Note that in horizontal bars the latest

year is usually at the bottom so that the reader looks down from the top rather than up from the bottom.

GRAPHIC PRESENTATION

Abstracts from Time Series Charts. A Manual of Design and Construction, 1938, prepared by Committee on Standards for Graphic Presentation, under procedure of American Standards Association, with The American Society of Mechanical Engineers as sponsor body.

Specific column designs or shadings ore recommended os follows:

Id) Black IsolidI for general use for narrow columns. However, a series of long narrow columns filled in solid may cause an unpleasant optical effect. In segmented column charts, black is good for the bottom segments if they are not too large.

(b| Vertical Line Shading is recommended for general use as pleasing In appearance and easy to construct.

Id Diogonal Line Shading is useful only in small segments as optical illusion results if any appreciable length of column is shaded with this design, as illustrated at the right.

Idl Horizontal Line Shading has limited usefulness and is not generolly recommended.

(el Crosshatch Shading (diagonal! is recommended in place of black for wide columns. Crosshatch shading mode by crossing verticol and horizontal lines is not recommended.

If) Dotted Shading (pebbled or stippled) is sometimes effective for columns of medium width and particularly for small segments for charts in which a third or fourth distinguishing shading is needed.

(g) Hollow columns, if distinctly wider or narrower than the space between and outlined with a heavy line.