Hubbard's Indian Wars^ 94, 98, 188 ; Colonial History, jv, 902, etc. ;

time of the discovery they were a powerful

Brodheatfs New York, 11, 294. The Indians began to have a value in the hands of the French as well as the To both parties they were the English.

Schoolcraffs Ind. Nat., v, 222, etc.

most effective soldiers that could be proefforts

to

secure

their

removal to the

Hudson river after their disastrous defeat in the war under King Philip. At the tribe.

THE INDIAN TRIBES

difficulty,

and subsequently the Indian fortresses of the High

lands became the receptable of Dutch

prisoners.

The Dutch

To each

knew very little of tribal organizations or tribal laws.

they gave the dignity of a tribe, and undertook to hold with them separate covenants. The Makicans made a very village

wide distinction between the Dutch at Fort Orange and those at

Fort Amsterdam, and it was not

until Kieft

made his treaty

with them in 1645, that he had peace. With the subsequent crumbling up of the clans more exposed to European influences,

and the debris which remained after the retirement of their more active members, the result was the same in all parts of the country, whether Mahicans, Lenapes, or Mohawks. In considering the political relations of the LENAPES they should be regarded as the most formidable of the Indian con federacies at the time of the discovery of America, and as hav ing maintained for many years the position which subsequently to the Iroquois, rather than as having been subjugated by the