page 254, vol-

PEDIGREE OF WARD, OF WESTCHESTER COUNTY.

Arms: -- Az. a cross, patonce, or. Crest : -- A Wolf's head, erased, or. Motto: -- Non nobis solum.

Andrew Ward, of Watertown, Mass., freeman, 1G34, accompanied the Urst settlers to Connecticut., =

and was elected a magistrate in 1636; removed to Long Island, in 1643; a resident of Fairileld, I Conn., in 1649.

Edmund Ward, of Fairfield, Conn., re-=Mary moved to Eastchester ; will dated June* I 1712. Surrogate's office. No. 7, 111.

Samuel, East-=IIannaU Chester, 1698 I

Edmund Ward, member of lh>: Pliaebe Sands

William Ward, of Connecticut,

Colonial Assembly; will dated

ancestor of the Wards of Litch-

12th Feb., 1731. Surrogate's

field.

Andrew Ward, of Watertown, Mass., freeman, 1G34, accompanied the Urst settlers to Connecticut., =

and was elected a magistrate in 1636; removed to Long Island, in 1643; a resident of Fairileld, I Conn., in 1649.

Edmund Ward, of Fairfield, Conn., re-=Mary moved to Eastchester ; will dated June* I 1712. Surrogate's office. No. 7, 111.

Samuel, East-=IIannaU Chester, 1698 I

Edmund Ward, member of lh>: Pliaebe Sands

William Ward, of Connecticut,

Colonial Assembly; will dated

ancestor of the Wards of Litch-

12th Feb., 1731. Surrogate's

field.

Kec No 11, 276.

Richard of Westchester ^Mary

Ada^Isaae Lawrence

Edmund, of Eastchester, to whom _Phoebe his father bequeathed a silver I Fow.er hilted sword; ob. 1S05.

Hon. Stephen, Judge of the_Ruth Gcdney, County of Westchester, nat. I nat. Aug. 12, 1730, Feb. 27, 1730, ob. Dec. 8, 1797. I ob. May 23. 1809.

Mary

John

J. John S.WIMam

S.Elijah C.Richard _..

J ,

Stephen^Mary Griffin Charles =Mary Jaines^Phcebe Bartholomew =Elizabeth

LI I l.Phor'

s.winiam 3. Moses

•(.Stephen 1. Phoebe S.John 2,Miriam fl.AuguBtus H.

Louisa^ Nathan Babcock

Stephen, nat. April 8, 1787.

Philip Pell, Jefferson County, N. Y.

Margaret Mary

_Benj. Wright

Ruth Julia

Glonanna^Wood

m. Jan.

Pell

nat.

Tomp- nat. Aug. 25,

Bonnet

Surr. of

20th.

May

kins 1766-

W'chester

1783.

29th,

Co., nat.

1762.

Sept. 21,

1763, ob

Sept 23, 1842.

Caleb T. Ward

, Boniiett, nat. Mary, nat.

Caroline

Jonathan^, Sarah Brown, da. of Hachaliah, nit. 2d June, 1772.

Richard =Deborah Jasper . nat. 1st Brlggs Jan., 1770, m. Mar. 6, 1791,ob.

April 8, 1787.

Philip Pell, Jefferson County, N. Y.

Margaret Mary

_Benj. Wright

Ruth Julia

Glonanna^Wood

m. Jan.

Pell

nat.

Tomp- nat. Aug. 25,

Bonnet

Surr. of

20th.

May

kins 1766-

W'chester

1783.

29th,

Co., nat.

1762.

Sept. 21,

1763, ob

Sept 23, 1842.

Caleb T. Ward

, Boniiett, nat. Mary, nat.

Caroline

Jonathan^, Sarah Brown, da. of Hachaliah, nit. 2d June, 1772.

Richard =Deborah Jasper . nat. 1st Brlggs Jan., 1770, m. Mar. 6, 1791,ob.

28 May, 1816.

nat. Feb. 4, 1773, ob. 4, Dec 1334.

Ann Egbert

1 S -a r

J 5 ' 50 M

Nancy

of Staien Island.

July 13, 1796, ob. 8 Jan.,

May, 1801, ob. 21

May, lsio.

Anna = Jackson Odell

Stephen James H. nat. Sept. 12, 1325.

John of_K Tho_Free- E'cllcstcr, will dated 1754. Sur. Rec. fol. 19, 102.

love

Plnckney

Isaac nat. LJS 12 Nov., is 1748-

E 13

Charles, nat. April nth, 1802, ob.

Sally Ann, nat. June 10th, 1800, ob.

Emeline, nat. June. 1809.

Egbert, ob.

Rev John W

Sylvester, S. II.

Mary A.

Martha Townsend, nat. 10th Aug., 1755, ob. 14, Fob.,

t._ Elizabeth John, nat. _Sarah James, nat. _Esther Thomas, nat. Elijah, nat. Isaac, nat. Daniel, nat. June 3d, '''ownsend 26th June, Morgan 2l8t April, Fowler 22d March, June 9, 17S9, 18th March, 31st March, 1774. 1778. 1780, ob. 28 1785, ob. 8. p. of Western 1794, 1796.

Aug., 1838. New York.

Abigail, nat. 1776.

Ann, nat.=Townsend 26th Feb.,

Margaret =David Morgan nat. 16th June, 17S7

Hester, nat.=Peter Boyd 19th August,

Martha Townsend, nat. 10th Aug., 1755, ob. 14, Fob.,

t._ Elizabeth John, nat. _Sarah James, nat. _Esther Thomas, nat. Elijah, nat. Isaac, nat. Daniel, nat. June 3d, '''ownsend 26th June, Morgan 2l8t April, Fowler 22d March, June 9, 17S9, 18th March, 31st March, 1774. 1778. 1780, ob. 28 1785, ob. 8. p. of Western 1794, 1796.

Aug., 1838. New York.

Abigail, nat. 1776.

Ann, nat.=Townsend 26th Feb.,

Margaret =David Morgan nat. 16th June, 17S7

Hester, nat.=Peter Boyd 19th August,

Martha, nat JBImeon Burgess. Sept. 10th,

Moses. of_Ann, da. of Sing. Sing I Job Sherwood

Philip, ob. fl. p.

William,

Thomas _1 --

I 2 Oakley

Israel =Sarah I Russell

Samuel =Mary Purdy Nancy --Stephen Archer

Rebecca ^Nathaniel Underhlll

Freelove=01iver Torra

Elizabel h _< inner*.

Tompkins

PJUBbeMWUUam Hunter

Isaac Abl'jah Nattlanlcl_Hester MaJ. Gen. Francesjames Sally _Will Thomas Mary _G Luyster

| Brower Aaron of Sing-Sing

Pugsley

Ann Carpenter.

Elizabeth _Nathaniel Sarles

Phoebe =James Miller

Hannah - Elijah Washburn

Elizabeth . Levi Shute Ann.

Rebi ooa -Dr. BcTlbner

Jeinima^Geoige Jesse Sherwood

John, ob. s.p. Thomas, ob. s.p. N.Y, Leonard, Essex Co. N.J Janles Ezra Elijah Harriet =Wm. Denham,N. J. Jemirna_,Nathan'l Carpenter Catharlne^Odell Mary _Jas. Carpenter

NY.

William (IrllVln. Margaret 11. Walworth nat. Kvb 22,'.is». I u.il. May 16, 1797, i,li.l'Vl>.,lv<:, j uli. Nov. 21. 1879

Samuel Naticy Moses William Natnanlel Elmlra Hannah Mariah Frances _Ward Carpenter Catherine Harriet

1. Eliza l.oui.-a^John Betts 2.Hetty Marla=01iver Delancy Ward

.1 .

.1

Willluui. Julia IS. Tyug l.Mary O. i.Emlly 3.Rosalle 4 Harriet

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER. 255

N.Y, Leonard, Essex Co. N.J Janles Ezra Elijah Harriet =Wm. Denham,N. J. Jemirna_,Nathan'l Carpenter Catharlne^Odell Mary _Jas. Carpenter

NY.

William (IrllVln. Margaret 11. Walworth nat. Kvb 22,'.is». I u.il. May 16, 1797, i,li.l'Vl>.,lv<:, j uli. Nov. 21. 1879

Samuel Naticy Moses William Natnanlel Elmlra Hannah Mariah Frances _Ward Carpenter Catherine Harriet

1. Eliza l.oui.-a^John Betts 2.Hetty Marla=01iver Delancy Ward

.1 .

.1

Willluui. Julia IS. Tyug l.Mary O. i.Emlly 3.Rosalle 4 Harriet

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER. 255

The following epitaph is inscribed on his tombstone in Eastchester church yard:

In

memoky of STEPHEN WARD, ESQ., who died 8111 Decembek., 1797, Aged 67 Years, 9 Montus and 17 Days.

Sons of America ! Mourn for your country, she has lost a friend Who did her rights anil liberties defend. May rising patriots keep those rights secure, And hand them down to latest ages pure. Mourn too, ye friends and relatives who knew His worth, his kindness, and his love to you. But duty bids us all resign, and say, Thy will be done who gave and took away.

By his wife, Ruth Gedney, the Hon. Stephen Ward left issue eight sons and four daughters ; the fourth son was the late Jonathan Ward, surrogate of the county of Westchester, and a delegate to the convention that framed the late constitution of this State in 181 2 : also a member of State Senate in 1806.

In the vicinity of Marble Hall are situated the two valuable marble quarries now owned by John M. Masterton, late supervisor of the town. The former supplied the material for the construction of the New York and New Orleans Custom Houses and the City Hall, Brooklyn.

Stephen Ward left issue eight sons and four daughters ; the fourth son was the late Jonathan Ward, surrogate of the county of Westchester, and a delegate to the convention that framed the late constitution of this State in 181 2 : also a member of State Senate in 1806.

In the vicinity of Marble Hall are situated the two valuable marble quarries now owned by John M. Masterton, late supervisor of the town. The former supplied the material for the construction of the New York and New Orleans Custom Houses and the City Hall, Brooklyn.

The Winter Hill burying ground just west of Marble Hall, contains some ancient memorials to the Haiden or Hadens and Hunts. One of the headstones is inscribed: "S. 17 19;" another "Mary Hoden, deceased March ye 10th, 1731." William Haiden was one of the first patentees of this town in 1664-5.

Upon the eastern side of Long Reach lies the estate of the late James Somerville, Esq., now owned by James Somerville, for a long period one of the Associate Judges of the county and a well known and respected freeholder in this town. His father was Archibald Somerville, M. D., of Melrose, Roxburgshire, Scotland (whose family originally came from Berwickshire) a lineal descendant of Sir Gualter de Somerville, Lord of Wicknour, one of the companions of the Norman conqueror. His brother was the late Archibald Somerville who succeeded to this estate and left a daughter.

The Somerville property formerly belonged to Daniel Williams, a native of the town of Bedford in this county, and was given him by the State of New York, upon the 16th of June, 1783, " for and in consideration of the services of David Williams of Cortlandt manor, in the county

D., of Melrose, Roxburgshire, Scotland (whose family originally came from Berwickshire) a lineal descendant of Sir Gualter de Somerville, Lord of Wicknour, one of the companions of the Norman conqueror. His brother was the late Archibald Somerville who succeeded to this estate and left a daughter.

The Somerville property formerly belonged to Daniel Williams, a native of the town of Bedford in this county, and was given him by the State of New York, upon the 16th of June, 1783, " for and in consideration of the services of David Williams of Cortlandt manor, in the county

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

of Westchester, hath rendered his country in apprehending and securing the British deputy adjutant general, Major John Andre who was returning to New York, after having, in the character of a spy, concerted measures with the infamous Benedict Arnold, then commanding at the posts in the Highlands, for betraying the said posts into the hands of the enemy, and for his virtue in refusing a large sum of money offered by the said Major Andre as a bribe to permit him to escape, &c, and consisted of all that certain tract or parcel of land situate in the town of Eastchester, late in the possession of Edmund Ward, amounting to 252^ acres."

David Williams subsequently removed from South Salem, or Cortlandt's manor, to Livingstonville, in Schoharie county, New York, where he bought a farm of General Daniel Shays, and resided upon it until his death, August 2d, 1831. He left a widow, 4 sons and 3 daughters. He was the object of much regard, from the interesting historical event with which his name is associated; and the year before his death he became the guest of the city of New York. The bones of Williams have been recently removed from Livingstonville, Schoharie county, to Renselaerville, Albany County, wherp it is proposed to erect a monument to his memory.

David Williams subsequently removed from South Salem, or Cortlandt's manor, to Livingstonville, in Schoharie county, New York, where he bought a farm of General Daniel Shays, and resided upon it until his death, August 2d, 1831. He left a widow, 4 sons and 3 daughters. He was the object of much regard, from the interesting historical event with which his name is associated; and the year before his death he became the guest of the city of New York. The bones of Williams have been recently removed from Livingstonville, Schoharie county, to Renselaerville, Albany County, wherp it is proposed to erect a monument to his memory. This is only doing justice to the good man's character; for his two companions, Paulding and Van Wart, have long ago been honored by a grateful public in the erection of monuments to their memories.

Edmund Ward, the former owner of the Somerville estate, was the only brother of the Hon. Stephen Ward. During the Revolution, Edmund appears to have sided with the loyalists, for which he lost his property under the confiscation act of 1782. His second son, John Ward, was an officer in the Loyal American regiment, "and entered (remarks Sabine) the military service of the Crown as early as 1776. During the war he was frequently in battle. The Loyal Americans went to New Brunswick, in 1783; and when in the course of that year the corps was disbanded, he settled at St. John as a merchant. He filled various public stations, and for many years enjoyed the appellation of " the father of the city." At the time of his decease, he was not only the senior magistrate of the city and county of St. John, but the oldest merchant and half-pay officer in New Brunswick. Mr. Ward was a gentleman of noble and venerable appearance.

The Loyal Americans went to New Brunswick, in 1783; and when in the course of that year the corps was disbanded, he settled at St. John as a merchant. He filled various public stations, and for many years enjoyed the appellation of " the father of the city." At the time of his decease, he was not only the senior magistrate of the city and county of St. John, but the oldest merchant and half-pay officer in New Brunswick. Mr. Ward was a gentleman of noble and venerable appearance. He died in 1846, in the ninety-third year of his age. His remains were taken to Trinity church, "where the impressive funeral service of the Church of England was read, and were subsequently interred in the new burial ground, a Abstract of Soles of Confiscated Estates, 13S.

THE TOWN OF EAST CHESTER.

followed to the grave by one of the largest and most respectable funeral processions ever seen in this city; including, in distinct bodies, the justices of the peace for the city and county of St. John, the Common Council of the city, headed by his worship the Mayor, and his honor the Recorder, the members of the legal profession, (the barristers being in their gowns), at the head of whom was his honor Mr. Justice Carter, supported by the Honorable the Attorney General and Solicitor General, the Grand Jury for the city and county, then attending the Circuit Court, and the officers and men of the New Brunswick regiment of artillery of St. John, as well as a vast concourse of other citizens, all anxious to pay the last sad tribute of respect to one who was so intimately associated with the early history of the country, &c."a

John, the Common Council of the city, headed by his worship the Mayor, and his honor the Recorder, the members of the legal profession, (the barristers being in their gowns), at the head of whom was his honor Mr. Justice Carter, supported by the Honorable the Attorney General and Solicitor General, the Grand Jury for the city and county, then attending the Circuit Court, and the officers and men of the New Brunswick regiment of artillery of St. John, as well as a vast concourse of other citizens, all anxious to pay the last sad tribute of respect to one who was so intimately associated with the early history of the country, &c."a

In the northern part of this town are situated the residences of the late James Morgan6 and William Silliman, Esq. Immediately north of the latter stood the old Tredwell mansion, the headquarters of Lord Howe, when the British army lay encamped in the vicinity. c

The farm of Mr. John Bates completes the northern boundary of this town.

Upon Hutchinson's River are situated the saw and grist mills of John Tompkins and Stephen Anderson. The latter gentleman, besides his mill, carries on a large rope and cord factory.

The general surface of Eastchester is hilly and somewhat stony, the soil chiefly consisting of a fertile loam ; there is, however, a good proportion of interval and meadow land upon the rivers. The town is well watered throughout, both by springs and streams. The growth of wood and timber resembles that of other towns in general j oak of various kinds, hickory, chestnut, white wood, ash, walnut and pine, &c.

The latter gentleman, besides his mill, carries on a large rope and cord factory.

The general surface of Eastchester is hilly and somewhat stony, the soil chiefly consisting of a fertile loam ; there is, however, a good proportion of interval and meadow land upon the rivers. The town is well watered throughout, both by springs and streams. The growth of wood and timber resembles that of other towns in general j oak of various kinds, hickory, chestnut, white wood, ash, walnut and pine, &c.

"Among" the most important minerals" of Eastchester ("in an economical point of view), may be ranked the dolomitic marble,** which occurs abundantly in various places, and is extensively employed as a building material. Pyroxene occurs every where in the dolomite.""

a Sabine's nist. of Anicr. Loyalists, GT3. 6 See genealogy.

c From John Tredwell this property passed to the late Capt. Joseph Skinner, who died October 80, 1S36, aged 70 years, d Dolomite, magnesiau "carbonate of lime, e Geological survey of the State, 1S40.

i

THE TOWN

GREENBUR G-IKD

In the Dutch language Grein, (Grain) burgh (borough or town.) literally the Grain town. In some of the early deeds called "Lawrence's Plantation," a name undoubtedly derived from one of its original proprietors.

At the period of the Dutch discovery, this town formed a part of the Indian territory of Wikagyl as laid down in the Dutch caste of 1 614.

The aboriginal name of the town itself was Weckquaskeck; afterwards varied to Weckqucesquesck and Wiequceshook ; in pure Algonquin, Weec-quas-guck, the place of the bark kettle." Opposite Tappaan. (says De Vries, in 1640,) lies a place called Wickquaesqueeck.

In some of the early deeds called "Lawrence's Plantation," a name undoubtedly derived from one of its original proprietors.

At the period of the Dutch discovery, this town formed a part of the Indian territory of Wikagyl as laid down in the Dutch caste of 1 614.

The aboriginal name of the town itself was Weckquaskeck; afterwards varied to Weckqucesquesck and Wiequceshook ; in pure Algonquin, Weec-quas-guck, the place of the bark kettle." Opposite Tappaan. (says De Vries, in 1640,) lies a place called Wickquaesqueeck.

Van Trenhoven describing the place remarks: " Wichquaesqueek, on the North River, five (twenty) miles above New Amsterdam, is a right good and suitable land for cultivation; contains considerable maize land, which the Indians planted, rising from the shore. In the interior the country is flat and mostly even, very abundantly watered with small streams and running fountains. This land is situate between two rivulets called Sintsinck and Armonck, lying between the East, and North Rivers. " Bedenkinge over het aenvaerden van de landeryen in N. Nederlant."''

To a large current of water which descends through the village of Dobb's Ferry and falls into the Hudson at the upper landing, the

a Schoolcraft's paper Prop. X. Y. Hist Soc. 1S44. In the Delaware language Wi-qui-Jeek, signitiis the head of a creek or run. See Essay of Delaware Indian and English spelling book for the use of the schools of the Christian Indians on Muskingum River, by Dau'l Leisberger. Miss, among Western Indinas, Phila., 1776.

b O'Callaghan's Ilist. N. N. p. 240.

To a large current of water which descends through the village of Dobb's Ferry and falls into the Hudson at the upper landing, the

a Schoolcraft's paper Prop. X. Y. Hist Soc. 1S44. In the Delaware language Wi-qui-Jeek, signitiis the head of a creek or run. See Essay of Delaware Indian and English spelling book for the use of the schools of the Christian Indians on Muskingum River, by Dau'l Leisberger. Miss, among Western Indinas, Phila., 1776.

b O'Callaghan's Ilist. N. N. p. 240.

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH.

Indians gave the name of Weghqueghe or Wysquaqua, by the English called afterwards Wickers creek or William Portugues creek.

At the mouth of this beautiful stream the powerful tribe of the Wichquaesqueeks, had erected a village which was standing in the time of Nicholas Johannes Visschers, (Nicholas John Visschers,) for in his map of Novum Belgium, published at Amsterdam, 1659," he calls it AYickquaskek, a name which was also applied to the surrounding lands as already shown. The site of this ancient village can still be traced on the neighboring banks by the numerous " Indian shell beds" which in some places are found to vary from two to three feet in depth. Another Mohegan village occupied the site of Tarrytown, called in the Algonquin, "Alipkonck," "Anneebikong ? " place of leaves or " rich foliage,"6 "Above Weckquaskcck, says Schoolcraft, was the village of Alipkonck, that is " a place of elms."c

On the map of "Novum Belgium" it is also styled Alipconck, which clearly shows it was standing in 1659.

The site of this ancient village can still be traced on the neighboring banks by the numerous " Indian shell beds" which in some places are found to vary from two to three feet in depth. Another Mohegan village occupied the site of Tarrytown, called in the Algonquin, "Alipkonck," "Anneebikong ? " place of leaves or " rich foliage,"6 "Above Weckquaskcck, says Schoolcraft, was the village of Alipkonck, that is " a place of elms."c

On the map of "Novum Belgium" it is also styled Alipconck, which clearly shows it was standing in 1659.

From the bark of the white elm (ulmus Americana) the Indian manufactured his light canoe. rf This tree is also celebrated for the elegance of its foliage.

As early as 1644 there were three entrenched castles belonging to the Weckquaskecks." One of these strong-holds was still remaining in 1663, and garrisoned with eighty warriors.

The first sachem of Weckquaskeck, of whom we have any account, was Mongockononc, who appeared in behalf of this place, A. D. 1644, at Fort Amsterdam.

This chief must have held his authority under the high sachem of the Mohegans, for on the 30th of August, 1645, we find Aepjen, chief sachem of the Mohegans, appearing in behalf of Wappinx, and Weckquaskeck, Sint Sincks and Kicktawom, before the Director General and Council at Fort Amsterdam/

It was Cushawashet or Wequashcook, whose original name was probably Wequashcuk, a Nehantee sagamore who assisted Uncas in guiding

a S sc eopy of Vlsscher's map engraved by Thomas Starling, Wilmington Square, London, 1833 ; from the original, in t lie possession of S. Converse, New York. 6 Schoolcraft's Ethnology. Oneota. c Proceedings of N. Y. His. Soc. 1844.

This chief must have held his authority under the high sachem of the Mohegans, for on the 30th of August, 1645, we find Aepjen, chief sachem of the Mohegans, appearing in behalf of Wappinx, and Weckquaskeck, Sint Sincks and Kicktawom, before the Director General and Council at Fort Amsterdam/

It was Cushawashet or Wequashcook, whose original name was probably Wequashcuk, a Nehantee sagamore who assisted Uncas in guiding

a S sc eopy of Vlsscher's map engraved by Thomas Starling, Wilmington Square, London, 1833 ; from the original, in t lie possession of S. Converse, New York. 6 Schoolcraft's Ethnology. Oneota. c Proceedings of N. Y. His. Soc. 1844.

d These canoes of bark were sewed together with thongs made from the dry sinews of the deer. One of them was capable of holding from twelve to fourteen men, or one hundred and flftv bushels of corn.

e O'Callaghan'a Hist. N. N: 299. An old Indian who had been cstptured by the Dutch at or near Greenwich. Conn., in 1643 " promised to lead them to Wetquescheck which consisted of three castles; sixtv-live men were dispatched under Lieut. Baxter and Pieter Cock, who found them empty-- though thirty Indians could have stood against two hundred soldiers, inasmuch as they were constructed of plank five inches thick, nine feet high and braced around with thick bark full of fort holes. Our pepole burnt two, reserving the third for a retreat.'' Journal Of New Netherlami, Doc. Mist, of N Y., vol. iv. p. 15.

Conn., in 1643 " promised to lead them to Wetquescheck which consisted of three castles; sixtv-live men were dispatched under Lieut. Baxter and Pieter Cock, who found them empty-- though thirty Indians could have stood against two hundred soldiers, inasmuch as they were constructed of plank five inches thick, nine feet high and braced around with thick bark full of fort holes. Our pepole burnt two, reserving the third for a retreat.'' Journal Of New Netherlami, Doc. Mist, of N Y., vol. iv. p. 15.

/ N. Y. Hist. Coll., lid series, vol , 270.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Capt. Mason and his force against the ill-fated Pequot Fort Mystic, 6th June, 1637.

Eighteen years later Oratam, chief of Hackinkiskacky, summoned the chiefs of Weckquaskeck before the Council. Upon the death of Mongockonone, (who doubtless fell in one of those Indian wars so frequent in that stormy period,) Poumpahowhelbsheln appears to have inherited the chieftainship. This individual sanctioned the sale of lands called Ubiequaeshook, to Petrus Stuyvesant, A.D. i64Q.a

The chief of Weckquaskeck in the year 1660, was Ackhongh, who is called the chief and counsellor of Weckquaskeck.

In 1663 we have the names of Toawenare, sachem of the same place, and Souwenaro his brother. Also the same year occurs the name of Schowmenarack. In 1680 the chiefs were Weskora, or Weskomen, and Goharius his brother. And one year later Wessickenaiuw, sachem of Weckquaskeck, and Conarhanded his brother.

The descendants of the aboriginal proprietors appear to have been very numerous in this town, A.D. 1731, nearly half a century after their last sale to Frederick Philips.

In 1663 we have the names of Toawenare, sachem of the same place, and Souwenaro his brother. Also the same year occurs the name of Schowmenarack. In 1680 the chiefs were Weskora, or Weskomen, and Goharius his brother. And one year later Wessickenaiuw, sachem of Weckquaskeck, and Conarhanded his brother.

The descendants of the aboriginal proprietors appear to have been very numerous in this town, A.D. 1731, nearly half a century after their last sale to Frederick Philips.

In 1746 there were two Indian villages situated in the vicinity of 'Hart's corners; one stood on the farm of Mr. James McChain, whilst the second crowned the summit of Indian Hill, the property of Mr. John Tompkins.

Even as late as 1755 the banks of the Hudson were thickly populated by the Indians, particularly south of Tarrytown in the vicinity of Mr. James Ackers.

The cruel murder of an aged warrior of this town, Sept., A. D. 1627, plunged the Dutch colony into a long series of wars. It appears that "one of the neighboring tribe of Wickwasqueeck Indians had come, with his nephew and another of his nation, to the Dutch fort to sell some beaver skins. He was met, unfortunately, by three of Minuit's farm servants, who not only rifled the Indian of his property but murdered him in cold blood.

The nephew of the unfortunate man, who was then a mere youth, was a witness to this outrage. He returned home brooding over the wrong, and vowed to take vengence when he should arrive at the years of manhood; avow he too faithfully fulfilled years afterwards, the Dutch having neglected to expiate the crime by a suitable present

He was met, unfortunately, by three of Minuit's farm servants, who not only rifled the Indian of his property but murdered him in cold blood.

The nephew of the unfortunate man, who was then a mere youth, was a witness to this outrage. He returned home brooding over the wrong, and vowed to take vengence when he should arrive at the years of manhood; avow he too faithfully fulfilled years afterwards, the Dutch having neglected to expiate the crime by a suitable present

a Pennekeck, sachem la Achtercol, stated cm the 16th of Julv, 1649, (before the Director and Council,) that the tribe named Uaritans, residing before at Wccquaskeck, had no sachem, ic. Alb. Bee. vol. vii, 252.

THE TOWN OF GREENI3URGH.

of wampum, in conformity with the customs of the red men, or punish the murderers, as justice and good policy demanded.""1

Sept. A. D. 1641, the boy had now attained the age of manhood. "His uncle's spirit was still unappeased -- his murder was unavenged. His voice was heard in the roaring of the storm -- in the rustle of the leaves -- in the sighing of the winds; and full of the conviction that that spirit could not find rest until vengeance should be had, the young Weckquaeskeeck sought for a victim to offer to the manes of the dead. Shrouding his evil purpose under the cloak of a friendly or business visit, he called at the house of one Claes Cornelisz Smits, the 'raad-maker,' an aged settler resident on the west side of the river, under pretence of making some purchases. The old man suspecting no harm, (for the Indian had been in the habit of working for his son,) set some food before him, and proceeded to get from a chest, in which it lay, the cloth which the other wished to purchase.

Shrouding his evil purpose under the cloak of a friendly or business visit, he called at the house of one Claes Cornelisz Smits, the 'raad-maker,' an aged settler resident on the west side of the river, under pretence of making some purchases. The old man suspecting no harm, (for the Indian had been in the habit of working for his son,) set some food before him, and proceeded to get from a chest, in which it lay, the cloth which the other wished to purchase. The moment he stooped, the savage seized an axe, struck him dead, and then withdrew, having rifled the house of all its contents.

" This aggression on an old and helpless man excited, when it became known, considerable feeling at Fort Amsterdam."6 " Director Kieft promptly demanded satisfaction from the chief"" of the Weckquaskecks. " But the sachem," who was doubtless Mongockonone, " refused to make any atonement. He was sorry that twenty Christians had not been immolated; the Indian had but avenged, after the manner of his race, the murder of a relative whom the Dutch had slain nearly twenty years before. On the receipt of this answer, armed parties were sent out to retaliate ; but they returned, having effected nothing."**

Aug. 29, 1641, it was proposed to wait " until the hunting season( when it was suggested that two expeditions should be got up; one to land in the neighborhood of the ' Archipelago,' or Norwalk Island -- the other, at Weckquaskeck."

He was sorry that twenty Christians had not been immolated; the Indian had but avenged, after the manner of his race, the murder of a relative whom the Dutch had slain nearly twenty years before. On the receipt of this answer, armed parties were sent out to retaliate ; but they returned, having effected nothing."**

Aug. 29, 1641, it was proposed to wait " until the hunting season( when it was suggested that two expeditions should be got up; one to land in the neighborhood of the ' Archipelago,' or Norwalk Island -- the other, at Weckquaskeck."

Notwithstanding the impatience of Kieft to attack the Weckquaskecks, he could not obtain the consent of his council until Feb. 18, 1642. Having now received their sanction, " he ordered Hendrick Van Dyck, ensign in the Company's service, who had been already over

a O'C'allaghan's Tlist. N. N. p. 105. On the 29th of August, 1641, the following proposals were made by the Director General and Council to the heads of families residing at and near New Amsterdam : " When the Indian warriors are absent on their hunting expeditions, then we may divide ourselves into two parties, one to land at Kapels and the other at Weckquaeskeeck and take them by surprise on both sides. The Director to supply as many negroes as he can spare, and arm them with a tommahawk and small half pike." Valentine's Manual, 1866, p. 537.

b OTallaghan's ITist. X. N. p. 240, l.

eO'Callaghan's Illst. N. N. p. 241. Journal van Nleuw Nederlandt, HoL Doc v. 314. De Vries corroborates the statements tn the text, d O'tallaghan's Di.-t. N. N. p. 242.

On the 29th of August, 1641, the following proposals were made by the Director General and Council to the heads of families residing at and near New Amsterdam : " When the Indian warriors are absent on their hunting expeditions, then we may divide ourselves into two parties, one to land at Kapels and the other at Weckquaeskeeck and take them by surprise on both sides. The Director to supply as many negroes as he can spare, and arm them with a tommahawk and small half pike." Valentine's Manual, 1866, p. 537.

b OTallaghan's ITist. X. N. p. 240, l.

eO'Callaghan's Illst. N. N. p. 241. Journal van Nleuw Nederlandt, HoL Doc v. 314. De Vries corroborates the statements tn the text, d O'tallaghan's Di.-t. N. N. p. 242.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

two years stationed at New Amsterdam, to proceed with a force of eighty men against the Weckquaskecks, to execute summary vengeance upon that tribe, with fire and sword."

To ensure complete success, the expedition was placed under the di rection of a trusty guide, who professed to be intimately acquainted with the homes and haunts of the savages. This party started in the fore part of March, and pushed actively forward towards the Indian village; but fortune favored the red man. The night set in clouded and dark ; and when the expedition reached Armeperahin,a Van Dyck called a halt, notwithstanding the entreaties of his men to push on, ere the savages should have warning of their approach. An hour and a half was thus lost ; the guide then missed his way, whereupon Van Dyck lost temper, and made a retrograde movement to Fort Amsterdam, whither he returned without having accomplished the object for which he had been detailed. The expedition, however, was not without its effect.

The night set in clouded and dark ; and when the expedition reached Armeperahin,a Van Dyck called a halt, notwithstanding the entreaties of his men to push on, ere the savages should have warning of their approach. An hour and a half was thus lost ; the guide then missed his way, whereupon Van Dyck lost temper, and made a retrograde movement to Fort Amsterdam, whither he returned without having accomplished the object for which he had been detailed. The expedition, however, was not without its effect. The Indians had observed, by the trail of the white men, how narrowly they had escaped destruction ; and therefore immediately sued for peace, which Cornelis van Tienhoven concluded with them, in the course of the spring" of 1642, "at the house of a settler named Jonas Bronk, who resided on a river to which he gave his name, situated east of Yonkers, in the present county of Westchester."

One of the conditions of the above treaty was the surrender of the murderer of Clas Smits, dead or alive ; a condition however which was never fulfilled, owing either to unwillingness or inability on the part of the Indians."6

"Feb. 7th, 1642, winter came ; and while the earth was yet burried in snow, a party of armed Mohawks, some eighty or ninety in number, made a descent upon the Weckquaskecks and Tappaen Indians, for the purpose of levying tribute.""

" At the approach of these formidable warriors of a braver Huron race, the more numerous but cowering Algonquins crowded together in despair, begging assistance of the Dutch. Kieft seized the moment for an exterminating massacre. In vain was it fortold that the ruin would light upon the Dutch themselves. In the stillness of a dark winter's night, the soldiers at the fort, joined by freebooters from Dutch privateers, and led by a guide who knew every by-path and nook where the

" At the approach of these formidable warriors of a braver Huron race, the more numerous but cowering Algonquins crowded together in despair, begging assistance of the Dutch. Kieft seized the moment for an exterminating massacre. In vain was it fortold that the ruin would light upon the Dutch themselves. In the stillness of a dark winter's night, the soldiers at the fort, joined by freebooters from Dutch privateers, and led by a guide who knew every by-path and nook where the

a Armeperahin, supposed to be the west branch of the Sprain river, which nows in the rear of Dobb'S Ferry. b O'CaUagban'a nist. N. x. p. 249, 50.

c O'Callaghan's Hisr. N. N. p. 264.--" I have been told," says Coldon, " by old men in New England, who remember the time when the Mohawks made war on their Indians, that as soon as a single Mohawk was discovered in the country, these Indians raised a cry from hill to hill, 4 A Mohawk 1 a Mohawk 1' upon which they all fled like sheep before wolves," without attempting to make the least resistance, whatever odds were on their side," Ac-- Col Jen's Hist. Five Xations, 3, 4.

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH.

savages nestled, crossed the Hudson," (into Pavonia, New Jersey, whither the" unsuspecting Weckquaskecks and Tappaens had fled from Manhattan,) "for the purpose of destruction. The naked and unsuspecting tribes could offer little resistance ; the noise of musketry mingled with the yell of the victims. Nearly a hundred perished in the carnage. Day-break did not end its horrors; men might be seen, mangled and helpless, suffering from cold and hunger ; children were tossed into the stream, and as their parents plunged to their rescue, the soldiers prevented their landing, that both child and parent might drown."11 Beside these, thirty more were murdered at Corlaers Hook, on Manhattan Island, while sunk in repose.

The naked and unsuspecting tribes could offer little resistance ; the noise of musketry mingled with the yell of the victims. Nearly a hundred perished in the carnage. Day-break did not end its horrors; men might be seen, mangled and helpless, suffering from cold and hunger ; children were tossed into the stream, and as their parents plunged to their rescue, the soldiers prevented their landing, that both child and parent might drown."11 Beside these, thirty more were murdered at Corlaers Hook, on Manhattan Island, while sunk in repose.

"This unjustifiable outrage led to consequences almost fatal to the Dutch. It estranged the Long Island Indians, the warmest of their friends, who now formed an alliance with the River Indians, whose hate knew no bounds when they discovered that it was the Dutch, and not the Mohawks, who had attacked them at Pavonia and Corlaers Hook. The tomahawk, the fire-brand, and scalping knife, were clutched with all the ferocity of phrensy, and the war-whoop rang from the Raritan to the Connecticut, for eleven tribes of savages proclaimed open war against the Dutch. Every settler on whom they laid hands was murdered -- women and children dragged into captivity ; and though the settlements around Fort Amsterdam extended, at this period, thirty English miles to the east, and twenty-one to the north and south, the enemy burned the dwellings, desolated the farms and farm-houses, killed the cattle, destroyed the crops of grain, hay, and tobacco, laid waste the country all around and drove the settlers, panic-stricken, into Fort Amsterdam. 'Mine eyes saw the flames of their towns,' says Roger Williams, 'the frights and hurries of men, women and children, and the present removal of all that could to Holland."b "The assassins," says Bancroft, "were compelled to desire a peace, which was covenanted with the River Ind ians the 2 2d of April, 1643." Tins was principally brought about by the Dutch Patroon de Vries, and not by Roger Williams, as some of the New England historians claim-"

Every settler on whom they laid hands was murdered -- women and children dragged into captivity ; and though the settlements around Fort Amsterdam extended, at this period, thirty English miles to the east, and twenty-one to the north and south, the enemy burned the dwellings, desolated the farms and farm-houses, killed the cattle, destroyed the crops of grain, hay, and tobacco, laid waste the country all around and drove the settlers, panic-stricken, into Fort Amsterdam. 'Mine eyes saw the flames of their towns,' says Roger Williams, 'the frights and hurries of men, women and children, and the present removal of all that could to Holland."b "The assassins," says Bancroft, "were compelled to desire a peace, which was covenanted with the River Ind ians the 2 2d of April, 1643." Tins was principally brought about by the Dutch Patroon de Vries, and not by Roger Williams, as some of the New England historians claim-"

This peace proved unsatisfactory, for we find the Indians again taking up arms.

15th Sept., 1643, it was resolved by the Dutch to renew the war, either by force or stratagem, against the River Indians/'

"A. D. 1644, some of the Stamford people having surprised an

o Bancroft's Hl8t tj. 8. ii. 2S9. 90.

b O't'alliiRhan's Hist. N. N. p. "70. Pliod Maml Hist. Rec. ill. 156. « O'Callaghan's Hist. N. N. p. 2T6. note. d O'Callaghan's Hist p. 2S5.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Indian village and taken some prisoners ; one of them an old man, proposed to the Dutch, in hopes ol obtaining a reward, "to lead any of thentroops against the Weckquaesqueecks, who are said to be entrenched in three castles, at the north. Lieutenant Baxter and Sergeant Cock were, thereupon, ordered to proceed under the guidance of this old man, with sixty-five men against this tribe.

N. p. 2T6. note. d O'Callaghan's Hist p. 2S5.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Indian village and taken some prisoners ; one of them an old man, proposed to the Dutch, in hopes ol obtaining a reward, "to lead any of thentroops against the Weckquaesqueecks, who are said to be entrenched in three castles, at the north. Lieutenant Baxter and Sergeant Cock were, thereupon, ordered to proceed under the guidance of this old man, with sixty-five men against this tribe. But this party was in no way more fortunate than those which had already gone on similar expeditions. They found the castles of the Indians formidable in construction, and well adapted for defence. They were built of five inch plank, nine feet high, and bound around with thick beams, and studded with port holes. Though it was calculated that thirty Indians could hold out, in one of these, against two hundred soldiers -- strange to tell, the whole were found uninhabited. The Dutch, thereupon, burnt two of these strongholds reserving the third as a point to retreat to, in case of necessity. From this place they next marched between thirty and forty miles further, but discovered nothing save a few huts."a

April 6, 1644, "The spring made our river Indians again anxious for peace, which was brought about by the intervention of Capt. John Underbill. " Mamaranack, chief of the Indians residing on the Kicktawano or Croton River ; Mongockonone, Pappenoharrow, from the Weckqueesqueecks and Nochpeem ; and the Wappings from Stamford, presented themselves, in a few days, at Fort Amsterdam ; and having pledged themselves, that they should not henceforth commit any injury, whatever on the inhabitants of New Netherland, their cattle and houses, nor show themselves except in a canoe, before Fort Amsterdam, should the Dutch be at war with any of the Manhattan tribes ; and having further promised to deliver up Pacham, the chief of the Tamkitekes, (who resided in the rear of Sing Sing,) peace was concluded between them and the Dutch ; who promised, on their part, not molest them in way."6

" Mamaranack, chief of the Indians residing on the Kicktawano or Croton River ; Mongockonone, Pappenoharrow, from the Weckqueesqueecks and Nochpeem ; and the Wappings from Stamford, presented themselves, in a few days, at Fort Amsterdam ; and having pledged themselves, that they should not henceforth commit any injury, whatever on the inhabitants of New Netherland, their cattle and houses, nor show themselves except in a canoe, before Fort Amsterdam, should the Dutch be at war with any of the Manhattan tribes ; and having further promised to deliver up Pacham, the chief of the Tamkitekes, (who resided in the rear of Sing Sing,) peace was concluded between them and the Dutch ; who promised, on their part, not molest them in way."6

The Fall of the same year, 1644, we find the "eight men," or council of the director, thus complaining to the Directors of the Dutch West India Company at home.

A semblance of peace was attempted to be patched up last Spring with two or three tribes of savages toward the north by a stranger,0 whom we, for cause, shall not now name, without one of the Company's servants having been present, while our principal enemies have been unmolested. This peace hath born little fruit for the common advantage and reputation of our lords, &cj for as soon as these savages had stowed

a O'Oallajrhau's ,iist. ff, n, 293. b O'Callaghau, p. 303. c Captain John underbill.

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH.

away their maize into holes, they began again to murder our people in various directions. They rove in parties continually around day and night, on the Island of Manhattans, slaying our folks, not a thousand paces from the forts; and 'tis now arrived at such a pass, that no one dare move a foot to fetch a stick of fire-wood, without a strong escort.*

a O'Oallajrhau's ,iist. ff, n, 293. b O'Callaghau, p. 303. c Captain John underbill.

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH.

away their maize into holes, they began again to murder our people in various directions. They rove in parties continually around day and night, on the Island of Manhattans, slaying our folks, not a thousand paces from the forts; and 'tis now arrived at such a pass, that no one dare move a foot to fetch a stick of fire-wood, without a strong escort.*

"The Spring of 1645 brought with it, as usual, another desire for peace, on the part of the River Indians. This was brought about by Kieft and his counsellor, La Montagne. To make suitable presents to the Mohegans or Mahicanders in token of the ratification of this peace, Kieft was obliged however to borrow money from Adriaen render Donck, Sheriff of Rensselaerswyck, afterwards Patroon of Colendonck, (Yonkers,) and others.6

On the occasion of this treaty, which took place 30th August, 1645, "Aepjen, chief of the Mohegans, spoke for the Wappinecks, the Wechquaesqueecks, the Sintsings, and the Kitchtawancks. These, with others, seated themselves, silent and grave, in front of Fort Amsterdam, before the Director General and his council, and the whole commonalty; and there, having religiously smoked the great calumet, concluded in ' the presence of the sun and ocean,' a solemn and durable peace with the Dutch, which both the contracting parties reciprocally bound themselves honorably and firmly to maintain and observe.""

The ratification of this important treaty terminated, and a re-establishment of good understanding with the natives commenced ; for, on the 14th of July, 1649, we find the Director General, Petrus Stuyvesant, pure! asing lands in this town, in behalf of the Dutch West India Company.

These, with others, seated themselves, silent and grave, in front of Fort Amsterdam, before the Director General and his council, and the whole commonalty; and there, having religiously smoked the great calumet, concluded in ' the presence of the sun and ocean,' a solemn and durable peace with the Dutch, which both the contracting parties reciprocally bound themselves honorably and firmly to maintain and observe.""

The ratification of this important treaty terminated, and a re-establishment of good understanding with the natives commenced ; for, on the 14th of July, 1649, we find the Director General, Petrus Stuyvesant, pure! asing lands in this town, in behalf of the Dutch West India Company.

"On this day, the date underwritten, appeared before the noble Lords, the Director General, and the council, Megtegichlcama, Oteyochgue, and Wegtakockken ; the right owners of the lauds lying on the North River of New Netherland, ou the east shore, called VfixquoLxkak, in the breadth through the woods, till a certain kd called Seiccgruc, diverging at the East River, from thence northward and southward to a certain kil called Recliawes, the same land lying betwixt two kils, one-half woods, and betwixt the North and East Rivers; so that the western half to the aforesaid is still remaining; and the other easterly half, with a south and north direction, middle through the woods, the aforesaid owners acknowledged; that with the consent of the chief Sachem, the y have sold the parcel of land, and all their oystcring, fishing, &c, unto the noble Lord Petrus Stuyvesant, Director General of New Netherland, for, and in consideration of certain parcels of merchandize, which they acknowledge to their satiso Hoi. Doc. in, 20c, 222.

"On this day, the date underwritten, appeared before the noble Lords, the Director General, and the council, Megtegichlcama, Oteyochgue, and Wegtakockken ; the right owners of the lauds lying on the North River of New Netherland, ou the east shore, called VfixquoLxkak, in the breadth through the woods, till a certain kd called Seiccgruc, diverging at the East River, from thence northward and southward to a certain kil called Recliawes, the same land lying betwixt two kils, one-half woods, and betwixt the North and East Rivers; so that the western half to the aforesaid is still remaining; and the other easterly half, with a south and north direction, middle through the woods, the aforesaid owners acknowledged; that with the consent of the chief Sachem, the y have sold the parcel of land, and all their oystcring, fishing, &c, unto the noble Lord Petrus Stuyvesant, Director General of New Netherland, for, and in consideration of certain parcels of merchandize, which they acknowledge to their satiso Hoi. Doc. in, 20c, 222.

V.ui.l.Tuodrk's Now Noth. X. V. Hist. Soc trans. (2 sor) 1st, 27 Vol. c O Callaghau's Hist, of N. N., Vol. I, p 356.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

faction to have received into their hands and power, before the passing ol these

presents, viz.:

6 Fathom cloth for jackets. 6 Ditto seawant (wampum.) 6 Kettles. 6 Axes. 6 Addices.

10 Knives. 10 Harrow teeth 10 Corals or beads. 10 Bells.

1 Gun.

2 lbs. lead.

2 lbs. powder. 2 Cloth coats.

Soc trans. (2 sor) 1st, 27 Vol. c O Callaghau's Hist, of N. N., Vol. I, p 356.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

faction to have received into their hands and power, before the passing ol these

presents, viz.:

6 Fathom cloth for jackets. 6 Ditto seawant (wampum.) 6 Kettles. 6 Axes. 6 Addices.

10 Knives. 10 Harrow teeth 10 Corals or beads. 10 Bells.

1 Gun.

2 lbs. lead.

2 lbs. powder. 2 Cloth coats.

In consideration of which, the before-mentioned owners do hereby the said land convey, transport, and give over, to the aforesaid (noble Lords the Director) General, and his successors, in full, true, and free ownership : To the said land, we the grantors, neither now nor hereafter, shall ever present any claim for ourselves, or our heirs and successors, desisting by these presents from all action, either of equity or jurisdiction, but conveying all the same to the said Director General and his successors, to do therewith as it may seem proper to them, without their, the grantors, or any one of them, molesting the grantee of the aforesaid land, whether in his property or his family. It is also agreed that the most westerly half, just as the Lord Director pleases, shall go with this for as many goods as in * * * * can be paid ; and they, the grantors, promise at all times to induce their rulers on the North River to talk the matter over, and not to sell to any without the knowledge of the Lord Director General ; the grantors promising this transport firmly, to maintain as in equity they are bound to do. Witness these presents, by them respectively signed in the Fort Amsterdam, in New Netherlands, this 14th day of July, A. D., 1649.

It is also agreed that the most westerly half, just as the Lord Director pleases, shall go with this for as many goods as in * * * * can be paid ; and they, the grantors, promise at all times to induce their rulers on the North River to talk the matter over, and not to sell to any without the knowledge of the Lord Director General ; the grantors promising this transport firmly, to maintain as in equity they are bound to do. Witness these presents, by them respectively signed in the Fort Amsterdam, in New Netherlands, this 14th day of July, A. D., 1649. "a

The mark of Ponupahan helbghelen.

The Mark of Wegtakochken.

The mark

The mark

a Alb. Rcc G. G. 222.

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH.

The sachems of this town subsequently committed further depredations, and probably armed several of the sixty-four war canoes that attacked and ravaged the country around Manhattan during the absence of Stuyvesant in 1 655."

For on the 6th of March, 1 660, we find Ackhongh, the chief and counsellor of Weecquacsqueeck, appearing in the city of New Amsterdam, before the Director General and Council, to treat for peace.6

On the 10th of July, 1663, during the .negotiation between Connecticut and the Dutch, a furious war was raging in the neighborhood of Esopus. The insurgent tribes were headed by five warlike chiefs, viz. : Pennyraweck, Sewekenamo, Wapperonk, Caelcop and Mekarowe, who threatened not only the extinction of the Dutch villages, but also their allies, the Weeckquaesqueeck' s. In dread of the threatened invasion, we find the chiefs of this town repairing to New Amsterdam on the 26th of July, 1663. "Souwenaro, sachem of Weeckquaesqueeck, came of his own accord, with his brother and asserted that he was warned by a Wappinger Indian, that the Esopus Indians intended to come down, within five or six days, with forty or fifty men to kill them, with the Dutch of New Harlaem and other places, and those of the New Village; he told them he, with his people, took therefore their flight near Harlaem.

In dread of the threatened invasion, we find the chiefs of this town repairing to New Amsterdam on the 26th of July, 1663. "Souwenaro, sachem of Weeckquaesqueeck, came of his own accord, with his brother and asserted that he was warned by a Wappinger Indian, that the Esopus Indians intended to come down, within five or six days, with forty or fifty men to kill them, with the Dutch of New Harlaem and other places, and those of the New Village; he told them he, with his people, took therefore their flight near Harlaem. He notified them of it, and why they came, so that those of New Harlaem should not be intimidated.

" He said, further, that he warned those at New Harlaem, and requested we would do the same to the people in that neighborhood, and warn those on the General's farm (Bowery)- Souwenaro also stated that his people were only eighty strong, which could bear arms, and that they had, consequently, left their fort at Weeckquaesqueeck, and had retired into the woods to defend themselves.""

This war with the Esopus Indians lasted till November, 1663, when a peace was concluded. In the Fall of the same year, Sept. 15, 1663, appeared in the fort, Schoumenarack, chief of Weeckquaesqueeck, soliciting for himself and his men to go fishing unmolested near the village of Harlaem, which was granted on condition that they shall not come with arms near the Dutch dwellings, and that it may be known, with full certainty, that they were his savages, and not some of Esopus ; so was delivered to him a seal (signet) of the Dutch Company, printed on wax, in small billets, which might be shown in meeting Dutchmen, on the day as above.

In the Fall of the same year, Sept. 15, 1663, appeared in the fort, Schoumenarack, chief of Weeckquaesqueeck, soliciting for himself and his men to go fishing unmolested near the village of Harlaem, which was granted on condition that they shall not come with arms near the Dutch dwellings, and that it may be known, with full certainty, that they were his savages, and not some of Esopus ; so was delivered to him a seal (signet) of the Dutch Company, printed on wax, in small billets, which might be shown in meeting Dutchmen, on the day as above.

o Bancroft's Hist. V. S. ii, p. 2tf9. b Alb, Rec xxi. p. <U1. c Alb. Rec. X.\i, 247.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Note. -- There were delivered to him eight seals, viz. : --

For those of Weeckquaesqueeck, whose chief is Sawwesach, four.

To Kitchtawangh, whose chief is Currupin, four.

Kiskingthing and Sint Sinck have no chiefs, but are considered to belong to those savages."

On the 2 ist of October, 1663, we find the chiefs of Weeckquaesqueeck united with those of Sint Sinck and Kitchtawang, in a war with the Dutch.6 The armistice of November appears to have restored tranquility. During the summer of 1662, "Connecticut purchased of the Indians, all the lands on the seaboard as far west as the North River."c Thus a second time was this territory ceded by the sachems of Weecquaesqueck. Upon the confiscation of the property of the Dutch West India Company, 15th of June, 1665, the New Netherlands passed to his Royal Highness, James, Duke of York; and these lands being within the province of New York, formed a part of the North Riding of Yorkshire. In consequence Connecticut ceased to hold any jurisdiction.

During the summer of 1662, "Connecticut purchased of the Indians, all the lands on the seaboard as far west as the North River."c Thus a second time was this territory ceded by the sachems of Weecquaesqueck. Upon the confiscation of the property of the Dutch West India Company, 15th of June, 1665, the New Netherlands passed to his Royal Highness, James, Duke of York; and these lands being within the province of New York, formed a part of the North Riding of Yorkshire. In consequence Connecticut ceased to hold any jurisdiction.

The next grantee under the sachems of Weecquaesqueeck, was the Hon. Frederick Philipse, of East Friesland, in Holland, who had emigrated to New Amsterdam at an early period. The first grant to Philipse occurs on the 10th of December, 1681.

INDIAN DEED OF PEKCANTICO.

"From the Indians Cobus, Oramaghquecr, Bctthunsk, Sjoghweena-men, Wenraweghien, Saijgadme and Togtquanduck, of all these lands beginning on the north side of a creek called Bisightick, and so ranging along said river northerly to the land<* of the said Frederick Philipse, and thence alongst the said land, north-east and by east until it comes to and meets with the creek called Neppizan, if the said creek shall fall within that line, otherwise to extend no further than the head of the creek or kill, called Pekantico, or Pueghanduck, and thence southerly alongst said river Nippizan, if the same shall fall within the said line as aforesaid, or else in a direct line from the head of the said creek called Bisightick, and from thence westerly to the head of the said creek Bisightick, and alongst the same to the North or Hudson's river, "« &c, &c. This purcliase embraced the north-west portion of the town, and a part of Mount Pleasant. It was attested by

"From the Indians Cobus, Oramaghquecr, Bctthunsk, Sjoghweena-men, Wenraweghien, Saijgadme and Togtquanduck, of all these lands beginning on the north side of a creek called Bisightick, and so ranging along said river northerly to the land<* of the said Frederick Philipse, and thence alongst the said land, north-east and by east until it comes to and meets with the creek called Neppizan, if the said creek shall fall within that line, otherwise to extend no further than the head of the creek or kill, called Pekantico, or Pueghanduck, and thence southerly alongst said river Nippizan, if the same shall fall within the said line as aforesaid, or else in a direct line from the head of the said creek called Bisightick, and from thence westerly to the head of the said creek Bisightick, and alongst the same to the North or Hudson's river, "« &c, &c. This purcliase embraced the north-west portion of the town, and a part of Mount Pleasant. It was attested by

W The mark of Wessickexaettw, sachem of Wesquaskeck. Witness the mark of O Clause the Indian./

a Alb. Rec.

6 Alb. Kec XViil, 440.

c Bancroft s 111st. U. S. ii, 312.

d This refers to a former purchase.

e Book of Pat. Alb. v. 5.4

J This individual appears to have acted as Interpreter upon this occasion.

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH

V The mark of GhOHABTOK for himself, Cobct and Togikjuaudcok.

W The mark of Wkamachaqceek.

Z The mark of Pktthtxnok.

O The mark of BjOOHXYBZN.

Witness the mark of O Clause the Indian./

a Alb. Rec.

6 Alb. Kec XViil, 440.

c Bancroft s 111st. U. S. ii, 312.

d This refers to a former purchase.

e Book of Pat. Alb. v. 5.4

J This individual appears to have acted as Interpreter upon this occasion.

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH

V The mark of GhOHABTOK for himself, Cobct and Togikjuaudcok.

W The mark of Wkamachaqceek.

Z The mark of Pktthtxnok.

O The mark of BjOOHXYBZN.

-- The mark of Weauaweghein.

| The mark of Sayjaenw.

Here follows a schedule or particular account of the wampum and other goods paid by Frederick Philipse for the said land :

10 fathom of duffils, 2 iron pots, 6 howes,

10 blankets, 5 earthen cans, 12 axes,

8 gunns, 12 steels to strike fire, 9 kettles,

7 shirts, 2 coopers' addz, 40 knives,

1 anker of rum, 2 half vatts of beere, Cbrass tobacco boxes,

25 lbs. of powder, 70 fathom of wampum, 6 coates,

10 bars of lead, 7 pair of stockings, 2 drawing knives.

The second sale to Philipse, embraces lands situated south of the former, bearing date the 13th of April, 1682.

INDIAN DEED OF NIPPIZAN.

"Beginning at the south side of a creek called Bisightick, and so ranging along Hudson's river, southerly to a creek or fall called by the Indians Weghquegsike. and by the Christians called Lawrence's plantation; and from the mouth of the said creek or fall, upon a due east course, to a creek called by the Indians Nippiran -- and by the Christians, Youncker's hill : and from thence along the west sid» of the said creek or kill, as the same runs to lands formerly bought."

"Beginning at the south side of a creek called Bisightick, and so ranging along Hudson's river, southerly to a creek or fall called by the Indians Weghquegsike. and by the Christians called Lawrence's plantation; and from the mouth of the said creek or fall, upon a due east course, to a creek called by the Indians Nippiran -- and by the Christians, Youncker's hill : and from thence along the west sid» of the said creek or kill, as the same runs to lands formerly bought."

In presence of Emient, sachem of Siapham,

Kicktawongh, Gohakis,

Conakhande, brother of Wassekanew, Teattanqi eb,

Abam AOiiyrEEB, WKARAyrAEoniEK.

A schedule or particular of wampum and other goods paid by Frederick Philipse to the Indians, the owners and proprietors of the above land.

100 fathoms of white

■wampum 12 fathom black ditto, 12 ditto of duffllls, 12 blankets, 12 kettles, 10 guns,

50 lb. of powder,

30 barrs of lead,

20 boxes.

12 shirts 2 ankers of rum,

12 pair of stockings, 2 1-2 vatts of beere,

30 hows, 3 drawing knives,

8 fathom of stroud water 2 coopers' addz,

cloth, 10 yearthen juggs,

8 coates, 10 axis," 50 knives,

a Book of Pat. Alb. v. 57.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

Upon the 6th of September, 1682, Frederick Philipse purchased of the native Indians :

INDIAN DEED OF WEGHQUEGHE.

" All that tract of land situate, lying and being on the east side of Hudson's river, beginning on the north side of the land belonging to the Younckers kill, or W epperhaein, at a great rock called by the Indians Sigghes," and from thenceranging into the wood east wardly to a creek called by the Indians Nepperha, and from thence along the said creek northerly till you come to the eastward of the head of a creek called by the Indians Weghqueghe, being the utmost bounds of the lands formerly bought of the Indians, &c, &c, attested by

" All that tract of land situate, lying and being on the east side of Hudson's river, beginning on the north side of the land belonging to the Younckers kill, or W epperhaein, at a great rock called by the Indians Sigghes," and from thenceranging into the wood east wardly to a creek called by the Indians Nepperha, and from thence along the said creek northerly till you come to the eastward of the head of a creek called by the Indians Weghqueghe, being the utmost bounds of the lands formerly bought of the Indians, &c, &c, attested by

WiRAMANHANCK, Esi'ARAMOGH, AnTIOOK,

Maeintighbo. Mightereameok, Sakissjenooh,

Aghwabowes.

The schedule of the goods, &c, &c, paid by the grantee.

4 guns, G pair of stockings, 2 ankers of rum,

4 fathom of wampum, 10 bars of lead, 4 shirts,

4 blankets, 3 kettles, 2 fathom of cloth,

G fathom of dufBls, 12 lbs. of powder, 1 adze.

1 drawing knife. 6

The last purchase made by Philipse in this town, (on the 5th of June, 1684.) includes the land situated between the Saw Mill and Bronx river, viz :

INDIAN DEED OF NEPPIRAN.

"All the tract or parcel of land, situate, lying, and being, to the eastward of the land of the said Frederick Philipse, between the creek called Neppirau, or the Younckers kill, and Brouck's river, beginning (on the north side) at the northerly bounds of the Younckers land, and from thence along the aforesaid creek Neppirau, however it runs, till you come to the most northerly bounds of the said Frederick Philipse's land, and from thence north-east into the woods, to Bronck's river, and from thence along Bronck's river so far as it runs southerly to the eastward of Younckers land aforesaid, and from thence with a westwardly line to the aforenamed Younckers kill or Neppiran, together with all the lands, Ac, &c.

"All the tract or parcel of land, situate, lying, and being, to the eastward of the land of the said Frederick Philipse, between the creek called Neppirau, or the Younckers kill, and Brouck's river, beginning (on the north side) at the northerly bounds of the Younckers land, and from thence along the aforesaid creek Neppirau, however it runs, till you come to the most northerly bounds of the said Frederick Philipse's land, and from thence north-east into the woods, to Bronck's river, and from thence along Bronck's river so far as it runs southerly to the eastward of Younckers land aforesaid, and from thence with a westwardly line to the aforenamed Younckers kill or Neppiran, together with all the lands, Ac, &c.

Sepham, Abradppamnt,

GnonARiN, Kawanghis, an Indian squaw,

KaKINSIGH, NlEl'AOK,

Enhoak, Kewightakin, Teatangoom .

a See Yonckers ; also Philipsburfrh Patent.

b Book of Pat. Alb. v. 64. This deed Includes the southern part of Greenburgh, from Um>

northern line of Yonkers to Dobb's Feery.

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH.

A schedule or particular of goods, &c, paid to the grantors.

130 fathom of white wampum, 12 guns,

14 fathom of duiflls

12 blankets, 8 coats, 6 kettles,

6 fathom of stroud water, 16 shirts,

25 lbs. of powder, 20 bars of lead,

10 spoons, 2 knives,

12 pair of stockings, 15 hatches, 10 hoes.

10 earthen jugs,

10 iron pots, 4 1-2 vatts of beere, 2 ankers of rimime, 2 rools of tobacco.0

The above sales covered the present township of Greenburgh, and subsequently formed a portion of Philipsburgh manor.

130 fathom of white wampum, 12 guns,

14 fathom of duiflls

12 blankets, 8 coats, 6 kettles,

6 fathom of stroud water, 16 shirts,

25 lbs. of powder, 20 bars of lead,

10 spoons, 2 knives,

12 pair of stockings, 15 hatches, 10 hoes.

10 earthen jugs,

10 iron pots, 4 1-2 vatts of beere, 2 ankers of rimime, 2 rools of tobacco.0

The above sales covered the present township of Greenburgh, and subsequently formed a portion of Philipsburgh manor.

These lands remained in the Philipse family, until the attainder of Colonel Frederick Philipse, A. D., 1779, when they became vested by forfeiture in the people of this State. Under the commissioners they were parcelled out for small sums, to the Van Tassels, Van Warts, Odells, Lawrences, Posts, Archers, Harts, Ackers, Dyckmans and Requas, former tenants of the manor in pursuance of the act of 1784. Many of their descendants still occupy the patrimonial estates in fee simple.

In the records of the Court of Sessions for this county appears the following memoranda:

"March ye 2d, 1692-3, Justice Mott did sweare John, Charles and Johannes Yeruckson, assessors for Weekersqueeke, and Barnt Whitt, •Collector."

The earliest entry relating to town officers occurs in the old town and manor book, entitled " the town and manor of Philipsburgh for to keep the town redesstors, 1742."

The first Tuesday in April, is chosen Abraham Martlinghs for the clerk of the town and manor aforesaid, at the town meeting, for chussen all other assessors in the town

"March ye 2d, 1692-3, Justice Mott did sweare John, Charles and Johannes Yeruckson, assessors for Weekersqueeke, and Barnt Whitt, •Collector."

The earliest entry relating to town officers occurs in the old town and manor book, entitled " the town and manor of Philipsburgh for to keep the town redesstors, 1742."

The first Tuesday in April, is chosen Abraham Martlinghs for the clerk of the town and manor aforesaid, at the town meeting, for chussen all other assessors in the town

In 1742, the first Tuesday in April is chosen four assessors for the manor of Philipsburgh, viz. : Joseph Geddenie and Gerret van Wart, jun. For constable and collector is chosen Jocqhem van Wart. Pound master is Elbert Airsse. Frederick Philipse appears to have been supervisor in 1752. The first independent election held in 1778, is thus recorded. " Being a memorandum of all the public officers appointed

a Book of Put. Alb. v. 79.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

and chosen at a town meeting held as usual on the manor, the 7th day of April, 1778, and in the second year of our independency."

Joseph Paulding, -- Supervisor. Joseph Reqcaw, -- Town Clerk. Peter Bant, -- Constable.

VZl ?t™ET' SEIH Overseers of the Poor. James Keqcaw, ) "

GERSHAM SnERWOOD,) A

Thomas Bcess, > Jissess°rs-

Within the township of Greenburgh are located several pleasant villages.

Hastings occupies a romantic situation on the east bank of the Hudson, at the mouth of a beautiful glen. The country rising above the margin of the river with great boldness, is luxuriantly ornamented with wood A steep descent leads to the village landing and hotel, from which extensive views are obtained of the Hudson. The winding streams that buries itself in the adjoining ravine, supplies valuable water privileges.

Within the township of Greenburgh are located several pleasant villages.

Hastings occupies a romantic situation on the east bank of the Hudson, at the mouth of a beautiful glen. The country rising above the margin of the river with great boldness, is luxuriantly ornamented with wood A steep descent leads to the village landing and hotel, from which extensive views are obtained of the Hudson. The winding streams that buries itself in the adjoining ravine, supplies valuable water privileges.

The advantages presented by the river, combined with the healthfulness of the situation, has rendered Hastings a favorite resort for New York citizens during the summer season.

The site of the present village nearly covers the old Post estate, formerly owned by Peter Post, who occupied it during the revolutionary war. The house (a small stone edifice) is still standing. Immediately subsequent to the revolution, this building was used as a tavern, and became celebrated as the rendezvous of cock-fighters, and hard drinkers. Since that period, it has been transformed into the present neat cottage.

On the east side of Edgar's Lane, (a continuation of the Albany Post Road,) stands the mansion of the late Anthony Constant, Esq., formerly the residence of William Edgar. It is a fine wooden edifice, surrounded by rich plantations of cedar, fir and locust trees; and, commands delightful views of the river, and adjacent hills. Judge Constant was the son of Col. Joseph Constant, and grandson of the Rev. Silas Constant, of York Town.

A. D. 1776, a skirmish took place in Edgar's Lane, between a body of Hessians, commanded by Lieut. Wurtz, and a troop of Sheldon's horse, under the following circumstances. Col. Sheldon having received information from his spies, that the enemy were preparing an incursion into this vicinity, left his quarters at New Castle, and -- led by Isaac OdelL a trusty guide -- followed the by-roads to this place, where he ascertained

Silas Constant, of York Town.

A. D. 1776, a skirmish took place in Edgar's Lane, between a body of Hessians, commanded by Lieut. Wurtz, and a troop of Sheldon's horse, under the following circumstances. Col. Sheldon having received information from his spies, that the enemy were preparing an incursion into this vicinity, left his quarters at New Castle, and -- led by Isaac OdelL a trusty guide -- followed the by-roads to this place, where he ascertained

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH.

from Peter Post, that the Hessians had not yet passed. Enjoining secrecy upon Post, the Colonel ambuscaded his horse in the adjoining cedars, which he had barely done, when the Hessians rode up and demanded of Post if he had seen the rebels. The Hessians, deceived by his answer, were proceeding in full gallop through the lane, when a shrill whistle rang through the air instantly followed by the impetuous charge of Sheldon's horse. Panic stricken, the enemy fled in every direction, but the fresh horses of the Americans carried their gallant riders wherever a wandering ray disclosed the steel cap, or the brilliant accoutrements of a Hessian. A bridle path leading from the place of ambush to the river was strewed with the dead and dying, while those who sought safety in the water were captured, cut to pieces or drowned. The conflict, so short and bloody, was decisive. One solitary horseman was seen galloping off in the direction of Yonkers, and he alone, wounded and unarmed, reached the camp of Col. Emmerick in safety. Here he related the particulars of the march, the sudden onset and retreat.

A bridle path leading from the place of ambush to the river was strewed with the dead and dying, while those who sought safety in the water were captured, cut to pieces or drowned. The conflict, so short and bloody, was decisive. One solitary horseman was seen galloping off in the direction of Yonkers, and he alone, wounded and unarmed, reached the camp of Col. Emmerick in safety. Here he related the particulars of the march, the sudden onset and retreat.

Astonished and maddened with rage, Emmerick started his whole command in pursuit. Poor Post was striped for his fidelity, and after having a sufficient number of blows inflicted upon his person, left for dead.

The late John Dusenberry, of Greenburgh, used to relate " that his father lived at one time on the Edgar farm in the old stone house, which was still standing in 1847. The fight between Sheldon's dragoons and Wurtz's chasseurs took place in the road north of Edgar's house, and between it and the old ferry house, which was afterwards occupied by Livingston's farm house. The combat commenced in the road, and continued easterly in the fields to which the yagers or Hessians fled."*

The lane, half a mile in length, has been since used as a race course. The former residence of Van Burgh Livingston, Esq., is agreeably situated near the river, a short distance north of Hastings. The estate is at present owned by Mr. Stephen Archer, who purchased it of Mr. Livingston.

The fight between Sheldon's dragoons and Wurtz's chasseurs took place in the road north of Edgar's house, and between it and the old ferry house, which was afterwards occupied by Livingston's farm house. The combat commenced in the road, and continued easterly in the fields to which the yagers or Hessians fled."*

The lane, half a mile in length, has been since used as a race course. The former residence of Van Burgh Livingston, Esq., is agreeably situated near the river, a short distance north of Hastings. The estate is at present owned by Mr. Stephen Archer, who purchased it of Mr. Livingston.

The remains of the ancient military fort at Dobb's Ferry, is situated a little south-west of the Livingston residence. The form of the embankment is somewhat in the shape of a horse shoe. From its elevated position, it overlooks the ferry beneath, and the magnificent scenery of the Hudson River. This fort appears to have been a post of great importance during the revolutionary war ; for it not only commanded the passage of the river, but also the opposite ferry to Paramus, on the Jersey shore.

o McDonald MSS., in possession of Geo. H. Moore, Esq,, of N. Y. nist. Soc. [Taper horse probably fought in the road and retreated southerly In that dlrecUon, while the foot fled for a&fety easterly to the hills and woods. F. McD.]

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

" On the 19th of Juh/,1781," (says Thatcher,) "the British frigates that passed up the North River, a few days since, took advantage of wind and tide to return to New York. A severe cannonade commenced from our battery, at Dobb's Ferry, where the river is about three miles wide. They were compelled literally to run the gaunlet ; and returned the fire as they passed, but without effect.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

" On the 19th of Juh/,1781," (says Thatcher,) "the British frigates that passed up the North River, a few days since, took advantage of wind and tide to return to New York. A severe cannonade commenced from our battery, at Dobb's Ferry, where the river is about three miles wide. They were compelled literally to run the gaunlet ; and returned the fire as they passed, but without effect. On board the Savage, ship-ofwar, a box of powder took fire ; and such was their consternation, that twenty people jumped into the river, among whom was a prisoner on board, who informs us that he was the only man who got on shore, all the rest being drowned. He reports, also, that the Savage was several times hulled by our shot, and was very near sinking."0

The remains of a second redoubt are still visible on the property of Frederick W. Paulding, Esq. The village of Dobb's Ferry, one mile north of Hastings, is prettily situtated on the rising hills of Greenburgh, opposite the northern termination of the Palisades and the village of Tappan. This place derives its present name from the ancient family of the Dobbs, who have been long settled here, and also from the fact that they were the early ferrymen. In the year 1698, there was living in this vicinity, " Jan Dobs en zyn huys vrou," (and his wife,) Abigail, both members of the Dutch church, Sleepy Hollow. Thomas, their son, was born on the manor, A. D. 1 7 1 2.

The village of Dobb's Ferry, one mile north of Hastings, is prettily situtated on the rising hills of Greenburgh, opposite the northern termination of the Palisades and the village of Tappan. This place derives its present name from the ancient family of the Dobbs, who have been long settled here, and also from the fact that they were the early ferrymen. In the year 1698, there was living in this vicinity, " Jan Dobs en zyn huys vrou," (and his wife,) Abigail, both members of the Dutch church, Sleepy Hollow. Thomas, their son, was born on the manor, A. D. 1 7 1 2.

September 20, 1729, occurs a record in the Church books at Sleepy Hollow, of a marriage between William Dobs, born in Philadelphia, and Lea Van Waert, a native of the same place. They were perhaps Swedes, originally from the Delaware. Jeremiah Dobs, former proprietor of the ferry, left issue by Jane le Vines, besides two daughters, two sons Jeremiah and Peter. Several sons of the latter are still living in Greenburgh.

The Indian name of this place as already shown was, Weec-quaesguck, literally "the place of the bark kettle." The aboriginal settlement appears to have been located at the mouth of the Weghqueghe or Wicker's creek, (William Portuguese creek). This beautiful stream arises from two distinct springs, situated on the lands of E. W. Waldgrove and Frederick B. Wilsie, both of which, running nearly west, unite soon after crossing the Albany post-road ; here, commingled, they flow through a rocky glen enclosed between high wooded banks. Passing under the arch of the Croton acqueduct, the waters again appear rushing over their stony bed until their further progress is checked by the mill dam. Here a pipe of nine hundred feet in length conveys the water to the neighboring mill, affording a fall of thirty feet to an overshot wheel.

Wilsie, both of which, running nearly west, unite soon after crossing the Albany post-road ; here, commingled, they flow through a rocky glen enclosed between high wooded banks. Passing under the arch of the Croton acqueduct, the waters again appear rushing over their stony bed until their further progress is checked by the mill dam. Here a pipe of nine hundred feet in length conveys the water to the neighboring mill, affording a fall of thirty feet to an overshot wheel.

a Thatcher's Military Journal, 259. See Heath's Mem. 76, 294.

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH.

In the vicinity of the upper clock, the ravine opens and displays a splendid view of the Hudson river. The road passing through the gap of the Greenburgh hills west of the Saw Mill Valley, follows the course of the ancient Indian path, which formerly led to the village of the " Bark Kittle" at the mouth of the Weghqueghe, or Wysquaqua Creek.

The lower landing and ferry are situated some distance south of the creek at the foot of a steep bank. Here is a neat hotel, kept by Mr. Shadrach Taylor, for the convenience of passengers by the ferry, and the daily steamboats that touch at this dock.

Dobb's Ferry was distinguished during the Revolution, as the scene of active military operations. To this fort, October 9, 1776, General Heath ordered Colonel Sargent, with 500 infantry, 40 light horse, Capt. Horton, of the artillery, with two 12 pounders, and Captain Crafts, with a howitzer, to watch the movements of the enemy up the river.**

Shadrach Taylor, for the convenience of passengers by the ferry, and the daily steamboats that touch at this dock.

Dobb's Ferry was distinguished during the Revolution, as the scene of active military operations. To this fort, October 9, 1776, General Heath ordered Colonel Sargent, with 500 infantry, 40 light horse, Capt. Horton, of the artillery, with two 12 pounders, and Captain Crafts, with a howitzer, to watch the movements of the enemy up the river.**

To this place the British army retreated after the battle of White Plains, closely followed by reconnoitering parties of the Americans. On the 7th of November, 1776, the enemy commenced foraging for grain and hay, and driving in cattle.6

On the 29th of January, 1777, General Lincoln's division of the Continental army was ordered to Dobb's Ferry."

This ferry was selected by General Arnold and Major Andre as the place of their first meeting. "Andre's letter to Sheldon, (observes Mr. Sparks, in his Life of Arnold,) when divested of its disguise, will be seen to have no other object than to communicate the intelligence that he should be at Dobb's Ferry at a certain time. He presumed the letter would be sent to Arnold, who would understand its meaning, and conduct his plans accordingly, and so it turned out. Arnold left home on the afternoon of the 10th, went down the river in his barge to King's Ferry, and passed the night at the house of Joshua H. Smith, who resided about two miles and a half from the Ferry, near the road leading to Haverstraw. Early the next morning he proceeded to Dobb's Ferry, at which place Andre had arrived according to his appointment, accompanied by Colonel Beverly Robinson, to whom the secret had already been intrusted by Sir Henry Clinton, probably at the suggestion, or at least with the knowledge of Arnold.

Arnold left home on the afternoon of the 10th, went down the river in his barge to King's Ferry, and passed the night at the house of Joshua H. Smith, who resided about two miles and a half from the Ferry, near the road leading to Haverstraw. Early the next morning he proceeded to Dobb's Ferry, at which place Andre had arrived according to his appointment, accompanied by Colonel Beverly Robinson, to whom the secret had already been intrusted by Sir Henry Clinton, probably at the suggestion, or at least with the knowledge of Arnold. An accident occurred which prevented the interview, and was near putting an end to the plot itself. ^Iien Arnold was approaching the point of destination by water, he was fired upon by the British gun-boats stationed in that part of the river, and so

a n> ath Mem. 69. b [bid. 84. c Ibid. 113.

HISTORY OF THE COUNffY OF WESTCHESTER.

closely pursued that his life was in danger, and he was on the point of being taken prisoner. By some oversight the boats had not been withdrawn, or it may have been expected that Arnold would come with a flag, which appears not to have been the case.

" Having landed on the west side of the river, he went down to the Ferry, where he remained till night. Whether Andre and Robinson were at the landing place on the opposite side, or whether they came up from New York in a vessel and remained on board, has not been ascertained; but, at any rate, no meeting took place.

By some oversight the boats had not been withdrawn, or it may have been expected that Arnold would come with a flag, which appears not to have been the case.

" Having landed on the west side of the river, he went down to the Ferry, where he remained till night. Whether Andre and Robinson were at the landing place on the opposite side, or whether they came up from New York in a vessel and remained on board, has not been ascertained; but, at any rate, no meeting took place.

"Not forgetting his accustomed caution, Arnold wrote a letter to General Washington while at Dobb's Terry. His passage down the river had been in so public a manner, that it could not fail to be known, and he feared suspicions might be raised concerning his motives and objects. Filling up the principal part of his letter with matters of some importance appertaining to his command, he said, as if accidentally, that he had come down to that place, in order to establish signals, which were to be observed in case the enemy ascended the river ; and also to give additional directions respecting the guard-boats, and to have a beacon fixed on a hill, about five miles below King's Ferry, which would be necessary to alarm the country. These reasons were plausible, and afforded apparent proofs of his vigilance, rather than grounds for suspecting any sinister design.

"Being foiled in this attempt to mature his scheme of treachery, he left Dobb's Ferry a little after sunset, went up the river in the night, and reached his quarters at Robinson's House, before morning. Andre and Colonel Robinson returned to New York."

Filling up the principal part of his letter with matters of some importance appertaining to his command, he said, as if accidentally, that he had come down to that place, in order to establish signals, which were to be observed in case the enemy ascended the river ; and also to give additional directions respecting the guard-boats, and to have a beacon fixed on a hill, about five miles below King's Ferry, which would be necessary to alarm the country. These reasons were plausible, and afforded apparent proofs of his vigilance, rather than grounds for suspecting any sinister design.

"Being foiled in this attempt to mature his scheme of treachery, he left Dobb's Ferry a little after sunset, went up the river in the night, and reached his quarters at Robinson's House, before morning. Andre and Colonel Robinson returned to New York."

When Arnold left Andre, (the day previous to his capture at Tarrytown,) after delivering the treasonable papers, "Andre (continues Mr. Sparks) supposed he was to be sent on board the Vulture, as will appear by the following extract, which he wrote after his capture. 'Arnold quitted me,' said he 'having himself made me put the papers I bore between my stockings and feet. Whilst he did it, he expressed a wish, in case of any accident befalling me, that they should be destroyed ; which I said of course would be the case, as, when I went into the boat, I should have them tied about with a string and a stone. Before we parted, some mention had been made of my crossing the river, and going another route; but I objected much against it, and thought it was settled-- that in the way I came I was to return.'

Whilst he did it, he expressed a wish, in case of any accident befalling me, that they should be destroyed ; which I said of course would be the case, as, when I went into the boat, I should have them tied about with a string and a stone. Before we parted, some mention had been made of my crossing the river, and going another route; but I objected much against it, and thought it was settled-- that in the way I came I was to return.'

" Arnold left him, and went up the river to head-quarters. Before he

a Spark's Life of Benedict Arnold, ISO, 181, 1S2. An account of the second lutervlew will be found in CortlauUtotvn.

THE TOWN OK GREENBUKGH.

departed from Smith's house, he urged Smith to go back with Andre- to the Vulture as soon as it should be dark ; yet the matter seems to have been undecided, for he wrote and gave to Smith two passports (dating them ' Head Quarters,') one authorizing him to go by water, and the other by land.

" The former was in these words: 'Joshua Smith has permission to pass with a boat and three hands, and a flag, to Dobb's Ferry, on public business, and to return immediately. ' ""

After the trial of Andre at Tappan, and his letters and those of Washington, as well as the proceedings of the board of examination, had been received by Sir Henry Clinton, then in New York, it was resolved by Clinton and a board of general officers, " That a deputation of three persons should proceed to the nearest American out-post, furnished with evidence to prove Major Andre's innocence, and to impart information which Sir Henry Clinton thought would place the question in a different light from that in which it had been viewed by the American board.

After the trial of Andre at Tappan, and his letters and those of Washington, as well as the proceedings of the board of examination, had been received by Sir Henry Clinton, then in New York, it was resolved by Clinton and a board of general officers, " That a deputation of three persons should proceed to the nearest American out-post, furnished with evidence to prove Major Andre's innocence, and to impart information which Sir Henry Clinton thought would place the question in a different light from that in which it had been viewed by the American board. The persons delegated on this mission were General Robertson, Andrew Elliot, and William Smith. They were accompanied by Beverly Robinson as a witness in the case ; and were fortified in their estimation, but weakened in reality, by a long explanatory and threatening letter from Arnold to General Washington. The commissioners went up the river in the Greyhound schooner, with a flag of truce, on the first of October. Notice of the intended visit and its objects had been already communicated by Sir Henry Clinton to Washington ; and when the vessel anchored at Dobb's Ferry, General Greene was there, having been deputed by Washington to hold the interview on his behalf. The person sent on shore by the British commissioners brought word back, that General Robertson only would be permitted to land, and that General Greene was then in readiness to receive him.

The conference was opened by Robertson, who paid some compliments to the American general, and expressed the satisfaction he had in treating with him, on an occasion so interesting to the two armies and to humanity. Greene replied, that it was necessary for them to know at the outset on what ground they stood : that he was not there in the character of an officer ; that he was allowed by General Washington to meet him as a private gentleman, but that the case of an acknowledged spy admitted of no discussion.

The conference was opened by Robertson, who paid some compliments to the American general, and expressed the satisfaction he had in treating with him, on an occasion so interesting to the two armies and to humanity. Greene replied, that it was necessary for them to know at the outset on what ground they stood : that he was not there in the character of an officer ; that he was allowed by General Washington to meet him as a private gentleman, but that the case of an acknowledged spy admitted of no discussion. Robertson said his design was to state facts, which he hoped would have their due weight, in whatever character he might be supposed to speak.

a Sparks' Life of Benedict Arnold, 209-W.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

He then entered largely into the subject, endeavoring to show, first, that Andre landed under the sanction of a flag ; secondly, that he acted wholly by the directions of Arnold ; from both of which positions it was inferred, that he could not in any just sense of the word be regarded as a spy. The facts having all been examined by the board of officers, and being well understood, this new statement of them made no change in Green's opinion or impressions ; and when Arnold's testimony was introduced, he said the Americans would believe Andre" in preference to Arnold. General Robertson said, that no military tribunal in Europe would decide the case of Andre to be that of a spy ; and he proposed to refer the question to Count de Rochambeau and General Knyphausen. Other considerations were urged by him, not so much in the way of argument as on the score of reciprocal benefits and humanity. He added that he should confide in General Greene's candor to represent in the fairest light to General Washington the arguments he had used; that he should stay on board all night, and hope in the morning to take back with him Major Andre, or an assurance of his safety."

General Robertson said, that no military tribunal in Europe would decide the case of Andre to be that of a spy ; and he proposed to refer the question to Count de Rochambeau and General Knyphausen. Other considerations were urged by him, not so much in the way of argument as on the score of reciprocal benefits and humanity. He added that he should confide in General Greene's candor to represent in the fairest light to General Washington the arguments he had used; that he should stay on board all night, and hope in the morning to take back with him Major Andre, or an assurance of his safety."

" The British commissioners waited till morning, as General Robertson had proposed ; and at an early hour they received a note from General Greene, stating that he had communicated to Washington the subject of the conference, but that it had produced no change in his opinion and determination. Thrs intelligence was astounding to Robertson ; for he had written to Sir Henry Clinton the evening before, that he was persuaded Abdre would not be harmed. How he got this impression is not easily discovered ; since he represented General Greene as obstinately bent on considering Andre as a spy, and resisting all his arguments to the contrary.

Nothing more could be done by the commissioners. That no measure might be left untried however, General Robertson"6 addressed the following letter to General Washington, dated

Greyhound Schooner, Flag of Truck, Dobb's Ferry, Oct. 2, 1780. Sir : -- A note I had from General Greene leaves me in doubt if his memory had served him to relate to you, with exactness, the substance of the conversation that had passed between him and myself on the subject of Major Andre. In an affair of so much consequence to my friend, to the two armies, and humanity, I would leave no possibility of a misunderstanding, and therefore take the liberty to put in writing the substance of what I said to General Greene.

Sir : -- A note I had from General Greene leaves me in doubt if his memory had served him to relate to you, with exactness, the substance of the conversation that had passed between him and myself on the subject of Major Andre. In an affair of so much consequence to my friend, to the two armies, and humanity, I would leave no possibility of a misunderstanding, and therefore take the liberty to put in writing the substance of what I said to General Greene. I offered to prove by the evidence of Colonel Robinson and the officers of the Vulture, that

a Sparks' Life of Arnold, p. 71, 2, 8. b Sparks' Life of Arnold, p. 275-6.

THE TOWN OK GREENBURGH.

Major Andre wont on shore at General Arnold's desire, in a boat sent for biin with a flag of truce ; that he not only came ashore with the knowledge and under the protection of the General who commanded in the district, hut that he took no step while on shore, but by the direction of General Arnold, as will appear by the enclosed letter from him to your Excellency. Under these circumstances I could not, and hoped you would not, consider Major Andre as a spy, for any improper phrase in his letter to you.

The hu ts he relates correspond with evidence I offer, but he admits a conclusion which does not follow. The change of clothes and name was ordered by General Arnold, under whose direction he necessarily was while within his command.

Major Andre wont on shore at General Arnold's desire, in a boat sent for biin with a flag of truce ; that he not only came ashore with the knowledge and under the protection of the General who commanded in the district, hut that he took no step while on shore, but by the direction of General Arnold, as will appear by the enclosed letter from him to your Excellency. Under these circumstances I could not, and hoped you would not, consider Major Andre as a spy, for any improper phrase in his letter to you.

The hu ts he relates correspond with evidence I offer, but he admits a conclusion which does not follow. The change of clothes and name was ordered by General Arnold, under whose direction he necessarily was while within his command.

As General Greene and I did not agree in opinion, I wished that distinguished gentlemen of knowledge of the law of war and nations, might be asked their opinion on the subject, and mentioned Monsieur Knyphauscn aud General Rochamheau. I related that a Captain Robinson had been delivered to Sir Henry Clinton as a spy, and undoubtedly was such ; but that it being signified to him that you were desirous that the man should be exchanged, he had ordered him to be exchanged.

I wished that an intercourse of such civilities as the rules of war admit of might take off many of its horrors. I admitted that Major Andre had a great share of Sir Henry Clinton's esteem, aud that he would be infinitely obliged by his liberation ; and that if he was permitted to return with me, I would engage to have any person you would be pleased to name, set at liberty.

I related that a Captain Robinson had been delivered to Sir Henry Clinton as a spy, and undoubtedly was such ; but that it being signified to him that you were desirous that the man should be exchanged, he had ordered him to be exchanged.

I wished that an intercourse of such civilities as the rules of war admit of might take off many of its horrors. I admitted that Major Andre had a great share of Sir Henry Clinton's esteem, aud that he would be infinitely obliged by his liberation ; and that if he was permitted to return with me, I would engage to have any person you would be pleased to name, set at liberty.

I added that Sir Henry Clinton had never put to death any person for a breach of rules of war, though he had, and now has, many in his power; under the present circumstances much good may arise from humanity, much ill from the want of it, if that could give any weight. I beg leave to add that jour favorable treatment of Major Andre, will be a favor I shall ever he intent to return to any you hold dear.

My mcmoiy does not retain with the exactness I could wish, the words of the letter which General Greene showed me from Major Andre to your Excellency. For Sir Henry Clinton's satisfaction I beg you will order a copy of it to be sent to me at N. Y. I have the honor to be your Excellency's

I beg leave to add that jour favorable treatment of Major Andre, will be a favor I shall ever he intent to return to any you hold dear.

My mcmoiy does not retain with the exactness I could wish, the words of the letter which General Greene showed me from Major Andre to your Excellency. For Sir Henry Clinton's satisfaction I beg you will order a copy of it to be sent to me at N. Y. I have the honor to be your Excellency's

Most obedient aud humble Servant, James Robeetson.

" This letter could have produced no effect, even if it had not arrived too late ; for it touched upon no points which had not already been examined and decided. The commissioners returned to New York."a

Andre was executed at 1 2 o'clock the same day.

" On the night of the 3d of August, 1781, about 1 1 o'clock, the British and American guard boats met in the river near Dobb's Ferry, when a considerable firing ensued ; the Americans had one man badly wounded, who died soon after. The damage sustained by the enemy was not known." August 7th, 1781, in the morning, about two o'clock, the

o Spark's LUe oi Arnold, 276.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

American army was awakened by the firing of cannon at Dobb's Ferry. It appeared that two of the enemy's gun boats had come upas high as the ferry, probably to endeavor to seize some vessels or boats. On finding they were discovered, they fired four cannon, but to no effect. Four cannon were discharged at the boats from the battery, on which they went down the river .a

o Spark's LUe oi Arnold, 276.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

American army was awakened by the firing of cannon at Dobb's Ferry. It appeared that two of the enemy's gun boats had come upas high as the ferry, probably to endeavor to seize some vessels or boats. On finding they were discovered, they fired four cannon, but to no effect. Four cannon were discharged at the boats from the battery, on which they went down the river .a

Besides the two redoubts, there must have been a military block house erected here; for on the 17th of March, 1781, we find Major Graham ordered out with a detachment of 150 men for its relief, on which occasion, the garrison on both shores were doubled6

Washington's diary informs us that on the 4th of July, 1781, Washington "marched and took a position a little to the left of Dobb's Ferry, and marked a camp for the French army upon our left." July 6, the French army formed "the junction with the American army on the ground marked out." "The American army was encamped in two fines, with the right resting on the Hudson River, near Dobb's Ferry. The French army stationed on the hills at the left, was a single line reaching to the Bronks river. There was a valley of considerable extent between the two armies."

Washington's object in taking the position on the Hudson River near Dobb's Ferry, was to be prepared to make an attack on New York city, and also from the apprehension of that attack to induce the enemy to withdraw a large portion of his forces from the south. In this he was successful ; and thus it was that he was enabled to defeat and compel the surrender of Cornwallis, and end the war.

There was a valley of considerable extent between the two armies."

Washington's object in taking the position on the Hudson River near Dobb's Ferry, was to be prepared to make an attack on New York city, and also from the apprehension of that attack to induce the enemy to withdraw a large portion of his forces from the south. In this he was successful ; and thus it was that he was enabled to defeat and compel the surrender of Cornwallis, and end the war.

By Washington's Orderly Book, July 6, 1781, written at Dobb's Ferry, Washington "embraces the earliest opportunity of expressing his thanks to Count de Rochambeau for the unremitting zeal with which he has prosecuted his march in order to form the long wished-for junction between the French and American armies. An event which must afford the highest degree of pleasure to every friend of the country, and from which the happiest consequences are to be expected."

The attack upon New York depended upon a large augmentation of the American army; waiting for that, Washington, with Rochambeau made extensive reconnoisances on the west as well as the east side of the Hudson River, starting from the headquarters at Dobb's Ferry."

The strategy to induce the British army to come out of New York was various. Among other movements it was contemplated to land a large

a Heath's Mem. 295. b Heath's Mem. 2T7.

c Washingtou's Life by Washington Irving, vol. 17, p. 304, 305, 306.

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH.

The attack upon New York depended upon a large augmentation of the American army; waiting for that, Washington, with Rochambeau made extensive reconnoisances on the west as well as the east side of the Hudson River, starting from the headquarters at Dobb's Ferry."

The strategy to induce the British army to come out of New York was various. Among other movements it was contemplated to land a large

a Heath's Mem. 295. b Heath's Mem. 2T7.

c Washingtou's Life by Washington Irving, vol. 17, p. 304, 305, 306.

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH.

28l

force at Tubby Hook, to take by strategy, Fort Washington, and thus induce the enemy to come out to succor that important point, when the American army would rush upon the enemy, defeat him and follow him into the city.

See Washington's address to Major-General Lord Sterling : --

July 14, 1781. >

" The party at Dobb's Ferry being for the purpose of erecting a work there ; they are not to withdraw for camp duty."

Washington, with a considerable body, accompanied by the distinguished French officers, about to make a most interesting recognoizance, left Lord Sterling in command at Headquarters, Dobb's Ferry, to defend which a work was to be erected.

During the period of about forty days, while Dobb's Ferry was the headquarters of the army, Washington addressed fifteen dispatches dated at that place. " Light troops and lancers had performed their duty in scouring the neighborhood. The refugee pests, which had desolated the country, were broken up ; most of the refugees," Washington says, "had fled and hid themselves in several places."

Washington, with a considerable body, accompanied by the distinguished French officers, about to make a most interesting recognoizance, left Lord Sterling in command at Headquarters, Dobb's Ferry, to defend which a work was to be erected.

During the period of about forty days, while Dobb's Ferry was the headquarters of the army, Washington addressed fifteen dispatches dated at that place. " Light troops and lancers had performed their duty in scouring the neighborhood. The refugee pests, which had desolated the country, were broken up ; most of the refugees," Washington says, "had fled and hid themselves in several places."

Irving, referring to the locations of the two armies at Dobb's Ferry, says: "The French encampment made a gallant display along the Greenburgh hills. Some of the officers took a pride in decorating their tents, and forming little gardens in their vicinity."

Upon the suspension of hostilities, May 3, 1783, General Washington, His Fxccllency, Governor Clinton, and General Sir Guy Tarlton, (the British commander,) and their respective suites, met here. The two former came down the river in barges; the latter ascended the river in a frigate. Four companies of light infantry performed the duty of guards on this memorable occasion.6

Near the junction of the Albany Post, and Saw Mill river road, is situated the Presbyterian church, sometimes called, by way of distinction, the lower Greenburgh church. This society was organized on the nth of April, 1825. Present at its first meeting of the clergy, the Rev. Samuel Robertson, Rev. Mr. Weeks, and the Rev. Mr. Wells of New Rochelle. Of the members, Perez Jones, Peter Nodine, James Odell, Elizabeth Lefurge, Van Burgh Livingston and Harriett Livingston.

Near the junction of the Albany Post, and Saw Mill river road, is situated the Presbyterian church, sometimes called, by way of distinction, the lower Greenburgh church. This society was organized on the nth of April, 1825. Present at its first meeting of the clergy, the Rev. Samuel Robertson, Rev. Mr. Weeks, and the Rev. Mr. Wells of New Rochelle. Of the members, Perez Jones, Peter Nodine, James Odell, Elizabeth Lefurge, Van Burgh Livingston and Harriett Livingston.

a Ditto, vol.iv, p. 304.

b "The tour of duty having fallen to our regiment, we marched from Nelson's point, on the 9*U», crossed the river at King's Ferry, and ou the 25th, encamped near the block house at this place." August 6th ; " flags were passing and repassing from this post to New York and back, every day." Thatcher's iiil. Journal, 310.

282 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

This edifice was erected, A. D. 1827. Principal contributor, Van Burgh Livingston, Elder of the church.

The Episcopal parish of Greenburgh was first organized by the Rev. Alexander H. Crosby, in 1833. St John's church, Yonkers, having for nearly seventy years previously, constituted the only benefice in the manor of Philipsburgh. On the 31st of August, 1833, the church was incorporated under the name and title of " The Rector, Church- wardens, and Vestrymen of Zion church, in the town of Greenburgh." "Joseph Howland and Oscar Irving, Church-wardens ; Van Burgh Livingston, Anthony Constant, William Waring, Cornelius M. Odell, Adam Storms and Everet Brown, Vestrymen."*

Crosby, in 1833. St John's church, Yonkers, having for nearly seventy years previously, constituted the only benefice in the manor of Philipsburgh. On the 31st of August, 1833, the church was incorporated under the name and title of " The Rector, Church- wardens, and Vestrymen of Zion church, in the town of Greenburgh." "Joseph Howland and Oscar Irving, Church-wardens ; Van Burgh Livingston, Anthony Constant, William Waring, Cornelius M. Odell, Adam Storms and Everet Brown, Vestrymen."*

Zion church stands upon the highest ground in the village of Dobb's Ferry, near the Albany Post-road. The wonderfully extensive views which this elevated spot commands on every side, are better seen than described. This edifice has been almost wholly rebuilt and enlarged to three times its original size, during the past year, and was consecrated on the 24th of July, 1854, by the late Rt. Rev. the Provisional Bishop of the Diocese.

Zion Church, Lower Greenburgh, (Enlarged).

LIST OF RECTORS. 1833, Rev. Alex. H. Crosby, A M. 183G, Rev. Wm. Craigiiton, D. D.

1851, Rev. W. E. Heyer.

1852, Rev. Wm. A. McVickeb, A. M. 18G0, Rev. I. H. Williams.

1865, Rev. Geo. B. Reese, Present.

a County Rec. R. Society, Liber. B., p. 17. Day of election, Easter Tuesday.

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH.

" The ground which it occupies was the gift of Van Burgh Livingston, Esq. The foundation of the old edifice was laid as we have seen in 1833, and the church consecrated to the service of Almighty God, on Tuesday, the 20th of May, 1834, by Bishop Onderdonk. There are two or three interments in the grave-yard, surrounding the church, of members belonging to the Noble, Bowdoin and Irving families.

Day of election, Easter Tuesday.

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH.

" The ground which it occupies was the gift of Van Burgh Livingston, Esq. The foundation of the old edifice was laid as we have seen in 1833, and the church consecrated to the service of Almighty God, on Tuesday, the 20th of May, 1834, by Bishop Onderdonk. There are two or three interments in the grave-yard, surrounding the church, of members belonging to the Noble, Bowdoin and Irving families.

In July, 1S66, a dwelling house with about an acre of land on the south-east of the church property and immediately adjoining, was purchased as a rectory, for $7,900.

In April, 1867, the vestry received a deed from the executors of Robert B. Mintum, of certain lots in the village of Hastings, where a service on Sunday afternoons had been for years maintained, to enable them to erect a chapel, nearly $Soo for the purpose had already been donated by Admiral Farragut, being the first fruits of his prize money. His widow has since presented a handsome marble font.

The corner stone of Zion chapel was laid by the Rector of Zion church, on the 2d of Oct , 1867, and the building was occupied for Divine service the following summer. The chapel is a frame, gothic structure, and will seat 300 persons, and cost over $5,000. There was no debt upon it.

In the year 1869, the Parish church was again enlarged, by the addition of a recess-chapel with organ and vestry room, and the church was repaired throughout. The improvements cost $8,000, all paid for.

The corner stone of Zion chapel was laid by the Rector of Zion church, on the 2d of Oct , 1867, and the building was occupied for Divine service the following summer. The chapel is a frame, gothic structure, and will seat 300 persons, and cost over $5,000. There was no debt upon it.

In the year 1869, the Parish church was again enlarged, by the addition of a recess-chapel with organ and vestry room, and the church was repaired throughout. The improvements cost $8,000, all paid for.

In 1878, the Rectory was remodelled and improved at an expense of $1,500.

At Dearman's, now Irvington, was erected a building chapelwise, so as to be used separately as a school, or treated as a church. 'When needed for worship, the whole becomes a church.

The dedication of the chapel school of St. Barnabas took place on Saturday, June nth, 1853, the festival of St. Barnabas. The following particulars touching the origin of its free scholarship, may not be without interest in showing how a good scheme prospers under God's blessing.

From a friend interested in the village of Irvington, came its first landed endowment, viz : The two village lots, (50 feet by 100) with two adjoining gores, on which the building stands; the gift of one bearing an honored name, the grandson and name-sake of the friend, companion and counsellor of Washington, a name and gift now perpetuated in the 'John Jay Scholarship.' A second bears in its name an equal national rank and character, viz: the 'Alexander Hamilton Scholarship,' through the kindness of the grandson and name-sake of that eminent leader in Washington's counsels and framer of our country's policy. A

From a friend interested in the village of Irvington, came its first landed endowment, viz : The two village lots, (50 feet by 100) with two adjoining gores, on which the building stands; the gift of one bearing an honored name, the grandson and name-sake of the friend, companion and counsellor of Washington, a name and gift now perpetuated in the 'John Jay Scholarship.' A second bears in its name an equal national rank and character, viz: the 'Alexander Hamilton Scholarship,' through the kindness of the grandson and name-sake of that eminent leader in Washington's counsels and framer of our country's policy. A

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

third bears also the name of the ' John Bard Scholarship,' the first contributor of funds to aid in the erection of the school. A fourth scholarship bears the well-known name of its earliest country contributor, a name as world-wide in literary reputation, as it is dear to his friends : the 'Washington Irving Scholarship.' A fifth bears the name of a most liberal and kind contributor to all good works : the ' Robert B. Minturn Schotarship.' A sixth that of the 'Franklin C. Field Scholarship,' in return for the gift of two village lots. And a seventh that of the 'Trinity Church Scholarship,' in memory of its liberal grant of $1,000.

To these free scholarships, the nomination under the rules of the school, is in the hands of those whose names they respectively bear, for life, or descending to heirs according to the amount of endowment.

A fourth scholarship bears the well-known name of its earliest country contributor, a name as world-wide in literary reputation, as it is dear to his friends : the 'Washington Irving Scholarship.' A fifth bears the name of a most liberal and kind contributor to all good works : the ' Robert B. Minturn Schotarship.' A sixth that of the 'Franklin C. Field Scholarship,' in return for the gift of two village lots. And a seventh that of the 'Trinity Church Scholarship,' in memory of its liberal grant of $1,000.

To these free scholarships, the nomination under the rules of the school, is in the hands of those whose names they respectively bear, for life, or descending to heirs according to the amount of endowment.

In addition to the above private scholarship, nine further are provided, as "on the foundation," to which the nomination lies jointly in the "Visitor," the "Missionary" and the "Principal" of the school ; the object of these last being to provide gratuitous instruction for such as need it in the neighborhood, without the reproachful distinction of being received in forma pauperis.

Chapel School and Parsonage of St. Barnabas.

LIST OF RECTORS.

May 21, 1859, Rev. Wm. McVickek, D.D., resigned May 4, 1867. Aug. 22, 1867, Rev. Wm. Henry Benjamin, B.A., Present incumbent.

This parish was incorporated in 1858. On the 1st of May, 1S52, the Rev. Wm. A. McVicker, D.D., was appointed by Bishop Wainright. missionary to Dearmans now Irvington and parts adjacent. The corner

RESIDENCE OF WASHINGTON IRVING. SUNSYSIDB.

In addition to the above private scholarship, nine further are provided, as "on the foundation," to which the nomination lies jointly in the "Visitor," the "Missionary" and the "Principal" of the school ; the object of these last being to provide gratuitous instruction for such as need it in the neighborhood, without the reproachful distinction of being received in forma pauperis.

Chapel School and Parsonage of St. Barnabas.

LIST OF RECTORS.

May 21, 1859, Rev. Wm. McVickek, D.D., resigned May 4, 1867. Aug. 22, 1867, Rev. Wm. Henry Benjamin, B.A., Present incumbent.

This parish was incorporated in 1858. On the 1st of May, 1S52, the Rev. Wm. A. McVicker, D.D., was appointed by Bishop Wainright. missionary to Dearmans now Irvington and parts adjacent. The corner

RESIDENCE OF WASHINGTON IRVING. SUNSYSIDB.

1, 985.

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH.

stone of the present chapel school was laid in August, 1S52, and the building opened for divine service in May, 1853. On the 1 ith of June, 1864, the enlarged church building was consecrated by Bishop Potter.

Immediately in the vicinity of Dobb's Ferry, and contiguous to the river, is the residence and estate of James A. Hamilton, Esq., son of the Hon. Alexander Hamilton. The house which commands a fine view of the river, contains among other valuable family relics, the original portrait of General Washington, painted by Stewart for the Hon. Alexander Hamilton j after his death it remained in the possession of Mrs. Hamilton, upon whose decease it passed into the hands of her son -- the present owner. The Hamilton estate formerly belonged to the Odell family. Jonathan Odell, father of the destinguished Colonel John Odell, was residing here in the Autumn of 1776, when the British army, after retiring from White Plains, encamped in the neighborhood.

The house which commands a fine view of the river, contains among other valuable family relics, the original portrait of General Washington, painted by Stewart for the Hon. Alexander Hamilton j after his death it remained in the possession of Mrs. Hamilton, upon whose decease it passed into the hands of her son -- the present owner. The Hamilton estate formerly belonged to the Odell family. Jonathan Odell, father of the destinguished Colonel John Odell, was residing here in the Autumn of 1776, when the British army, after retiring from White Plains, encamped in the neighborhood.

The enemy, upon their final retreat to New York, arrested Mr. Odell and four of his neighbors as prisoners of war. On their arrival in the city, they were consigned to the provost. Here four of them died of poison, said to have been administered in their food. Jonathan Odell escaped through the kindness of a friend, who daily brought him provisions. Each of the sufferers had sons in the Continental army, which was the cause of this inhuman treatment.

Bordering the river 111 the same vicinity, about two miles south of Tarrytown, a winding lane leads to Sunny Side, the residence of the Hon. Washington Irving. "There is scarcely (observes Mr. Downing,) a building or place more replete with interest in America than the cottage of Washington Irving, near Tarrytown. The legend of Sleepy Hollow, so delightfully told in the sketch book, has made every one acquainted with his neighborhood; and especially with the site of the present building there celebrated as the 'Van Tassel House,' one of the most secluded and delightful nooks on the banks of the Hudson. With characteristic taste, Mr. Irving has chosen this spot -- the haunt of his early days, since rendered classic ground by his elegant pen -- and made it his permanent residence.

The legend of Sleepy Hollow, so delightfully told in the sketch book, has made every one acquainted with his neighborhood; and especially with the site of the present building there celebrated as the 'Van Tassel House,' one of the most secluded and delightful nooks on the banks of the Hudson. With characteristic taste, Mr. Irving has chosen this spot -- the haunt of his early days, since rendered classic ground by his elegant pen -- and made it his permanent residence. The house of 'Baltus Van Tassel,' has been altered and rebuilt in a quaint style, partaking somewhat of the English cottage mode, but retaining strongly marked symptoms of its Dutch origin. The quaint old weathercocks and finials, the crow stepped gables and the hall paved with Dutch tiles, are among the ancient and venerable ornaments of the houses of the original settlers of Manhattan, now almost extinct among us. There is also a quaint keeping in the cottage, and grounds around it, that assists in making up the chain of the whole ; the gently swelling slope reaching down to the water's edge, bordered by pret-

286 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

tily wooded ravines, through which a brook meanders pleasantly, and threaded by foot paths, ingeniously contrived -- so as sometimes to afford secluded walks, and at others to allow fine vistas of the broad expanse of river scenery."*1

Over the porch, is the following inscription :

£rrrtc&

JUtt0 1 650,

H)a$l)t!t(jt0it Jruing,

JUttUl835.

Geo. Hakvey, Architect.

There is also a quaint keeping in the cottage, and grounds around it, that assists in making up the chain of the whole ; the gently swelling slope reaching down to the water's edge, bordered by pret-

286 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

tily wooded ravines, through which a brook meanders pleasantly, and threaded by foot paths, ingeniously contrived -- so as sometimes to afford secluded walks, and at others to allow fine vistas of the broad expanse of river scenery."*1

Over the porch, is the following inscription :

£rrrtc&

JUtt0 1 650,

H)a$l)t!t(jt0it Jruing,

JUttUl835.

Geo. Hakvey, Architect.

Above the peaked turret of the portal, glitters a horse at full gallop, once the weathercock of the great Van der Hyden palace at Albany; the other, upon the eastern gable, formerly surmounted the Stadt House of New Amsterdam.

The interrior is in perfect harmony with the exterior design of this quaint and venerable edifice. In the library are preserved the elbow chair and writing desk of Diedrich Knickerbocker.

The " Van Tassel House" occupies the site of "Wolfert's Roost," which was built by Wolfert Ecker, an ancient Dutch burgher of this town.

In 1697, we find recorded the name of Jan Ecker, first accepted deacon of the Dutch Church, Sleepy Hollow, which office he appears to have held for several years. By his wife Magdelentje, Jan Ecker left issue, Wolfert, Cornelis and others.

The will of Wolfert Ecker, bears date 1753, "wherein he bequeaths to his son Stephen, a cow, or the worth thereof, more than the o,thers, for his birth right ; and to the child of his grand-son, Wolfert Ecker, son of Sybout, twenty shillings, beside other bequests to the remainder of his children, viz.: Sybout, Abram and Maretje."& A branch of this family still resides in the neighborhood.

By his wife Magdelentje, Jan Ecker left issue, Wolfert, Cornelis and others.

The will of Wolfert Ecker, bears date 1753, "wherein he bequeaths to his son Stephen, a cow, or the worth thereof, more than the o,thers, for his birth right ; and to the child of his grand-son, Wolfert Ecker, son of Sybout, twenty shillings, beside other bequests to the remainder of his children, viz.: Sybout, Abram and Maretje."& A branch of this family still resides in the neighborhood. From the Eckers, this property passed by marriage to the gallant family of the Van Tassels, who figure so conspicuously in the writings of Diedrich Knickerbocker.

a Downincr's Rural Architecture, 385.

b Beo. Bui fogate'a oiiic, N. Y. lib. xix. 29.

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH.

During the stormy period of the revolution, it belonged to "Jacob Van Tassel, or Van Taxel, as the name was originally spelt, after the place in Holland, which gave birth to this heroic line." The following graphic sketch of the exploits of this redoubtable hero, is taken from the chrenicle of the Roost :

"The situation of the Roost is in the very heart of what was the debateablc ground between the American and British lines, during the war. The British held possession of the city of New York, and the island of Manhattan, on which it stands. The Americans drew up towards the highlands, holding their headquarters at Peekskill. The intervening country, from Crotou River to Spiting Devil Creek, was the debateable land, subject to be harried by friend anil foe, like the Scottish borders of yore. It is a rugged country, with a line of rocky hills extending through it like a back bone, sending ribs on either side ; but among these rude hills are beautiful winding valleys, like those watered by the Pocautico and the Neperan.

The Americans drew up towards the highlands, holding their headquarters at Peekskill. The intervening country, from Crotou River to Spiting Devil Creek, was the debateable land, subject to be harried by friend anil foe, like the Scottish borders of yore. It is a rugged country, with a line of rocky hills extending through it like a back bone, sending ribs on either side ; but among these rude hills are beautiful winding valleys, like those watered by the Pocautico and the Neperan. In the fastnesses of these hills, and along these valleys, exist a race of hard-headed, hard-handed stout-hearted Dutchmen, descended of the primitive Netherlanders. Most of these were strong whigs throughout the war, and have ever remained obstinately attached to the soil, and neither to be fought nor bought out of their paternal acres. Others were tories, and adherents to the old kingly rule ; some of whom took refuge within the British lines, joined the royal bands of refugees, (a name odious to the American ear,) and occasionally returned to harrass their ancient neighbors.

" In a little while, this debateable land was overrun by predatory bands from either side ; sacking heu-hoosts, plundering farm-houses, and driving off cattle. Hence arose those two great orders of border chivalry, the Skinners and the Cow Boys, famous in the heroic annals of Westchester county. The former fought, or, rather, marauded under the American, the latter undei the British banner ; but both, in the hurry of their military ardor, were apt to err on the safe side, and rob friend as well as foe. Neither of them stopped to ask the politics of horse or cow, which they drove into captivity ; nor, when they wrung the neck of a rooster, did they trouble their heads to ascertain whether he were crowing for Congress or King George.

The former fought, or, rather, marauded under the American, the latter undei the British banner ; but both, in the hurry of their military ardor, were apt to err on the safe side, and rob friend as well as foe. Neither of them stopped to ask the politics of horse or cow, which they drove into captivity ; nor, when they wrung the neck of a rooster, did they trouble their heads to ascertain whether he were crowing for Congress or King George.

"While this marauding system prevailed on shore, the Great Tappan Sea, which washes this belligerent region, was domineered over by British frigates and other vessels of war, anchored here and there, to keep an eye upon the river, and maintain a communication between the various military posts. Stout galleys, also armed with eighteen pounders, and navigated with sails and oars, cruised about like hawks, ready to pounce upon their prey.

All these were eyed with bitter hostility by the Dutch yeomanry along shore, who were indignant at seeing their great Mediterranean ploughed by hostile prows; and would occasionally throw up a mud breast-work on a point or promontory, mount an old iron field-piece, and fire away at the enemy, though the greatest harm was apt to happen to themselves, from the bursting of their ordnance ; nay, there was scarce a Dutchman along the river that would hesitate to fire with his long duck gun at any british cruiser that came withiu his reach, a~ he had been accustomed to fire at water foul.

All these were eyed with bitter hostility by the Dutch yeomanry along shore, who were indignant at seeing their great Mediterranean ploughed by hostile prows; and would occasionally throw up a mud breast-work on a point or promontory, mount an old iron field-piece, and fire away at the enemy, though the greatest harm was apt to happen to themselves, from the bursting of their ordnance ; nay, there was scarce a Dutchman along the river that would hesitate to fire with his long duck gun at any british cruiser that came withiu his reach, a~ he had been accustomed to fire at water foul.

288 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

"I have been thus particular in my account of the times and neighborhood, that the reader might the more readily comprehend the surrounding dangers in this, the heroic age of the Roost.

" It was commanded at the time, as I have already observed, by the stout Jacob van Tassel. As I wish to be extremely accurate in this part of my chronicle, I beg that this Jacob van Tassel, of the Roost, may not be coufounded with another Jacob van Tassel, commonly known in border story by the name of 'clump-footed Jack,' a noted tory, and one of the refugee band of Spiting Devil. On the contrary, he of the Roost was a patriot of the first water ; and, if we may take his own word for granted, a thorn in the side of the enemy. As the Roost, from its lonely situation on the water's edge, might be liable to attack, he took measures for defence. On a row of hooks, above his fire place, reposed his great piece of ordnance, ready charged and primed for action. This was a duck, or, rather, goose-gun of unparalleled longitude -- with which it was said he could kill a wild goose, though half way across the Tappan Sea. <* Indeed, there are as mauy wonders told of this renowned gun as of the enchanted weapons of the hero es of classic story.

As the Roost, from its lonely situation on the water's edge, might be liable to attack, he took measures for defence. On a row of hooks, above his fire place, reposed his great piece of ordnance, ready charged and primed for action. This was a duck, or, rather, goose-gun of unparalleled longitude -- with which it was said he could kill a wild goose, though half way across the Tappan Sea. <* Indeed, there are as mauy wonders told of this renowned gun as of the enchanted weapons of the hero es of classic story.

"In different parts of the stone walls of his mansion he had made loop-holes, through which he might fire upon an assailant. His wife was stout-hearted as himself, and could load as fast as he could fire ; and then he had an ancient and redoubtable sister, Nochie van Wurmur, a match, as he said, for tiie stoutest man in the country. Thus garrisoned, the little Roost was fit to stand a siege, and Jacob van Tassel was the man to defend it to the last charge of powder.

"He was, as I have already hinted, of pugnacious propensities; and, not content with being a patriot at home, and fighting for the security of his own fireside, he extended his thoughts abroad, and entered into a confederacy with certain of the bold, hard-riding lads of Tarrytown, Petticoat Lane and Sleepy nohow -- who formed a kind of holy brotherhood, scouring the country to clear it of skinners and cow-boys, and ail other border vermin. The Roost was one of their rallying points. Did a band of marauders from Manhattan island come sweeping through the neighborhood, and driving off cattle, the stout Jacob and his compeers were soon clattering at their heels ; and fortunate did the rogues esteem themselves if they could but get a part of their booty across the lines, or escape themselves, without a rough handling.

"He was, as I have already hinted, of pugnacious propensities; and, not content with being a patriot at home, and fighting for the security of his own fireside, he extended his thoughts abroad, and entered into a confederacy with certain of the bold, hard-riding lads of Tarrytown, Petticoat Lane and Sleepy nohow -- who formed a kind of holy brotherhood, scouring the country to clear it of skinners and cow-boys, and ail other border vermin. The Roost was one of their rallying points. Did a band of marauders from Manhattan island come sweeping through the neighborhood, and driving off cattle, the stout Jacob and his compeers were soon clattering at their heels ; and fortunate did the rogues esteem themselves if they could but get a part of their booty across the lines, or escape themselves, without a rough handling. Should the moss troopers succeed in passing with their cavalgada, with thundering tramp and dusty whirlwind, across King's Bridge, the holy brotherhood of the Roost would reign up at that perilous pass, and, wheeling about, would indemnify themselves by foraging the refugee region of Morrisania.

" When at home at the roost, the stout Jacob was not idle ; he was prone to carry on a petty warfare of his own, for his private recreation and refreshment. Did he ever chance to espy, from his look-out place, a hostile ship or galley anchored or becalmed near shore, he would take down his long goose-gun from the hooks over the fire-place, sally out alone, and lurk along shore, dodging behind rocks and trees, and watching for hours together, like a veteran mouser intent on a rat hole. So sure as a boat put off for shore, and came within shot,

" When at home at the roost, the stout Jacob was not idle ; he was prone to carry on a petty warfare of his own, for his private recreation and refreshment. Did he ever chance to espy, from his look-out place, a hostile ship or galley anchored or becalmed near shore, he would take down his long goose-gun from the hooks over the fire-place, sally out alone, and lurk along shore, dodging behind rocks and trees, and watching for hours together, like a veteran mouser intent on a rat hole. So sure as a boat put off for shore, and came within shot,

a The goose -gnn is still in existence, having been preserved for many years in a hollow tree. It is now in the possession of Mr. Caleb Brush, of Grove street, New "York, who married the celebrated heroine, Lauey van Tassel.

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH.

2S9

bang went the great goose-gun j a shower of slugs and buck-shot whistled rW)out the ears of the enemy, and, before the boat could reach the shore, Jacob had scuttled up some woody raviue, and left no trace behind.

"About this time the Roost experienced a vast accession of warlike importance, in being made one of the stations of the water-guard.

" This was a kind of aquatic corps of observation, composed of long, sharp canoe-shaped boats, technically called whale-boats, that lay lightly on the water, and could be rowed with great rapidity. They were manned by resolute fellows, skilled at pulling an oar or handling a musket. These lurked about in nooks and bays, and behind those long promontories winch run out into the Tappan Sea, keeping a look-out, to give notice of the approach or movements of hostile ships. They roved about in pairs, sometimes at night, with muffled oars, gliding like spectres about frigates and guard ships riding at anchor; cutting off any boat that made for shore, and keeping the enemy in constant uneasiness.

They were manned by resolute fellows, skilled at pulling an oar or handling a musket. These lurked about in nooks and bays, and behind those long promontories winch run out into the Tappan Sea, keeping a look-out, to give notice of the approach or movements of hostile ships. They roved about in pairs, sometimes at night, with muffled oars, gliding like spectres about frigates and guard ships riding at anchor; cutting off any boat that made for shore, and keeping the enemy in constant uneasiness. These mosquito cruisers generally kept aloof by day, so that their harboring places might not be disco vcied. but would pull quietly along, under shadow of the 6hore, at night, to take up their quarters at the Roost. Hither, at such time, would also repair the hard-riding lads of the hills, to hold secret councils of war with the "ocean chivalry," and in these nocturnal meetings, were concerted many of those daring forays, by land and water, that resounded throughout the border."

The chronicle here goes on to recount divers wonderful stories of the wars of the Roost, from which it would seem that this little warrior nest carried the terror of its arms into every sea from Spiting Devil Creek to St. Anthony's Nose ; that it even bearded the stout island of Manhattan, invading it at night, penetrating to its centre, and burning down the famous DeLancey house, the conflagration of which makes such a bbze in revolutionary history. Nay, more ; in their extravagant daring, these cocks of the Roost meditated a nocturnal descent upon New York itself, to swoop upon the British commanders, Howe and Clinton, by surprise, bear them off captive, and, perhaps, put a triumphant close to the war.

Anthony's Nose ; that it even bearded the stout island of Manhattan, invading it at night, penetrating to its centre, and burning down the famous DeLancey house, the conflagration of which makes such a bbze in revolutionary history. Nay, more ; in their extravagant daring, these cocks of the Roost meditated a nocturnal descent upon New York itself, to swoop upon the British commanders, Howe and Clinton, by surprise, bear them off captive, and, perhaps, put a triumphant close to the war.

" This doughty Dutchman (continues the sage Diedrich Knickerbocker) was not content with taking a share iu all the magnanimous enterprises concocted at the Roost, but still continued his petty warfare along shore. A series of exploits at length raised his confidence in his prowess to such a height, that he began to think himself and his goose-gun a match for anything. Unluckily, in the course of one of his prowlings, he descried a British transport aground, not far from shore, with her stern swung towards the hind within point-blank shot. The temptation was too great to be resisted ; bang 1 as usual went the great goose-gun, shivering the cabin windows, and driving all hands forward. Bang! bang I the shots were repeated. The reports brought several sharp-shooters of the neighborhood to the spot : before the transport could bring a gun to bear, or land a boat, to take revenge, she was soundly peppered, and the coast evacuated. She was the last of Jacob's triumphs. He fared, like some heroic spider, that

The temptation was too great to be resisted ; bang 1 as usual went the great goose-gun, shivering the cabin windows, and driving all hands forward. Bang! bang I the shots were repeated. The reports brought several sharp-shooters of the neighborhood to the spot : before the transport could bring a gun to bear, or land a boat, to take revenge, she was soundly peppered, and the coast evacuated. She was the last of Jacob's triumphs. He fared, like some heroic spider, that

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER^

had unwittingly snared a hornet -- to his immortal glory, perhaps, but to the utter ruin of his web.

" It was not long after this, during the absence of Jacob van Tassel on one of his forays, and when no one was in garrison but his stout-hearted spouse, his redoubtable sister Nochie van Wurmcr, and a strapping negro wench called Dinah, that an armed vessel came to anchor off the Roost and a boat full of men pulled to shore. The garrison flew to arms-- that is to say, to mops, broomsticks, shovels, tongs, and all kinds of domestic weapons-- for, unluckily, the great piece of ordnance, the goose-gun, was absent with its owner. Above all, a vigorous defence was made with that most potent of female weapons, the tongue. Never did invaded hen-roost make a more vociferous outcry. It was all in vain. The house was sacked and plundered, fire was set to each corner, and, in a few moments, its blaze shed a baleful light far over the Tappan Sea. The invaders then pounded upon the blooming Laucy van Tassel, the beauty of the Roost, and endeavored.to bear her off to the boat. But here was the real tug of war. The mother, the aunt, and the strapping negro wench, all flew to the rescue.

It was all in vain. The house was sacked and plundered, fire was set to each corner, and, in a few moments, its blaze shed a baleful light far over the Tappan Sea. The invaders then pounded upon the blooming Laucy van Tassel, the beauty of the Roost, and endeavored.to bear her off to the boat. But here was the real tug of war. The mother, the aunt, and the strapping negro wench, all flew to the rescue. The struggle continued down to the very water's edge, when a voice from the armed vessel at anchor ordered the spoilers to let go their hold. They relinquished the prize, jumped into their boats, and pulled off, and the heroine of the Roost escaped with a mere rumpling of the feathers."

" Shortly after the catastrophe of the Roost, Jacob van Tassel, in the course of one of his forays, fell into the hands of the British, was .sent prisoner to New York, and was detained in captivity for the greater part of the war."*

The present owners of Sunny Side are the daughters of Peter Ebenezer Irving, Esq., eldest brother of the late Honorable Washington Irving.

The family of Irving is from Scotland, in the northern part of which kingdom it was (as an ancient record quoted by Chambers the historian, and by Sir Walter Scott, observes.) " an ancient and principal family." Very frequent mention is made of them in the early annals of that country ; and in several instances they are spoken of by the above named writers as possessing a distinguished position and great influence among the baronial families of the north-east counties.

The family of Irving is from Scotland, in the northern part of which kingdom it was (as an ancient record quoted by Chambers the historian, and by Sir Walter Scott, observes.) " an ancient and principal family." Very frequent mention is made of them in the early annals of that country ; and in several instances they are spoken of by the above named writers as possessing a distinguished position and great influence among the baronial families of the north-east counties.

An old and curious manuscript history of this family is preserved by one of them in this country, entitled, "The original of the Family of Irvines, or Erivines, written by Christopher Irvine, M. A., State Physician and History-grapher to his majesty, King Charles the Second, in Scotland, and gent to his brother Sir Gerard Irvine, Bart., of Castle

a Knickerbocker Matmruu.. C'pon pood authority McDonald says that " Jac >>> van Tassel was during the Revolutionary war, a lieutenant of militia, etc. W hile in the service 01

„ ' ; ..« 1 , 1 r 1 i , 1 tu-n v,virs mid four months.

hou~i' and quarters 10. me omoer.s ami men, eie. 111 nn- niumu ^ ,„...,..,,,....•,.. ...

man <>f wa r, lying In the river, lauded a large party of men, and, after driving th • guards off, re to his "house and out-liouses, and destroyed or tooR away all his .-; >ek. cattle, grain, ure and farming implements, etc" McDonald MSS., in possession of Geo. Moore, of

„ ' ; ..« 1 , 1 r 1 i , 1 tu-n v,virs mid four months.

hou~i' and quarters 10. me omoer.s ami men, eie. 111 nn- niumu ^ ,„...,..,,,....•,.. ...

man <>f wa r, lying In the river, lauded a large party of men, and, after driving th • guards off, re to his "house and out-liouses, and destroyed or tooR away all his .-; >ek. cattle, grain, ure and farming implements, etc" McDonald MSS., in possession of Geo. Moore, of

set lit furmt

N. Y. Hist. Soc'y

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH.

29I

Irvine in the kingdom of Ireland, in the year 1660." From this manuscript it appears that the oldest branch of the family styled the " Irvines of Bonshaw," were settled on the banks of the river Eshe, where they continued for many successive generations with varying fortunes. From this stock are descended the English and Irish Irvines, among the latter having been the Rt. Hon. General Sir John Irvine, Commander-in-chief of his majesty's forces in Ireland in the year 1779.

A very early offshoot of this parent stock were the "Irvines 0/ Drum." The eldest son of the house of Bonshaw, William, having been knighted by King Robert Bruce ip the year 1296, and for long and faithful services in the field, having been endowed with the lands of Drum on the river Dee in Aberdeenshire, which are to this day in possession of his descendants. The castle of Drum is about ten miles from the city of Aberdeen, and is now inhabited by Alexander Irvine, Esq., the lineal descendant of the above Sir William. Sir William Irvine of Drum married the daughter of Sir Robert Keith, Knight, Lord Marshall of Scotland, and of Margaret Hay, daughter of Gilbert Hay, Lord Hay, first Constable of that family.

A very early offshoot of this parent stock were the "Irvines 0/ Drum." The eldest son of the house of Bonshaw, William, having been knighted by King Robert Bruce ip the year 1296, and for long and faithful services in the field, having been endowed with the lands of Drum on the river Dee in Aberdeenshire, which are to this day in possession of his descendants. The castle of Drum is about ten miles from the city of Aberdeen, and is now inhabited by Alexander Irvine, Esq., the lineal descendant of the above Sir William. Sir William Irvine of Drum married the daughter of Sir Robert Keith, Knight, Lord Marshall of Scotland, and of Margaret Hay, daughter of Gilbert Hay, Lord Hay, first Constable of that family. The manuscript referred to observes, that, " The king gave him the lands of the forest of Drum, and he himself having carried a private coat of arms whilst he was concealed under the name of the Earl of Carrick; he likewise gave him that, with permission for him and his descendants forever to bear it as their armorial bearing, with this motto, "sub sole, sub umbra virens," alluding to the family's great fidelity to him in his troubles. The badge or bearing consists of three holly leaves banded gules, on a shield argent." The history relates the vicissitudes which befell this family with much minuteness, and records their alliances with many of the most distinguished families of the kingdom ; Abernethy, Forbes, Ogilvie, Douglas, Leslie, Dundas, etc., etc. There were several families of consideration which sprung from these alliances, among which are named the Irvines of King Caussie, Cutts, Glassil, Easterclane, Cornyhaugh, Murthil, and Astainford -- all of which estates were in the north-eastern counties of Scotland. During the civil wars they suffered severely in property, and have since lost much of their former influence; although still retaining a position of the highest respectability among the gentry of that part of Scotland.

The badge or bearing consists of three holly leaves banded gules, on a shield argent." The history relates the vicissitudes which befell this family with much minuteness, and records their alliances with many of the most distinguished families of the kingdom ; Abernethy, Forbes, Ogilvie, Douglas, Leslie, Dundas, etc., etc. There were several families of consideration which sprung from these alliances, among which are named the Irvines of King Caussie, Cutts, Glassil, Easterclane, Cornyhaugh, Murthil, and Astainford -- all of which estates were in the north-eastern counties of Scotland. During the civil wars they suffered severely in property, and have since lost much of their former influence; although still retaining a position of the highest respectability among the gentry of that part of Scotland.

The first of the family who settled in America was William Irving, the son of Magnus Irving, who was born in 1731 ; and who, on coming to this country in 1763, altered the orthography of the family name, changing the final letter from e tog, to accord with the English usage. He was married at Falmouth, England, in 1 761, to Sarah, daughter of John Sanders, Esq., of Falmouth, England. This gentleman was a very

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

successful and highly respected merchant of the city of New York, commanding universal esteem for his probity. He died in the year 1807, leaving five sons and three daughters. The eldest son was William Irving, a merchant of New York. He was distinguished as a gentlemen of literary taste, and was concerned with his brother, Washington Irving, and Mr. J. K. Paulding, in writing Salmagundi. He was also a member of Congress in 1812, and died in 1821. The second son was Peter Irving, M. D., who died in 1837. The third son was Ebenezer Irving, Esq., late proprietor of Sunny Side, the father of the Rev. rierre Paris Irving, Rev.

The eldest son was William Irving, a merchant of New York. He was distinguished as a gentlemen of literary taste, and was concerned with his brother, Washington Irving, and Mr. J. K. Paulding, in writing Salmagundi. He was also a member of Congress in 1812, and died in 1821. The second son was Peter Irving, M. D., who died in 1837. The third son was Ebenezer Irving, Esq., late proprietor of Sunny Side, the father of the Rev. rierre Paris Irving, Rev. Theodore Irving, William, Sanders, and of Edgar Irving, and the ladies who now occupy the homestead. The fourth son was John Treat Irving, Esq., a member of the bar, and for many years before his death, (which took place in 1835,) first judge of the city and county of New York. The youngest son was the late Hon. Washington Irving, whose literary fame will hand his name down to the remotest posterity. This distinguished and noble man was born in New York on the 3d of April, 1783 and died at Sunny Side, November 2Sth, 1859. Beside all his literary labors, he was, for several years, Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Spain. He was, also, for many years a warden of Christ church, Tarrytown ; and, on several occasions, served as a lay-delegate to the Diocesan Convention. His remains repose beside those of his father and mother in the Mount Pleasant cemetery, upon the slope of the hill just north of the old Dutch church of Sleepy Hollow : " near the sunniest of the slope, where a grove of oak and yew trees commences to crown the hill, is the burial-place of the Irving family. It is a large, square lot, bounded by a low fence and a thickly-grown evergreen hedge. Near the centre is a row of five graves, while a few feet distant is another row of five more graves, all marking the resting places of deceased members of the Irving family." Between these two rows, and connecting them in one continuous row, is the grave of the illustrious and beloved Washington Irving, which is marked by a plain white marble slab, bearing the following inscription :

It is a large, square lot, bounded by a low fence and a thickly-grown evergreen hedge. Near the centre is a row of five graves, while a few feet distant is another row of five more graves, all marking the resting places of deceased members of the Irving family." Between these two rows, and connecting them in one continuous row, is the grave of the illustrious and beloved Washington Irving, which is marked by a plain white marble slab, bearing the following inscription :

WASHINGTON, Son of William and Sarah S. Irving, died Nov. 28, 1S59. Aged 76 years, 7 mo. and 25 da3'S.

Immediately north of Van Tassel house is the residence of the late Philip R. Paulding, Esq., now know as the estate of the late Geo. Merrit, delightfully seated on a bold bank of the Hudson ; it commands, from

THE TOWN OK GREEN3URGH.

its elevated position, the noblest prospects of the river, while the view to the east is terminated by the lofty hills of Greenburgh. The edifice is constructed of Sing Sing marble, after the designs of Alex. J. Davis, Esq.

In its details, both externally and internally, the most minute attention has been paid to a careful correspondence with the best examples of the Tudor era.

Among the most remarkable features of the building, deserves to be noticed the admirable porte cochere, or covered entrance for carriages,and a superb library ornamented with a lofty ceiling of carved timber.

The Paulding family have long been residents of this town. As early as 1 7 1 2, we find Joost Pauldinck accepted deacon of the Dutch Church. The name of Joost Pauldinck occurs in a conveyance from William Odell of Rye, A.D., 1667.

Among the most remarkable features of the building, deserves to be noticed the admirable porte cochere, or covered entrance for carriages,and a superb library ornamented with a lofty ceiling of carved timber.

The Paulding family have long been residents of this town. As early as 1 7 1 2, we find Joost Pauldinck accepted deacon of the Dutch Church. The name of Joost Pauldinck occurs in a conveyance from William Odell of Rye, A.D., 1667.

In 1709 Joost Pauldinck appears to have been residing at Westchester. The father of the present proprietor is William Paulding, Esq., Mayor of the City of New York in 1827. The patriot John Paulding, who captured the British spy, Major Andr£, was of this family.

The next object worthy of notice is the elegant and secluded villa of the late Henry Sheldon, Esq. This building is in the rural Gothic style and presents a very beautiful and picturesque exterior, combined with every accommodation and convenience of internal arrangement. No pains have been spared in laying out the adjoining grounds and plantations.

A small stream running through a deep and woody glen has been obstructed in various places by rock work, and thus forms several artificial cascades. Some close walks, winding by the stream, conduct to a large fall situated at the glen's mouth. The scenery about the fall is extremely fine, embracing a lovely view of the Hudson river. The old Van Weert mill has been transformed into a Swiss cottage and boat house. The Van Weert family were the first occupants of this estate under the Philipses, and subsequently became its possessors in fee. In 1698 there appears to have been three married brothers of this ancient family living in Philipsburgh, who claimed descent from the illustrious house of Van Weert in Holland, viz.

The scenery about the fall is extremely fine, embracing a lovely view of the Hudson river. The old Van Weert mill has been transformed into a Swiss cottage and boat house. The Van Weert family were the first occupants of this estate under the Philipses, and subsequently became its possessors in fee. In 1698 there appears to have been three married brothers of this ancient family living in Philipsburgh, who claimed descent from the illustrious house of Van Weert in Holland, viz. Joacham Van Weert and Christyntje his wife, Gerredit Van Weert and Cathalyna his wife, Jacob Van Weert and Bieltitje his wife.

Gerredit Van Weert left issue, Jan Van Weert, father of Isaac, who sold this property to Mr. Sheldon. The village of Tarrytown is pleasantly situated in the lap of the Green-

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF 'WESTCHESTER.

burgh hills, overlooking the Hudson at the widest point of the Tappan Zee, which is here nearly three miles across.

Tarwe town, the old orthography of the Dutch word tarwe, (wheat) " the wheat town," probably so called from the abundant culture of that grain in this vicinity.

Here was an Indian village in 1659,0 styled by the aborigines Alipconck, that is the place of elms. It seems more than probable that this ancient settlement occupied a hill at the south end of the present village. This opinion is somewhat confirmed by the circumstance that the whole ground is covered with shells, in some places to the depth of two or three feet. It is presumed that these '.' shell beds" generally indicate the site of Indian habitations.

Here was an Indian village in 1659,0 styled by the aborigines Alipconck, that is the place of elms. It seems more than probable that this ancient settlement occupied a hill at the south end of the present village. This opinion is somewhat confirmed by the circumstance that the whole ground is covered with shells, in some places to the depth of two or three feet. It is presumed that these '.' shell beds" generally indicate the site of Indian habitations.

Upon the same spot are situated the remains of the old military redoubt from whence the gallant water guard cannonaded the Vulture sloop of war, as she lay grounded on the ballast reef. The site of the Indian village and redoubt belong to Mr. Hart, who purchased of the Dutch Church.

The Dutch settlement of Tarwetown commenced soon after Philips purchase in 1680. The first dwellings appear to have been erected near the water's edge, for the convenience of shipping, which found here a fine natural harbor. Prior to 1775 a dock had been constructed, and several houses erected near it. There are over five hundred dwellings, one Protestant Episcopal church, one Dutch Reformed church, one Baptist, one Methodist Episcopal church, one colored Methodist church. Eour hotels and taverns, a large number of stores; one savings' bank, one banking house, and several young ladies' seminaries.

In 1875 the water works were constructed, a large reservoir was built on the hill east of the village -- it is supplied by water from the Adrec brook, which is thrown up by the means of a steam pump near the depot. There is a fine fire department, organized by the Board of Trustees. In 1776, the village consisted of twelve dwelling houses. At the present day steamboats make daily trips from this place to the city of New York, and a number of sloops are also owned here, which run to various places on the river.6 Near the water's edge, in the vicinity of the landing, is situated the residence of General William Paulding.

In 1875 the water works were constructed, a large reservoir was built on the hill east of the village -- it is supplied by water from the Adrec brook, which is thrown up by the means of a steam pump near the depot. There is a fine fire department, organized by the Board of Trustees. In 1776, the village consisted of twelve dwelling houses. At the present day steamboats make daily trips from this place to the city of New York, and a number of sloops are also owned here, which run to various places on the river.6 Near the water's edge, in the vicinity of the landing, is situated the residence of General William Paulding. This house was erected previous to the Revolution, by his father William Paulding, Esq. From its proximity to the water it was frequently the object of the enemy's fire ; the marks of their cannon balls are still visible on its walls.

a Visscher's map Nov. Belgli.

6 A steam terry connects this place -with Nyack, a village situated on the opposite side or the Hudson.

IRVING INSTITUTE.

1,»5.

THE TOWN CF GREKNBURGH.

Upon a commanding position, north of the village, is seated the old Irving Institute now occupied by Prof. Jackson as a military school. It was founded in 1S38, by W. P. Lyon. The location is, perhaps, the most desirable that could be selected for the purposes of education in this vicinity. The site is half a mile from the village landing, and about twenty-five miles distant from New York, with which there is daily communication. The edifice is a commodious brick building with wings, and a large rear building for the school. The grounds embrace several acres, affording abundant opportunity for healthy sports, and are quite retired from the village. On the opposite side of Pocantico street is the Irving Institute formerly kept by D.

The location is, perhaps, the most desirable that could be selected for the purposes of education in this vicinity. The site is half a mile from the village landing, and about twenty-five miles distant from New York, with which there is daily communication. The edifice is a commodious brick building with wings, and a large rear building for the school. The grounds embrace several acres, affording abundant opportunity for healthy sports, and are quite retired from the village. On the opposite side of Pocantico street is the Irving Institute formerly kept by D. S. Rowe, A. M., now under the charge of his son-in-law, A. Armagnac, A. M., as principal, aad D. A. Rowe, his

Christ Church, Tarrytown.

son, as vice-principal. It is a classical and commercial boarding school.

The buildings are well situated on high ground commanding a fine view ; the grounds are ample and attractive. The school is limited in number and family in its character, its discipline is good, and its training moral and physical well attended to.

Christ church, Tarrytown, is a neat Gothic edifice of brick, pleasantly located in the main street.

This church was erected in 1836, and consecrated to the service of Almighty God by the name and style of Christ's church Tarrytown, September, 1837. The whole structure is valued at $8,000.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

On the north side of the chancel aie two marble slabs bearing the following inscriptions:

IN IN

memory of memory of

KATHARINE KEMBLE, MARIA* PHILIPS,

Christ church, Tarrytown, is a neat Gothic edifice of brick, pleasantly located in the main street.

This church was erected in 1836, and consecrated to the service of Almighty God by the name and style of Christ's church Tarrytown, September, 1837. The whole structure is valued at $8,000.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

On the north side of the chancel aie two marble slabs bearing the following inscriptions:

IN IN

memory of memory of

KATHARINE KEMBLE, MARIA* PHILIPS,

Born October, 1765, (Relict of Frederick Philips, b)

and departed this life the of Philipstowu, Putnam County,

16th day of July, New Yobk,

A. D. 1843, who departed this life the 13th day of

Sister to Mama Philips. November, A. D. 1839,

" In death they aged 68 years.

were not

divided." Her remains rest within the walls of

the Tower of this Church.

The memory of the just is blessed. -- Prov. x. 7.

The Rev. William Creighton, D.D., first incumbent, was succeeded by Rev. J. Selden Spencer, present incumbent in 1865. The rectory adjoining the church, was built in 1875. There are costly memorial tablets in the church to Rev. Dr. Creighton and Washington Irving. The church was enlarged and beautified in 1868.

Upon a commanding eminence, nearly in front of the Episcopal church, stands the mausoleum of the Cobb family. The lower portion consists of a broad marble base, containing apartments for two sarcophagi, and likewise an upper receptacle for coffins, the whole surmounted by a neat obelisk." .

The rectory adjoining the church, was built in 1875. There are costly memorial tablets in the church to Rev. Dr. Creighton and Washington Irving. The church was enlarged and beautified in 1868.

Upon a commanding eminence, nearly in front of the Episcopal church, stands the mausoleum of the Cobb family. The lower portion consists of a broad marble base, containing apartments for two sarcophagi, and likewise an upper receptacle for coffins, the whole surmounted by a neat obelisk." .

The Second Reformed Dutch church is situated immediately above the former, on the road leading to Sing Sing. This building is also constructed of brick. The front presents a colonnade of the Ionic order surmounted with a wooden tower and spire. This church was erected A. D. 1837, and is in union with the old Dutch church at Sleepy Hollow.

Above the entrance is placed the following inscription :

"Reformed Dutch Ciiriion." Erected A. D. 1837, In all places where I record my name I will come unto thee and I will bless thee.

Exodus xx : 24.

a Maria Kemble and her sister were nieces of the Honorable Viscount Cage.

b Son of Philip Philipse, proprietor of the Philipstowu patent, and grandson of the lion. Frederick Philipse, Lord of the Manor of Philipsburgh.

c This structure has been recently erected for C'apt. Nathan Cobb, now a resident of this village, formerly and for many years a most efficient and successful commander In the Liverpool packet line from Js'ew York. -- Irving Banner.

a Maria Kemble and her sister were nieces of the Honorable Viscount Cage.

b Son of Philip Philipse, proprietor of the Philipstowu patent, and grandson of the lion. Frederick Philipse, Lord of the Manor of Philipsburgh.

c This structure has been recently erected for C'apt. Nathan Cobb, now a resident of this village, formerly and for many years a most efficient and successful commander In the Liverpool packet line from Js'ew York. -- Irving Banner.

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH. 297

The first pastor of this church was the Rev. George Dubois, who was succeeded by the Rev. Joseph Wilson, who was called in 1845, and Rev. John Mason Ferris, in 1849. The " First Reformed church," was built in 1854, a division having been made in 1852; Rev. Mr. Ferris was installed, January 11, 1852, over the "Second Reformed church," (built 1S37,) and in July, 1852, Rev. Abel T. Stewart was called to the First Reformed Dutch church, (" the old Dutch church.") Rev. Mr. Ferris was succeeded by Rev. John A. Todd, D. D., in the year 1855, who is the present pastor of the Second Reformed church. Rev. Mr. Stewart was succeeded in the First Reformed Dutch church by Rev. John B. Thompson, D. D., who was called in 1866, and he by Rev. John Knox Allen, who is the present pastor.

THE ASBURY METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

About 1807 the congregation being of such importance necessitated the building of a church for the growing society. The first class was probably formed at the house of Mrs. Childs, under the hill below what is now known as the Cliff House. Mr. Wm. Requa offered a plot of ground on the corner of Maine street and Windel Park which was accepted, and a society was incorporated to build a church on this spot.

THE ASBURY METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

About 1807 the congregation being of such importance necessitated the building of a church for the growing society. The first class was probably formed at the house of Mrs. Childs, under the hill below what is now known as the Cliff House. Mr. Wm. Requa offered a plot of ground on the corner of Maine street and Windel Park which was accepted, and a society was incorporated to build a church on this spot. They met at the house of Mr. Wm. Requa to take the proper legal measures. The certificate of this incorporation was filed in Westchester County Clerk's Office, March 1st, 1808. Under this the church existed as a body corporate until about the year 1820 or 21, when the annual meeting for the election of trustees seems to have been omitted and the corporation ceased to exist. About August, 182 1, a reorganization took place and the name given to the new corporation was "The Trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Tarrytown in the town of Greenburgh and County of Westchester," which was filed Nov. 14th, 182 1. The present title of the church -- "Asbury Methodist Episcopal Church" -- was probably adopted on the erection of it. At the meeting of the society first named, Mr. Wm. Requa conveyed lots for the building of the new church on the corner of Main street and Windel Park, and on which the first Methodist Episcopal church of Tarrytown was subsequently erected.

" It was a pleasing sight to see, when this little church was erected, the good old members wending their way to church of an evening with lighted candles in their hands. What a methodistical appearance they presented ! The men seated on one side, and the women and children on the other.

Requa conveyed lots for the building of the new church on the corner of Main street and Windel Park, and on which the first Methodist Episcopal church of Tarrytown was subsequently erected.

" It was a pleasing sight to see, when this little church was erected, the good old members wending their way to church of an evening with lighted candles in their hands. What a methodistical appearance they presented ! The men seated on one side, and the women and children on the other. Look at these men with their plain shad-bellied coats and white collarless cravats ; and the women in plain quakcr garb. Not a ruffle, nor a bow, nor a flower ! A flower ! shades of all saints ! Talk of

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

flowers in a Methodist church meeting. Why, that was the "abomination of desolation."

In this unpretentious building not only did the first Methodists worship, but that also of the present flourishing Episcopal church known as " Christ church " had its origin. When Mr. Holmes first came to Tarrytown in 1833 he found no place of worship of his own Church nearer than several miles from the village ; he referred to his Bishop for authority to lay-read and procure a place in which to do it, accordingly he applied to the trustees of the Methodist church for the occasional use of the building, which was readily granted -- and here service was held in the afternoons of Sunday. The Rev. Dr. Creighton officiated in the absence of Mr. Holmes, and here they laid the foundation of their church and Sunday school. At this time there was no other church in the place except the old Dutch church in Sleepy Hollow.

Holmes first came to Tarrytown in 1833 he found no place of worship of his own Church nearer than several miles from the village ; he referred to his Bishop for authority to lay-read and procure a place in which to do it, accordingly he applied to the trustees of the Methodist church for the occasional use of the building, which was readily granted -- and here service was held in the afternoons of Sunday. The Rev. Dr. Creighton officiated in the absence of Mr. Holmes, and here they laid the foundation of their church and Sunday school. At this time there was no other church in the place except the old Dutch church in Sleepy Hollow.

In the year 1842, the name of Tarrytown as a separate charge first appears in the minutes of the Conference. In the year 1843, Pleasantville was separated from Tarrytown. In 1837, the increased prosperity of the church, demanded a new and more suitable edifice. Accordingly, a site was purchased from Dr. Josh Scribner, in Washington Street. The corner-stone was laid April 17,, 1837. The dimensions of the building were 40 x 60, and the cost $5,394. The church was dedicated, and two years after the whole church debt cancelled. And so, after an occupation of about thirty years, the old church was forsaken, ^nd has been converted into a dwelling.

A curious entry is found in the old Trustee minutes, in which it is ordered, that "hereafter, (1840) the males and females should enter the church by separate doors, and sit on the opposite sides of the aisles, and that the seats under the gallery be assigned to the colored members.'' These regulations were posted in the vestibule of the church. The parsonage was built on a lot directly north of the church in 1854, at a cost of $4,800.

A curious entry is found in the old Trustee minutes, in which it is ordered, that "hereafter, (1840) the males and females should enter the church by separate doors, and sit on the opposite sides of the aisles, and that the seats under the gallery be assigned to the colored members.'' These regulations were posted in the vestibule of the church. The parsonage was built on a lot directly north of the church in 1854, at a cost of $4,800.

In 1857, the church was enlarged twenty-five feet in length; and in 1865, the entire indebtedness of $5,620 was cancelled.

In the time of the Rev. Mr. Hermance, a few brethren living in North Tarrytown, resolved on a separation from the old Society -- and so occured the building of the new St. Paul's M. E. church, in that part of the town."

There is also a Baptist church.

Mr. Christopher Collins, the first projector of the Erie canal in 1805-6,

a Extracts from a sermon delivered by the pastor, Rev. F. Bottome, on the anniversary of the church, Dec. 20, 1878.

THE TOWN" OF GREENBURGH.

was for several years a resident of this place, and lies interred in the grave yard at Sleepy Hollow.

Tanytown is far famed as the place where Major Andre, adjutant general of the British army, was captured by Paulding and his associates upon the 23rd of September, 1780. The circumstances which led to the arrest of the spy were as follows :

Major John Andre had been long negotiating with the American general, Arnold, to put the British general, Clinton, in possession of West Point. " This post," says Major General Greene, (who, it must be remembered, was president of the court that tried Andre,) " is a beautiful little place lying on the west bank of the Hudson, a little below where it breaks through the chain of mountains called the highlands.

The circumstances which led to the arrest of the spy were as follows :

Major John Andre had been long negotiating with the American general, Arnold, to put the British general, Clinton, in possession of West Point. " This post," says Major General Greene, (who, it must be remembered, was president of the court that tried Andre,) " is a beautiful little place lying on the west bank of the Hudson, a little below where it breaks through the chain of mountains called the highlands. Its form is nearly circular, in half of its circumference defended by a precipice of great height, rising abruptly from the river, and on the other by a chain of rugged, inaccessible mountains. It is accessible by one pass only from the river, and that is narrow and easily defended ; while on the land side it can be approached only at two points -- by roads that wind through the mountains and enter it at the river bank on the north and south. Great importance had always been attached to this post by the Americans, and great labor and expense bestowed upon fortifying it. It has been well called the " Gibraltar of America." The North river had long been the great vein that supplied life to the American army, and had the enemy obtained possession of this post, besides the actual loss in men and stores, the American army would have been cut off from their principal resources in the ensuing winter, or been obliged to fall back above the Highlands, and leave all the country below open to conquest, while the communication between the eastern and western States would have been seriously interrupted if not wholly excluded. Arnold therefore well knew the bearing of this post upon all the operations of the American army; and afterwards avowed his confident expectation, that had the enemy got possession of it, the contest must have ceased, and America been subdued.

It has been well called the " Gibraltar of America." The North river had long been the great vein that supplied life to the American army, and had the enemy obtained possession of this post, besides the actual loss in men and stores, the American army would have been cut off from their principal resources in the ensuing winter, or been obliged to fall back above the Highlands, and leave all the country below open to conquest, while the communication between the eastern and western States would have been seriously interrupted if not wholly excluded. Arnold therefore well knew the bearing of this post upon all the operations of the American army; and afterwards avowed his confident expectation, that had the enemy got possession of it, the contest must have ceased, and America been subdued.

The British general, Clinton, also appears to have appreciated the value of this post, and it is probable that the purchase of it had been arranged with Arnold some months prior to the detection of the plot. It was when Washington marched to Kings-bridge, with a view to the attempt on New York, and when he had mustered under him every man who could carry a musket, that he placed Arnold in command of a corps of invalids at West Point.

The commander-in-chief had offered him a command suitable to his rank and reputation in the army ; but he made the unhealed state of his

300 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

wounds, and some other causes, the pretext for declining it -- as the negotiations for the surrender of West Point had already commenced. Soon after the relinquishment of the enterprise against New York, a meeting was concerted to take place between the American commanderin-chief and the French military and naval commanders. Hartford, on the Connecticut river, was the place assigned for their meeting; the object was to consult on their future joint operations.

300 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

wounds, and some other causes, the pretext for declining it -- as the negotiations for the surrender of West Point had already commenced. Soon after the relinquishment of the enterprise against New York, a meeting was concerted to take place between the American commanderin-chief and the French military and naval commanders. Hartford, on the Connecticut river, was the place assigned for their meeting; the object was to consult on their future joint operations. Upon the departure of Washington for this meeting, Greene was placed in command of the main army. This was on the 17th of September, 1780. On the eighteenth, Admiral Rodney arrived in New York with such an overwhelming reinforcement to the British navy as must have set the consultations at Hartford all at nought. From that time Greene's communications to the President of Congress are full of the hurried preparations going on at New York for some important enterprise ; little did he, or any other person suspect to what point that enterprise was directed.

It appears that General Greene had established a regular communication for obtaining intelligence from the city by spies ; and his correspondents in that place were at loss whether the expedition was intended for Rhode Island or Virginia. To one or other of these places the enemy had been careful to throw out hints, or exhibit appearances, that the expedition was directed.

Yet Green was not deceived; for in a letter on the 21st (just two days before the discovery of the plot) to General Washington, he writes,

It appears that General Greene had established a regular communication for obtaining intelligence from the city by spies ; and his correspondents in that place were at loss whether the expedition was intended for Rhode Island or Virginia. To one or other of these places the enemy had been careful to throw out hints, or exhibit appearances, that the expedition was directed.

Yet Green was not deceived; for in a letter on the 21st (just two days before the discovery of the plot) to General Washington, he writes,

' Colonel communicated the last intelligence we have from

New York ; since that, I have not been able to obtain the least information of what is going on there. Though we have people in from three different quarters, none of them returning, makes me suspect some secret expedition is in contemplation, the success of which depends altogether upon its being kept a secret."

The British commander had now become sensible that no time was to be lost; as, most probably, on the return of Washington from Hartford, he would assume the command in person at West Point, or confide it to Greene. The present, therefore, was the most favorable time that would ever present itself. a

Andre' was, accordingly, dispatched in the Vulttire, sloop of war, to hold a personal conference with General Arnold. The Vulture ascended the Hudson river on the 20th, as far as Teller's Point, and came to anchor at the mouth of the Haverstraw bay. Here Andr£ eagerly awaited some opportunity to acquaint Arnold with his arrival. An occasion for so doing presented itself the next day. A white flag was displayed at a See Barnuni's Spy Unmasked.

Andre' was, accordingly, dispatched in the Vulttire, sloop of war, to hold a personal conference with General Arnold. The Vulture ascended the Hudson river on the 20th, as far as Teller's Point, and came to anchor at the mouth of the Haverstraw bay. Here Andr£ eagerly awaited some opportunity to acquaint Arnold with his arrival. An occasion for so doing presented itself the next day. A white flag was displayed at a See Barnuni's Spy Unmasked.

THE TOWN OK GREENBURGH.

Teller's Point by some of the country people, which, being interpreted as they wished, the captain of the Vulture sent off a boat with a Hag, which was fired upon as soon as it approached the shore. This gave Andre the opportunity he desired, as it was a proper subject for a remonstrance to the commanding officer; and a flag with a letter was accordingly dispatched. The letter was dated on the 21st Sept.; it was in the handwriting of Andre, signed by the captain of the vessel, and countersigned "John Anderson." (Andre's assumed name.) This Hag was sent to Verplank's Point. Arnold arrived just as the boat returned to the Vulture. The letter was handed to him, and, of course, fully understood ; thereupon he hastened to prepare Smith for a visit to the enemy's vessel on the approaching night. Crossing from Verplank's to Stony Point he made all the requisite arrangements respecting the boat that Smith would want, and then proceeded to his quarters to remove the difficulty which had occurred respecting boatmen. The guard boats had received orders not to stop Smith, and he also possessed the countersign for the next night, which was the word " Congress." In tlie morning Smith brought his tenant -- Samuel Colquhoun, to a conference with Arnold, who requested him to accompany his landlord on a visit that night to the Vulture" The man at first refused, but at last consented to go with his brother, Joseph Colquhoun, and Smith.

Crossing from Verplank's to Stony Point he made all the requisite arrangements respecting the boat that Smith would want, and then proceeded to his quarters to remove the difficulty which had occurred respecting boatmen. The guard boats had received orders not to stop Smith, and he also possessed the countersign for the next night, which was the word " Congress." In tlie morning Smith brought his tenant -- Samuel Colquhoun, to a conference with Arnold, who requested him to accompany his landlord on a visit that night to the Vulture" The man at first refused, but at last consented to go with his brother, Joseph Colquhoun, and Smith. They were directed by Arnold to muffle the oars ; and, thus prepared, about midnight, the boat arrived at the Vulture. The noise made by the officer on watch, and the sailors in their hailing the boat, was heard below, and a boy sent up with orders that the man should be shown into the cabin, supposing him to be Arnold. Smith descended, and found his old acquaintance, Beverly Robinson. A letter from Arnold was presented to the Colonel, in which he said, "This will be delivered to you by Mr. Smith, who will conduct you to a place of safety. Neither Mr. Smith nor any other person shall be made acquainted with your proposals ; if they (which I doubt not) are of such a nature that I can officially take notice of them, I shall do it with pleasure. I take it for granted, Colonel Robinson will not propose anything that is not for the interest of the United States, as well as of himself." Smith had likewise two papers signed by Arnold, which he showed to Robinson; one, a permission to pass and repass with a boat to Dobb's Ferry, the other a permission to Joshua Smith, Mr.

Smith nor any other person shall be made acquainted with your proposals ; if they (which I doubt not) are of such a nature that I can officially take notice of them, I shall do it with pleasure. I take it for granted, Colonel Robinson will not propose anything that is not for the interest of the United States, as well as of himself." Smith had likewise two papers signed by Arnold, which he showed to Robinson; one, a permission to pass and repass with a boat to Dobb's Ferry, the other a permission to Joshua Smith, Mr. John Anderson and two sen-ants, to pass and repass the guards near King's Ferry at all times. By these papers Colonel Robinson understood that Arnold expected Andre to come on shore. Smith was left with the captain of the vessel for about a quarter of an hour, when Robinson returned with a person whom he

302 ' HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

introduced as Mr. Anderson. He excused himself from going ashore, but this person would go in his stead, and was competent to the transaction of the business. Andre, although in his uniform, was so completely enveloped in a blue great-coat, that Smith (if we believe his assertions) did not suspect his real name or character.

Smith and Andre descended into the boat, where the Colquhouns awaited them. They were landed at the foot of a mountain called the Long Clove, on the western margin of the river, about six miles below Stony Point. The Vulture lay between the place and Teller's Point. Here Arnold was in attendance on horseback, with another horse brought by a servant of Smith's. It was perfectly dark, and Smith, knowing the spot designated by Arnold, groped his way up the bank, and found the commander of West Point concealed among the trees and bushes.0

They were landed at the foot of a mountain called the Long Clove, on the western margin of the river, about six miles below Stony Point. The Vulture lay between the place and Teller's Point. Here Arnold was in attendance on horseback, with another horse brought by a servant of Smith's. It was perfectly dark, and Smith, knowing the spot designated by Arnold, groped his way up the bank, and found the commander of West Point concealed among the trees and bushes.0

Smith was sent back for his companion ; and, having introduced him, was requested to retire to the boat, where he remained ill at ease and watchful, while the Colquhouns, conscience-free, slept soundly through the remainder of the night. The conference appeared unnecessarily long to Mr. Smith, and he retraced his way to give notice of the approach of morning, and the necessity of departing before daylight appeared.

The conspirators had exhausted the night, and their business was not yet completed. It was agreed that the boat should be dismissed and sent up the river. Andre consented to mount a led horse brought to the Clove with Arnold, and to accompany him to Smith's house, there to remain through the day, and to return to the sloop of war next night It was still dark, and, as Andre asserts, the voice of the sentinel demanding the countersign, was the first indication to the adjutant-general that he was within the American lines. About the break of day, the conspirators arrived at Smith's house. He had proceeded with the boat to Crown Island, in Haverstraw creek, and, dismissing the Colquhouns, joined Arnold. To the alarm of the group, a cannonade was very soon heard ; and, from the window, Andre beheld that the Vulture was in peril from the guns, and saw her obliged to weigh anchor and stand down the river.

Andre consented to mount a led horse brought to the Clove with Arnold, and to accompany him to Smith's house, there to remain through the day, and to return to the sloop of war next night It was still dark, and, as Andre asserts, the voice of the sentinel demanding the countersign, was the first indication to the adjutant-general that he was within the American lines. About the break of day, the conspirators arrived at Smith's house. He had proceeded with the boat to Crown Island, in Haverstraw creek, and, dismissing the Colquhouns, joined Arnold. To the alarm of the group, a cannonade was very soon heard ; and, from the window, Andre beheld that the Vulture was in peril from the guns, and saw her obliged to weigh anchor and stand down the river. In an upper apartment in Smith's house, the spy and the traitor viewed this unexpected incident, and Sir Henry Clinton's adjutant general, no doubt, felt for a time, that the net prepared for others was closing around him. It is to be supposed that the commander of West Point reassured him, and, after breakfast, Smith left

a Smith's words are, " hid among the firs."

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH.

him to finish "the plot of treachery" between them; it was understood that Arnold was to receive a stipulated sum. The day fixed upon, Andre was to return to New York, and the British troops (already embarked under the pretence of an expedition to Chesapeake) were to be ready to ascend the river. Arnold was to weaken the post of West Point by such a disposition of the garrison as would yield it an easy prey to the troops brought against it.

him to finish "the plot of treachery" between them; it was understood that Arnold was to receive a stipulated sum. The day fixed upon, Andre was to return to New York, and the British troops (already embarked under the pretence of an expedition to Chesapeake) were to be ready to ascend the river. Arnold was to weaken the post of West Point by such a disposition of the garrison as would yield it an easy prey to the troops brought against it.

Every preliminary was settled, and the spy furnished with all the papers explanatory of the condition of the post, and the manner in which its force was to be rendered unavailable, and its garrison betrayed to death or captivity. Andre required to be put in safety on board the Vulture; to this Arnold assented, and, although a different route was proposed, yet Andre supposed he was to be sent on board the attending sloop of war. Before Arnold left Smith's house, he urged him to go with Andre on board the Vulture as soon as it was dark ; but, as if to provide for obstacles, he sent two passes for Smith ; the one a permission to go " with a boat, three hands and a flag, to Dobb's Ferry, on public business, and return immediately ; " the other, to pass the guards to the White Plains, and return. To this was added a third, as follows:

" He An Quarters, Robinson's House, Sept. 22d, 1780.

Before Arnold left Smith's house, he urged him to go with Andre on board the Vulture as soon as it was dark ; but, as if to provide for obstacles, he sent two passes for Smith ; the one a permission to go " with a boat, three hands and a flag, to Dobb's Ferry, on public business, and return immediately ; " the other, to pass the guards to the White Plains, and return. To this was added a third, as follows:

" He An Quarters, Robinson's House, Sept. 22d, 1780.

' ' Permit Mr. John Anderson to pass the guards to the White Plains, or below, If he chooses ; he being on public business by my direction.

"B. Arnold, M. Oen."

A miserable day was passed by the spy in solitude, and, when evening came, Smith positively refused to go on board the Vulture ; neither had he engaged any person to row the boat. The reason he gave was an attack of ague, but this did not prevent him, as will be seen, from accompanying Andre on horse-back in his nocturnal journey, or from crossing the river with him. Thus Andre was compelled to take the route Smith chose, which was to cross the river, and proceed in the direction of White Plains. The uniform coat of the adjutant general was left at Smith's house ; and with a coat of Smith's, covered by a dark great-coat, with "a wide cape, and buttoned close to the neck," Andre was equipped for the journey. Accordingly, in the morning, he and Smith proceeded to King's Ferry.

Thus Andre was compelled to take the route Smith chose, which was to cross the river, and proceed in the direction of White Plains. The uniform coat of the adjutant general was left at Smith's house ; and with a coat of Smith's, covered by a dark great-coat, with "a wide cape, and buttoned close to the neck," Andre was equipped for the journey. Accordingly, in the morning, he and Smith proceeded to King's Ferry.

On the way, Smith endeavored to draw his companion into conversation, but without success. He was reserved and thoughtful. On the contrary, Smith accosted several of his acquaintances on the road ; and even stopped at a sutler's tent, and joined in discussing a bowl of punch,

3°4

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

while Andre walked his horse slowly to the ferry alone, and there waited Smith's arrival.

As they passed through the works at Verplanck's Point, Smith rode up to Colonel Livingston's tent, while Andre, and a servant who attended him, (a negro of Smith's,) rode on. To the Colonel's inquiries, Smith said he was going up the country, and took charge of letters for General Arnold and Governor Clinton. He excused himself from stopping, as a gentleman waited for him whose business was urgent. He then overtook his charge, and they proceeded until between eight and nine at night, when they were hailed by the sentinel of a patrolling party. This was near Crompond, and about eight miles from Verplanck's Point The sentinel ordered them to stop, and Smith dismounted, gave the bridle of his horse to his servant, walked forward, and inquired who commanded the party. He was answered, 'Captain Boyd,' who, overhearing the conversation, immediately appeared. The captain was unusually inquisitive, and demanded of him who he was, where he belonged, and what was his business.

He then overtook his charge, and they proceeded until between eight and nine at night, when they were hailed by the sentinel of a patrolling party. This was near Crompond, and about eight miles from Verplanck's Point The sentinel ordered them to stop, and Smith dismounted, gave the bridle of his horse to his servant, walked forward, and inquired who commanded the party. He was answered, 'Captain Boyd,' who, overhearing the conversation, immediately appeared. The captain was unusually inquisitive, and demanded of him who he was, where he belonged, and what was his business. Smith answered these questions promptly, adding that he had a pass from General Arnold, and desired not to be detained. The captain was not yet satisfied, but inquired how far he meant to go that night ; to which he replied, as far as Major Strang's or Colonel Drake's ; but' this only increased the embarrassment, for the captain informed him that Major Strang was not at home, and Colonel Drake had removed to another part of the country.

Captain Boyd then said that he must sec the passport ; and, it being dark, they went to a house at a small distance to procure a light Andre began to be a little alarmed, and advanced with reluctance towards the house, till he was encouraged by Smith, who assured him that Arnold's pass would certainly protect them.

And so it proved; for the pass was expressed in positive terms, and there was no room to doubt its genuineness or its authority.

Captain Boyd then said that he must sec the passport ; and, it being dark, they went to a house at a small distance to procure a light Andre began to be a little alarmed, and advanced with reluctance towards the house, till he was encouraged by Smith, who assured him that Arnold's pass would certainly protect them.

And so it proved; for the pass was expressed in positive terms, and there was no room to doubt its genuineness or its authority.

The captain was afterwards more bland in his manner, but the ardor of his curiosity was not diminished. He took Smith aside, and begged to be informed of this important business which carried him down so near the enemy's lines, and induced him and his companion to travel so dangerous a road in the night. As an apology for this inquiry, he manifested a good deal of concern for their safety ; telling him that the cowboys had recently been out, and were believed then to be far up the country -- and he advised him by all means not to proceed till morning. Smith prevaricated as well as he could, saying to Captain Boyd, that he and his fellow-traveler, whom he called Mr. Anderson, were employed by General Arnold to procure intelligence; that they expected to>

THE TOWN OK GREENBURGH.

meet a person near White Plains for that purpose, and that it was necessary for them to go forward as expeditiously as possible.

Upon this statement Captain Boyd seemed more anxious than ever; magnified the perils to which they would be exposed by traveling in the night, and recommended anew that they should turn back to one Andreas Miller's, who lived but a little way off, and at whose house they might lodge. Smith's courage was somewhat damped by these representations, and he went and told the tale to Andre, counselled with him a6 to the steps they ought to take.

Upon this statement Captain Boyd seemed more anxious than ever; magnified the perils to which they would be exposed by traveling in the night, and recommended anew that they should turn back to one Andreas Miller's, who lived but a little way off, and at whose house they might lodge. Smith's courage was somewhat damped by these representations, and he went and told the tale to Andre, counselled with him a6 to the steps they ought to take. It is possible, also, that he had fears of exciting suspicion, if he hesitated in resisting the Captain's zeal expressed so earnestly in their behalf. Andre, as it may well be imagined, not being very easy in his present situation, was for going on at all events. When Smith found his fears unheeded and his eloquence unavailing, he called in the aid of Captain Boyd, and inquired of him which was the safest road to White Plains. Boyd considered both roads perilous, but believed the one through North Castle the least so ; for the lower party, or cow-boys, infested the Tarrytown road, and had lately done mischief in that quarter. He used various arguments to dissuade them from going farther that night, to which Smith listened with open ears ; and he resolved, against the will of Andre, to trespass on the hospitality of Andreas Miller.

They met with a welcome reception ; but coming at a late hour to an humble dwelling, their accommodations were narrow and the two travelers were obliged to sleep in the same bed.

Boyd considered both roads perilous, but believed the one through North Castle the least so ; for the lower party, or cow-boys, infested the Tarrytown road, and had lately done mischief in that quarter. He used various arguments to dissuade them from going farther that night, to which Smith listened with open ears ; and he resolved, against the will of Andre, to trespass on the hospitality of Andreas Miller.

They met with a welcome reception ; but coming at a late hour to an humble dwelling, their accommodations were narrow and the two travelers were obliged to sleep in the same bed.

According to Smith's account, it was a weary and restless night to his companion. The burden on his thoughts was not of a kind to lull them to repose; and the place of his retreat so near the watchful Captain Boyd and his guard, was hardly such as would impress upon him a conviction of perfect security.

At the first dawn of light he roused himself from his troubled slumber, wakened the servant, and ordered the horses to be prepared for an early departure.

Having solicited their host in vain to receive a compensation for the civilities he had rendered, they mounted and took the road leading to Pine's Bridge," which crosses the Croton River on the way to North Castle. The countenance of Andre brightened, when he was fairly beyond the reach of the patrolling party; and, as he thought, he left behind him the principal difficulties in his route. His cheerfulness revived, and he conversed, in the most animated and agreeable strain, upon a great

Having solicited their host in vain to receive a compensation for the civilities he had rendered, they mounted and took the road leading to Pine's Bridge," which crosses the Croton River on the way to North Castle. The countenance of Andre brightened, when he was fairly beyond the reach of the patrolling party; and, as he thought, he left behind him the principal difficulties in his route. His cheerfulness revived, and he conversed, in the most animated and agreeable strain, upon a great

a Spark's Life of Arnold, 214, 215, 216, 21T.

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

variety of topics. Smith professes to have been astonished at the sudden and extraordinary change which appeared in him, from a gloomy taciturnity to an exuberant flow of spirits, pleasantry and gay discourse. He talked upon poetry, the arts, and literature; lamented the war, and hoped for a speedy peace."a As they passed Major Strang's house, two miles below Yorktown church, they were observed by its inmates, who supposed them to be Continental officers. "In this manner they passed along without being accosted by any person, till they came within two miles and a half of Pine's Bridge. At this place Smith had determined to end his journey in the direction of White Plains. The Cow-boys, whom he seemed anxious to avoid, had recently been above the bridge, and the territory below was considered their appropriate domain. The travellers partook of a frugal breakfast together, at the house of a good Dutch woman, who had been plundered by three marauders, but who was yet enabled to set before them a repast of hasty pudding and milk.6 This being dispatched, Smith divided his small stock of paper money with Andre, took a final leave, and, with his servant, hastened back to Peekskill, and the same evening to Fishkill, where he had left his family four days before, at the house of his brother-in-law.

The travellers partook of a frugal breakfast together, at the house of a good Dutch woman, who had been plundered by three marauders, but who was yet enabled to set before them a repast of hasty pudding and milk.6 This being dispatched, Smith divided his small stock of paper money with Andre, took a final leave, and, with his servant, hastened back to Peekskill, and the same evening to Fishkill, where he had left his family four days before, at the house of his brother-in-law. On his way, he took the road leading to Robinson's house, where he called on General Arnold, and dined. He gave an account of Andre's progress, and mentioned the place where he had left him, with which Arnold appeared well pleased. It is to be understood, however, that Smith had not, at this time, as he always affirmed, any knowledge of Andre's true character, and that he supposed his name to be John Anderson.

The Cozv-boys were a set of people, mostly, if not wholly, refugees, belonging to the British side, and engaged in plundering cattle near the lines, and driving them to New York. The name indicates their vocation. There was another description of banditti, called Skinners, who lived, for the most part, within the American lines, and professed attachment to the American cause; but, in reality, they were more unprincipled, perfidious and inhuman than the Cow-boys themselves; for these latter exhibited some symptoms of fellow feeling for their friends, -- whereas, the Skinners committed their depredations equally upon friends and foes.

The Cozv-boys were a set of people, mostly, if not wholly, refugees, belonging to the British side, and engaged in plundering cattle near the lines, and driving them to New York. The name indicates their vocation. There was another description of banditti, called Skinners, who lived, for the most part, within the American lines, and professed attachment to the American cause; but, in reality, they were more unprincipled, perfidious and inhuman than the Cow-boys themselves; for these latter exhibited some symptoms of fellow feeling for their friends, -- whereas, the Skinners committed their depredations equally upon friends and foes.

By a law of the State of New York, every person refusing to take as oath of fidelity to the State was considered as forfeiting his property. The large territory between the American and British lines, extending

a Ibid. 217.

b This was not a Dntch woman, as the historian supposes ; but Mrs. Sarah rnderhlll, wife of Isaac rmlerhill, of Yorktown, whose grandson, Edward Borough rnderhlll, still owns tne iiouse.-- Editor.

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH.

3°7

nearly thirty miles from north to south, and embracing Westchester county, was populous and highly cultivated. A person living within that space, who took the oath of fidelity, was sure to be plundered by the Cmv-boys; and if he did not take it, the Skinners would come down upon him, call him a tory, and seize his property as confiscated by the State. Thus the execution of the laws was assumed by robbers, and the innocent and guilty were involved in a common ruin.

nearly thirty miles from north to south, and embracing Westchester county, was populous and highly cultivated. A person living within that space, who took the oath of fidelity, was sure to be plundered by the Cmv-boys; and if he did not take it, the Skinners would come down upon him, call him a tory, and seize his property as confiscated by the State. Thus the execution of the laws was assumed by robbers, and the innocent and guilty were involved in a common ruin.

"It is true the civil authority endeavored to guard against these outrages, so far as it could, by legislative enactments and executive proclamations ; but, from the nature of the case, this formidable conspiracy against the rights and claims of humanity could be crushed only by a military arm. The detachments of Continental troops and militia, stationed near the lines, did something to lessen the evil, yet they were not adequate to its suppression, and frequently this force was so feeble as not to afford any barrier to the inroads of the banditti.

" The Skinners and Cow-boys often leagued together. The former would sell their plunder to the latter, taking in exchange contraband articles brought from New York. It was not uncommon for the farce of a skirmish to be acted near the American lines, in which the Skinners never failed to come off victorious; and then they would go boldly to the interior with their booty, pretending it had been captured from the enemy while attempting to smuggle it across the lines.

" The Skinners and Cow-boys often leagued together. The former would sell their plunder to the latter, taking in exchange contraband articles brought from New York. It was not uncommon for the farce of a skirmish to be acted near the American lines, in which the Skinners never failed to come off victorious; and then they would go boldly to the interior with their booty, pretending it had been captured from the enemy while attempting to smuggle it across the lines.

" Such was the social condition of that part of the country through which Andre was now to pass alone, for nearly thirty miles, before he could be perfectly secure from danger ; for, although every step diminished the chances of untoward accidents, yet there was no absolute safety till he was beyond the limits of this ill-fated neutral ground. "a

"But Andre had the American general's pass to produce to the one, and his true character to protect him from the other. Still he could not but feel that his situation was one of peril. The remarks he had heard from the captain of the patrol on the preceding night, seems to have induced the adjutant-general to take the Tarrytown road, as the one most frequented by the Coiu-boys ; for it was understood by Smith that he would proceed toward White Plains. Upon what apparently chance circumstances the fate of individuals, and armies, and States, appears to depend ! Had this bearer of ruin to thousands proceeded on the road at first intended, he probably would have accomplished the treason in safety to himself; but a few words uttered at random by the American officer, to Smith, respecting the danger of the road nearest the Hudson,

The remarks he had heard from the captain of the patrol on the preceding night, seems to have induced the adjutant-general to take the Tarrytown road, as the one most frequented by the Coiu-boys ; for it was understood by Smith that he would proceed toward White Plains. Upon what apparently chance circumstances the fate of individuals, and armies, and States, appears to depend ! Had this bearer of ruin to thousands proceeded on the road at first intended, he probably would have accomplished the treason in safety to himself; but a few words uttered at random by the American officer, to Smith, respecting the danger of the road nearest the Hudson,

a Sparka' life of Arnold, 218, 19, 20, 21.

3o8

HISTORY OK THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTLR.

determined the spy to turn that way, as most frequented by his friends, -- and by that heaven-directed turn, impending ruin was averted, and the lives of thousands saved." From Pine's Bridge, the adjutant-general of the British army followed the Crum Pond road, which passed the house of Mr. Staats Hammond. The son of this gentleman, David Hammond, of North Castle was living in, (1847.) at an advanced age. He related, that on the day Andre was taken, he was standing at the door of his father's residence, upon the Crum Pond road, when he observed a person approaching on horseback, leisurely walking his horse. As he rode up, he observed the stranger to be closely enveloped in a light blue swan's down cloak, with high military boots, and a low-crowned and broad brimmed hat on his head. The animal he bestrode was a beautiful bay, bitted with a handsome double snaffle bridle; the mane particularly about the head, being thickly matted with burs. The stranger immediately asked for a drink of water.

He related, that on the day Andre was taken, he was standing at the door of his father's residence, upon the Crum Pond road, when he observed a person approaching on horseback, leisurely walking his horse. As he rode up, he observed the stranger to be closely enveloped in a light blue swan's down cloak, with high military boots, and a low-crowned and broad brimmed hat on his head. The animal he bestrode was a beautiful bay, bitted with a handsome double snaffle bridle; the mane particularly about the head, being thickly matted with burs. The stranger immediately asked for a drink of water. It deserves to be noticed, in connection with this incident, that Mr. Hammond's father -- who was lying, at the time, badly wounded on the floor -- caught a glimpse of the stranger, whom he pronounced to be a spy, from the fact of his being enveloped in the manner described.

David Hammond, having procured a drinking vessel, accompanied by his sister, led the way to the adjoining well. Here the girl drew the water, which was offered to the stranger, who requested David to hold the bridle whilst he drank. After satisfying his thirst, he turned toward Mrs. Hammond, and asked the distance to Tarrytown; she replied, "Four miles." "I did not think it was so far," said he.

At Chappequa, in the vicinity of Underbill's tavern, the spy encoun^ tered several Quakers. From them he again inquired the road, at the same time asking whether any troops were out below, &c.

Here the girl drew the water, which was offered to the stranger, who requested David to hold the bridle whilst he drank. After satisfying his thirst, he turned toward Mrs. Hammond, and asked the distance to Tarrytown; she replied, "Four miles." "I did not think it was so far," said he.

At Chappequa, in the vicinity of Underbill's tavern, the spy encoun^ tered several Quakers. From them he again inquired the road, at the same time asking whether any troops were out below, &c.

At the foot of the Chappequa roads the adjutant-general selected that which leads to the river. Following this, he came out in the Albany post road, near the village of Sparta. He had now securely passed about eleven miles of the neutral ground, and approached within a few hundred yards of the Hudson without interruption, and probably felt himself beyond the reach of detection.

A little north of Tarrytown, the road crosses a small brook, (now called the Andre brook.) A few rods from this spot a period was put to the journey of the spy and the progress of the treason.

On this fated morning some of the inhabitants of Westchester had by agreement taken their arms, and proceeded to the neighborhood of this brook and bridge, to prevent cattle from being driven down towards New York, and to seize as a loyal prize any such cows or oxen as might

JOHN PAULDING'S RESIDENCiS, CORTLAND

THE TOWN OF GKEEN13URGH.

be destined for his majesty's troops by their friends. This patriotic band of seven had volunteered of their own account to go upon this expedition the day previous, Sept. 22d, 17S0. John Yerks, (who was still living in the town of Mount Pleasant, in 1847, aged eighty-eight,) says that he proposed this excursion to John Paulding, both of them being at that time stationed in North Salem.

JOHN PAULDING'S RESIDENCiS, CORTLAND

THE TOWN OF GKEEN13URGH.

be destined for his majesty's troops by their friends. This patriotic band of seven had volunteered of their own account to go upon this expedition the day previous, Sept. 22d, 17S0. John Yerks, (who was still living in the town of Mount Pleasant, in 1847, aged eighty-eight,) says that he proposed this excursion to John Paulding, both of them being at that time stationed in North Salem. The latter at first objected; but, upon further consideration, volunteered his services, provided they could induce a sufficient number to accompany them. This, Yerks assured him, could be easily accomplished, and offered to procure the men ; while Paulding should obtain the necessary permit from the commanding officer. Yerks had in the meantime enlisted three volunteers, viz. : Isaac See, James Romer and Abraham Williams. Paulding soon after returned with the permit, accompanied by his friend, Isaac Van Wart. The party now consisting of six, took the direct road for Cross river. Here they were joined by David Williams from Bedford. From Cross river they proceeded to Pleasantville, formerly Clark's Corner, where they halted for the night. From a lady by the name of Mrs. Powell, (who had recently arrived at this place from Morrisania,) the volunteers ascertained that the British horse from Long Island, New Jersey and New York had advanced from the Island into the neighborhood of Boar hill, Yonkers.

Whilst Andre slept at Crum Pond, our volunteers turned into a hay barrack, (then standing a few yards from the present Methodist church,) at Pleasantville.

From Cross river they proceeded to Pleasantville, formerly Clark's Corner, where they halted for the night. From a lady by the name of Mrs. Powell, (who had recently arrived at this place from Morrisania,) the volunteers ascertained that the British horse from Long Island, New Jersey and New York had advanced from the Island into the neighborhood of Boar hill, Yonkers.

Whilst Andre slept at Crum Pond, our volunteers turned into a hay barrack, (then standing a few yards from the present Methodist church,) at Pleasantville.

Up by times the next morning, the party followed the windings of the Saw Mill valley to the house of Capt. Jacob Romer, where they obtained breakfast and a basket well provided for their dinner. From this place they marched to the hill immediately above Tarrytown. Here it was agreed that three of the number, viz. : Paulding, Van Wart and David Williams, should go below, whilst the remaining four should watch the road above, with the full understanding, (according to Yerks,) that whatever might be taken should be equally divided among the whole band.

The upper party were stationed two hundred yards east on the hill above the lower party, the latter being concealed in the bushes near the post-road.

At Smith's trial, (which was by a court martial, and commenced the day after Andre's examination, Paulding and Williams gave the following testimony. Paulding said, "myself, Isaac Van Wart and David Williams, were lying by the side of the road about half a mile above Tarrytown, and about fifteen miles above King's Bridge, on Saturday morning between nine and ten o'clock, on the 23d of September. We had lain there about one hour and a half, as near as I can recollect, and saw

At Smith's trial, (which was by a court martial, and commenced the day after Andre's examination, Paulding and Williams gave the following testimony. Paulding said, "myself, Isaac Van Wart and David Williams, were lying by the side of the road about half a mile above Tarrytown, and about fifteen miles above King's Bridge, on Saturday morning between nine and ten o'clock, on the 23d of September. We had lain there about one hour and a half, as near as I can recollect, and saw

310 ' HISTORY OK THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

several persons we were acquainted with, whom we let pass. Presently one of the young men who were with me, said, ' There comes a gentleman-like looking man who appears to be well dressed and has boots on, and whom you had better step out and stop, if you don't know him. (The party must have observed Andre rising the hill out of Sleepy Hollow; when first observed, he was walking his horse.) On that, I got up and presented my firelock at the breast of the person and told him to stand, and then I asked him which way he was going ? ' Gentlemen,' said he, ' I hope you belong to our party.' I asked him what party. He said 'the lower party.' Upon that, I told him I did Then he said, 'I am a British officer out of the country on particular business, and I hope you will not detain me a minute ; ' and to show that he was a British officer he pulled out his watch, upon which I told him to dismount. He then said, ' My God ! I must do anything to get along,' and seemed to make a kind of laugh of it, and pulled out General Arnold's pass, which was to John Anderson to pass all the guards to White Plains and below; upon that he dismounted.

He said 'the lower party.' Upon that, I told him I did Then he said, 'I am a British officer out of the country on particular business, and I hope you will not detain me a minute ; ' and to show that he was a British officer he pulled out his watch, upon which I told him to dismount. He then said, ' My God ! I must do anything to get along,' and seemed to make a kind of laugh of it, and pulled out General Arnold's pass, which was to John Anderson to pass all the guards to White Plains and below; upon that he dismounted. Said he, 'Gentlemen, you had best let me go, or you will bring yourselves into trouble ; for your stopping me will detain the General's business, and said he was going to Dobb's Ferry to meet a person there, and get intelligence for General Arnold.'

" Upon that I told him I hoped he would not be offended, that we did not mean to take any thing from him. And I told him there were many bad people who were going along the road, and I did not know but perhaps he might be one." Mr. Paulding said further that he asked the unknown gentleman his name, and he answered, " John Anderson." •That on seeing General Arnold's pass he should have let him go, if he had not previously said he was a British officer ; (there was yet another circumstance which tended greatly to increase their suspicions, viz : that his pass was for White Plains and not the Tarrytown road;) and that when he pulled out his watch, he understood it as a confirmation of that assertion, and not as offering it to him.

Paulding said further that he asked the unknown gentleman his name, and he answered, " John Anderson." •That on seeing General Arnold's pass he should have let him go, if he had not previously said he was a British officer ; (there was yet another circumstance which tended greatly to increase their suspicions, viz : that his pass was for White Plains and not the Tarrytown road;) and that when he pulled out his watch, he understood it as a confirmation of that assertion, and not as offering it to him.

Mr. Williams confirmed the above statement with these particulars : " We took him into the bushes, and ordered him to pull off his tlothes,. which he did ; but, on searching him narrowly, we could not find any sort of writings. We told him to pull off his boots, which he seemed indifferent about ; but we got one boot off, and searched in that boot, and could find nothing. But we found there were some papers in the bottom of his stocking next to his foot, on which we made him pull his stockings off, and found three papers wrapped up. Mr. Paulding looked at the contents, and said he was a spy. We then made him pull off his

CAPTURE OP ANDRi;

THE TOWN OF CREENBURGH.

3"

other boot, and there we found three more papers at the bottom of his foot within his stocking."

The following letters and documents were found in the stockings of Major Andre : --

But we found there were some papers in the bottom of his stocking next to his foot, on which we made him pull his stockings off, and found three papers wrapped up. Mr. Paulding looked at the contents, and said he was a spy. We then made him pull off his

CAPTURE OP ANDRi;

THE TOWN OF CREENBURGH.

3"

other boot, and there we found three more papers at the bottom of his foot within his stocking."

The following letters and documents were found in the stockings of Major Andre : --

THE ANDRE PAPERS.

[From the originals in the possession of Colonel Beeckman, (a) of Flatbush, Long Island.] a Col. Beeckman Is the grandson and lineal decendant of Governor George Clinton.

No. 1.-- Pass.

[Endorsed,]

Pass from General Arnold, dated September 20, 17S0, to Joshua Smith and Mr John Anderson, to pass the guards at Kings Ferry.

Head Quarters, Robinson's House, September 20, 1780.

Permission is given to Joshua Smith, Esquire, a gentleman, Mr. John Anderson, who is with him, and his two servants, to pass and repass the guards near King's Ferry at all times.

(Signed,) B. Arnold, M. Gen'l.

No. 2.

[Endorsed,] Sept. 22, 1780.

Pass to Joshua Smith to pass the White Plains.

Head Quarters, Robinson's House, September 22, 17S0.

Joshua Smith, Esq., has permission to pass the Guards to the White Plains, and to return, being on public business, by my direction.

(Signed,) B. Arnold, M. Gen'l.

No. 3.

[Letter endorsed to]

"Thomas Smith, Esq., Haverstraw."

John Anderson, who is with him, and his two servants, to pass and repass the guards near King's Ferry at all times.

(Signed,) B. Arnold, M. Gen'l.

No. 2.

[Endorsed,] Sept. 22, 1780.

Pass to Joshua Smith to pass the White Plains.

Head Quarters, Robinson's House, September 22, 17S0.

Joshua Smith, Esq., has permission to pass the Guards to the White Plains, and to return, being on public business, by my direction.

(Signed,) B. Arnold, M. Gen'l.

No. 3.

[Letter endorsed to]

"Thomas Smith, Esq., Haverstraw."

Robinson's House, Sept. 2oth, 17S0. Deah Brother : -- I am here a prisoner, and am therefore unable to attend in person. I would be obliged to you if you 'would deliver to Captain Cairns, of Lee's Dragoons, a Britisn Uniform Coat, which you will find in one of the drawers in the room above stairs. I would be happy to sec you. Remember me to your family. I am. affectionately, yours,

(Signed,) Joshua H. Smith.

Thomas Smith, Esq.

No. 4.

[Endorsed.] Memo. Hennirut, [a word not intelligible.] Elijah Hunter. Mr. I. Johnson, B. R r.

Mr. J. Stewart, to the care of Joshua Smith Esq., to be left at Head Q'rs. Isaac Adams, 5 ,. 5 ,, 5.

3i2 ' HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTSR.

No. 5.

[Endorsed, ] AnK)ld,a permission to Joshua Smith

21 Sep. 1780. to Dobb's Ferry,

&c. &c.

Head Quarters, Robinson's House, Sept. 21, 1780.

Permission is granted to Joshua Smith, Esq., to go to Dobb's Ferry with thfetTn and a'Boy in a Boat with a Flag to carry some Letters of a pnvate Sure1 for Gentlemen in New York and to Return -- el^ ^ ^

Isaac Adams, 5 ,. 5 ,, 5.

3i2 ' HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTSR.

No. 5.

[Endorsed, ] AnK)ld,a permission to Joshua Smith

21 Sep. 1780. to Dobb's Ferry,

&c. &c.

Head Quarters, Robinson's House, Sept. 21, 1780.

Permission is granted to Joshua Smith, Esq., to go to Dobb's Ferry with thfetTn and a'Boy in a Boat with a Flag to carry some Letters of a pnvate Sure1 for Gentlemen in New York and to Return -- el^ ^ ^

N. B.-HCedhas permission to go at such hours and times as the tide and his

business suits.

Sept. 22, 1780.

P***8*1 Pa* to Joshua Smith to ^2^^ House,

' Sept. 22. 17S0.

J08l.ua Smith, Esq. has peraissiou to pass with a Boat and toe baud, a»d a

- *-- b»taaS '°d 10 retU™ nSSf M. Geo',. (Signed,)

No. 7.

[Endorsed,] Arnold to John Anderson-Pass.^ ^ ^

Head Quarters, Robinson's House, Sept. 22, 1780.

Permit Mr. John Anderson to pass the Guards to the White Plains, or below, if He Choses, He being on Public Business by my »™^ou>, M. Gen'l.

[In Arnold's hand-writing.] ' ' Gustavus to John Anderson ." ^

attack to the best advantage. It is, ot course, in hand-writing:-- Nq g

[Endorsed,] Artillery Orders, Sept. 5th, 1780

W'st Point, Sept. 5, 1780.

disposition 0, the corpsUto tah, piace ja Wchh 'Souh. a»d the like uumbe, to Redoubt No. 4.

THE TOWS OF GRKENBURGH.

Capt. Thomas and Company to repair to Fort Arnold.

Capt. Simmons and Company to remain at the North and South Redoubts, at the East side of the River, until further orders.

attack to the best advantage. It is, ot course, in hand-writing:-- Nq g

[Endorsed,] Artillery Orders, Sept. 5th, 1780

W'st Point, Sept. 5, 1780.

disposition 0, the corpsUto tah, piace ja Wchh 'Souh. a»d the like uumbe, to Redoubt No. 4.

THE TOWS OF GRKENBURGH.

Capt. Thomas and Company to repair to Fort Arnold.

Capt. Simmons and Company to remain at the North and South Redoubts, at the East side of the River, until further orders.

Lieut. Barber, with 20 men of Capt. Jackson's Company will repair to Constitution Island ; the remainder of the Company with Lieut. Mason's will repair to Arnold.

Capt. Lieut. George and Lieut. Blake with 20 men of Capt. Troadwcll's Company, will repair to Redoubt No. 1 and 2, the remainder of the Company will be sent to Fort Arnold.

Late Jones's Company with Lieut. Fisk to repair to the South Battery.

The Chain Battery Sherburn's Redoubt, and the Brass Field pieces will be manned from Fort Arnold as Occasion may require.

The Commissary and Conductor of Military stores will in turn wait upon the Commanding Officer of Artillery for Orders.

The Artificers in the Garrison, (agreeable to former Orders.) will repair to Fort Arnold, and their receive further Orders froai the Command'g Officer of Artillery, J. Bauman Major Comm't Artillery.

No. 10.

[Endorsed,] [In the Traitor's own hand.]

Estimate of the Forces at West Point, and its dependencies, Sept. 1780.

Estimate of the Forces at W'st Point and its dependencies, Sept. 13th, 1780 A Brigade of Massachusetts Malitia and two Regiments of Rank and

The Commissary and Conductor of Military stores will in turn wait upon the Commanding Officer of Artillery for Orders.

The Artificers in the Garrison, (agreeable to former Orders.) will repair to Fort Arnold, and their receive further Orders froai the Command'g Officer of Artillery, J. Bauman Major Comm't Artillery.

No. 10.

[Endorsed,] [In the Traitor's own hand.]

Estimate of the Forces at West Point, and its dependencies, Sept. 1780.

Estimate of the Forces at W'st Point and its dependencies, Sept. 13th, 1780 A Brigade of Massachusetts Malitia and two Regiments of Rank and

file New Hampshire Inclusion of 166 Batteaux Men at Verplanks

and Stoney Points, 992 On command and Extra Service at Fish Kill?, New Windsor, &c. &c,

who may be called in occationally, 852 8 Regiments of Connecticut Militia under the Com'd of Colonel Well3

on the lines near N. Castle, 488 A Detachment of N. York Levies on the lines, 115

Militia 2447 Colonel Lamb's Regiment 167 Colonel Livington at Verplank and Stony Fts 80

Continent • 247

Colonel Sheldon's Dragoons od the lines about one-half mounted 142 Batteaux Men and Artificers 250

No. 11. Total 3086

[La Arnold's hand.]

[Endorsed,]

Estimate of Men to Man the Works at West Point, &c. Sep'r 1780.

Estimate of the Number of men Necessary to Man the Works at West Point and in the Vicinity. Fort Arnold 620

Putnam 450

Wyllys 140

Webb 140

314 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCIIESTE" I

N. B.

Redoubt No. 1

l,)V

ditto

ditto

Colonel Sheldon's Dragoons od the lines about one-half mounted 142 Batteaux Men and Artificers 250

No. 11. Total 3086

[La Arnold's hand.]

[Endorsed,]

Estimate of Men to Man the Works at West Point, &c. Sep'r 1780.

Estimate of the Number of men Necessary to Man the Works at West Point and in the Vicinity. Fort Arnold 620

Putnam 450

Wyllys 140

Webb 140

314 HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCIIESTE" I

N. B.

Redoubt No. 1

l,)V

ditto

ditto

ditto

ditto

ditto

ditto

North Redoubt

South Redoubt

Total

Yillcpance, Engineer. The Artillery Men are not Included in the above Estimate.

o 0 3 o = S r 2? ^ 3" ~ 0 o ,3 0 -- 2 -J; - - =. - X 3 3.

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1/1

THE TOWN OF GREENBURGH.

"The virulence and malice of Arnold's treachery are no where more manifest and detestable than in the following document. See how the arch fiend exposes the weakness of the forts -- the ease with which they could be set on fire -- the facilities of approach -- the commanding heights and rising grounds, Szc. The whole, too, an expose intended expressly for the British ; and yet endorsed as if it had been a memorandum for his own private use, and for General Washington :

No. 12. [In the traitor's own hand.]

[Endorsed,]

Remarks on works at Wt. Point, a copy to be transmitted to His Excell'y General Washington. Sepr. 1780.

Fort Arnold is built of Dry Fascines and "Wood, is in a ruinous condition, incomplete, and subject to take Fire from Shells or Canasses.

Fort Putnam, stone, wanting great repairs, the wall on the East side broke down, and rebuilding From the Foundation at the West and South side have been a C'hevaux de Frise on the Wst side broke in many places. The East side open, two Boom Proof and Provision Magazine in the Fort, and slight Wooden Barrack. -- A commanding piece of ground 500 yards West between the Fort and No. 4-- or Rocky Hill. --

Fort Putnam, stone, wanting great repairs, the wall on the East side broke down, and rebuilding From the Foundation at the West and South side have been a C'hevaux de Frise on the Wst side broke in many places. The East side open, two Boom Proof and Provision Magazine in the Fort, and slight Wooden Barrack. -- A commanding piece of ground 500 yards West between the Fort and No. 4-- or Rocky Hill. --

Fort Webb Built of Fascines and Wood, a slight Work very dry and liable to be set on fire as the approaches are very easy, without defences save a alight abathus.

Fort Wyllys built of stone 5 feet high the work above plank filled with Earth and stone work 15 feet the Earth 9 feet thick. -- No Bomb Proofs, the Batteries without the Fort.

Redoubt No. 1. On the south side wood nine feet thick, the Wt. North and East sides 4 feet thick, no cannon in the works, a slight and single Abatters, no ditch or pickctt. Cannon on two batteries. No Bomb Proofs.

Redoubt No. 2. The same as No. 1. No Bomb Proofs.

Redoubt No. 2. A slight Wood Work 3 Feet thick very Dry no Bomb Proofs, a single Abatters, the work easily set on fire -- no Cannon.

Redoubt No. 4. A Wooden work about 10 feet high and four or five feet thick, the West side faced with a stone wall 8 feet high and four thick. No Bomb Proof, two six pounders, a slight Abatters, a commanding piece of ground 500 yards Wt.

No Bomb Proofs.

Redoubt No. 2. A slight Wood Work 3 Feet thick very Dry no Bomb Proofs, a single Abatters, the work easily set on fire -- no Cannon.

Redoubt No. 4. A Wooden work about 10 feet high and four or five feet thick, the West side faced with a stone wall 8 feet high and four thick. No Bomb Proof, two six pounders, a slight Abatters, a commanding piece of ground 500 yards Wt.

The North Redoubt on the East side built of stone 4 feet high, above the stone wood filled in with Earth, Very Dry, no ditch, a Bomb Proof, three Batteries without the Fort, a poor Abatters, a Rising piece of ground 500 yards. So, the approaches Under Covor to within 20 yards. -- The Work easily fired with Faggots diptd in Pitch, &c.

South Redoubt much the same as the North a Commanding piece of ground 600 yards due East-- 3 Batteries without the Fort.

"The following document explains itself: --

HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF WESTCHESTER.

No. 13. [In Arnold's hand-writing.]

[Endorsed,]

Copy of a Council of War, held Sept. 6th, 1780. At a Council of War, held in Camp Bergen County Sept. 6th, 1780. Present -- the Commander-in-Chief.

The Commander-in-Chief states to the Council, that since he had the honor of laying before the General Officers, at Morristown, the 6th of June last, a general view of our circumstances, several important events have occurred which have materially changed the prospects of the Campaign.

No. 13. [In Arnold's hand-writing.]

[Endorsed,]

Copy of a Council of War, held Sept. 6th, 1780. At a Council of War, held in Camp Bergen County Sept. 6th, 1780. Present -- the Commander-in-Chief.

The Commander-in-Chief states to the Council, that since he had the honor of laying before the General Officers, at Morristown, the 6th of June last, a general view of our circumstances, several important events have occurred which have materially changed the prospects of the Campaign.

That the success expected from France, instead of coming out in one body and producing a Naval Superiority in these Seas, has been divided into two Divisions, the first of which only consisting of seven ships of the line, one forty -four and three smaller Frigates, with five thousand land Forces, had arrived at Rhode Island.

That a reinforcement of six ships of the line from England having reinforced the Enenvy, had made their Naval Force in these seas amount to Nine Sail of the Line, Two Fifties, two forty-fours, and a number of smaller Frigates, a Force completely superior to that of our Allies, and which has in consequence held them Blocked up in the harbor of Rhode Island till the 2Sth ult., at which Period the British Fleet disappeared, and no advice of them has since been received.

That accounts received by the Alliance Frigate, which left France in July, announce the Second Division to be Confined in Brest with several other Ships by a British Fleet of thirty-two Sail of the line, and a Fleet of the Allies, of Thirtysix, or thirty-eight Ships of the line ready to put to sea from Cadiz to relieve the Port of Brest.

That a reinforcement of six ships of the line from England having reinforced the Enenvy, had made their Naval Force in these seas amount to Nine Sail of the Line, Two Fifties, two forty-fours, and a number of smaller Frigates, a Force completely superior to that of our Allies, and which has in consequence held them Blocked up in the harbor of Rhode Island till the 2Sth ult., at which Period the British Fleet disappeared, and no advice of them has since been received.

That accounts received by the Alliance Frigate, which left France in July, announce the Second Division to be Confined in Brest with several other Ships by a British Fleet of thirty-two Sail of the line, and a Fleet of the Allies, of Thirtysix, or thirty-eight Ships of the line ready to put to sea from Cadiz to relieve the Port of Brest.

That most of the States In their answers to the requisitions made of them, give the strongest assurances of doing every thing in their power to furnish the men and supplies required for the expected Co-operation. The effect of which, however, has been far short of our expectations, for not much above one-third of the Levies demanded for the Continental Battallious, nor above the same proportion of Militia have been assembled, and the Supplies have been so inadequate that there was a necessity for dismissing all the Militia, whose immediate services could be dispensed with to lessen our Consumption, notwithstanding which the Troops now in the Field are severely suffering for want of Provision.

The effect of which, however, has been far short of our expectations, for not much above one-third of the Levies demanded for the Continental Battallious, nor above the same proportion of Militia have been assembled, and the Supplies have been so inadequate that there was a necessity for dismissing all the Militia, whose immediate services could be dispensed with to lessen our Consumption, notwithstanding which the Troops now in the Field are severely suffering for want of Provision.

That the army at this Post and in the vicinity in operating Force consists of 10,400 Continental Troops and about 400 Militia, besides which is a Regiment of Continental Troops of about 500 at Rhode Islsnd left there for the assistance of our Allies, against any attempt of the Enemy that way, and two Connecticut State Regiments amounting to 800 at North Castle.

That the Times for Service for which the Levies are Engaged will expire the first of January which, if not replaced, allowing for the usual Casualties, will reduce the Continental Army to less than 6000 men.

That since the state of the Council above referred to, the Enemy have brought a detachment of about 3000 men from Charles Town to New York, which makes the present operating Force iu this Quarter between Ten and Eleven Thousand men.

THE TOWN OF GREEN ISURGH.

That the Enemies Force now in the Southern States has not been lately ascertained by any distinct accounts, but the General supposes it cannot be less than 7,000 (of which about 2,000 are at Savannah) in this estiuiate the Diminution by the Casualties of the Climate, is supposed to be equal to the increase of Force derived from the Disaffected.

That since the state of the Council above referred to, the Enemy have brought a detachment of about 3000 men from Charles Town to New York, which makes the present operating Force iu this Quarter between Ten and Eleven Thousand men.

THE TOWN OF GREEN ISURGH.

That the Enemies Force now in the Southern States has not been lately ascertained by any distinct accounts, but the General supposes it cannot be less than 7,000 (of which about 2,000 are at Savannah) in this estiuiate the Diminution by the Casualties of the Climate, is supposed to be equal to the increase of Force derived from the Disaffected.

That added to the loss of Charles Town and its Garrison accounts of a recent misfortune are just arrived from Major General Oaten, giving advice of a general action which happened on the 16th of August near Campden, in which the army under his Command met with a total defeat, and in all probability the whole of the Continental Troops, and a considerable part of the Militia would be cut off.

The State of Virginia has been sometime exerting itself to raise a Body of 3,000 Troops to serve till the end of December, 1781, but how far it has succeeded is not known.

That Maryland had resolved to raise 2,000 Men of which a sufficient number to compose one Battallion was to have come to this army. The remainder to recruit the Maryland line -- but in consequence of the late advices, an order has been sent to march the whole Southward.

The State of Virginia has been sometime exerting itself to raise a Body of 3,000 Troops to serve till the end of December, 1781, but how far it has succeeded is not known.