of the High Dutch in North America their Joshua, and a pure Lutheran preacher of the same on the east and west side of the Hudson River. His first arrival was with Lord Lovelace in 1709, the first of January. His second with Col. Hunter, 17 10, the fourteenth of June. The journey of his soul to Heaven on St. John's day 17 19, interrupted his return to England. Do you wish to know more ? Seek in Melancthon's Fatherland who was Kocherthal, who Harschias, who Winchen- bach? Through Saugerties and along that shore of the river, in the eighteenth century, a tri- weekly mail from New York to Albany was carried by a post-rider on horse- back, and this mail, we may suppose, was never burden- some enough to distress his horse. But now we may turn our attention again for a while to the eastern shore of the stream. We find ourselves in what may be known as the land of the Livingstons. Mr. Ellis H. Roberts points out that in the assembly of 1759, consisting of twenty-seven members, no less than four Livingstons sat: Philip for New York, William for the Manor, and Robert and Henry for Dutchess. By alliance by marriage with the Schuylers and the Jays, and by its wealth, the Livingston family held a pre-eminence rarely equalled in this country. A To write fully the local history of TivoH, Hyde Park, ''^and the neighbouring region would be to undertake the extensive chronicle of that prominent family. The Digitized by Microsoft® Saugerties and its Neighbours 477 name of Livingston is intimately connected with the story of New York State and particularly with its great river. Robert Livingston, the immediate pro- genitor of'tilie American branch of the family, was of Scotch parpptage. He settled first in Albany, where he was employed as secretary by the Commissioners of Indian Affairs, acquiring several lots of land from the Indians. In 1710, he had his various purchases and grants consolidated into an estate of something more than a hundred and fifty thousand acres, which was secured by a patent that was burdened with the stipu- lation that for the enjoyment of this wilderness he should pay an annual rent amounting in value to about three and a half dollars. Nothing now remains of the old manor-house which he erected at the mouth of Roeleff Jansen's Kill, or Ancram Creek. Six thousand acres of Robert Livingston's land was bought the same year that the grant was dated by the government for the use of the unfortunate Palatines. Early in the eighteenth century, the tenants of the Livingston Manor were allowed one representative, elected by the freeholders, in the colonial Legislature, and in 17 16 the lord of the Manor was chosen for that office. When the old proprietor died, he was suc- ceeded by his son, Robert R., in the ownership of the lower part of the Manor. There he built a fine man- sion, which he named Clermont. This was Judge Livingston, the father of that Robert R. who was Chan- cellor of the State of New York. The latter was born Digitized by Microsoft® 478 The Hudson River in old Clermont, but soon after his marriage built for himself a mansion a short distance to the south of his father's house. Both of these dwellings were burned by the British under General Vaughan in 1777. The commodious dwelling that the Chancellor built upon the ruins of his former home is the one upon which has centred all the sacredness of family traditions, as it was here that he closed, his busy career in 1813. We have elsewhere referred to his connection with Robert Fulton in the production of the first successful steamboat. Fulton married a niece of Livingston's, whose own wife was the daughter of that John Stevens who owned most of the site of Hoboken, and sister of the second John Stevens, the builder of the first ocean- going steamer. The atmosphere in which he lived seems to have been surcharged with the spirit of in- vention. The origin of the fallacious tradition that the Clermont steamer was built near Tivoli may be found in a story mentioned by Lossing, to the effect that Nesbit, the Englishman whose experiments were encouraged by Livingston in 1797, did build an un- successful steamboat in De Koven's Bay, just below Upper Red Hook landing. It was at De Koven's Bay that the British landed when they burned old Clermont. They made a demon- stration at the house of John Swift Livingston, another descendant of the original proprietor, but were met with such jovial hospitality that they were pleased to forego the burning. It was a case where the cellar Digitized by Microsoft® Saugerties and its Neighbours 479 saved the house,