[Edward Manning Ruttenber (1906)] notice particularly after 1693-4, when the Tortoise tribe retreated from Caughnawaga and located their principal town on the west side of the stream a short distance south of its junction with the Mohawk, taking with them their ancient title of "The First Mohawk Castle," and where its location became known by the name of _Ti-onondar-aga_ and _Ti-ononta-ogen;_ but later from the location on the creek about sixteen miles above its mouth of what was known in modern times as "The Third Mohawk Castle," more frequently called "The Schohare Castle," a mixed aggregation of Mohawks and Tuscaroras who had been converted by the Jesuit missionaries and persuaded to remove to Canada, but subsequently induced to return. "A few emigrants at Schohare," wrote Sir William Johnson in 1763. In the same district was also gathered a settlement of Mahicans and other Algonquian emigrants. From the elements which were gathered in both settlements came what were, long known as the Schohare Indians. The early record name of the creek, _To-was-sho'hare,_ was rendered for me by Mr. J. B. N. Hewitt, of the Bureau of Ethnology, _T-yo^c-skoⁿ-hà-re,_ "An obstruction by drift wood." [FN] In Colonial History, "_Skohere_, the Bear," means that the chief so called was of the Bear tribe. He was otherwise known by the title, "He is the great wood-drift." * * * * * [FN] "Schoharie, according to Brant, is an Indian word signifying drift or flood-wood, the creek of that name running at the foot of a steep