GRAPHIC PRESENTATION WILLARD C. 8RINTON %^ From the collection of the o Prepiger ^ JUibrary a t P San Francisco, California /$ <e. $.''>i''*^ a C^-A ^ Unitid Sutci ^^^^^H America ] o t « •< » ■llllimrMg ^■■UM*-VM ■^^^^^l Gcnnanjr ^ J Dcomark Portug'al ^■^"'"■■iiiiil ^B Flandcn Han* Town* ^^ Venice Ic Genoa \ 1 ' ^^ Spain Co«...n..nopl. w * z K "1 Alexandria…

TABLEAUX D'ARITHMETIQUE LINEAIRE DU COMMERCE, 1789 LINEAL ARITHMETIC, 1798 STATISTICAL BREVIARY, 1801 AN INQUIRY INTO THE PERMANENT CAUSES OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF POWERFUL AND WEALTHY NATIONS. 1st ed, 1805; 2nd ed., 1807 STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA By D. F. DONNANT. Translated From the French By WILLIAM PLAYFAIR. Chart and Preface Also By WILLIAM PLAYFAIR. 1805 …

92- 97 10. 100% Bar Charts 98-105 11. Comparison of 100% Bar Charts 106-114 12. Multiple Bar Charts 115-120 13. Contrasting Bar Charts -- 121-131 14. Pictorial Unit Bar Charts 132-141 15. Comparison of Component Bar Charts 142-148 16. Bilateral Bar Charts 149-152 17. Area Bar Charts 1 53-1 60 18. General Use of Maps 1 61 -1 69 19. Guide and Route Maps 170-177 20. Relief and Aerial Maps …

Graphs are pure quantity, stripped of verbal sham, reduced to dimension, vivid, unescapable. Graphs are all inclusive. No fact is too slight or too great to plot to a scale suited to the eye. Graphs may record the path of an ion or the orbit of the sun, the rise of a civilization, or the acceleration of a bullet, the climate of a century or the varying pressure of a heart beat, the growth of …

We are learning its alphabet. That it will develop a lexicon and a literature marvelous for its vividness and the variety of application is inevitable. Graphs are dynamic, dramatic. They may epitomize an epoch, each dot a fact, each slope an event, each curve a history. Wherever there are data to record, inferences to draw, or facts to tell, graphs furnish the unrivalled means whose power we a…

However, to copy any materials here credited to others, care must be exercised to secure permission from the original sources. Copyright, Brinton Associates, 1939 First Edition Also by Willard C. Brinton GRAPHIC METHODS FOR PRESENTING FACTS. 1914 Published by McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. New York City Printed in the United States of America TABLE OF CONTENTS When a chapter name or num…

Relationship Charts 68 Interrelations. 8. Flow Charts 73 Source and Distribution Chart. Traffic Chart. Activity Chart. Cost-Accounting Chart. Cosmograph. 9. Sector Charts 81 Area and Angle Comparisons. Subdivided Sector Charts. Cumulative Charts. Charts Showing Assets and Liabilities. 10. 100% Bar Charts 92 Single Bars. Bar Chart Stamp. Percentage Distributions. Cumulative Charts. 11. Comp…

Maps Showing Sourcfe of Materials. Geographic Organization Charts. Comparisons of Geographic Areas. Pictorial Maps. 20. Relief and Aerial Maps 170 Oldest Known Map. Bird's-Eye View Maps. Diagram Maps. Statistical Relief Maps. Block Diagrams. Azimuthal Projection. 21. Crosshatched and Colored Maps 178 Comparison of Ben Day Shadings and Colors. Sampling Maps. Density Maps. Mechanical Intensity…

Chronology Charts 248 Time Analysis and Time Studies. Chart for Assigning Vacations. 32. Progress Charts 256 Time Studies. Material Control Board. Production Progress Chart. Gantt Charts. 33. Curve Charts 263 One Curve on a Grid. Visual Captions. Historical Labels. Stair Charts. Deviation from Normal. 34. Comparison With Two Curves 275 Cumulative Curves. Causal Relationships. High-Low Cur…

Photographs. Isometric Block Diagram. Isometric Protractor. Trilinear Chart. 43. Composite Charts 360 Methods of Combining Various Types of Charts. 44. Suggestions for Making a Chart 367 Helpful Techniques. Sources of Materials. Methods of Lettering. Ink Colors. Crayons. Colored Papers. 45. Standards for Time Series Charts 381 Abstracts from Time Series Charts. A Manual of Design and Const…

Lithoprints. Multilith. 51. Methods of Printing 435 Relief, Planographic, and Intaglio Printing. Typesetting. Type Sizes and Styles. Photoengraving, Electrotyping, and Line Plates. Proofreaders' Marks. 52. Selection of Paper 443 Types of Paper. Considerations in the Selection of Paper. Bulkink Table. 53. Binding Techniques 449 Types of Binding. Binding Specifications. Imposition. 54. Graph…

This, in spite of the fact that I have published nothing regarding activities of my own relating to the 1914-1918 World War period. Probably the feverish demand for prompt and reliable data during war times did more to stimulate the use of graphic chart technique than anything that has happened since 1920. Without realizing what was happening as the war flared, I found myself advising the exe…

Establishing, in a Broadway office building, control methods for quicker "tum-arounds" of eighty-five ships chartered by the Belgian Relief Commission had little relation to strategy in the president's office of a steel company with twenty thousand employees in Pittsburgh, or scheduling, at New Haven, Connecticut, two thousand tool makers scattered in shops throughout New England to assist in …

Since the close of the World War, other activities have crowded into the background my interest in graphic charts and human reactions to them. It was impossible, however, to resist tearing from magazines and newspapers thousands of examples of particularly interesting or especially erratic graphic charts. These were added to examples which had come, in what Hollywood would call "fan ma…

I visited the Huntington Library on the last day before starting North and East. While observing some unusually fine types of early bookbinding and the repairs made to the bindings on some of the Library's most precious volumes, it occurred to me to ask the Librarian, Dr. Leslie Bliss, what books the library had by William Playfair, to whom this book is dedicated. In a few minutes there was b…

I was also much struck by the fact that the subject matter of the book referred to industry, commerce, and finance in the United States, that the preface by William Playfair mentioned conversations between himself and Thomas Jefferson, that the book was inscribed to Jefferson, and that twentyfive copies had been sent to him. When I wrote Graphic Methods in 1914. I had never heard of William P…

With all that Playfair did to show the effectiveness of graphic chart methods from his first book, published in 1786 at the age of twenty-seven, till his death in 1823, why have not graphic charts become more thoroughly established as a universal language? Another interest was aroused as to the part which engineers have played in the development of the graphic language, since I noted in Califo…

In recent years, some weeds seem to have sprung up to retard the growth of the more cultivated graphics which had been developing strongly with numerous offshoots since the World War stimulus. As in a garden where there is sometimes the policy of deciding in the early stages which are weeds and which are plants that will be productive, it has not been easy to find a method for defining good g…

When the same European methods have been pushed on a commerciaHzed basis in America, little attempt has been made to follow existing American standards or trends toward the development of an ultimate universal language. The tendency has been to use stock symbols over and over again because they are cheaper to reproduce than special drawings designed for each particular problem of presentation…

That each by observation Might satisfy his mind. The Fifth (ear) "Is mighty like a fan!" The Sixth (tail) "Is very like a rope!" The First (side) "Is very like a wall!" The Second (tusk) "Is very like a spear!" The Third (trunk) "Is very like a snake!" And so these men of Indostan Disputed loud and long, Each in his own opinion Exceeding stiff and strong Though each was partly in the ri…

Halftones which here appear too black have been photographed from previously printed halftones rather than from original photographs. If the subject matter of any illustration is of special interest to the user of this book, a reading glass may be used to enlarge the detail. Because a frame around the chart may be interpreted falsely as a zero line, or base line, the liberty has been taken to…

In folding printed sheets for sewing into bookbinders' signatures, every other pair of pages evolve from one side of the printed sheet of paper. Thus, if color is printed on only one side, a reader finds color on every other pair of pages in the book. In this way it is possible for the reader of this book to judge the effect of color on the varied types of charts shown in the 60 chapters simp…

Brinton, did practically all the work in preparation of Chapter 46, "The Camera and Its Use"; Chapter 47, "Lantern Slides," and Chapter 49, "Color and Its Use." Miss Audrey W. Zeigler, of Newburgh. New York, made all the drawings used as the headings of chapters. Mr. R. R. Lutz, of the National Industrial Conference Board, made valuable suggestions in the early stages of planning the book, par…

Keller, member of the House of Representatives from Illinois, and Chairman of the House Committee on the Library of Congress, has been of great assistance in exploring the possibilities. Mr. Keller's unusual range of knowledge and experience in education, medicine, law, engineering, publishing, and mining, coupled with residence in Europe and Mexico, served in determining potentialities for no…

Three things in combination are necessary before visual methods of presentation can be adequately used. 1. Accurate factual data readily available. 2. Competent drafting talent to chart the data on a standardized basis. 3. Equipment and organization for reproducing the charted data at a cost not too high compared to the printed word. Until mankind developed reasonably cheap paper, there was …

at least have been one of curiosity; but had records, written in this sort of shape [plotted curves] and speaking a language that all the world understands, existed at this day, of the commerce and revenue of ancient nations, what a real acquisition would it not have been to our stock of knowledge! In place of which, a few detached facts are collected and brought forward as the only criterion …

If we could now examine the libraries as they existed at intervals of one hundred years, say one, two, three or four centuries back, what would we find? Probably very little factual Courtesy of American Chicle Company -- Makers of Dentyne Gum The First Agricultural Report GRAPHIC PRESENTATION information. Even books in our grandfathers' attics, if classified, would be short on factual materi…

Probably there was nothing whatever to prevent the development of illuminated graph charts long before the days of William Playfair except lack of reliable factual data from which to make the charts. People of those days must have found out, just as we find out so often now, that if we start to chart our facts, we are frequently stopped by the startling insufficiency of the data, the annoyan…

Descartes in 1637 published his works on geometry which firmly established the method of rectangular coordinates when used for mathematical formulas. Those who are interested in the history of graphic presentation will find the sequences well brought out in a paper of one hundred and thirty- five pages by H. Gray Funkhouser, published in Osiris, Volume Three, Part One, 1937, available through …

See Volume M, Verso 40, Manuscripts of the Institute of France. He used horizontal distances to express time and vertical distances to show the space covered by falling balls when two were dropped together or one following the other. Leonardo, however, left no group to carry on his engineering works, which were little understood by his immediate contemporaries and successors. The Americ…

An educator, or person with a message to give is referred to as : lecturer, speaker, orator, preacher, narrator, reciter, etc. These words generally imply the conveyance of a message through the ear without reference to the eye. Until the cinema was equipped with sound there was a move to use the word "optience" instead of "audience." Although the moving picture now combines perception throu…

These terms are not limited in their scope to the field of education. Anyone planning a conference, convention, committee, discussion, assembly, council, etc., might do well to consider the method for presenting the subject matter. How many of these meetings today are just talk? If each participant would consider himself as a Presentor of data or ideas that he is especially qualified to contr…

)930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 25.000 24.000 23.000 22.000 21.000 20.000 19.000 )6.000 17.000 16.000 15.000 14.000 13.000 / / / r y \, y \X j/- -- ^ \^ -^^^ ^^^^ ' -- " \ ^^'^^ \ DAYLIGHT How Charts Ought Not to Be Made The omission of the zero line in this chart gives a false impression of the relative values of the number of accidents during the hours o…

Other cities will be added. Graphic charts present unusually comprehensive data in condensed form for analysis and interpretation. Major libraries should contain a division of graphic charts. Filing most of the material could be easily done by placing material in the usual letter vertical files. Provision should, of course, be made for cross references. Probably it would be desirable to have …

Brown, Theodore H., Richmond F. Bingham, and V. A. Temnomeroff. Laboratory Handbook of Statistical Methods, Mc- Graw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1931 Chaddock, R. E., Principles and Methods of Statistics, Houghton Mifflin Co., New York City, 1935 Croxton, Frederick E., and Dudley J. Cowden, Applied General Statistics, Prentice Hall, Inc., New York, 1939 Crum, William L., Alson C. Patto…

Oynonyms for graphic narrative are: ideographic drawings, pictograms, figurative symbols, pictographic charts, and hieroglyphs. Graphic narrative may involve the keeping of records, quality of materials, time, or quantities. Walker Engraving Corporation, New York. SCALE .7 A Stone Age Man's Painting of a Bison. 1. Long before a written language had evolved, man recorded his actions and accompl…

The picture may stand alone or may be accompanied by comments of explanation. BASIC ENGLISH Basic English is a system of 850 words and five simple rules for putting them together, which was the invention of Mr. C. K. Ogden of the Orthological Institute, Cambridge, England. It will do the work of 20,000 words of English for the normal purposes of trade, science, and everyday living. Special …

To the eye and ear it is not different from normal English, and it takes only a very short time to get the trick of writing and talking in it. Of 1,500 living languages, only seven are used by more than sixty million persons. Of these seven, English is by far the commonest. It is the natural, or government language of six hundred million, it has for a long time been the second language of the…

owns 300,000 mechanical refrigerators eats 3,500,000 tons of food annually Textile World. October m38, Part of an Editorial on Public Relations Entitled "Textiles a Source of Purchasing Power." An Analysis of the Textile Community. Without representing the pictorial items quantitatively, this form of graphic picture gives a concise analysis of the textile community. It was used effectively a…

It is still an effective method of presenting percentage analysis. GRAPHIC NARRATIVE Opponents mAHHATTAn'S REVERSE Run no3 <><ksscs s*t.L TO NO* art FAKt SPIN Nrw York Journnl and American. SCALE S A. Famous Football Plays: Manhattan College Reverse Run. An explanation of a football play, either before a game or after a game, is a well-known form of graphic narrative. Players on each s…

O lO 20 30 40 so 40 30 ZO 10 G SECOND HALF « ID 20 30 40 so 40 30 20 lO G ^ ■V^-N ^^^ v•^^ Sk^sJs/V« ff^fcf <L ^-^ %. % ^fH'i ««l f<ZAP>< X^ (oity u • MA(?VARO O YALE CfOc^JH Victor O Jones, Sports Editor, Boston Globe. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Compare the charts in this chapter With those in "Pictorial Unit Bar Charts," pages 121-131. Redrawn from Fortune Magazine, February 1932. …

V** cl»*«t* *k« ^l«f tm4 pl*m fm want t«w ■••k • I«*a- . . . TK« l< . TK« l*fld»f. miwrvd. pr«.i4*t (K« < t FHA tpptmwti k «i<*ii il rMf .•!«•«• h Ymc Wwm mitt* fMmtm t% •M«iili«l ®- Tk« ^nifn mnl b« .'ck.lK)»f<ll, ••u«<l riadil, uUabU How to get an FHA-insiired mortgage -- f^raphically told in words, pictures and charts T1i« coMtrw«t*eM fiiMt b« 90«d. r««titi»9 w*«rh«r «nd t T>.« pi»f …

By the use of transparent pages and an ingenious pictorial scheme, a complete story is spread out before the individual as a complete whole. The book is planned so that it can be read from front to back or back to front with the story differing according to which way the book is read. After the subject is built up, it may be reversed from the other angle. Since the page is transparent, the s…

Graphic Presentation of the "Turnability" of an Automobile Traveling at Three Rates of Speed. Chapter 3 TABULATION ATTRACTIVENESS can be a characteristic of statistical tables. , Adherence to certain simple suggestions will improve their appearance. Designing is an integral part of every table and should be carefully planned. The actual form which any table takes depends upon the data to b…

Day, E. E., "Standardization of the Construction of Statistical Tables." Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 17, March 1920. This issue of the Journal is so limited that the American Statistical Association cannot sell it. However, it is available in most libraries. /.UJ P.m. /■ J.? P. M.. t.j.9-r>»t. J_^ f.jj-fi^ j /Ljw '"•t J" '/.'ii7^«<. y.j.rP.H UJ^U^ wmmm .AjlE<JJL…

Walker, Helen and Walter Durost, Statistical Tables: Their Structure and Use (Bureau of Publications), Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City, 1936 /■d;>uIii«oii WMhingt.m. D. C..' 486,860 Clicvy CliMc, Mil 8,000 Takoiim I'ark, Md 6,415 Silver Spring. M<1 5,000 UyalUville, M.l 4,264 Mt. Rainier, M«l 3,832 Ktlovatt-hourt < 1929 354,9.32,330 1930 400. 20S, 431 1931 43.S, 36…

This diagram shows that Maine, the state which had its election first, forecasted the result of the presidential election with approximate accuracy. The forecast has been "wrong" three times up through 1936. In 1940, however. Maine will hold its election at the same time as the other states. Adapted from The Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION MANUFACTURES. Tabls M.-DrrAI…

Slalr. Co..tr. aKi LonI TaUl Pri.npal Malwtab Pwl aad ■mIW Pbmt Bruce D. Mudgett. "Statistical Tables & Graphs," Houghton Mifflin Co., 1030. SCALE .7 Two Methods of Boxing to Show Coordinate and Subordinate Relationships. 1. The use of single and double lines, as shown in the two upper tables, fails to maintain coordinate and subordinate distinctions. The width of line in the lower t…

Value of awards for highway construction June 1938 May 1038 June 1037 tl2,230,009 $13,571,006 42J.t.71 3. 7.14, 975 2. 930, "t-H 074.012 920.816 l,(m. 135 1,303. 3V4 4. 147 2. 4.S3, 148 18,621,883 614,837 1.821.320 2,479.513 1,008.710 388. 732 191. 2J2 876, .143 161. 123 1. 079. 853 ' Preliminary, subject to revision. ' Data for building projects which were located in the c…

Par Cant of Truck No Par Cant of T.w.ck 1Q7J 55.070 70.663 74.724 74.992 84.705 87,304 89.425 96.496 85.475 80.271 60.965 72.508 25.210 29.702 31.248 33.044 34.467 32.033 39.442 39,424 31,146 24,798 21,505 22.289 80.280 100,365 105,972 108,036 119.172 119.337 128.867 135.920 116.621 105.069 82.470 94.797 '69 ^1 70 30 71 29 69 31 71 29 73 27 \i.6…

It might have been better to use wide lines to maintain the various divisions rather than the double lines. See 36. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Af >Kcir Avcroqc Hourly Woqcs J AMfftlCAN BELGIAN I6« GERMAN 29< ENGLISH 34)4* JSI^M 18 Minulo Minutes M.nutal jljrf^^ t^y\h EoorliJ MilKIOH 5u40r.|lk -J IbtalAboM American Iron and Steel Institute, "Ste«l Facts," May 1P37. SCALE .7 A. A T…

The only difference between this and straight tabulation is that the stub headings are presented pictorially as well as verbally. CONSUMER BUTING HABITS AT BEAVER DAN, WISCONSIN ,i Of r»u % rk. ;. rw /. WIm, |.^ Thul$Wlmt Tku 1, rw. i irkr,Tki,a, rmmw.0. lii -H-fab Colv." 0. ra*rtirvWt(b i i i i i i i AiTTD Scmiu i< • M 1 U 1 M 9 a s U 4 so s 71 S IS 4 SO T u s T…

DsT Goon M • TO 0 90 0 10 0 17 1 M a U 0 77 1 a s U 0 IS 0 SO 0 Jkwblbt « • •7 1 II 1 U) 0 71 0 U 0 r s 100 0 II 4 100 S ZiMtmic^L GooM II > M 1 •9 • •7 S SS 9 so 7 10 4 100 0 M 0 U S TS 0 ZlMC RBf«MnUT\<« fl i 100 0 7t 0 100 0 •> 0 too 0 Ramo • 1 90 0 70 0 SO 0 SS s so 7 SO 0 SS 9 so 7 40 0 U 0 TS S Mbm-* Cumnto M 9 T< 0 M 0 SO 0 7S 4 …

10 7 •> 4 n 1 •1 I IT 7 II 1 41 4 U 1 04 4 100 0 4 4 M 0 II 4 TO S T« 4 W 1 M S BfMMT 10 t M I 41 1 • I a 4 so 0 40 0 41 1 71 4 14 1 14 I li 4 SO 0 SO u Nurcbnai II 7 15 1 1 1 t 7 I i 100 0 47 1 IS I IS 7 H S SS 0 14 i Sum AMD Pud 7 • M I IS 9 7( 0 u s 44 4 IS 7 100 0 S 1 ISO 0 Poutrma II 1 >l 7 W S u s W 0 W 0 n I so 0 44 S SS s A…

U 1 Siil I76< II7« }7« 14% 13X iK Kjv« to t)u<ff»t •»« Kv n*c »tt>t«\ Kjw« mof* Itfl tor 32 7* ^^^ m ■1 1*1 ^ UNirco rRANCE INCIANO IIAIY ROLAND f,r MWor IV».rf. ?7 :j 1 7(14 ■ V ■ ^ ■ ^^ Miairro/'/Wpl. UNIItD SIAItS OtNMARK UNHID KINGDOM RUSSIA BULGARIA f ■ V ■ ^ ■ 3L UNIKD STATtS DENMARK UNITED KINGDOM FRANCE RUSSIA WATtB CONSUMPTION ,:.. , . ,.,■ ,,r-r…

Latent Total heat of heat of evap. steam Internal Energy B. t. u. Evap. Steam Entropy Water Evap. Steam Temp. Fahr. t -- V or s i/» h or q Lorr H 1 or p E n or « 1/ T or r/ T N or "^ t 280° 49.18 3.347 8.64 0.1157 249.0 924.3 1173.3 845.9 1094.8 0.4098 1.24% 1.6594 280' ?.«1 49.97 3.401 8.51 0.1174 250.1 923.5 1173.6 845.1 1095.0 0.4112 1.2470 1.6582 50.77 3.45…

58.44 3.977 7.35 0.1360 260.3 916.2 1176.5 837.0 1097.2 0.4249 1.2205 1.6454 59.34 4.038 7.24 0.1380 261.3 915.4 1176.8 836.2 1097.4 0.4262 1.2179 1.6441 60.26 4.100 7.14 0.1400 262.4 914.7 1177.1 835.4 1097.6 0.4276 1.2153 1.6429 61.19 4.163 7.(H 0.1421 263.4 914.0 1177.4 834.6 1097.8 0.4290 1.2127 1.6417 oncl S Marks and H Suptrhcatcd Steam arvcy ." Lon N. Dav…

A sorting machine is used to group the cards according to the information punched in them. The cards are guided automatically into receiving pockets according to the position of the punched holes in the vertical columns. The automatic sorting is made on one column at a time. It is apparent, therefore, that to arrange a group of cards in numerical sequence according to the data punched in a t…

Tabulating cards arc made of paper stock carefully processed to permit of extremely rapid actuation of all three machines -- the punch, the sorter, and the tabulator. The card size is 7W x 3'/i". 2. Cards may be punched for each item or classification on a customer's invoice showing, for example, customer number, salesman, district or territory, trade class, complete item identification, and am…

MILES ri5 ^ 35 ' 45 ^ si ^ 65 PER HOUR. JMILES PfR HOUR MllfS PER HOUR MILES PER HOUR MILES P£R HOUR MILES PER HOUR D.u.'s (/DM.) , (2D.aj (3DMJ (5auj , (vau.) Vi QT. .13^ .25< l%QTs 3QTs AViQVs 43^ i .75C i $1.13 50 GAIS. 55 GALS. 60 GALS. 69 GALS. 80 GALS. GASOLINE $8.75 $9.63 i $10.50 $I2.08 ♦14.00 $1.50 ' $3.00 H.50 i $7.50 $10.50 TIRES MAI NTf NANCE TOTAL COST COST PER MILE…

It does not include the economic cost of accidents, which rises in proportion to the speed at which the car is traveling. Chapter 4 CLASSinCATION CHARTS IN a Classification chart the facts, data, etc., are arranged so that the place of each in relation to all others is readily seen. Quantities need not be given, although a quantitative analysis adds to the value of a classification chart. Br…

I Man 0 War A .. , .1 J IManubab It a L / * Rock Sane U"^'""'^ I Teas Over / Broomsl I Audicnci { Wiskbroom 2d Balance ick belais Balancoire • Imported. War Admiral bred by SO Riddle Scabiscuit bred by Wheailey Stable, (Mrs H.C. Phipps). The Pedigrees of the Race Horses War Admiral and Seabiscuit. 1. This chart shows the use of brackets in classification of data. The original w…

This chart is especially interesting because it shows graphically that to study one section of the myriad of groups in the government of the United States, that area must be "magnified." CLASSIFICATION CHARTS Mr -♦- -O -^ 'E 0) c > < c a> > Jli > •^ _ i! <« III *^ *r 9- IS Z o « c c '^ § E -- « -- • c o '•^ o GRAPHIC PRESENTATION ---- IllMENIAIr OnTftlCT JUNIO« HIGH …

tl.lM.tU.OM Wo. 0.<i..i Worid War Rorwd $7*(.t27.l>00 «»-. u LJH^^ Rwilion Ravotwi'on Irtcomo Toi Modt I090I ■■ 0 S EolOrtWo. J.I.. Anmlko-Wo. Endi Aimilho - Wo. Endl I8lh Amtndmont v-- w Rtconilruction loom f '^ 10 Eu>op« I j , {w«Op«OA RvCOAIIVVCtiOII -U S FM4<Wa<W $I,779,IJ14M Ewopo tur> U i 'oodi ' US Real Wo. (^^^^^1 iMOAttruction ..Ui Boom l1.M2.Ut.0OO W. «..y U S…

f j Impom 1 1 Manufocluixl Food Food Industries. October, 1938, Part of an Editorial on Public Relations Entitled, "World Trade Makes Food Prices." SCALE .6 Analysis of Food Expor+s and Impor+s of the United States from 1910 to 1936. 1. The years presented in this chart are divided into 5 world time-periods and 7 United States time-periods with notations of historical events. 2. The analysis…

J Safety valves I Air brakes I Car tanks { Tests Railroad repairs. CK. \\. K. interchange rules I A. IV A. lank car specifications • ( )wniTs deft'cUs I Carriers liability I Railroad repair bills Stock supplies at U^rniinaLs. bulk plants, and warehoasos Allocation of orders for shipment of sUxk from and to refineries Buy-out points, terminals, bulk stations, warchoasus, etc. Designat…

'rriins|M)rl .ser\ ill -- rail, water, truck, etc. Riiutiiig - DLstribiiliiin iiml allotment of trallic as lM>twe<-ii carriers Pas.srnger trans|Kirta(i(iii \ ia rail, air, and water Metropolitan Life Iniurance Company, "Functiont of the Traffic Manaier," 193 7. SCALE .6 Traffic Department of a Large Company. The brackets in this classification were retouched. Since the important thing in suc…

40 NEW MEXICO 41 VIRGINIA 42 KEKfTUCKY A5 ARKAN6A& 44 GEORGIA 45 MI&^'-^^PP' 46 Nl CARCXINA ^ 6. CAROL\NA 48 ALABAMA Brinton, "Graphic Methodi," McGraw-Hill, 1914. Rank of Each of the United States in Ten Educational Features in 1910. i\ \yArAM\y/x////.\ I |.v;%^/// \y//////.\ \^/M/-/A' ■- W///M\ Wiv/ ^:\:mf^'\^;>m^\ I I V4y////A \m;m/A/. -// YMf^/^W/Z/M \/Y./m\ I \W>.yM\ SCALE…

ZINC HATE SHEET STEEL JTERNEPLAIll TIN PLATE <SHaT OOPPOtl SHEET BAASSlcOOOVEAfUTE 1 1 SPIEOELITl I 15 |57|l45|l5 57|l45il5 !57|u5]l5 IS7 I5|57|I45J15|57|m5 .5|57 wm m H Ir-^ H-L /'JBl rr 1-- ! B - r ^ . WT I ^i B ' ^^1 HH 1 1 ^H !J>i B! ' rr k-UU-i -: ■ ' il mum !■ . zoni . . Ebi ■■■■ H . ^t^Sm^ ■■■BW ^^ -^T'S ■■ 1 ' ■■■■"■ ^ 1 _ Fj NOT AFFECTED ^p SOMEWHAT AftKIEO ^| BAOLT…

SCALE .9 B. Raw Material Resources of the Leading Countries of the World in 1936. 1. The value of this type of chart is that a quantitative analysis which is not actually shown on the chart can be compared with other analyses. That such an analysis was made is shown in the titles of the four classifications at the bottom. 2. Compare this chart with 51. CLASSIFICATION CHARTS .Su c< T3 S a…

TIm AiMM Cnmfi Acraram« l« tW NumWot oI OuUr I V*Imk* I ClKlroM PWntUry iIilIimi I II III V Vi Vi^ ym::it"T^tt4->7 Z2 997HU4.}^IK. 2&97|H ZtUX IB :il U2 «§[ J106 , ■ 3J.45? 39S-i4H 'I^J _:_ - Cui 37 IT |77 iT^ I Wo QM. D i'lluiT?h(|rPd| JLpQ»IM.UZ-<' ift ll4.76llll&.oT^ 12I76|| 1276l|l26S2 , . 11U_M t^,:; i'^ ' Kb I 223^ ■l226-> ■22a' ■l2W ■ 2JI ■tzj&e? ■ 2 8 i<j!a 'i>K 71 lUr* E>r«W II 4…

S. Bureau of Standards; Published by W. M. Welch Manufacturing Company, Chicago. B. A Reproduction of One Unit of the Chart of the Atonns, and the Key Used fo Interpret All of the Graphic Illustrations on 52A. The right side is a reproduction, in one color only, of the unit which represents the element Potassium. The left side appears as a key at the lower right of each chart. Chapter 5 GENE…

31« ^oWtwnnfl Vttttr*, p\ate<i in or anMnd W»t i»dr(\4ua\') vtdv^rti S'^mbd), or* i\oi\4or4. ^or ttrtQ\r\ \roi\» R. a^toVvolit; B, blm4i ttdtaS. E. epi>«^ic, F, VtiWemmitdj I, \T»ant, Mj[m'\qr(i\ritou^;N,'norwa\ nv rtStrnvc* \t XmM Mtv4tr tQt\v4«ro.\xOT»j Nt, T»wrdl\t; P. pQr<i\x\>C; ^T, ^txuaAA)^ \mmort^, S.VtThMiC/ X tubtrtu\ouV H wanitrtr. ■ 9* 5«cct%iSu\ \to4«ri \n pa)M^c^■ O© • Ei\Ta tt\>o…

-. i Jo' rf Cf4'd do* n'b'da d'ei'd B'dV J^'Jd'a o" ■ dddddddd'ddn'dn'd'DdB'^d'ddoy'ed'Hd d ^. / ^/ *^m tmtJmm C* Um^'l, nw%_^ W. Eugenics Record Office, Cold Spring Harbor. Long Island, N. Y. SCALE .7 A. A Geneology Chart Showing the Actual Pedigree of Pre-Senile Lamellar Cataract. 1. Following the practice of tracing only one trait on one pedigree chart, this chart traces the trait of pr…

IV. ««howinn the four daug-hters of one son, III-J, tliree ilaiiRhters havinn inherited the white forelock and one lias not. V. sliowinf; the children of these four daugliters who married men without a white forelock : some of the cliildren of each of the three mothers possessing the white forelock have inlierited it but none of the children of the other tuotlier not possessing it have the whi…

C. Pedigree Chart Showing Five Generations of Short Digits. 1. Deformed individuals are represented by solid symbols. 2. The use of a circular heredity chart is helpful when the number of persons in the fourth or fifth generation would necessitate too long a chart. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Codex Book Co., Inc., Norwood, Mats. A. A Genealogical Charf Sheef. 1. This sheet is 8'/2" x 11" and its …

banking) conditions constant More unemployment r Fall in the (money) cost of living Rise in pnce of fixed interest securities More poor relief Higher insurance contributions Higher rates and taxes Additional public loans p. Sargrnt Florrnce, "Thr Statistical Method in Economics and Political Science," 1929, Krgan Paul fli Co., London. B. Genealogical Presentation of the Theory …

Although the term "family tree" does not necessarily mean a '■tree." the "tree" form of heredity or family chart is a well-known one. The "tree" here presented is in reality a chronological statement of events, all of which have contributed to the existence of the "thermionic tubes." Chapter 6 ORGANIZATION CHARTS I'krsonnki. DiRECTOn SuptTvisor of Technical Kmploymcnt and Training Medica…

jii o o >- 3 O S t . o u. o c c j< 2 s -s ^ C HI c o c y jj c ^ o ^ I o ; > -- o O jC 2 H z ir ^ ORGANIZATION CHARTS A. Diagram of the Organization of the CCC made by President Roosevelt in 1933. The most complex and widespread organizations may begin from just such crude drawings as this one. <^//i:, "/ [a^ \u^ ?/j, p^ ^' ^"^ ^ « Newtr>aper of the Civilian Coniervat…

The organization chart starting with the top and then branching downward to small division at the bottom is perhaps the best known form of organization chart. How the branching will be done depends a great deal upon the organization. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION I. Ho O«0£raphlcal SobdlTlBlons ovrici ill rincera II. Centnllied Geographical SubdiTlBlone Short Arms Long Fingers The Field III. …

srtvict cow MUHICIHL )ttvic| COM Kfsiufiimmo a COMMMitS (31 e 0) SCALE .6 A. An Organization Chart Showing How Holdings of the Eastern Insull Utilities Were Pledged. In order to differentiate, cross hatchings and shadings may be used effectively in an organization chart. A variety of shapes as well as shadings distinguishes the divisions. I V- 1 1 -- \m{ r '."7 c_,..,. T JU, r I…

It is an organization chart superimposed upon a "family tree." Compare this form with 58. ORGANIZATION CHARTS ( ELECTORS ) /^PUBLIC SAFETY^ DIRECTOR POLICE- FIRE -BUILDINGS WELFARE & W0RKMCXJ5E MARKETS, WEIGHTS & V MEASURES J ^ LAW ^ DIRECTOR LESI5LATI0N-ASSES3MENTS LEGAL COUNSEL-REAL ESTATE MUNICIPAL COURT ; f PUBLIC WORKS A DIRECTOR HIGHWAYS • SEWERS RE CORDS MUNICIPAL GARASEPB…

CIT Y CONTROLLER CITY TREASURER ASSESSOR PURCHASES 4 SUPPLIES PUBLIC BVILPINQ^ EMPLOYMENT BUREAU , PROTECTION TO PERSONS k PROPERTY POLICE OEPT BUILDING DEIPT FIRE DEPT EMERGENCY HOSPITAL BOARD OF REVIEW MISCELLANEOUS PRINTING DEPT CIVIC AUDITORIUM CROWN CITY RANCH SANITATION k CLCANLINESS ENGR, DEPT REFUSE DiSPQSAU ENGR.DEPT LOT CLEANING 5EWAGC THEATMDfT PLANT ST…

It differs from a classification chart in that relationships may be shown without any classification of the material used. GEOGRAOhfy i^iuoootooy; .V^vif O (? CCONOM>CS From "An Outline of the Principle! of Geology" by R. M. Field, Copyright 1938. Used by Permitiion of the Publithert, Barne* & Noble, Inc. SCALE .6 A. The Relations of Geology To and Its Interrelations With Other Divisi…

Although similar to the preceding chart, this diagram differs in that relationships around the circle are indicated as well as from the center outward. RELATIONSHIP CHARTS SPECIAL W*R WORK ON-- MILITARY MAPPING Making progr«itiv« miliUry indei map of United States SURVEY OF SITES. Balloon fields Ordnance proving grounds Artillery sites Areas near cantonments Aviation fields ROUTE MAPS…

Geological Survey." 1918. SCALE .8 Relationship Chart Showing the Contributions to War Service by the Topographic Branch of the U. S. Geological Survey. 1. In this chart, the fact that one government department cooperates extensively with others is brought out with force. 2. It would not be wise to use this form to show too many interrelationships, however, as all detail would be lost. Laj…

Urwick, "Papers on the Science of AdminUtration," Iiwtitute of Public Adminiitration, N. Y. C, 1937. SCALE .6 The Interrelationships of the Purpose and Process Subdivisions in Organization. Four sample city departments are presented vertically, each divided into its functions and workers. A considerable number of workers are common to all or to several departments. These are indicated by the ho…

IS. rormic acid Formic add 20. fumorlc acid rumaric acid 21. Gluconic ocid Gluconic ocid 2t 22. Clyceroldohyde' Glyccroldehyde ?3 Glyceric acid Olycoric ocid 24. Clyce-rol Glycerol 2S Clycolaldtr^hyde Gly c ololdo hydo 2C Glycolllc Odd Olycollic add 2C 27 Olycuror>,c ockI Glycuronic acid 2& ClyOMylic acid OlyOJrylic acid 2a 29 Hydro^m Hydrogen yO f3 hydroiry butyric oCd ^…

■- V « 5 u *^ ** C £ - « C O u a <c a „ 0) jy '5 ■« Chapter 8 FLOW CHARTS low charts present a graphic explanation of the movement of materials, printed forms, etc., through an organization or structure. "Cosmograph" is the trade name for a type of flow chart presenting numerical information or percentages by means of black and white strips of paper, showing source contrasted with …

Uiion DvptnmctiL Weekly Average Net Paid Circulation 1,910.282 Drawn Under the Direction of Willard C. Brinton in Consultation with a Firm of Certified Public Accountants. SCALE .5 B. Method of Displaying Proof of the Circulation for a Weekly Magazine. This chart resulted from a survey made by a firm of certified public accountants. Since the formation of the Audit Bureau of Circulations in …

PQiMtVAL AQ^At ntttAfXU AOtAS NATONAL POntJT} NATIONAL PAJIICV WilLDLlCt MANGMTAQtAt HiiTonictAncw. htk^ iCCNC AOCA^ M^-NVAV^ AND PARKW/tt^ iTATt AGtNCitS TO ACQUint DtVtLOPAND MAINTAJN CAClLlTltS TO ADCQUATt- LY MttT RtQuiRtMtNTi Of iTi PtOPLQ COO iN\Plf> ATOKNATunt tDUCATON AND ACTIVt OtCntATION NOTOTHtTNI/Ht PnOvlDCD ITATt fOQESTS JTATt PAnnS r»EStr3VATlC5N\ <WLD LIFt nCFUGtS…

Ufi* CQsi of m4tititiit'^ /^e slor^ in s cond't/ot of rutjintii Kr jjas Cf^e nni» ittmt of ttpttta it ilot cUuificition art Rani. fu*l. Inter f%i on ii>u»»/m»mi Dtfirecntion on frxrurn a»a e^uipmmnl. rvpaira, a portion ofuj*9f dfoiud io --sinttnnnce LfA* cos^ of iiouM^ m*itAan^)n tkru /Ac processti of tkt biainrss CSt^wd tr)d itlliJici) <yf» IO*'* itmms ofttp%u» mUiii cUm trt. fioti cf U*…

Zfhesc pools gre chardecf fo inn>4 On the l>isis of frt^^ncif of mslu U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, March, 1934. SCALE .9 The Commodity Cost Accounting Method Employed in a Survey Made by the Domestic Commerce Division of the U. S. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. 1. Flow charts to indicate accounting methods are well known. 2. Similar chart…

It pr«d»c»» tk* >tr»ct»r«i that pravidc our tkclter. traiiip*rtatieii, cemnmBicotioii, drf«BM, p«w(r. li^t. k*«t. water, watt* di>p«>«l. rocrratioa, coairrvatiea and dcvclopmeirt of ewr aatioiial re>ourc*<. Bngineerinc Newi Record, October, 1938, Part of an Editorial on "The Conatniction Indiutry, What It i»-- What It Doe*.- SCALE .7 The Wide Range of Construction in the United States. Here a…

The Completed Cosmograph. 1. Border guides are placed in position to block out excess ends of the paper strips and the Cosmograph is ready for photostatting. 2. The negative photostatic print appears at the right. Note that all black portions of the device fail to reproduce. Of the one thousand strips of paper, twenty are red and are set at each 5% mark. In the negative photostat, these red s…

The center of the chart shows the amounts retained by each country, indicated by the broken portions of the branches. The right side of the chart shows the amounts paid in turn by the several countries to the United States. The extreme right shows the total amount received by the United States. 2. The effect of the broken branches is obtained by sliding the paper strips backward until their e…

Chapter 9 SECTOR CHARTS A SECTOR chart presents data in the form of a circle. The circle is divided along its radii so that the angle of each section is proportional to the factual data it represents. Other terms used for sector chart are: pie chart, divided circle. In practically every instance in which material is presented in a sector chart, the same information might also be presented in…

Since this preceded the illustration above in point of time, it may have been the first sector chart. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION A. Employment and Unemploymenf Experience of 129 Displaced Hand Cigar Makers in Manchester, N. Y., as Recorded Five Years After the Lay-off. 1. Divisions within divisions are possible in the sector chart. Here two categories, employed and unemployed, are further divid…

The relative merits of the sector chart and the 100% bar chart in presenting the same facts arc disputed. SECTOR CHARTS TO EMfLOYCCS IN SALARIES (mt inclu^in^ ttltrm •( cMsptny •ffici % 11.034,050,000 (1«.5%) TO OWNERS AS DIVIDENDS i U,904.C02,000 (19 2'/.) TO MANAGEMENT talirits of company offictri $ «,209. STC.OOO (8V.) Factory Managrmrnt and Maintenance, October, 1Q38, Part of an …

AVAILABLE Far EmploYtti, Manaqamcnt, Ownara i7e.M2,)*4.«e« (tl.2%) Factory Management and Maintenance, October, 1938, Part of an Editorial on Public Relations Entitled, "How a Company Can Make Simple Reports to Its Employees." SCALE .6 B. Disposition of Total Income of Manufacturing Industries for the Period 1929- 1935. Total $330,709,960,000. 1. When it is impossible to place the titles f…

It should be noted that the 192 7 circle follows the general rule and establishes the arrangement of shadings which is adhered to in the other circles. SECTOR CHARTS MIDNIGHT A. Comparison of Crimes Against Persons By Time Periods in Cincinnati in 1937. This is a comparison of areas rather than angles as can easily be seen by comparing the section labelled 18.3% with 9.9%. a ratio of abou…

The average number of hours worked in each of the two years, 1888 and 1938, is actually plotted on a clock so that not only the number of hours but the time of day involved can be seen. For instance, in 1888, an hour was allotted for lunch. In two categories in 1938 only half an hour is allotted for lunch. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION scanrr rtvo -- St M«rr) OrVAJC >WTtfm» CnrvrnM Leonard P. Ayrc…

is the use of a black background which emphasizes both the grey and blue sections. 2. By alternating light and dark, it is possible to make two colors do the work of four. Jnrrrtm^ifomi rtotocutrwi v^Tmow 'iimtac U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor StatUtict, "Labor Information Bulletin," October, 1936. SCALE .4 C. Total Cost of Direct Labor and Materials on PWA Construction Projec…

During the period 1923-1934 (latest figures available) the average profit in the manufacturing industries was equal to 4.2$ for each sales dollar, or 4.3( for each invested dollar Factory Management and. Maintenance. October, 1938, Part of an Editorial on Public Relationt Entitled, "A Program for Public-Relation*." Percentage of Profit from a Sales Dollar and an Invested Dollar. 1. The use o…

Although labels usually are kept on a horizontal plane, the small size of the sections may make it impossible to follow this method even by the use of arrows. 2. These data might be more clearly shown by a 100% bar chart. I9I0-I9I4 1924-1929 AV. PRODUCTION 2,614,000,000 BUS. AV. PRODUCTION 2,610,000,000 BUS. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Economic*. SCALE .7 B. …

Average Annual Net Expenditure of the Federal Governnnent During the Period 1910 to 1919, and for the Same Period Exclusive of War Cost. 1. If you think of this type of chart as two sector charts, one larger than the other with the smaller on top, it is much easier to understand. 2. It would have been impossible to put the titles of the segments on a horizontal plane in this sector chart. Car…

This differs from the sector chart below in that the dividing line between the assets and liabilities is a vertical one rather than a horizontal one. LIAMLITICS Elgin National Watch Co.. Elgin, Illinois, "Let's Look at the Record of 1937." South Manchuria Railway Co., "Contemporary Manchuria," a Bimonthly Magazine, Japan, September, 1938. B. Distribution of Assets and Liabilities of the S…

Committee on Public Relations of the Eastern Railroad. N. Y. C, "A Yearbook of Railroad Information." 1937. A Comparison of the Distribution of the Average Dollar of Operating Revenues Received by Class I Railways in 1916 and 1936. This might be called a cumulative sector chart. Note that in each circle the total of all that has been presented above it is represented by a shaded section, while…

A percentage scale outside the bar is more easily read. 5. To aid in using the chart for reference purposes, the actual value of the bar and its component parts should be given. 6. To eliminate any need for turning the bar, the labels should read from left to right horizontally wherever possible. 7. The bar should be wide enough to allow for differentiation, and yet not so wide that the fact…

A rubber stamp in the form of a 100% bar chart with the percentages marked may be secured from stores handling graphic chart material or from makers of rubber stamps. 2. When a bar chart is wanted in a report, all that is necessary is to allow two inches height and six inches length in the manuscript. The chart may then be placed in this space. 3. These rubber stamps may be secured in other …

The value of this chart would have been increased if the tonnage for each of the four divisions had been given. 3. The choice of shadings was unfortunate, since at the point where the two sections, "waterways" and "highways," meet, the bar seems to sag. 4. The Federal Chart Book is an experimental publication and does not stand as a document for general use. As a result, the illustrations are …

Note that the percentage for each of the seven divisions is given within each section. 3. The use of connecting lines to identify small sections of a 100% bar chart with its title is here demonstrated. OCPAXTHCNT 40% 00% aoX noX -FOOO STO«£S Z0% 40% GEN MERCHANDISE STORES ' AUTOMOTIVE GROUP •OX ■ All otmcr stores "The Federal Chart Book," Prepared by the Central Statistical Board and…

The use of objects which can be divided into percentages is a common practice. In this chart, a gallon can is very appropriate to illustrate the distribution of the cost of gasoline. B. Cost of a Ton of Finished Sheet Steel at a Lake Port in the United States in 1931. 1. The amounts to the left of the bar are cumulative: each one is a total of all those below it on the right hand side. …

Scrap Lots 1.50 Rolling Bloom 1.50 Fluxes Alloys 1.00 Opcn-Hcarth Operation 5.00 Blast Furnace Operation I.JO IJmestonc •45 Coal -Coke Iron Ore 8.00 Fortune Magazine, September, 1931. SCALE .8 100% BAR CHARTS < o o »- z o t- a: a. o < • Zi o Z3 ac >- (/> o Ul o o z < to o a a o o o _i u. o »- o (- z s o w Ul > o a. -» o a: a. z bJ…

K) f^ o s o ♦ (0 0> lO 0> ■n <0 o q * •n ^0 .£ .§ 8 •£ C <J O m « .2 *-> > o "*■ - _0 V 2 o >- a> o ■ if Q. o £ M •o »- CQ .Jic K ° go a Z « a u C2 J= c cc tJ u U O -- a V E •£ o % Z c o t > O .2 ^ < ^5 GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Wage ossistonce - 29 9 %-■ Emergency relief -65 3%- Cotegoficol relief - 4 8 %■ Oih«r Works Program vogM W.PA WOflM …

were horizontal. 2. It also lends itself readily to grouping by sets of brackets to show such items as total fixed charges, total operating expenses, etc. 100% BAR CHARTS lUM ntANSmssiON "CCtlvlHO SUSSrtTlON Prderal Power Commiition, "National Power Survey," 1936. SCALE .7 Elements of Costs in the Supply of Electricity to Residential Customers In the United States in 1935. 1. By illustra…

Since it is difficult to determine the approximate height or length of any one of the sections of a bar, it might be better to put the percentage scale at both left and right, or top and bottom. 2. The shadings should follow the general rule that when no one thing is to be emphasized, the darker shadings should be next 100% 100% All Ort.«r tUso ureas , rOttMr Loons and Discounts Savin…

TOTAL 949,338 993,597 951,015 WPA. National Research Project, "Summary of Findings to Date." March, 1938. Percentage Distribution of Wage Earners Employed in the Mineral Industries In the United States in 1909. 1919, 1929, and 1935. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION 49 MILLION ANNUAL TOTAL INCOMES PCRSONS IN DOLLARS 93 BILUON DOLLARS TOTAL INCOME >IOOO AND UNDER •I000TO2000 '2000TO5000 .5000…

Bar charts may be adapted to fit almost any application. 2. The height of each bar is easily compared. 3. There should be some order for arrangement: a. Time-series b. Magnitudes c. Geographical d. Alphabetical 4. The actual amount which each bar represents should be given. ITEMS ORDERS ORDERED ONCE IN A SIX MONTHS PERIOD ORDERED MORE THAN ONCE BUT LESS THAN 10 TIMES ORDERED 10-…

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r ::;:.::::.::-:.xx.:v::::::::v:vX^^^^ ii/mrTT» » I ■r^ I ■' > 3. :S±2iS2±S5^ ---^-'-■^^ I fEMAUE WORKERS Totol Wh.lt COllOf SkillM Scm.tlitlltd WPA, Division of Social Research, "Urban Workers on Relief," 1936. SCALE .6 A. Proportion of Employed Workers on Relief in Jobs of Their Usual Socio-Economic Class in the United States in May, 1934. The inclusion of the "total…

. 0 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 Automobile Manufacturer! Association, "Automobile Facts and Figures," 1938. B. Percentage Distribution of the Wholesale Price of Cars in the United States fronn 1925 to 1937. 1. Connecting lines facilitate the reading of this chart. 2. When percentages for each section of each bar are not given, it is better to put the perc…

t " ' ] No emptoymen* Of public oid t¥:»3 Relief ond o«her ♦ {■'■■'■■yj ReseHlemeni client K*i?x^ Nonognculturol employment only Aqriculturol employment only Works Progrom end ott>«r ** lOOr eo S 50 nlOO MONTANA SOUTH WISCON DAKOTA SIN WEST NORTH GEORGIA VIRGINIA CAROLINA * Including tfiose wt>o hod relief only ond relief ** Including those with Works Progrom employment combined wit…

June KANSAS October June MONTANA October June NEBRASKA October NORTH DAKOTA OKLAHOMA SOUTH DAKOTA October June October October WPA. Division of Social RcMarch. Relief and Rehabilitation in the Drought Area, 1937. SCALE Q Types of Relief Granted by the Federal Emergency Relief Adnninistration in Eight Drought States in June and October, 1935. Here again is the application of the …

2. The addition of the actual amounts which each bar represents would facilitate the reading of the chart and aid in its use for reference purposes. V ■vr.M - '/noooooto ■t?ff. n Prrcfnt Iron *w Sfff ' 'Xf6. 900. 000 as ftrrctnf ><>.-« ^ry- t^Ji 700 000 7 flrrcenf '-^3fxyftfw r^ifyryw' - 'Og 10(1000 l95Plrrcmt /»nw«m«w - 'fSd, 000.000 U. S. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Stati…

The material here is arranged arcording to the magnitude of the bars. 2. Its presentation horizontally eliminates the possibility of the eye seeing a curve which would be undesirable. 3. Since stubs only are used in the vertical rulings, it might have been better to include actual figures to facilitate reading the chart. $ PER UNIT ♦ 702 «SS7 ■■■ - ^426 - " ^ " DEC. I9S7 'AVtRAGE 1S7…

Portiol high school only Completed high school only College Percent total of alt bars • 100% WPA, Division of Social Research, "Farmers on Relief and Rehabilitation," 193 7. A. Grade AHalnment of Heads of Open Country Households on Relief In the United States. October, 1935. As is indicated, the total of all the bars in this chart equals 100%. Compare this chart with 106A and I08B. 17.4 …

.2 •> u «g O a > « ^ £ « 13 2 c b *3 <J C 3 c C S a a> GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Georgio New Mexico South Ookoto Maine Utah Montane Woshington Maryland Arizona Idaho Connecticut New HarDpshire Vermont Oregon Rhode Island Wyonning Delowore Nevodo WPA, Diviiion of Social Research. 'Rural Youth on Relief," 1937. Estimated Number of Rural Youth on Relief in the United States …

PRINTING ANO PUBLISHING. NEWSPAPER. ETC. PAPER CONFECTIONERY - - LIQUORS, MALT - CHEMICALS CANNED AND DRIED FRUITS . VEGETABLES, ETC. TIN CANS AND OTHER TINWARE-- MOTOR vtHrCLES COKE-OVEN PRODUCTS CAS. MANUFACTURED - PAINTS AND VARNISHES - DRUGS AND MEDICINES -- PETROLEUM REFINING ~ MEAT PACKING, WHOLESALE FOOD PREPARATIONS BLAST-FURNACE PRODUCTS " FEEDS. PREPARED SUGAR REFINING. …

Milwoukee Wis St Louis, Mo Son Froncisco, Coht Boston, Moss Minneopoiis, Mmn Nework, N J Cincinnoli, Ohio Atlonlo, Go Pittsburgh, Po Chicago, III Philodelphio, Po Omoho, Nebr Norfolk, Vo Richmond, Vo Bridgeport, Conn Cieveiond, Ohio Albuquerque, N Me« Boltimore, Md Binghomton, N Y Rochester, N Y Detroit, Mich Foil River, Moss Memphis, Tenn Tucson, Ariz Dollos, Tex Providen…

Relative Rents for a 4-Person Manual Worker's Family in Each of 59 Cities in the United States, March, 1935. 1. The 100% line here gives a good measuring rod for comparisons. 2. The chart would be read as follows: the four cities, Detroit, Michigan, Fall River, Massachusetts, Memphis, Tennessee, and Tucson, Arizona, may be described as average cities so far as rent for a 4-person manual worker…

4 To picture "penod' doto as ogomst "point" doNi. 5 For s>iowir^ o rar>ge of volues or deviations from a normal or bogey. C THE COIUMN CHART IS NOT THE BEST FORM: 1. For comporing several times senes 2. For lime series over an eilended period with many plottings 1. LAYOUT AND DESIGN A chon consisting of o few columns should generoify be higher than wide, for more than a few columns a widert…

These amounts ore proportionote to the height of the columns This means Ihot the zero line, when it is ifie prir>cipot hne of reference, should olwoys be iTKluded in a column chort. It follows, too, that the omouni scoles should no* be broken, but mode continuous from the reference Ime. While normoffy the full length of the column should be shown, when it represents on abr<ormally lorge value…

COLUMN DESIGNATIONS It is generally more difTKult to lobcl segmented or grouped columns than curves because tfie columns themselves take up so much more of the spoce Segment labels should be placed ocross several columns il procticobte However, the space about labels should be reduced as much as possible and too much controst with the tone of the column ovoided so os not to distort the impre…

To space columns equoHv dong the titne scale, divide the ovoikibte horizontal spoce mio twice as mony spaces os there ore to be columns. Then center the columns on every other division mark begmnirtg with the First from either end. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION -- _ Ll ItiATIONAI IKirOMFl frn ( i n ^^ 0 6)6 r.au"C» «» or dcc 3> 1 Magazine of Wall Street, January 29, 1938. SCALE .5 A. Nation…

The time series comparison of index numbers in bar form is here supplemented by actual figures. Thus anyone consulting it is able to quote figures without computing the various heights. 2. However, the figures placed at the top of each bar add to its visual length, resulting in a false visual comparison. A better position for the figures would be between the date and the bottom of the bar, or…

Minnrtota Valley Canning Company, Beaver Dam , Wis., "Annual Report for the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 1938." A. A Comparison of the Shipmenf of One Brand of Peas and the Shipment of All Others by the Minnesota Valley Canning Company in the Years 1932 and 1937. The reason for including this chart is to illustrate an optical illusion which is seldom seen and which should be avoided. No…

Note that in horizontal bars the latest year is usually at the bottom so that the reader looks down from the top rather than up from the bottom. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Abstracts from Time Series Charts. A Manual of Design and Construction, 1938, prepared by Committee on Standards for Graphic Presentation, under procedure of American Standards Association, with The American Society of Mechan…

Idl Horizontal Line Shading has limited usefulness and is not generolly recommended. (el Crosshatch Shading (diagonal! is recommended in place of black for wide columns. Crosshatch shading mode by crossing verticol and horizontal lines is not recommended. If) Dotted Shading (pebbled or stippled) is sometimes effective for columns of medium width and particularly for small segments for chart…

Effscts of improper use of shoding £20 ^B SIIF MflNOCNT EZ3 Of KNMNT \WTm ^_L CUtMNT lAININCS SAVINCS SICMITin SOCIAL OTHII SICUdTT ifsouica ACT OTHII SOCIAL rillNDS ot AdNCIIS (ILATIVIS Dun't Review, June, 1938. A. Means of Support of Persons 65 Years of Age or Older Living in the United States in April. 1937. CONTRASTING BAR CHARTS Dun's Review, April, 1938. A. Adver+ising E…

Rather than merely state that the year 1929 was equal to 100%, this chart visually represents both index of prices and index of male hourly earnings as 100% bars. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION FREQUENCY RATES SEVERITY RATES Dliabhnq iniurlci 1 per 1.000.000 man h All Indu.»r,.» ^H i3es Tobocco 1 7. IS C*m«n4 laundry 1 662 T«»+.le 1 7.67 StMl 1 651 Print and Pub III Q.IO Nonftrroui M«tal …

Dayi loil per 1.000 man hourt All Industries m 1 ^6 Tobacco 1 007 Laundry 1 040 Textile 1 0S7 Print, ond Pub. 1 O.M Gloss |0.b7 Automobile 1 0.74 Tanning and leother |o.e7 Mochinery 1 094 Wood Working ■ I.OB Sheet Metal 1 1.17 Misc Metol Products ■ i.is Cloy Products 1 1.19 Rubber ■ 1.70 Tronsit ■ 1.71 Food ■ 1-74 Chemicol ■ 1.79 Meot Pocking ■ 1.39 Non ferrous…

The bars in blue arc the "special reference" industries. The magazine in which this chart appeared was interested chiefly in those bars colored blue, and used the simple method of color for emphasis. CONTRASTING BAR CHARTS COST OF LIVING INOCX NUMBCRS. l«2« • 100 UMiTtO IMNGOOW rilANCE (PAKiS JA^AN (TOi>»0 MHO 5TATIS SWlTZtBLAMO WHOLESALE PRICES INOO NUMBOS. i«;< = 100 "■'• . ^"X UNi…

The median value for the United States as a whole is first given, then for each of nine geographical divisions, and finally a separation of the "Seven Cotton States" is made. Chapter 14 PICTORIAL UNIT BAR CHARTS IN A pictorial unit bar chart comparisons are made by using a number of symbols, each of which represents a specific value. Synonyms for pictorial unit bar charts are pictogram, picto…

Since fractions are difficult to present in this form, the numerical value of each row of figures is given. 3. It might have been better to leave more space between the 1929 row and the 1932 row, since all the others are consecutive years. 4. As it appeared in the original, the 1936 row was at the top and the 1929 row at the bottom. Because it is general practice to read years from the top do…

Compare this form with 121, 123B, and 124A. PICTORIAL UNIT BAR CHARTS 14 AUTOMOBILES I30 HOUSES 56 AUTOMOBILES 63 HOIkSES From '"Humaniiinf the Greater City'i Charity" by Bertrand Brown, Department of Public Charities, City of New York. 1017. A. Comparison of the Means of Transporfation Used in the Department of Public Charities of New York City in 1913 with 1916. 1. The distinctive featur…

B, A Comparison of the Number of Tractors Per One Thousand Farm Families in Three Groups of Farmers in the United States. 1. The "heart" referred to in this chart means a group of states that form the heart of the farming industry, as estimated by the Meredith Publishing Company. 2. The date to which this comparison applies is not definite: the sources listed for the information given were da…

From "HumanizifiK the Greater City'i Charity" by Bertrand Brown, Department of Public Charitie*, City of New York, 1917. B. Increase in Poric Production at the Sea View Farms fThe New York City Farin Colony) from 1913 to 1916. Apparently the basis on which the pigs were placed inside the fences was this: one pig was added for each 6000 pounds of pork raised. CHARACTERISTICS OF PICTORIAL UNI…

tart Ma. fclaat. 10 »..al» Walfclaa Tht Flaurtt lucluit »m»*% » Truclit From "Our Country, Our People, and Their*" by M. E. Tracy, 1938. By Permittion of The Macmillan Company, Publi»her«. N. Y. C. SCALE .5 B. A Picture of Automotive Transport Facilities in Italy, Germany, Russia, and the United States in 1935 and 1936. It should be noted that although each man afoot represents ten people wa…

According to this chart, people in the United States are influenced more by advertisements for headache cures than they are by food advertisements, and are influenced by advertising in proportion to the unfamiliarity of the product advertised. National Re«ources Board, "State Planning," 1935 SCALE .7 B. The Growth in Number of Hunters and Fishermen in Missouri from 1910 to 1934. 1. Although t…

From "Humanizing the Greater City't Charity" by Bertrand Brown, Department of Pubhc Charitiet, City of New York. 1917. A Dou.A«'s WORTH Of Milk Feb is. 1029 hmmmL mmNs A Doijjms WORTH Of PtJ>n Bttr res a, 1029 FEaiS.1933 rcB ie.i937 <^^..^^^^ <^^-^ A DOIXAWS WORTH Of BUTTCR | fee IS. 1929 «ff^^ d^^ rtB 14.1933 rtB I«.I937 rulS.1938 Retail Food Phici3. 1929-38 BOB.AAS or Lams 9r…

A Comparison of How Much a Dollar Will Buy in Terms of Retail Food Prices in the United States for the Years 1929. 1933. 1937, and 1938. 1. The pictorial unit bar chart is of particular value for popular appeal. It attracts attention even when it does not convey facts. 2. The inclusion of the actual amounts below each row of items in this series of charts makes it valuable not only as a poster…

The pictorial caption aids in making them universally understood. 3. They have a popular appeal, and yet present facts as clearly and accurately as possible. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION E.X«»tNOITU»«t PL« CAPITA PtR WEEK IN CENTS 40 60 80_ 100 MISCELLANEOUS FOODS U. S Department of Labor, Burcnu of Lat>or Statistics, "Labor Information Bulletin," July 1938. Food Expenditures of Wage Earners and L…

-n -- ^1 1 1 '•^f 1 1 1^1 1 1 1^1 1 1 r'l 1 1 r'l 1 1 1" III 1 1 M 'Tl 1 1 iTl 1 1 'T' 1 1 \\ J^ii-L.l.i -- - IJ^:-I ■iPiiMii^^ ^^-" L_ « Q-iTf "i « J-t \U- J i l"' ;>, ' • IM ' ^KV : 7 . .1. •. J (JJii. ^.^ "4 i 1 W \ i\' AA II ' ^ - 2 * S _^ 15 -^ i 1 i.. . , . /l* - '^''JsIS, ^ . at i . '' if.^ ixil ?- 1« '^t--- i--i 111 w ^ ^Jp U r J L ' ta 5 '^- ■ ■ ■ t * ■ ■ ' « "1 : . .…

■ t~. ^ » 7 , It j !_:!.:"-:=_ ±± i! > „ ^ I i1 ■ 1 1 "" • ~- '3 i» _ i '. 1 " » 1 _^ _ - 3 ^. .1 > . ..... 1 . . 1 i I .. : ___±:_: :_:? >IacElwee 8s Crandall. Inc . N Y C SCALE .4 B. The Trend In Length, Breadth, and Draft of North Atlantic Passenger Ships from 1830 to 1940. 1. The purpose of this chart was to determine the trend in length, breadth, and draft of passenger shi…

In this chapter, divisions of the bars are made without reducing all bars to the same length. Of DOtXARS pueuic WORK PRIVATE WORf Federal Reserve Agent, New York, "Monthly Review," Feb. 1, 1937. SCALE .7 A. Total Value of Building and Engineering Contracts in Thirtyseven of the United States, Showing the Proportion of Private and Public Construction from 1932 to 1936. 1. Here the compon…

Since both the vertical scale and the labels are put to the left of the bars, it may be more difficult to read the chart than if one or the other were placed to the right. COMPARISON OF COMPONENT BAR CHARTS torAt, (hAMUo IN oMOcn or size or socio economic cmout in itso) ill i i ^ MEN m WOMCN '^ "i III i nil iii ill i i StUISKILLED CLERICAL SKILLED UNSKILLED DOMESTIC PROPRIE…

I I Increase over 1914 chargeable to increased services. National Education Association. Washington. D. C "Research Bulletin," May 1038. B. Estimated Causes of Increase in School Costs in the United States from 1914 to 1930. This simple classification of reasons for the increase in school costs shows a great deal of study and forethought. A verbal statement would not have been half so effecti…

Part of an Editorial on Public Relations Entitled A Program for Public Relationi." SCALE .9 B. Distribution of Income of the Manufacturing Industries in the United States from 1929 to 1935. 1. The chief significance of this chart lies in the arrangement of component parts of the bars so that there is a common starting point for each classification. 2. The omission of a scale or some indicati…

This chart should be read as follows: while the median group spends one dollar for food, the income group receiving from $500 to $749 per year spends sixty-two cents, and tK» tonno to $2400 group spends $1.23. SCALE .6 POUNDS (MILLIONS) QUANTITY or TOBACCO RETAINED FOR HOME CONSUMPTION 1923 I92S 1927 1929 1931 1933 1935 1937 U. S. Department of ARriculturc, Bureau of Agricultural Economic…

Nework, N J. Baltimore, Md. Albuquerque, N Me« Phiiodelptiio, Po Bridgeport, Conn. Sioui Foils, S Ook Roctiester, NY. Tucson, Ariz. Butte, Mont. Portlond, Maine Peofio.lll Foil River, Mass. Atlcnto, Go Rictimond, Vo. Buftolo, NY. Averoge, 59 cities Omoho, Nebr Monchester, N. H. Norfolk, Vo Denver, Colo. Konsos City, Mo. Providence, R I Binghomton, N Y. Soil Loke City, Utoh Seattle, W…

Note the inclusion of the numerical values of the bars in the column at the left and the inclusion of the average for the 59 cities enumerated in this chart. COMPARISON OF COMPONENT BAR CHARTS m cl Jon Apr 1933 1934 WPA. Division of Socinl Research. "TrpnHs in Rrlicf Ex()fn(liturfs Oct Jon Apf Jul Ocl Dec SCALE .7 A. Percentage Distribution of Monthly Expenditures for Public Relief and Wa…

INCOME PRODUCED AND PAID OUT MINING AND QUARRYING I9W (950 1951 I9J2 I95J I9i4 INCOME PRODUCED AND PAID OUT METAL MINING INCOME PRODUCED AND PAID OUT NON-METAL MINING 19J0 1951 INCOHr PAID OUT ETI3 BUSINESS SAVINGS NEGATIVE BUSINESS SAVINGS EnRincrrinR and MininE Journnl. Ortobrr 1038, Part of an Editorial on Public Rrlationt Entitled "What MiimiK Mfani to the United Slates." SCALE …

Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, "Construction Activity in the United States 1915-1937," 1938. B. Percentage Distribution of Gainful Workers in Manufacturing, Mechanical, and Construction Industries in the United States from 1870 to 1930. Note that in 139A above, the division at the very top is labelled "Manufacturing, Mechanical and Construction." This chart is a further break-down of…

Supplemental Water Required to Provide 18 Inches Total Water for Crop Use Per Day from May to October on Soils Having Various Infiltration Capacities in Atlanta, Georgia, and Bismarck, North Dakota, from 1930 to 1932. 1. These cities were only two of several for which this analysis was made. 2. The necessity for reservoirs and dams is clearly shown in an effective form. COMPARISON OF COMPONEN…

and could not make evident the interrelations clearly shown in chart form. CHARACTERISTICS 1. Both actual amounts and percentages should be given. 2. When there is one bar to represent the total of all the others, it should be the same width as the others. 3. The amount scale may be placed at both the left and the right of the chart, or it may be placed on the side of greater significance. …

IS29 32 3» -36 l92«-32 -15 -36 19M 32 -35 -36 l«2« 32 '3i -J« CHCMICAL & ORUC FOOD k FOOD PRODUCTS STORES TOBACCO INDUSTRIALS UTILITIES EXCEPT TEL COS. Federal Rcstrve ARrnt at New York, "Monthly Review." April 1, 1Q37. SCALE .7 Annual Net Profits or Deficits of 727 United States Industrial and Mercantile Concerns, Class I Railroads, and 62 Public Utility Companies Other Than Teleph…

Dun's Rrvicw, April 1Q38. SCALE .5 Hypothetical Use of the Regional Trade Barometer of Dun's Review in a Comparison of Increases or Decreases of a Company's Sales from Month to Month in Each Sales District. Trade Barometers for 29 Regions in the United States in Which the Indexes of November 1938 Are Compared With the Indexes of November 1937 in Percentage Reductions or Increases. 21 SAN…

This chart does not present plus and minus quantities, but is, however, in bilateral bar chart form. It should be noted that the sum of the lengths of the bars on one side of the zero line is equal to the sum of the lengths of the bars on the other side. As a result, the scale might represent either percentages or "millions of acres." Percent 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 2. ^ .^^ ^ %%%%%W?ft«…

Profit-and-Dividend Status of 348 Corporations in the United States for the Period from 1929 to 1935. Here again is a group of 100% bar charts. Note that the two types of crosshatchtngs below the zero line are in the classification "unprofitable" while the two above the zero line are in the classification "profitable." The zero line might well be heavier to emphasize this division. Typical …

0. i coy, OTHER DIReCT LOANS TOTAL INVISTMCHTS 0«uC iMf ON SCCUKITIIS • I S.« LOANS COMMJRCIAL LOAMS RIAL tSTATt LOANS TOTAL Zt.I 12 « a. 2 •NOC« NUUSlKi i»«><oa ^^^^^^^^^^^^^M 2.S I92« l«30 1931 1932 1933 1934 I93i 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1933 LOANS INVESTMENTS National Industrial Conference Board, Inc., N. Y. C, February 7, 1936. SCALE .7 Loans and Investments of th…

The point of interest in this chart is the net income or deficit of the various railroads. Tlic number of miles of line were probably included to show that there is no evident relationship between the length of the railroad and profit or loss. 2. The dividing line between the two groups of bars in this chart is not a zero line with plus and minus quantities to right and left, since miles are th…

The method of reading tfiis chart is as follows: according to the 1930 census about 42% of male gainful workers were in the manufacturing and mechanical industries. In 1934 about 52% of the men on relief designated manufacturing and mechanical industries as their former place of employment. This latter fact does not seem so startling in view of the first statement. Chapter 17 AREA BAR CHARTS…

As both the percentage of the total number of hours and the earnings per hour are given, it is possible to compute from this chart the actual amount of expenditure for each type of project. 2. The chart indicates without computation in which projects earnings are above the average and which ones fall below. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION •f 140 •f 110 •f I to ♦ MO ••> I 00 -♦-9 0 + 00 •♦• 70 •…

Weighting the bars by showing volume as well as price gives a more accurate picture than a simple bilateral chart would Rive. However, a representation of volume is not always necessary. AREA BAR CHARTS CHARACTERISTICS OF AREA BAR CHARTS: 1. Useful in presentinj; material which ^ivcs parts of a total. 2. They show in one view two independent {groups of facts. ■(M"M foci '•L U«NU>^*C TURI…

If only the percentage covered in each type of industry were given, the representation would be obviously false. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Massachusrtts Institute of TechnoloRy, "The. Technology Review." February 1933. Occupational Distribution in 1930 of 134 MIT Graduates of the Classes of 1917 to 1929 Inclusive. 1. This chart is in reality a group of 100% bar charts. It was placed in this chapt…

Synonyms for statistical map are cartogram, map chart. GENERAL REFERENCES Paullin, Charles O., Atlas of the Historical Geography of the United States, Carnegie Institute of Washington and American Geographical Society of New York, 1932 Raisz, Erwin, General Cartography, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York City, 1938 Encyclopedia Americana. Outline Sketch of Borgia Map of the Fifteenth Cent…

Base maps to be used for presenting quantitative data may be secured from the following companies: American Map Co., New York, N. Y. Educational Exhibition Co., Providence, R. I. C. S. Hammond ^^ Co., New York, N. Y. Rand-McNally Co., New York, Chicago, Washington, D. C, San Francisco, and Los Angeles Maps may be ordered in many different forms: paper; clothmounted; sized surface; washable …

This enables the Map Information Office generally to state whether or not an area has been photographed, and if so. from what source prints are procurable. The following are important government mapping agencies from which maps may be obtained directly: Geological Survey, U. S. Department of Interior. Basic topographic maps of approximately one-half the United States. Key wo* 160* wo* 120* l…

The polyconic projection employs an infinite number of tangent cones. The starting point for these cones is at the middle parallel or latitude of the area mapped. 4. See 267. ^^^ GRAPHIC PRESENTATION |e Kcuffel H Essrr Co , New York City. Map Measuring Device. This instrument is used to measure lines and distances on a map. The small wheel follows the line and the distance is recorded on t…

Maps and charts required in navigation in foreign waters and on high seas. Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, Engineer Reproduction Plant, Fort Humpfireys, D. C. Special topographic maps of areas of military importance. Some topographic maps not covered by the Geological Survey. Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Geographic maps of national forests. Topographic maps of portions of…

£ •> o» ^ ^j c a c ■^ c o s « *^ o. a -D « c o w "5 Jt a "« o £ :: 0) j: u. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION 0) S t ^ 2 GENERAL USE OF MAPS Courtesy of Commission of the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia From Exhibit at New York Worlds Fair, 193Q Inclined Rotating Globe So Balanced That Only Support Is Half-Inch Tube Containing Electric Wires. 1. Land with the …

Special feature of this globe is that it is supported by a half-inch diameter tube and rotated by internal mechanism so balanced that the axis of the earth is inclined in the proper relation. Celluloid of Australia is removable as a man-hole cover so that a small workman may go inside if necpssary. Mirror below assists in accenting the southern polar region relative to Australia. GRAPHIC PRES…

Various maps relating to agricultural economics. Chapter 19 GUIDE AND ROUTE MAPS o ne purpose of guide and route maps is to show details which might be helpful in planning moves from one point to another. The form of guide and route maps is well known, and may be used for classifications as well as for routes. REFERENCES National Resources Committee, Suggested Symbols for Plans, Maps and…

3. Words alone would have presented a less striking argument. -*r e Orisinal at Pror>otcd by Willard C. Brinton in 1921. SCALE .7 GRAPHIC PRESENTATION |C= '"^ IkM 1^2 ^ ^^ \ A B mm # \\ ^ A. Anatolia and Arabia Superinnposed on the United States to Illustrate Their Relative Areas. Seldom is a verbal explanation of the difference in area of two countries satisfactory. Present…

A Comparison of the Air Line Routes in 1928 and in 1938 of What Is Now the Eastern Air Lines in the United States. 1. A "then" and "now" comparison is easily made on two maps. 2. Note that a great deal of black ink was used and that as a result the routes and the names of the cities are easily seen. SCALE .8 B. Connparison of the Areas of the United States and Europe. Compare the effectivene…

,o "a ^ c « a o o C ♦- *; C .2 o t; s H H GRAPHIC PRESENTATION ..., iJCCUTU> QOUTU Nnlional Rt-sourcc» Board. "Statf PlanninR." 1035. SCALE .5 A. Existing Routes of Midwestern Airways and Routes Suggested by the Iowa State Planning Board. 1. Because its state planning board prepared this map, Iowa is emphasized. 2. The inclusion of states other than Iowa makes it clear why the ne…

SCALE 6 GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Kit A en U»l T T < ■ffljnf C/imfiinf uiamondmU *^ National Rrsourcrs Board, "State Planning," 1935. Recreation Facilities of the State of Rhode Island In 1935. SCALE .7 By means of numerous line drawings, a base map could easily be converted into a pictorial map similar to the one shown above. GUIDE AND ROUTE MAPS . t|li»E)S{£Si»SI|§l<|| ill I! in! lilllll…

On it are marked positions of cities, indicated by circles; mountains, indicated by scales; and rivers, indicated by wavy lines. RELIEF AND AERIAL MAPS REFERENCES ON MAP PROJECTION Hinks. A. R., Map Projections, Cambridge University Press, England. 1922 Wnrrrn H ManniiiK. A National Plan Study Brief." Landsca()« Architecture. July 1923. American A»iociation of Land»cape Architects. Cambridg…

in this form. Federal Power Commission, National Power Survey, "Cost of Distribution of Electrkily," l'J35 SCALE .5 B. Essential Parts of a Complete Electric Power System. 1. In this diagram of the essential parts of a complete electric power system, a hypothetical land lay-out is used, since the important point is to include the information in the smallest possible space. 2. An attempt was …

This is an example of a pictorial map suggesting contours and character of the region represented. 2. For popular presentation, this combines the qualities of the pictorial and relief types of map. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION yHwr\j }^ f AKHIC* ^ Ht^lxi SOUTH %^ AMERICA / l(hi .i^'iiiJ'Jtiiii'i .Pi/ftillf .MiitP.ilts Iiliia|l«ii(a 'JsnlaC'KJ 9'« SCALE .7 .;^^ SCALE .5 A Map Drawn on …

X he variety of cross hatchings available and the use of several colors are great aids in making statistical maps. Cross hatched and colored maps are especially adaptable to the presentation of frequency distribution data. For suggestions relative to the use of gradations of cross hatchings and colors, see Chapter 44, "Suggestions for Making a Chart." Not* Connecticut ond Motsoctiustttt lompl…

The basis for coloring the states was according to the income of the population of those states. Since the income in the United States is not distributed uniformly throughout the United States, an area comparison is not valid. 3. This would be a true presentation of facts only if the area of each of the states were in uniform proportion to its wealth. LEGEND ■ Proporuon of Municipal area lax…

In choosing shadings be sure they are distinctive. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION ^U c •J •o <■ jC Q. ■9 w O. ■«-> <0 *»« o o c o o *J m a- -- bfl 1) a> ^ o ^ (t u jC o 4^ c c •"• m .2 "5 t: a a» « c '** > •«^ 0) . u a 0> eg Q^ b •o c o •o < «A fS •0 (0 4) o c r/) o o !*- •V ni • <0 m 0^ c •1 o a> a -o 5 V G bO V C "2 s .…

A comparison of these two maps shows at a glance the sections in which the greatest growth of population had taken place in a period of 110 years. 2. In view of the 1920 map, see 179A. 182i GRAPHIC PRESENTATION 5^ \5< Bev National Association of Motor Bus Operators, Washington, D. C, "Bus Facts for 1938." A. Rafes of Gasoline Tax Per Gallon in the Various States as of January I, 1938. Com…

These state pieces are interchangeable, and there are six sets of shadings from which to choose. The time required to prepare such a density map, photographing included, is about one hour, compared with eight hours if the shading had been done by a draftsman. CROSSHATCHED AND COLORED MAPS N Y New York Hrrald Tribune, September 20, 1938. A. Racial Minorities in Western Czechoslovakia in 1938…

Its value here lies not as a map for study, but rather as an example of what can be done on a map in the way of regional planning. CROSSMATCHED AND COLORED MAPS U-: O r= H o E o •£ 2 > O bfl T3 « •^ Si) ce £ p o u o u u I) -o rzi o n C .= w <9 " •i: « 3 C ♦' i It o -jg ii S - 2 -- > GRAPHIC PRESENTATION MOKSt Povvr... ^ 7.000.000 - 4.000.000 - 7.000.000 t.ooo.…

In this form, the dots or pins represent numerical values and effectively show geographic location. The placing of the dots is an important item. If the exact geographic distribution of the data is known, the placing of the dots is no problem. However, when the data is in the form of general geographic distribution, such as data for an entire state, the dots are distributed throughout the who…

In a dot map it is important to know whether the dot has been placed in its exact geographical position or whether the dots are distributed within a county or state irrespective of the exact location. 2. In this case, there is little doubt but that the dots were placed where the potatoes were produced. WPA. Division of Social Research. 'Rural Youth on Relief." 1037. SCALE 8 B. Rural Rehabil…

Amount of Emergency Crop and Feed Loans Extended by the Farm Credit Administration, by Counties in the United States in 1932 and 1933. 1. The distribution of the dots in this chart is definitely by counties. 2. The shift from the Dakotas in the one year period is quite pronounced. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Sidewalk -f PRIVj Private driveway A. Graphic Distribution of Position at the Time of t…

Although no key accompanied this chart, according to another map in the same pamphlet, the dots represent population. The numerical value of each dot was not given. 2. The important feature about this map is the use of color to emphasize the circle around Toronto. DOT AND PIN MAPS U. S. Department of Af(riculturr. Bureau of Aftricultural Economics. Number of Slaves In the United States In 17…

Residence of the Men of the Class of 1907, Harvard University, Six Years After Graduation. The Bead Wire for Boston Includes All Men Living Within Twenty-five miles of the City Hall. 1. Rather than have a pin for each individual stuck in the map around the city in which he Hved, a bead was put on a wire for each person in the same city. 2. Every tenth bead on a wire is white to aid in counting…

Knamrl Spot* mil 1(0 ftir- II I K h r (I hm n I) A H H or iltoss If <|iiilrrcl. @ 5eries4500 ® 5ene3.,,.^55G Q (iU Series 650 II. c. oil WrII Pin. Shii|>o rr»'nilil<-» oil woll ilrrrlrk ("iiii Im' Niiiipllril wllh iwiHcolort'd lioiid Map RInft. ('olori-<l rilliilolil rlMK for slliipliie ovrr hi-:iil of pin lo Indlciilr aititllloii;il f:ict. ^ PIni and Deads C2 Series I An S…

Where several cuctomers are In one town or city hulldlne. alternate lar>;e and small heads are |ille<l on a lont; |iln. Sec Illustration (li). Serlies 34.150 Glass Head Pins Series Celluloid Tacki Pins and Tacks with Writinit Surface. Rough surface claits head pins and roii(?h surface celluloid lacks are convenient because you can write data on them with pencil or with India Ink. Pencil …

Red beads indicated assessed valuations on buildings, while green represented assessed valuations on land. Each bead represented a certain number of dollars and each pin represented an individual property. The wide adaptability of this material is evident. ■ Chapter 23 MAPS WITH CIRCLES AND SECTOR CHARTS THE chief advantage of placing circles and sector charts on maps is that the geographic…

Since it is difficult to determine the relative areas of circles, a very clear and concise scale should be given. The two methods above give the measurement of the diameters which would correspond to given area representations. MAPS WITH CIRCLES AND SECTOR CHARTS Each diac rapi American Petroleum Institute, N. Y. C , "Petroleum Facts and Figures," 1937. A. Gasoline Tax Rates in the United St…

The areas of the circles show the amount of cash income. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION i •2 o 5 *^ O' ^ « ■0 _c « w o w **- u ca •*- m '3 k. »♦- a> Q. <0 a « 'c u u. c »♦- J3 » n c 0) ]q. Q. ^ 0, •j Ic >t .£ i c o I/) u > an J3 m •0 "a -D c "o « u *J "0 -♦- o u 0£ < L. ♦^ <D "o c U3 eg . b ro '^ ro •"- **^ rn ■0 T3 c 1/ …

Study of Migration To and From Four Drought States, Based on Place of Residence in 1910. 1. The four maps on the left show the states to which native white migrants have gone, and the four maps on the right show the states from which residents of the four states in 1910 have come. 2. Although a general idea of the amount of migration to and from these four states is obtained by glancing at t…

MAPS W ND SECTOR CHARTS 1Q9 < £ ♦^ w » z u _» w < £ <A r") »- Qi z o i < o _J o _J i z o o u. < z oc o u i?^' o tn -Rj-*.' .,.X y 1 ^''- v.* » LL C o 2 « C/3 S •^ ID V ? a c " £ -- ce -i: c .2 "5 o M *' p O E _ U .£ aj - 2 c 2 - c4 Chapter 24 MAPS WITH BAR CHARTS ars superimposed on a map allow a great many comparisons not possible with…

Geographical Shift in Cof+on Manufacturing in the United States from 1923 to 1937. 1. Bar charts may be used as effectively as sector charts in presenting information for geographical divisions. 2. Note the method of outlining in black the section of the United States to which specific groups of bars refer. 3. See 93 A 4. MAPS WITH BAR CHARTS "The Frdrral Chart Book," Prepared by the Centra…

When it it impossible to put the bars on top of the state, such as is the case with Rhode Island and New Jersey, arrows connecting the bars with the state aid in reading the chart. Compare with 202A. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Economics. SCALE .4 A. Average Sales Per Farm Through Cooperative Associations for Each of the United States in 1919.…

The Number of Persons Crossing 59th Street South Bound in New York City, by Railroads, Rapid Transit, Trolleys, and Vehicles for a Typical Business Day in 1932-- (24-hour Period). A traffic study of a particular street is perhaps best presented in this way rather than as a flow map with the width of the lines proportional to the traffic. MAPS WITH BAR CHARTS LEGEM D 1924 Persons ^m 1932 Pe…

Frmdi and S(Mnali torctt « Cotonal Man; Bntnii m RawlMtenan and 1112 Wrni. Miucam n MaxcM Vnr and 1mm teipH^; Coniadirato m Civd Wv. Battta ...__..„_ ■X Drawn Battle • FHNnt oaup«d • F>oint occupied and later abandoned o o Pouit taken against resistance o V* Unsuccessful ste(e w F^nt taken after ittft ■,..- Blockade %,, H fl Headquarters HO. rtO Winter quarters «» Surrend…

whose line of march is indicated by the blue line Symbols representing earlier routes are broken so as to appear to pass beneath those representing routes or other operations ol later date Successive occupations, sieges etc . ol the same place are shown by concentric circles or semicircles, the inner ones representing operations of earlier date For example might snow place ili at first held by…

MAPS WITH BAR CHARTS r^J N' ifl64 1865 •M«<Mrl<aal y*' JLJ). Charlr« O. Paullin. "Atla* of the Hittorical Geography of the United States," CarncKie Institute of Washington and American Geographical Society of New York, 1932. SCALE .5 Two Historical Maps Showing the Progress of the Civil War from 1863 Through 1865 and a Resume of the Entire War. The bars and war lines in the originals of th…

Chapter 25 MAPS WITH CURVE CHARTS THE three statistical maps in this chapter, all of which deal with precipitation, demonstrate the value of showing the location of data for geographic regions. While other maps may show that there was rainfall, these maps show the actual amount of precipatation. See "Flow Maps," pages 216-230. Although curve charts have not been discussed up to this point, m…

o O u « 0. .ii . Q. ^ § a O to s w 1- 2 5! K < _ a» S .E 2 > I I GRAPHIC PRESENTATION < T-^'" r i Z : I ^- -- 4 s . ' t 5' ^ j: 1 f \ ' 1 "^^ r, i ^ : . S »'! ^-.-1...... J. ^^■ i-i -- i _;izzi 1 3 o -o o I ^ o C ^ o t ^ I .2 „ 3 O ^ Chapter 26 '''* ^"'"^ '*'°'''''' "■'' I93Q. MAPS WITH SYMBOLS QUANTITATIVE material may be presented in the form of symbo…

«li* '1)1,1' A MJUOUC ROUC . N Ht • CM4»L0TTt KC , "Ml iiiiiiiiii, "Mil "llli , \, J ''"•Ill ^^ , ll '^Ill>""'>llllllll,, I "0 WPA. E>ivision of Social Research. "Urban Workers on Relief," 1936. SCALE .7 A. Principal Occupations in Selected Cities of the United States in 1936. No quantitative data is presented in this map. It is merely a device to show the principal occupations in c…

Map of the Eclipse of the Sun June 9th and 8th. 1937. By the use of symbols, a time-analysis of the eclipse of the sun is made. The "date line" showing the change from Wednesday to Tuesday is particularly interesting. MAPS WITH SYMBOLS National Rrtourcr* Board, "State Planning." 193S. SCALE .7 Metallic Ores and Rare Minerals in Maine, August 1934. The purpose of this symbol map is to show th…

Map of Credit and Sales Conditions in the United States in July 1938. Since interest is chiefly in the "active-and-up" cities, the choice of a solid black symbol to represent them was a logical one. Chapter 27 FLOW MAPS Jflow maps may be used to show both qualitative and quantitative flow of goods, persons, automobiles, etc. When a flow map is used to indicate the number of persons or automo…

American Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Boston, Mass., "Watch," 1939. SCALE .6 B. A Map of Hurricanes Which Have Occurred Between September 16 and 30 During the Last Fifty Years in the Eastern Part of the United States. 1. During the half-century ten hurricanes have struck inland in the latter half of September. 2. Hurricanes usually originate off the northern coast of South America, m…

Origin and Ports of Destination of Cargo Shipments of Bituminous Coal from the Great Lakes in the United States in 1932. The tonnage of the various shipments of coal is given at the end of each line. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION American Telephone and Tflfgraph Company, N. Y. C. SCALE .6 Map Showing Where the Hurricane of I9?8 Hit Hardest in the United States. This map of the path of the 1938 hurric…

.2 • > c GRAPHIC PRESENTATION National Rrsourcrs Board. "State Planning," 193S. SCALE .5 A. Migration Into and fronn North Dakota for the Period from 1920 to 1930. 1. In the original of this map, the migration from North Dakota was indicated in red ink. 2. The two groups of figures in each state give the inflow and outflow. The top figure represents the outflow to North Dakota, the bottom…

M V C 2 ^ i I « « O '-' O I " ^ •i ® T3 » ^ M- ^ C 3 •£ S :h a * GRAPHIC PRESENTATION National Re«ourc«i Board, "State Planning," 1935. SCALE 7 Average Daily Traffic on Michigan Trunk Line Highways Based on the Years 1930 and 1931. 1. The legend for this traffic map might have been better if a scale for the widths of line had been given. 2. The inclusion of the names of the citie…

SCALE .6 B. Suburban Passenger Rush Hour Car Movement to and from Chicago Terminals from 5 to 6 p.m. Comparison of the routes taken by two groups of passengers is made in these two traffic maps. A. Main Line Passenger Rush Hour Car Movement to and from Chicago Terminals from 7 to 8 a.m. Each line represents 10 nrullion dollars' worth of petroleum products American Petroleum Institute, …

< a> m -^ t^ .i o» «J ^ !r o u tT> ,2 <0 > m c ^ ^-- ^ -a c ^» « ,„ a> 4J •o ■;: ■;; e E H H D ^ ^ FLOW MAPS North Jersey Transit Commisiion, "Summary of 1926 Report, Rapid Transit for Northern New Jersey," January IS. 1926. Diagram Showing Routing and Density of New Jersey Passenger Traffic to and in New York City in 1924. 1. A great many people commute to New Y…

u •V a o u T) r. i < -C u en a c o u :i c 0) ro bfi (O >> ^ 4> ^ u. «> ^ a> ^ c (S •^ c u » o T3 *-4 a •-»- c 0) c o n i >% Ou o o •a o a o o in o u •-- > u o <n u in be c > *^ o b n w« (0 o u j: u 2 t o c « .5 B '^ -2 ti o o FLOW MAPS UMITOrttMC uMTT ormc LEGEND -- tS MMUn MWt ■WITT.-«UT5lOt LHWT OT ] ^ SOiM…

Time Zones on Seventeen Highway Routes to and from Corner Parle and Trennont Streets in Boston During the Morning and Evening Rush Hours from June to September 1927. While most of the traffic maps give the amount of traffic, this map gives the length of time it takes to get into Boston from outlying districts. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION -- JZ u M- 3 s r 0) (S >« o o r <8 r s o» o l>…

Robert Waril. Cliiiiatts of tht Umtrcl States. " Ginn & Co., Boston and Nrw York, I'liS. Average Annual Number of Rainy Days in the United States. 1. While the contour map is best known for its use in uivinn the topography of land, it may also be used to show preci(>itation. temperatures, and erosion. 2. Since no key for the shadinus was nivin with this map. it is rather ditlicult to read acc…

The reports on this map arc for exactly the same time; that is, although it was 7:30 p.m. Eastern standard time, it was several hours earlier by the clock on the Pacific Coast. 2. Compare this method of indicating rain with the method shown in 234A. CONTOUR MAPS National Resources Board. "State PlannioK." 1035. A. Topographic Map of Colorado, Showing Contour Lines af Intervals of 2000 Feet. …

Note particularly the use of shaded areas to indicate rain. □ Erosion unimpo'toni, •icept locolly a Moderate sheei and gully erosion, serious locoliy k/)Si qii wind erosion, tlUmode'Oie sheel ond gully erosion ■ Moderate to severe wind erosion, some gullying locally ■ Moderate lo severe erosion includes mesas, mountains, canyons ond bodlonds ^M Severe sheet and gully erosion WPA, Divis…

Since a key to the shadings is given in this map, it is much easier to read than 231. CONTOUR MAPS 1870 1910 LEGEND INHABITANTS PER SOUARC MILE I I FEWER THAN 2 ^^ 2-5 JH 6 - 17 Q IS - 44 ((45-89 90 AND MORE WPA, Division of Social Rrsrarrh, "The People of the DrouEht States." March 1037. Density of Population in the Drought Area in the United States for the Years 1870, 1890. 1910, and 19…

The theory beliind the construction of a distorted map is to represent the area of each state as proportional in size to some value other than land area. Thus the geo- Kraphical position of tlie state is maintained, and the new area values can be compared. DISTORTED MAPS 2A^) SWEDEN NORWAY Electrical Worki. January 6, 1Q23. SCALE .7 A. Comparative Size of Leading Nations If Area Is Based o…

Horsepower is one of many things which a distorted map may present. 'Mour\t«in Wost North Ewt North 4* $621/ Central C«nti»l 7.2^^ »3.Z78 31 7-».^ $14.383 Weat South East South Central Central 4 2'. $1914 3 3*. $1,496 Buiine»» Week, June 12, 1937, New York City. SCALE .6 B. The United States With the Areas of the States Proportional to Their Manufacturing Output in 1935. 1. Rather than at…

\7.7ir. (1^303.300 KglklTUeWv^ TCNNCSSK 7.45V. ♦ 7,044.112 MISS. ALABAWA 2.6?*/. ♦2.481 .7 2 b ,MJ 6A ,_ VIRGINIA I 7»% «l.»kO.034 NORTH CAROLINA * 3.743.300 SOUTH CAROUNA 9. 36'/. ♦ 8.852.000 FLORIDA U0% il.i>«.<l5 Public Utilities Fortnightly, February 3, 1938, Washington, D. C. How Each State Shared in PWA Allotments for Non-Federal Power Projects as of July I, 1937. On…

Anirriran Iron & Steel Institute. New York City. 'Safety in Steel." Deiember 10.18. The Safety-Record Rating of the Steel Industry In the United States Fronn 1934 to 1937. The ratinK chart is a relatively sin-.ple kind of Rraphic chart and may take a variety of forms. This chart merely i;ives the position of "Steel" on a safety score board in 1-2-3 order. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION S H 3 i« Ti r …

- - - r JMODOO -- 4UU0U1 . 2 ' - - Vm jgg i?7 - ^ \ .1 K^ / aXBU \ Tj " i - SBCnD / i 1 ' > ~J 1 \ soon "a xaa i ; A J A. / ^UXIlt tjf * 1 f -- - - f - - - - > > > ... - ii rf t •1 Fl i* ™ if /. > ••l^ \ k - ^'.A *' ^\ / - - .1 j« j4 > ^^ if^ /ti > «l .fi .! Jj^™^. i.t .1 ,r'i 4! ■u!"" ^ ■n f?n?^*> (1 mrnih li…

8,000,000 automobiles to Canada, while the United Kingdom was the only other country among the 40 principal nations that shipped any to Canada. RATING CHARTS wro MoDtuia. Idaho . . DakoU. . Arixuna.. Wyoming Rank • NrwYork t Prno. 3 IlliniiU 4 Ohio 5 Miiiouri • Trial T Ma.t. A Iniliaoa 9 Mi< hiftaa 10 I«wa 11 ('•rorfoa It Krnturky 13 Witniniin 14 Trnnr^MT 15 N r»r<.lina 16 Nrw …

The column at the left gives the key number for each state, while the column at the right gives the rank of the state in 1900. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Share of r. c c a &I u s a «. o rruK'iB.v III exports of in imports of * * * * + • • ( 'oloiiibKi in exports of ill imports of • • * * * Kpthcrlandfl in exports of \V»^t Indips in imports of * • • * + « + Ii>'li:»…

in imports of » * • * ' Trinnla.l m exports of in imports of « * * » * * * * + 4> All otliir^ jii exports of in inipiirfs of + + - + + + - + - _ + + * Not umoni; tun leading trading nations. Increases ( -f-) Decreases ( -- ) Clianilirr of Commerce of U. S . ForeiRn Conimercr DepI , WashinRton, D. C "South America's Trade." 1').18. Increases and Decreases in the …

When there is more than one footnote beneath an illustration, each is numbered. Thus the cross reference 267B2 means page 267, illustration B, note 2. TOPICAL INDEX (2nd Half) ^47 Place ri^ht thtiiiib on tri<m^lc, /infers irisidc back cover. Spin pu^es to desired chapter. 248-255 .U. Chronoiogy Charts ^ 256-262 32. Progress Charts < 263-274 33. Curve Charts ^ 275-285 34. Comparisons witli …

Quantitative Cartoons 475-485 56. Quantitative Posters 486-493 57. Displays and Exhibits 494-496 58. Dioramas 497-500 59. Graphic Charts in Conference Rooms 501-505 60. Glossary 506-511 Index (For 1st Half of TOPICAL INDEX, See Puge 1) Chapter 31 CHRONOLOGY CHARTS X he practice of showing time as a straight line is utilized in making chronology charts. Often the line is widened to make i…

This form is valuable in planning vacations so that two persons doing the same type of work will not be on vacation. CHRONOLOGY CHARTS u .J < u (0 s -- Showing Iving Relics that item is nimals lived. si d ^° to < :^ <: o < C E N 0 Z 0 I C 60,000,000 YEARS o a: >. k. a >, ic n £ < u u c ij t> « 1 servative f Are "L »nd when cinds of a age. '3 Radicals, C…

Animals -- •Laying K^ tart a new illustrate demonstrat U4 W 1 <o CO 1 ^ asses of and Egg we often s are used to r clear and U4 Dm k: U. < M E 5 0 Z 0 I C 1 40,0 0 0,00 0 YEARS o G 5 stence of Three C That the Opossums sozoic," me as a straight line, le stops. Here lines i IS make the titles mor< o to ir> 1^ •Si io to li ! ^ 1 ;ngth of Ex' Graphically from the…

F. P Foisir. "DrrHsiiali/inK L<inK%h(>rc- Liilxir hikI thr Sriitllr ExptiKiu' Sriittlr. W;i»h . Ftl.riiary 1. I'I.I4 Walrrfrciiil Employers iif SCALE 7 The Working Year of Pacific Lighterage Corporation Deep Sea Gangs by Days for 1932, Showing Analysis of Broken Working Tinne and Leisure Time. Prfsi-nti-d aloHK a horizontal line instead of in a circle, this stiuly would have taki-n a Urcat …

This chart shows the influence of Italian painters during the Renaissance upon others, as well as the chronological place of each painter. CHRONOLOGY CHARTS 4000BC AO i i i 1 i i i I i i » r I < i i ■ i i g I mn m anumi « ■•■ Ma fo •ouit iw itmm mtota » nc orriMin onauvM I AD-OME '::r iwdo v i ■CD* V nc Mimic noinaior M o«tii«(>i Frank J. Roo«, "An Illustrated Handbook of Art History," Ma…

C C o r. -c -- "t ™ W - £ U CHRONOLOGY CHARTS -- " T SHtrVlELO FARMS CO - 28 TM ST - nit w. 1 L OI*T)liavTION Of Tl M tLCMCNT IN MILK OCLIVIKT - OCTQU •OUTt T m r I r I i I I 1 I 1 1 l« MOD M MOON 1 (tullO II tTO*> 1 1 1 lum OI.1. r - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CtiQN 0< ■ ■ m m ■ r^ -- All moult in 0 H NCWV ■ r m m ■ M-. ■ ' •mm I^D] I ■ ■ »»0 C^i"- '"'*- .1 JO…

0 0<>« HO*Jt W»<iON lOOOMlLtS Ji$TO»>» | ^ KA*r«SS ANO HiVcM UP on vice VtKiA i J 1 1 1 : ^ ^ LOADi'nC O* UNLOAOIlic I 1 1 1 1 ^ aurMiNC TO on foou DouTC 1 III '3 T»AV LLINCONNOU+t "■ 1 III HOWNS ■ ■ 9 TMAfriC OtLAT r 1 ) 1 « ■ STANDING ON MAUTC r 1 .'o 1 .'. , Elfctric Storagr Battery Co.. Philadelphia, "Exide-Ironclad Topics," May 1Q33. A. Study of the Time Spent Delivering M…

The illustration na.s <lniwn rnlin-ly \>y hnml lo show the possibilities of han<l cross-hatching for bringing out information ordinarily shown in several colors Chapter 32 PROGRESS CHARTS l3 ynonyms for progress charts as used in this chapter are schedule charts, Gantt charts, procedure charts, process charts, production control charts. REFERENCES Clark, Wallace, The Gantt Chart. A Workin…

December 1919. A Production Progress Chart. SCALE .9 1. The solid black lines represent the schedule, while the dotted lines represent the progress made to date. 2. Note the percentage schedule per week and total at the bottom of the chart. This indicates that the job has progressed faster than schedule. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION ^^ Organication to arriral In Franoe ▲rrlTal In France to enteri…

some form of proRrcss chart aids in determining where certain jobs are, how far they have progressed, and how much more has to be done before the job is completed. 2. The use of colors makes a progress schedule valuable for display. . A mx ■ DEPT ^ <r'"vor- •|»|C-L. __. :.. .-"- U.^r..^ , ! , • 1 L"..- J 1 V » -, • 1 i ■ U. o a' •• ♦ ^ V • ■ {^l o (T 1 ' ;' ♦ \ \ 0 i ' rv; o …

Progress Schedule. Duririf; tht- proRrcss of the job. the horizontal lines in color, represented the quantity of work done. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION /f \ lltiijl:. .i|_ t\, »»> PROGRESS CHARTS i-i « h w ^ V eg ►J M « .5 o> & >. c 00 <" a 3 c a> > c .5 X r. ^ n ^^ o" }5 a» a i; o > ^ Ix: s ° ^ u i ~io § E 1"^ 0) »- c o Q. ^ en Uj "1 . o c -c o <« u .…

Wcoklv total of operator. Roliil line for o»ti niatitl work; broken line for time apent ou work not eslimuted. Weekly total for group of operators. Wi-ekly total for department. The portion of the daily upaee tliroucb wliieli no line drawn Rhown hoiv niucli the man has faUeti behind what \ cipwtcd of him. Rc.vsoNS roR K.M.LiNo Behind Abneiit ti -- (".reen operator I -- Lurk of inntruetion…

V -- W;is the lot smaller than estimate is basiwl on? Wallacf Clark. "The Gantt Chart -- II." Management Engineering. September 1921. A Gantt Man Record Chart SCALE .7 This chart is one type of those identified as Gantt Charts, developed by the organization of the late Henry L. Gantt. REFERENCES Knoeppel, Charles E., Graphic Production Control, McGraw- Hill Book Co., Inc., New York City, 1…

19*27 '74 *7b '7B '50 *57 'i4 "ib 'id Electronics, October. 1938. Number of Radio Sets and Radio Receiving Tubes Built In the United States from 1922 to 1937 1. The curves in these charts illustrate the plotting of a curve on a grid. 2. The points are plotted on the vertical rulings and a connecting line is drawn through each point. 3. In plotting a curve, there are two variables, the indep…

A Manual of Design and Construction, 1938, prepared by Committee on Standards for Graphic Presentation, under procedure of American Standards Association, with The American Society of Mechanical Engineers as sponsor body. TIME-SERIES LINE CHARTS The "time-series line chart" is the type in which values of a time series are plotted on a coordinate surface ond the points joined together succe…

Where the emphasis should be on the change in amounts rather than on the movement of the series. 3. To emphosize the difference between values or amounts on different dotes. 4. When the movement of the doto is extremely violent or irregular. 5. When the presentation is designed for popular appeal. CURVE CHARTS B«i*d Upon Av*««4« U S. ftic»% •« R»porf sd by tht U. S. Butmu of Ubor Statitttc…

L«tt«r« Abova Ara kwKal* of MeirHu: J for January, F for Fabmary, Etc Chicago Tribune. "The 1938 Chart Book." February 22, 1938. SCALE 8 B. The Cost of the "Market Basket" in the United States During the World War. 1. When the zero line is omitted, this is one method of indicating its absence. It might have been better if the line had been more wavy so that in reduction the irregularity would …

The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio, "Annual Report to Stockholders," 1037, SCALE .5 A. Yearly Oufpul of Goodyear Pneumatic Tires for Motor Vehicles. 1. The uj.e of an illustration in the upper left corner is effective. 2. The small table at the bottom is read as follows: the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company took 43 months to produce its first fifty million tires. The last report of …

... - r ■ f. 1^ 1/ in ,-. ,. -;7 „-■ „* ,,r. ■-, .i„ V 7 ,-*■ -.'. ' .: ,r 7 ■,-.--: -- ; , i .\. .», ik^ /r-n : William Playfair. "Tableaux d'Arithmetique Lineaire." Paris, 1780. SCALE .3 B. Expenditures by England for Ordnance From 1720 to 1786. 1. This is one of the first graphic charts. 2. No doubt realizing that the three humps in the chart would raise a question, William Playfair includ…

Ik / \ fS OeOCTlOM XtLO 1 •/H sy »«o-»atiom| \ f [tN, , • u ^^ ,0 DOi .0. >o '> /r '4<MUSTA UIO CLOOVAM H riti-OS C»MI in TO 1 PWOOUCTiOM. ' ~ %c ,000 .ODO . lOfOO ^o.loci j a f\B Rt Lr n / / __ /. / / s ^ >^ f / ^ s kd ^ mI r#- n< s h^ lU r^ -- ' ' i _i _j ' 1900c X 0 7 0 5 0 4 0 5 c in >7 t >S C 55 1 0 1 1 1 2 T 5 1 4 …

It is no problem to include a picture similar to the one shown here in a chart. A clipping from a magazine or a newspaper will suffice. See 265B. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION IM* U«0 1*M IMO 1(M ItlO Itla KM III! 1I30 l»M \**a ItO. 000.000 oi«A»ni A(f»n^^ 'rASADOU KOMTI pO. 1 UKD. uo.ooo.ooo Aoopoopn VAI 1 lATinM "aK[^^'^ 7/^Aiuioro AOortiM ^ Ijio. I Ajra<3. ITO.000.000 1 1 I8&7 TO 1936 1 …

/ so. 000,000 / 10.000,000 CAST PAS ADO A 4 PINtJC / / <^ ■^ ^HOIITll rAjAonA AKXn <S '.9M IttS IMO |«06 1>U Kli 1970 192S 1990 19U 1940 Patadcna, California, "Annual Report of the City ManaRrr. 1036-37." SCALE .8 Assessed Valuation of the City of Pasadena Fronn 1887 to 1936. The inclusion of the notations about the annexes aids in reading this chart, since some explanation for s…

\wire coiled filament gas filled Average cost of lamp 75(t Due to greater manufacturing precision Due to research Ol I I I ' ' ^ ' I I I I I I I I ' J I I I'll -- -- -- -- -- oldr^ccJ CM •* vD ao »0 ro Kl to 0> <J> O o> Product Engineering. October 1938. Part of an Editorial on Public Relations Entitled "Research in America -- the Key to Belter Living " B. The Effect of Research on …

^ oo c ^ 0) u Z. C/3 0) CURVE CHARTS A. Cost of Rubber Per Pound in New York From 1838 to 1937. When data over a long period of time is plotted in curve form, it is usually necessary to allow a great deal of space horizontally, or to condense the years so that a trend only is indicated. This method of breaking a series of years into four parts solves both these difficulties. 1*41 t…

In this chart a normal was first decided upon and marked as zero. The departures from this normal, or average, were then plotted above and below the zero line. The deviations below normal are distinguished from those above normal by color. 2^2 GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Abstracts from Time Series Charts. A Manual of Design and Construction, 1938, prepared by Committee on Standards for Graphic Pres…

It is the convention that positive values are measured upword from the horizontal oxis and to the right of the verticol axis and negative values ore measured downward from the horizonlol axis and to the left of the vertical axis. 4. In o time-series chart the vertical or Y axis measures amount, ond the horizontal or X oxis meosures time. 5. Time values In o time-series chart ore usuoily repr…

The points of volue con be indicated by means of other grophic forms such os columns or surfoces, but the fundomentol principle is the some. 9. The values on the omount scale should be continuous,- and points on the scale with their corresponding horizontol rulings should reflect the actual intervals on the scale. 10. Time should be regarded os continuous with vertical rulings used to indica…

Armistice give meaning to the curve. 2. Note the method of indicating the year, the month, and the day. In this book, an illustration occupying a full page is referred to by page number. When there is more than one illustration on a page, each is identified by a letter of the alphabet. When there is more than one footnote beneath an illustration, each is numbered. Thus the cross reference 267…

•^ a C4 c w^ -- cr> c\j (J) C\J (J) 0) a> C V ._ Id in CsJ 0) 0) 0) : -D m ^ u ~ M- J= u « en j: 1. 0. c a> 3 -z *' w a» D U. H Ill Chapter 34 COMPARISONS WITH TWO CURVES HE types of curve charts covered in this chapter are simple comparisons of two curves, cumulative curves, causal relationships and high-low curves. REFERENCES Arkin, Herbert and Raymon…

When more than one curve is put on a grid, it is necesary to make some differentiation between the curves. A dotted line is one solution. 2. The grid of a chart may be omitted to great advantage in some cases. Since the omission often hinders the reading of the chart, the practice should not be encouraged. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION -- bOO.OOO T soo.ooo ft * 4 00.000 i B soo.ooo A ' ' Ar Ai…

If this material had been plotted on a grid with one scale, it would have resulted in too large a chatt. When a common grid is thus used for two scales, care should be taken to put the zero of each at a common starting point. 2. Note the lag of the automobile curve as compared with the steel ingot curve. THOUSAND OOUARS High and Low Pric* of a Membership on th* N. Y. Stock Exchange, 1900-193…

^ y **. c ** > s .$37,000 "' ^" 61,000^ ,• \< lob J5 '0 'c '0 ■| ■I *l ■| ■I •0 "2 •2 •2 f> '2 % '31 '3 '3 '3< ) Chicago Tribune, "The 1938 Chart Book," February 22, 1938. SCALE .8 B. The Price of Memberships on the New York Stock Exchange from 1900 to 1937. Compare this method of presenting high-low data with 28 SB. COMPARISONS WITH TWO CURVES •30 '35 1920 25…

This information is also given in B below. Here the emphasis is on the population movements to and from the farms. These two charts illustrate the technique of shading different sections of the same chart for different emphasis. 1 1 1 1 1 LEAVING FARMS FOR CITIES AND VILLAGES NET MOVEMENT TO FARMS U S Department of ARriculture. Bureau of Auriculfural Economics. B. Movement to and from Farm…

he month for each of the n inches from the first o •hes for the year is given "^ v X^ g: r >J ^ \ I for t colum mn inc \ s \ 1 1 jary, the tota al number of umber of colu \ \l \ \ of Jan the to total n \ \^ •v e end ruary, 7, the \ At th of Feb )cr 193 X"^ '^1 ■\ L « \ nches is zero. At the end nd of Decemt \\ i \ \ C 3 o E Si f \ \ \ of CO on…

• • • • • • Curv* pottamt Principles 1. The purpose of multiple omounl scoles is to compere the movements of two or more series differing considerably in magnitude. 2. Multiple omount scales can be effectively used for comparing on the same grid two or more series not measured in comporable units (e.g., dollars and tons}. 3. In general, the use of multiple amount scales should be restrict…

This procedure, illustrated at the right, will present the curves in their correct relationship. 5. CONTROLLING CURVE MOVEMENT. Scales should be selected which will ovoid undue emphosis of any one curve. iSo selected that the relative movement of the various curves will be comporoble. It is not permissible to enlarge the movement of one curve orbitronly while minimizing the movement of the o…

Curve patterns should be so selected that the curves can be distinguished readily from each other. 2. In general, the simplest patterns ore most effective and most economical. 3. In selecting curve patterns, it Is well to bear In mind the drafting difficulties and disturbing optical effects of complicated patterns. COMPARISONS WITH TWO CURVES y y m y m itn I9M ■ ,/ /• an /' y m / …

^ ««* f^ ^ ^^ =^ ^ Irs t^ 1^ m H W l< W»l n\ « n K Ml K r:4 K m H n6M rtTK Jin )«I4 t\ li niM r National Aitociation of Motor Bus Operators. Washington, D. C, "Bus Facts for 1938." SCALE .9 B. Comparison of the Number of Cities Using All-Rail Transportation, Combined Rail and Bus Transportation, and All Bus Transportation in the United States from 1912 to 1937. 1. In t…

T • » '^v-.. j\ Wo \ rid's Visible Supply Miuand Long Tons ^ y V, K, y^ ^ - Standard Statistics Co., 'Standard Trade and Securities." March 4. 1QJ8 A. The Price of Tin Per Pound in the United States from 1 93 I to 1 938. 1. The inverse relationship chart is an especially interesting one. If there is a causal relationship, a rise in one curve may cause a fall in the other. 2. The c…

ACTIVITY /v %' 1 1 iO \ \ « « L/^ w > v n \ <M <, J^ ^..^ ,. ^^___ __^_ __,_ ^_ ^,_ I9IS ino Dun's Review. February 1<)J') ins )>M SCALE .7 B. Twenty-five Year Comparison of Dun's Insolvency Index and the Cleveland Trust Company Index of Business in the United States. 1. Compare with A above. 2. Obviously the records of insolvency show an increase during periods of …

a to u in j: « _c 'T u > "(5 (0 •-- 0) u •-« r fc c 'm > a f^ c u *^ <Q c -C to c j: r a oo c o •^^ o c c > u a c o T3 m j: '•5 o •a <o u £ a. o b •o u n a re < ^ p< GRAPHIC PRESENTATION sua -- 1 I 1 At OVta SllICT* 1 1 ,. l**1 « k-- » ••im Mm ^ f^ Amt :^ \ ! ' ' ty bT tS:: ^^ SfltCTS oviR St ANDAKM / ^' N…

In the process of photostatting, some of the dots were lost, with the result that uniformity of shading was lost. For that reason the chart was redrawn. 1tt4 •« 1* 27 l* •« M 11 •« JJ »« »S St Redrawn from U. S. Farm Credit Administration, Cooperatives Division, "Business Analysis of the Utah Poultry Producers Cooperative Association," E>ec. 1937. SCALE .6 STATE & FEDERAL GASOLINE SALES TAX…

Pogue, "Economics of the Petroleum Industry," March 1939, The Chase National Bank of the City of New York. B. Trend of Average Retail Price of Gasoline in Fifty Representative Cities in the United States by Months, 1919-1938, Showing Incidence of Gasoline Sales Tax. Courtesy of The Texas Company. COMPARISONS WITH CURVES SS4?= ^ il*. i*^ k\ 4JL1 fi- R*^ rv ^ N^ - 'T* -^ jr r /…

When the bars are adjacent to each other as they are in this chart, the similarity between the bar form and the curve form of high-low chart is more pronounced. See 276B. IS18SS!BMBBIiV««a 1 938- -19 3 9- y- \n -- lao 2IS " 0 : 70 INDUSTRIALS mi, ^E?? gffte ws^ 30 RAILROADS & = 53' New York Herald Tnbune. March 13. 1939. SCALE 6 C. Trend of Prices on the New York Stock Exchang…

A Comparison of the Percentage of Sales of Five Types of Motor Coaches in the United States from 1929 to 1937. 1. The total of the percentages which the lines represent is one hundred. 2. One way of differentiating a large number of curves plotted on one grid is shown here. 3. It might have been better to connect the labels to the lines with arrows, eliminating the necessity for putting them …

the months of a year, by noting the position of JASON in the line, it is easy to determine whether the year begins with January or June. *V CtHT i 1 . ! i :\' ^ . 1 1 \ \^ V, kucavt B*M« oocotMT lun >tj i A ;■..... -'... ^ kNCt «*Tt ^ iSi 19V lii4 «35 •93^ i45? Federal Reserve Bank of New York, "Monthly Review." April 1. 1937 B. Money Rates in the New York Market from …

GRAPHIC PRESENTATION ^Arrtiiiiiuiiiuiuiiiiii'iiiuuu ; 1 1 ;i j a 1 9 > II { s J ; ; 1 1 s .1 1 2 s .8 s } ? Iji 11 ! .: 1 Brinton, "Graphic Methods." McGraw-Hill, 1914. SCALE .5 A. Yearly Average of Revenue Tons per Train Mile on the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad. 1. The dotted line in this chart is a progressive average, or an average of all the items shown. 2. The numbers along the …

A moving average, often used in graphic charts, is obtained in this way: the statistics for a number of years are averaged and the result is plotted at the half-way mark. Thus if the data for the 9 years from 1890 to 1898 had been averaged, the result would be plotted at the year 1895. COMPARISONS WITH CURVES '• E (J o o L. a. >« '<o 0) 0) <0 Id wt- _ O u a, Li ^ 0) > < > o …

Employnnent Service on the Active File from April 1934 to January 1938. 1. Whereas each of these three curves minht have been presented separately, the combination of the tliree presents a picture not otherwise possible. 2. Notice how a solid section in the two lines at the bottom is rcHected in the upper one. 3IE COMPARISONS WITH CURVES FftCSHMEN 1912 1913 19W 1915 1916 1917 6,000 5,000 …

enrollment of this class in 1917 at the beginning of its senior year had dropped to a little over 2.000. •40 SO so •0 « 4.P I 11 I I I 1 1 - •| MARIETTA, OHIO ■-- - /i \ ■ ^ - 44 U k i -Htj \ r f n \ ' - ,F Js r ^ X ^ w \ r" / I f T . i \ ..If 1' > t Wi, Ji t ^f 40^-^ ^1 i iX i f iHn ff t *1 vun \ jrJ " \ " t^' rM-l. ^ ^ . ^ _ ^ …

r^-/\/y. . , ''s ^ V . T\ .^-Jrf. 1^ \ : : ^ ■ « fOB TEN TEARS ENDING National RftourcM Committee, "Report of Water Planning Committee, Part III," 1934. SCALE .7 B. Ten-Year Moving Averages of Annual Precipitation for Marietta, Ohio, and St. Paul, Minnesota, from 1 840 to 1931. This chart differs from 288B and 289 in that it is a moving average "for ten years ending" rather than for te…

A, Chart Showing by Months the Average Total Daily Water Consumption In Boston, and by Months the Average Daily Per Capita Water Consunnption. Also the Yearly Average of Daily Consunnption Stated in Total and Per Capita. 1. In this illustration, the curves may be read from either of two different sets of coordinate rulings. Using the horizontal ruled lines, we may read from the curves the aver…

Curve in Neon Lights on a Glass Grid Placed in Front of Three Related Curves Painted on a Wall Surface. 1. Tubular form of the neon light lends itself particularly well to the making of illuminated curve charts without limit in size. Colors are available to give contrast in superimposed curves. Consideration should be given to glare as lights may be too brilliant for easy reading. 2. On the g…

The terms "100% band chart," "percentage chart," and "percentage band chart," designate only those charts in which material is presented qn the basis of 100%. See 297B, 299B. and 300. The terms "surface chart" and "band chart" may be used when referring to either of the two charts shown on page 300. Pfdfral Rfservc Bank of New York. "Monthly Review," July 1. 1037. SCALE .7 A. Reserve Balan…

Because it probably was desired to emphasize the unemployed, the division of the total supply of workers representing the unemployed was put in black ink. 2. Note that the total supply of workers increases each year, due no doubt to the increase in population COMPONENT PARTS SHOWN BY CURVES U S Department of ARriculturc. Bureau of Agricultural Economics. SCALE 8 Approximate Acreage of Crop…

"The Federal Chart Book," Prepared by Central Statittical Board and National Resources Committee, January 1938. B. Population in the United States by Size of "Conrimunity" from 1890 to 1930. 1. Each incorporated place is a separate "community." The use of a heavy line to represent the total emphasizes the fact that the lines below it arc merely divisions. 2. See 93 A4. COMPONENT PARTS SHOWN B…

Note the position of the label for the "total" line. Dun's Rrview. August 1938 B. Percentage Distribution of Strike Issues in the United States from 1927 to 1937. The 100% band chart is similar in principle to the charts which contain a series of 100% bars. See 102B. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION ^IRCKNT *■ -- „^^ ^^ - - fc. rFi }AD 5T,5 ■^ ■1 ^ ^^^ ^ ^ i. ^ i s^ ^ .^ ^ y ^ …

A Manual of Design and Construction, 1938, prepared by Committee on Standards for Graphic Presentation, under procedure of American Standards Association, with The American Society of Mechanical Engineers as sponsor body. SURFACE CHARTS CAN OFTEN BE USED SUCCESSFULLY: 1. To add emphojis to a chart which might appear weak as a line chort. 2. To emphosize "omount" as against "ratio." 3. To …

GRIDS As o surface chart is rarely used for the accurate determinotion of values, few horizontal rulings ore necessary. They generally serve merely os bases of comparison. Surface charts ore generally more effective with relatively few vertical rulings. Minor time divisions can, in such coses, be indicated by means of stubs on the horizontal Kole. COMPONENT PARTS SHOWN BY CURVES A. Percentag…

SURFACES Surloces should be so shoded os to present a pleasing, even tone. In stroto charts the layers should be so shoded as to be easily distinguished. The weight and spocing of the lines and dots of the shading ore important; both should be determined from a considerotion of the size of the areas to be shoded end amount of reduction intended Proiected surfaces may be indicated by lighter sho…

(dl Doited Shading (pebbled or stippled) is particularly useful for narrow layers of a stroto chart. 6. SURFACE DESIGNATION. Lobels should generally be pieced entirely within their respective surfaces If the surface is too smoH to permit this, o lobel may be placed entirely outside ond related to the surfoce by meons of on arrow. Keys should not be used if direct lobielmg is possible. However…

When component parts are presented in curve charts and if space will allow, it is desirable to use two charts, one showing quantities and the other showing percentages. The above charts illustrate the reason. Chapter 37 INDEX NUMBERS SHOWN BY CURVES in a chart showing index numbers, 100 is used as the basis of comparison. In computing index numbers, one item or the average of several consec…

In index numbers, one figure is selected at 100% and all others are expressed as percentages of that figure. In this chart the average for the years from 1923 through 1925 was selected as the base figure or 100%. 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 Federal Reserve Bank of New York, "Monthly Review," March 1, 193 7. SCALE .7 B. Indexes of Volume of Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Exp…

Bureau of ARricultural Economics SCALE b B. Comparison of the Indexes of Production, Total Value, and Price of Seventeen Vegetables for Fresh Market in the United States from 1919 to 1936. In curve charts, when a number of curves are plotted on the same grid and when a number of curve patterns are used, it is better to have the curves labelled as they are here than to have a boxed legend or ke…

be taken to select one which is representative, and devoid of "high peaks" or "low valleys." 3. For another method of presenting this material, sec 114A. Per Cent ▲ ^ ^ /> «N ^ ^^ •^ k ^ >V ^ ^ ^^^ ____^ _^ Quarters 100 Per Cent 3 4 2 3 2 3 Leonard P Ayrcs B. Method Developed in Washington, D. C, During the World War to Keep Track of British Ship-Building. The blue lin…

The technique of putting the detail for the last year under a magnifying glass is good. eso PncM tfht \ r- Piot ■Old - yiT' > ^ f^ } • r . . "T" Pnew WPA ,Tnd Bureau of ARricuIturnl Economics. 'Rur.nl Poverty." 1038. SCALE .7 B. Prices Paid and Prices Received by Farmers in the United States 1910-1937. For Prices Paid the Average Year August 1 910- 1 9 14 Equals 100%. For Pric…

To add meaning to numerical values, a comparison with index numbers is often useful. The insertion of the small index number chart in the space at the upper right shows one method of accomplishing this. 2. Note the method of breaking the grid to indicate an omission of a period of years. 3. See 93 A4. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION WPA. and Burrau of Acncultural Economics. "Rural Poverty." l')38. SCA…

•.XI •.1 •3."; •36 •37 •38 B. Steel Production in the United States from 1921 to 1938. 1926 Equals 100%. This chart shows concretely that the average for the base period actually averages 100% on the chart. Sec also 302B. INDEX NUMBERS SHOWN BY CURVES MOCX NUMBint, HI6H MONTH Of i«s;>ioo National Industrial Confrrcnoc Board. Inc , November 2S. 1038 SCALE 7 Depression and Recovery in t…

r ' V 0. m mt m m nonnnBHniKTononifaonaifatifuitstnimt U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor StatUtici, "Labor Information Bulletin," April 1936. A. Physical Volume of Industrial Production in the United States fronn 1919 to 1936. 1923-25 Average Equals 100%. Compare with B below. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION (PER CAPITA) Magazine of Wall Street, January 29, 1938. SCALE 7 B. Per Capita I…

An Example of a Multiple Axis Graph. 1. It has been noted that when a multiple scale is used on an arithmetic chart, all scales must have a common zero line. When the data are chant; ed to index numbers, it is possible to arrange the curves on a multiple axis; that is, each curve fluctuates around its own base, or 100, and can be moved farther from or closer to other curves without distorting…

"L.Tndlortl and Tenant on ttif Cotton Plantation." IQJ6. Distribution of Total Gross Income of 645 Cotton Plantations in the United States in 1934. A frcqiit'ncy chart is a distribution accordinn to certain catcnorics. In this chart the cate- Horifs arc income groups. The first bar represents the number of cotton plantations in the United States with an income less than $2,000 a year, while t…

The notation of the median age means that there are as many men younger than 26 working as machine operators as there arc men older than 26. Ill GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Male Female WPA, Diviiion of Social Rcsfarch. "Urban Workers on Relief," 1936. SCAI.E 9 Duration of Unemployment Since Last Non-Relief Job of Unemployed Workers on Relief in May 1934 by Socio-Economic Group of Usual Occupatio…

89 1213 16 17 20-21 24 25 28 29 32 33 36 37 COUNTIES YIELD-PER-ACRE GROUPS.IN BUSHELS U S. Dcparttiwnt of Acriculturc, Burrau of Acricultural Economics. SCALE .8 Distribution of 2,412 Counties in the United States Into Wheat Yield-per-acre Groups. This shovwT the three steps in securing a frequency curve. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION ■|i HUMDRCDS OF CARS MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. Rrtlrawn …

16-17 - ytort o» og« am- -- ■Iili 18-19 I ftOfi of 09« ■ 20-21 yeort o( oge ' ^■ti ■ ■ ■ I 22-24 yeors of oqe ' LLt [ JLJL-M. htow 1-3 4-5 6 7 8 9 10 Grode school and high school OPEN COUNTRY - Grode completed 2 3 College 16-17 years of oge 6-17 ■ rs of oge ■ zidtulxx^ 18-19 20 [- yeors of oge ■ 1 ■ I l^-rrl 20-21 years of oge 1_I_I Jml 22-24 yeors of oge T^ITI i …

0) a: "o ^ u c •V c u u a> > c Xi C8 _ bC <D u be >> 0) ^ >> 0) u --> u tC •o ^ u a n c c T3 c a> u c in « ^«2 u u a> < ■? 6 IS i « 5 -O 1 :? d) u 2 CL o Of ^ u C 0) o -^ ^ ^ o >.- ■^ o tN ni (/» "a ^ o ^ 0) in m ^ m z: J3 ^ 2- i; 2 -. J= >2 " "5 z: ., « CD (/» *> 3 •C i Q - FREQUENCY CHARTS HALF-YEARLY INTERVALS. JUL…

If this chart is turned so that the left side becomes the base line, the similarity between it and other frequency charts is more easily seen. 2. The shaded areas and the use of numbers to give a key to the states are good techniques. 318 ■ GRAPHIC PRESENTATION ■!■ ■■ UCDIAN, BWKAU OF STAHOAffOS • SM-A^y or Ott Of HJODC IMXvmMLS ontp cu»f3i tA/tm^Gs or CNc»€)a»c auaMJB, auLUVN a ISOOO 140…

Comparison of the Salaries of the Professional Staff of the National Bureau of Standards in August 1928 With the Salaries of Persons Holding the Same Type of Position Outside the Federal Service. The 5 curves labelled as follows: "lower boundary of maximum 10 per cent," "lower boundary of maximum 25 per cent," "median," "upper boundary of minimum 25 per cent," and "upper boundary of minimum 1…

1. Each dot represents one carload of cement. Dots in the area marked "one price system" represent sales at prices yielding to the mill its "then current maximum mill net price." 2. Dots in successive outer zones represent sales yielding less than the mill's maximum mill net by an amount within the range of cents indicated within each zone on the chart. The guide for cents per zone is shown in…

According to the comments in Dun's Review, the wide scatter of individual cases indicates a "growth tendency in favor of small concerns" rather than indicating that "all large stores had built sales volume more rapidly than the small ones." It should be noted that the vertical rulings are logarithmic. The limited number of vertical and horizontal rulings was intentional -that is, they were li…

1 1 « o» c ' r " National Electric Light Association Bulletin, Feb. 1923. CENTS BUSHEL '28 PRICES ADJUSTED FOR LEVEL OF INCOMES OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS (l924-29= tOO) 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 PRODUCTION PLUS NET IMPORTS OR MINUS NET EXPORTS (BUSHELS. MILLIONS) U S Department of Agriculture. Bureau of Agricultural Economics. SCALE .9 B. The Relation of Adjusted Farm Price of Potato…

Ox A ivj** x"^*/ * 4rf ft '*3 O 0 / /a X ♦ * 4rf o oo XAX OA, ^ " X * 1/^ .if-* ' ^ 10 IS 20 PRECIPITATION eu O I I ■ ■ (two months o o *■ Hifh. 20 0 bushtis tnd orw X Supvior 140-199 buthtlt A Modtl 10 0-I3 9buthtlt O loir unOtr 100 bulhUl - 70* eo' o ° o o O o ♦ AA* O X A° t A a' "A A O ,aO o Of < ^* Avi A VC^^'^ ♦ » ♦^JAO^W"-* ' A " A . A» , g 4 …

The most strikinR feature of this chart is the concentration of "high" and "superior" yields of wheat within the middle ranges of annual and pre-harvest precipitation and of annual temperature. 1. Of the 60 areas characterized by an annual precipitation of less than 20 inches, only 18 had long-time average yields of wheat above 14 bushels. These 18 are dryfarming areas in Canada and the wester…

• • •31 '33 ••32 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 PRODUCTION OF SWEETPOTATOES ( MILLIONS OF BUSHELS) DEVIATION FROM A (B) ' ^' ^^23 ■27 • • •30 • • • •31 '34 • 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 PRODUCTION OF POTATOES ( MILLIONS OF BUSHELS) 90 100 no 120 130 140 150 INDEX OF FOOD PRICES (AV. JULY-JUNE; I9IOI9I4'IOO ) SCALE 8 U. S. Department of ARriculturc, Bureau of AKricultural Economics. …

y y Y. 8+. >I7 X -^ V- 6 + oirx OirTS AMD TAXES KOO JOCO 40CO KOOO 1000 tOOO rCAHiy INCOME tto ^ ' ^ lOO to o '^^^^ ^ Y» -2I+04IX D. H. Kaplan, "Expenditure Patterns of Urban Families, ciation. March 1938 Journal of the American Stmtiitical Asso- SCALE 8 Straight Line Fitted to Average Expenditures in Relation to Family Income in Wage-Earner Families of Chicago, Illinois,…

- 3,000 A. D. H. Kaplan. "Expenditurr Patterns of Urban Families," Journal of the American Statistical Association. March 1938. SCALE .9 Expenditure Pattern of Wage-Earner Families in Chicago, Illinois, in 1935-36. 1. It should be noted that these lines are cumulative. The line numbered 5 represents on the expenditure scale the amount spent for 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1. The difference between 4 and …

30 40 50 60 English Marks - 7o eo 9o too iHUa oj W. (iamtU <n the Journal of the Koyal SlallsHcal Society. 1910 Brinton. Graphic Methods.' McGraw-Hill. 1014 SCALE Q Examination Marks Obtained by 9,396 English School Girls in English and Arithmetic. 1. Each girl is represented by one dot showing the grade in English and the grade in arithmetic. The dots are arranged uniformly inside squares …

Ratio of Estimated Market Value of Property January I, 1934, to Average Annual Family Income for 1933, by Income Classes in Four Geographical Divisions of the United States. 1. Five geographical divisions which were included in the original group have been omitted. 2. The method of reading these charts is as follows: in the Pacific section, represented by the four cities listed, the property…

La Ro«e, 1Q31 Year Book of the National Association of Cost Accountants, N. Y. C. SCALE ,7 A. Profit Chart Showing the Relation of Sales and Profit. 1. This is a detailed version of 328B. 2. The two lines around which the others are plotted are the ones labelled "A" and "B" at the lower left, which represent total income from sales and total cost of sales, respectively. So long as "B" is abo…

The Average Daily Circulation of the Number of Window Displays Required to Obtain Normal Distribution in Various Cities. The dots represent actual average daily window display circulation passing the normal number of displays in each of the cities studied. It has been estimated that to produce normal display distribution, the average daily window display circulation passing a display should e…

3 "50 S LOO S OM 0 2000 4000 MOO 80OO ICtOOO I7M) M^OO (^ WIOO XtOOO 17000 NOOO lUOO NUMBER or WELLS Joiei>h E PoRUc. "Eronomics of the Petroleum Industry. •■ March IQ.JO. The Chase National Bank of the City of New York. SCALE .6 B. Correlation Between Weighted Average Price of Crude Oil and (a) Nunnber of Dry Holes Drilled and (b) Number of Oil Wells Drilled. Data Are by Years, 1915 t…

One scale of the grid represents percentages and the other scale represents "more than" or "less than" values. NUMftER OF FAMILIES 90,000,000 20,000,000 10,000,000 NUMftER OF FAMILIES RECEIVIN6 INCOMES OVER SPECIFIED AMOUNTS <Z Rrdrawn from Advertising and Selling, January 1917 Number of Families Receiving Incomes Over Specified Amounts in the United States in 1916. 1. In reading the …

A Lorenz chart gives frequency distribution when both the variable and invariable quantities are reduced to percentages. The curve is plotted on a grid on which both the horizontal and the vertical scales represent 100%. 'V ^ / / / -- It ll % ^ i •< 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Waqe ner Week ,in Dollars A. Actual Wage Distribution of 381.- 575 Workers in the United States in 19…

0 I 2 J 4 $ 6 T e <) 10 II 17 13 14 IS 16 n 18 19 20 21 n U NUMBER OF COMPANIES Joseph E. Pogue, "Economics of the Petroleum Industry," March liJiQ, The Chase National Bank of the City of New York. B. Concentration of Production and Refining in the United States in 1937; Chart Showing Cunnulative Percentages of National Totals Represented by Largest Units. OGIVE AND LORENZ CHARTS Henry S. …

For this reason it is possible to construct the curve for any particular problem with a small number of observations. 2. For explanation 6f this chart, see 335. 111=111=111=111=111 334 ■ ^^^.,^.^ ■ GRAPHIC PRESENTATION TABLE A. Neck Measurements of White Troops at Demobilization Neck Measurements, Centimeters Number of Men Upper Limit of Class Interval Cumulative Frequency Cumula…

H. E. Mann, Incorporated Shirt Bands, Shirt Bands, Shirt-band Length Less 3 Centimeters Range of Neck Sizes for Given Inches Centimeters Shirt Sizes, Centimeters 30.02 29.4-30.69 I3h' 34-29 31.29 30.7-31.89 35-56 32.56 3i-«^33.i9 14V2 36.83 33-83 33.2-34.49 38.10 35-10 34-5-35-69 15 W 39.37 36-37 35-7-36.99 40.64 37.64 37.0-38.29 16' 2 41.91 38.91 38.3-39.49 …

t Frequencies at extreme ends of the curve cannot be determined from this probability paper. Marked values have been roughly estimated to make the total approach 100%. Brown. Bingham, and Temnomeroff, ■Laboratory Handbook of Statistical Methods," McGraw-Hill. lOJl. The three tables on this page and page 334, and 333B were used in a hypothetical case to figure out how to distribute 100,000 shir…

)ALE5 •1 • 1 • 1 • / r 1 4^ • f <:.<^ i / / / / • • • • • ^ 0 20 40 60 80 100 PERCENT NUMBER FIRMS Redrawn from United States Department of Commerce. SCALE .9 Distribution of Wholesale Sales by Size of Firm for the United States According to the 1930 Census. 1. The "line of equal distribution" is drawn in this Lorenz chart. The distance between the curve and the diagonal…

> ^^S^^"^ ^*- j-<^ t^^ -•^ ^Xk "^ y ^ y -^^- /^ -^^^ -- '* ^ u y y z:^/^ / y /. / / y^!^ / < / ^ -y^j- / / ^^/ _ * / -' /// .?50 ,' ^ Y ^ / /-- [/.0__ .. h ■ *-- / / / ^2 ■ '^40 / / /// jT / ' / It / 1=" / /// / 1 r ff J '-Hrr ^30 iff / fr/ rf/ ,?' / / 0. ' & y ■', -- ^^ -- ~' Housotonic " 3onnec+iCLrt " /Vesrl-field 1 at.John …

The method of reading this curve chart is as follows: at the end of six months, or 50% of the time period, there had been 82% of the total annual run-off of the St. John River. If the distribution was the same for every month, at the end of six months 50% only would have run off. REFERENCES: Lorenz, M. O., "Methods of Measuring the Concentration of Wealth," Publications of the American Stati…

When certain series of observations showing frequency data are plotted on arithmetic probabiHty paper, the points do not fall in a straight line, but in a curve. Plotted on probability paper with a logarithmic scale as the ordinate, the points may fall approximately in a straight line or a gentle curve. In order to benefit from the use of probability paper, it is not necessary that the plotte…

Although in many instances the spacing of the ruHngs clearly indicates to an experienced reader that the chart is plotted on ratio ruling, it is frequently desirable to indicate the ratio basis as shown in 345 and 346. This is especially necessary if the chart covers a comparatively short range of scale since the reader might not notice the difference in spacing of horizontal lines on the gr…

On the ratio scale, equal vertical distances represent equal percentage differences; that is, the distance from 1 to 2 is the same as the distance from 2 to 4 and from 4 to 8. B. Key for Assistance in Selecting the Proper Scale for Three - Deck Ratio Paper. 1. If the figures of the data to be plotted on 3-deck ratio paper fall within the range of any one of these six brackets, the four …

.•'WORLD EXCL U.S. .-'MILLIONS OF BARRELS / / r / > / / .M^A = ■* '/' -J ' tiJ ^^•^ ^ , U.S. POPULATION ijss A^ t\ 1 . r i\ MILLIONS OF PERSONS^ j-P^" =T^n 1 F / \ k J ^ .r-^SS / i^i \J .^ ^^^ A>_> l^ r\lt /V / ^^ 'T: i If / w » /MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS /• HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS \ / f \ / ? "M V' INDEX OF INDUSTR f^PROOUCTION (STAN oTAT.)…

CIGARETTES-^ jT f / / _^ f .#^^" • \ i y N^ .-■% y^^ ' ^^ ^ \ •^ V / \ \ ^ fi o y ^'' ^* r c IGARS ^ ^««»^_ "^^ \ \ / \ / V' • till 1 1 r J 1 1 1 r 1 1 I 1 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1934 WPA, National Rcicarch Project. "Cigar-Malcert -- After thr Lay-off," December 1937. Per Capita Consumption of Cigars and Cigarettes in the United States fronn 1900…

Since there is no zero line on a rate-of-change chart, there is no difficulty in presenting on the same grid two groups of data which have different scales. Compare with 276A. .! =i. ar. an< .0 ig£ ire lATM tte •CA c 1 -- 1 on I -- 1 1 -- 1 Tip I 1 tic rn iX ^ ^ -- -- ^ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- = = ^ ^ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- a if t:l iui i»ft w •- -- -…

That is, if a cycle two inches high is used for one scale, a cycle two inches high must be used for the other scale. It would not be possible to compare the "cigar consumption" curve in this chart with the "cigarette" curve in 341. RATIO CHARTS l|lHl|l REFERENCES: Karsten, Karl G., Charts and Graphs, Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York City, 1923. Wenzel, J.. "Graphic Charts; the Use of the Loga…

f c»»7 .MT 1*11 1%. It ^^ L- m» ^*"* or cKuM MM 10 mxi ^ 1 rrrnoLCuM McriNcnics 1 i .... 1 ... . m H >« B' * > Ml n i« u w rt n U f*l n JTtAM LOCOMCmwtS CLASS I noAos ywcioMT M.wvict roi#«« or coAi. rcN tooo uiois ruciwrr toh-mlcs •ai nr> STtAM LOCOMOTIVCS CLASS 1 ROADS PASSENG€R StRVICt l«U IXT r«^MDS or COM *CM r*SKN6C« TMAiM CAA-ftM.C : I I ; -. J IRON BLAST ruK…

Failures by Industrial Groups and Size of Liabilities in the United States from 1935 to Decennber 1938. There is a definite corollary to be derived from these two charts. In the upper one industries labelled "retail trade" have the largest number of failures. In the lower one. those industries whose liabilities are under $25,000 have the largest number of failures. From these two facts, it may…

Division of Social Rcsrarrh, •■Trctxls in Rtlicf Ex|>rndituret, iqiO-IQ3.S," 1937. Trends of Expenditures for Public Outdoor Relief in Selected Areas from 1910 to 1935. The scale may be omitted, as it is here, with only a notation that the chart is plotted on a rate-of-change scale. The curves have been moved toKcthcr even though the scales do not coincide. RATIO CHARTS A. Growth of Busines…

tn ; -- -- ^ .,.. mmImm Llli. IB6O IBTO 1880 1990 NOO 1910 1910 nSD Eltctronirs. October 10.18. P.Trt of an Editorial Entitled "Why a Public Relations ProRram?" (Source: National Industrial Conference Board). 1 /^: A- -- / ! . /V ^J \ / " /\ \ \ ' i»» m IS /v \/^ -v \J f" /> 1^ v^ \ /^ w 1 ^ lAYON'* r r-, '"' .1 .* ^"« f /" Y, d cCOTTON \ • •A' •-A %/ %…

A Manual of Design and Construction, 1938, prepared by Committee on Standards for Graphic Presentation, under procedure of American Standards Association, with The American Society of Mechanical Engineers as sponsor body. RATE-OF-CHANGE CHARTS A. DEFINITION. The rate-of-chonge chart ("rotio" or "semi-logarithmic" chart) is a type used for picturing the percentage or relative change in valu…

When the readers are likely to be familiar with this form of chart. 4. When the usual arithmetic chart would present a misleading picture of movement. 5. For occasions when there are no minus figures included in the time series. Note; If it is desired to present a complete picture of both rote of change end amount of chonge the dato con be presented on componion charts, one with a logarithmi…

Multiple amount scales are more appropriate for rate-of-change charts than for arithmetic charts because in the former the movement of the curves is compared and not their position relative to a base. Note: in order to take full advantage of the scale range, the verticol scole numerals usuolly printed on a chart sheet may be multiplied by any constont foctor but integers should be chosen so th…

A Manual of Design and Construction, 1938, prepared by Committee on Standards for Graphic Presentation, under procedure of American Standards Association, with The American Society of Mechanical Engineers as sponsor body. CURVES. The plotting on rate-of-change charts requires considerable care because of the peculiar character of the logarithmic spacing. Where special grids are prepared witho…

An Arithmetic Chart Showing Prices of Non-ferrous Metals in the United States from 1917 to 1937. "o to ! ? ^ itt a \ > i i 'ft "5 c V, . -- ■^ > / _o ■3 u i i ^ > nr^ c u u in ^ * 'f i \ afiU !«■■ 5 ^" 0 0 u <n W <n ^ f^ 0-SL i ^ V f'v .2 "o « •a V. >. w i ^^ J^ 0 ^ i2 XI owing black rush. "> 4L\ ow sh ecame air b ^ > f .E 0 •?…

/ i\ / 1 > r .s ■ i " < E> \ ? i"^ > » < . 3 ^s ■ s L ^ " ■V- yf ^ > > r ■^' - -- -■ 1 I Hi > L i c: \\ <d ^ ^:: « r» nt a id y «o i o u 0) (A « ■■ m a § •« c * o l*» •c »> a •« E o o 5 ft Ot .5 -o •< r». « s fw ro c ir\ O- -- C (9 ** £. V o r^ 5. .2 wt o -- >- c 0» o 0» »•- i/i j: . 0) " T3 •0 9) "U •5 .. …

This chart shows a number of interesting items, among them the ranking of the principal nations of the world in the production of rayon. RATIO CHARTS SCALE 8 A. A Method of Ruling Logarithmic Paper. 1. When logarithmic paper with cycles of the proper height is not available, it is fairly easy to rule paper using a cycle bigger or smaller than the space allotted. In the illustration above, a…

div. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 parts to the inch. Keuffel 8» Esser Co.. New York. Chapter 42 THREE-DIMENSIONAL METHODS EY MEANS of three-dimensional models, similar to those shown in 354, 355A, and 355B, it is possible to present three variables in the form of curves rather than the usual two. Other methods of showing three dimensions are illustrated in the isometric block diagram in 356A and …

Pacific Gas and EIrctric Company, San Franrlsco. California. SCALE 4 A. Three-Dimensional Curve of the 1935 Load of the Consolidated System of the Pacific Gas and Electric Connpany. 1. Dimensions of the model, excluding base, are 12" x 24" x 12" high. 2. The front black section represents a load curve showing variation from day to day throughout the year for the last half hour of each day. T…

m ^\n*'^<^i-m^c fi ^1 ^^ K^KfcC'^^^* ^^^-^' Harry H. Laughlin, Department of Genetics, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, N. Y. SCALE .7 A. The Mathematical Model for the Specific Formula of Heredity. W. D Johnston. Jr., and T. B. Nolan, "Isometric Block Diagrams in Mining Geology." Economic Geology. August 1937, SCALE .5 B. Block Diagram of a Large Mine D…

< s. s ^ s s ^ < <" / -^ s <^ < ^ \ KeufTel 8l Esser Co., New York. B. Isometric Cross Section Paper. A drawing on isometric paper combines the principles of mechanical and perspective drawing. The principal lines are drawn vertically, horizontally, and 30 or 60 degrees to the horizontal. As a result all parallel lines of an object are drawn parallel and three faces of the obje…

The three dimensions are the years from 1750 to 1875, the number of persons, and the age of the persons. In this book, an illustration occupying a full page is referred to by page number. When there is more than one illustration on a page, each is identified by a letter of the alphabet. When there is more than one footnote beneath an illustration, each is numbered. Thus the cross reference 2…

Equilibrium Diagram of the Ternary System, Leucite -- Diopside -- Silica. Chapter 43 COMPOSITE CHARTS Jb o present a more complete picture it is often desirable to combine several different types of charts. The charts in this chapter illustrate different methods of combining various charts. NET INCOME IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS z - « li m - too 1975 197b 1977 1978 1979 1930 1911 1957 19JJ 19…

These three charts give the complete picture of corporation income-tax returns in the metal-minirig industry. They indicate that all mines are not "bonanzas." In fact, many mining corporations re(>ort no net income each year. COMPOSITE CHARTS SCALE INDLX SCALE /•Labor Cost IjieO ' '.Per *100 Value. (^ Gross- >/vlncomc ■ no 0(> 9^t Guttav R. Stahl, J. T. Trenholm & Co.. N. Y. C f75ah…

- Tariff level -^^^ ^ PRICE MARGINS AND TARIFF LEVEL ' ^ ^- Minneapolis over ~ Winnipeg . I ■ I ■ I ■ I ■ I ■ I .1 . 1 ■ I ■ I ■ I . I ■ I .1 ■ I . I . I .1 . 1 .1 ■ I ■ I ■ I . I ■ I ■ I . I ■ I . I . I ■ I 1 -- r -I 1-- HARD RED WHEAT, IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION, FULL DUTY PAID ii - ILJ _lA.i 1922-23 '26-27 '30-31 YEAR BEGINNING JULY '34-35 U S. Drpartmrnt of Aerirulturr. Burrau of …

NONDURABLE GOODS LAUNDRIES WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE _. GENERAL MERCHANDISING- OTHER THAN GENERAL MERCHANDISING QUARRYING AND NONMETALLIC MINING- DYEING AND CLEANING _ National Industrial Confcrrnrr Board. Inc.. N. Y. C. June 17. 1938. SCALE .6 Cost of Living and "Real" Weekly Earnings in the United States From 1929 to 1938. Curves, bars, and a sector chart combined give a clear, conc…

• 214* ^ ' •'t 'J r \ *" ^ v:n ,1 ^ y lit •• I RA tee e / / LRO* KNIK i) ^ \ / /''/ / AHO 0 XVCT \UTIOH HHCR. , \ / / / '1 « y f / > t'o / f 2S MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES 1 1 (tLl ilALCil 1 1 •< UOi.A Vf. ">° l»T4 IS •16 •|7 °I8 •19 •20 '21 •22 •23 •25 •26 •2 7 '26 •29 •30 •31 •32 •33 •34 •3S •36 •3 7 National Industrial Conference…

COMPARATIVE PASSENGER CAPACITIES OF MAJOR TRANSIT AND TRAFFIC IMPROVEMENTS One express-local subway will carry 100,000 passengers per hour in one direction on two tracks. Twenty-one four-lane elevated highways would be required to carry the same load in autonnobiles. It everyone came to work by private automobile, each office building would need a garage of the same size for the stora…

Note that the two curves and the bars have a common zero line, but the scales arc different. Ill Chapter 44 SUGGESTIONS FOR MAKING A CHART I HE FIRST problem in producing a chart, assuming that the data have been gathered, is in the choice of materials to be used in drawing it. Often the materials at hand in the office or drafting room are sufficient. It is also possible to plan the produc…

For that reason, a wide choice of printed graph paper is offered the draftsman. The use of printed graph paper saves time and is comparatively inexpensive. 2. One type of rectangular coordinate paper, called utility paper, is shown above. It has 52 spaces on the long edge to represent one year by weeks, or 4 years by months. The 36 spaces may be used to represent one month by days, 3 years by …

It does not wrinkle paper and may be used for a temporary joining, as well as for a permanent one. Transparent materials may be used to great advantage in comparing curves, bars, or other types of graphic charts. The charts are drawn directly on the transparent material. When placed over each other, a clear comparison is possible. SOURCES OF TRANSPARENT MATERIALS: Celluloid Corporation, Newa…

SUGGESTIONS FOR MAKING A CHART A. Triangles, T-Square, and French Curve. 1. The triangle on the left is 30 x 60 degree, while the one on the right is a 45 degree triangle. 2. French curves are available in a great many shapes and forms. The one shown here is one of the simplest. 3. These drawing instruments arc part of the equipment for a standard drawing board. Eugene Dietzgen Co., New…

In choosing a drawing pencil, the depth and width of line desired are among the various criteria. ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ 370 I ■ GRAPHIC PRESENTATION REFERENCES Arkin. Herbert and Raymond R. Colton. Graphs: How to Make and Use Them. Harper & Brothers. New York City, 1937. Brinton. Willard C. Graphic Methods for Presenting Facts, McGraw-Hill Book Co.. Inc.. New York City, 1914. Brown. Theodore…

If when using a wax crayon, the color tends to smear, scrape the surface with a razor blade. The excess crayon is thus removed. Lumber crayons may be used for extremely heavy color work. Makers of crayons: American Crayon Co., Sandusky, Ohio, New York City. Art Crayon Co., Inc., Brooklyn, N. Y. Binney &" Smith Co., New York City. Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J., New York City …

A good drawing ink should be smooth flowing and quick drying as well as permanent and waterproof. The stopper is usually equipped with a quill to be used in Tilling drawing and ruling pens. 2. 3. PASTED COLORED PAPERS The problem of putting color on a graphic chart is further simplified by the use of colored paper. 1. Plain colored paper may be pasted on with rubber cement. Colored paper wi…

They may be classified into the following types: 1. velvet -- for erasing pencil 2. sandpaper -- for erasing typewriter type 3. scrubbing -- for erasing smudges, charcoal, pencil, etc. 4. roll-off -- for cleaning up drawings 5. kneading erasers -- for cleaning pencil, etc., from walls 6. ink erasers and ink eradicators 7. erasing machines Sources : Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City,…

SUGGESTIONS FOR MAKING A CHART A good waterproof permanent ink is essential. Colored inks such as red and green are often standard equipment in an office. These may be used to color graphic charts and maps. See 371. If there is a choice of colored inks, the following order of choice is recommended: 1. black 2. carmine red or scarlet 3. green 4. blue 5. yellow 6. brown 7. orange KeufTr…

the guide. Steel needles regulate the flow of ink and prevent the points from becoming clogged with ink. 2. The under side of the guide is grooved so that ink will not be smeared when the guide is moved from one character to another. The guide is placed directly over the portion of the paper on which the lettering is to be done. Thro. Altcnrdrr Qi Sont. Philadelphia, Pa. B. Ruling Pen of the…

Another method of lettering a chart is to secure cut-out letters and (inures and then to put them on the chart. The letters come in a variety of styles and sizes and may be secured cither with a gummed back or a back wliich adheres to any clean smooth surface and which requires no water. The latter are both removable and reusable. 2. The letters "OSNX" are K^in^i^^<l-t'3<^l< a"d come in sizes…

A downward pressure on the lever gives the impression. Ink is spread on the ink table, which may be removed for cleaning. From 600 to 2000 sheets may be run through per hour. 2. These small presses are available in a number of sizes. Pica-- No. 1 (10) This is a sample of writing with No. 1 Pica type, the style most used for general correspondence. 123456789 10 Elite No. 6 (12 or 10 Specia…

3. A large variety of type styles are available on typewriters today. A new machine makes it possible to use several styles of type on the same typewriter. See 379. SUGGESTIONS FOR MAKING A CHART OROrrH Of Trg ILfCTHIC LIOUT AHP rOfIR HCDUSTBT -- 190? TO 19^ y^wi or vuHT ahh ijuipmimt la MlUloQ. of Dollar. XliL 1937. . 1932. . 1927. . 1922. . 1917... 1912. . . 1907. . . 1902. . . Mi…

SCALE .7 Two Bar Charfs Made on a Typewriter. 1. For the employee in a business office, lacking the tools and the skill in drawing and lettering of a draftsman, the typewriter offers an opportunity for quick and easy preparation of graphic presentation of data through charts and diagrams. It solves the problem of lettering and asures that vertical and horizontal lines will be at right angles…

Indicate the division of the circle into its parts by a protractor and draw the dividing lines in ink. 3. Type in the names of the sectors. 4. With the compass set as it was to draw the original circle, draw another circle exactly like it on a sheet of thin typewriter second paper. By running the sharp point of the compass around the circle several times on the thin paper, the circle will dro…

make the "all over" pattern for that sector, allowing the rows to extend beyond the edge of the sector a few spaces. The excess typing will fall on the second sheets and a very sharp edge of the pattern will appear on the copy. Adjust the strips of paper each time to expose one sector and fill in each sector, running the pattern carefully around the lettering. 8. It takes as long to describe …

The above was typed on the Vari-Typer. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION GRAPHIC GRAPHIC GRAPHIC GRAPHIC GRAPHIC GRAPHIC RAfHllG MiPiHin© Martin J Weber, New York City. Photographic Method of Securing Various Types of Lettering Effects. 1. All the above letter eFfects were made photo-mechanically by a special device on a camera from the same original line. The original is the top line of the left …

Generally, black represents the unfavorable and white the favorable. Since the question is one of interpretation, the decision should be made relative to the particular problem. Chapter 45 STANDARDS FOR TIME SERIES CHARTS o n the following pages are abstracts from Time Series Charts. A Manual of Design and Construction, 1938, prepared by the Committee on Standards for Graphic Presentation und…

Richardson as Chairman, prepared the report Time Series Charts. It is a subcommittee of the Committee on Standards for Graphic Presentation. Within the next year, it is expected there will be a report by the subcommittee on Engineering and Scientific Graphs, of which W. A. Shewhart is Chairman. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION DESIGNATION OF CHART COMPONENTS GENERAL NOTE REFERENCE SYMBOL HORIZONTAL …

In the matter of influencing the behavior of the curve, the two are of equal importance. The proper construction of a grid involves more than simply covering a convenient space with cross rulings. As in the matter of general layout, the nature of the doto ond purpose of the presentation must be considered. A grid unsuifed to the doto moy be not only lacking in effectiveness but may actually …

Horizontal rulings should be so drawn as to meet the requirements of their two-fold purpose: To assist in reading values on the vertical scale and to provide a series of horizontal bases of comparison 2. The number of horizontol rulings should vary according to the closeness with which it is desired to read values of the vertical scale. Rulings should not be so frequent as to imply a greater ac…

Short Long Short Long Short Long 1.0 1.4 3.0 4.2 5.0 7. 1 7.0 9.9 9.0 12.7 1. 1 1.6 3.1 4.4 5. 1 7.2 7. 1 10.0 9. 1 12.9 1.2 1.7 3.2 4.5 5.2 7.4 7,2 10.2 9.2 13.0 1.3 1.8 3.3 4.7 5.3 7.5 7.3 10.3 9.3 13.2 1.4 2.0 3.4 4.8 5.4 7.6 7.4 10.5 9.4 13.3 1.5 2.1 3.5 4.9 5.5 7.8 7.5 10.6 9.5 13.4 1.6 2.3 3.6 5.1 5.6 7.9 7.6 10.8 9.6 13.5 1.7 2.4…

6.5 9.2 8.5 12.0 10.5 14.8 2.6 3.7 4.6 6.5 6.6 9.3 8.6 12.2 10.6 15.0 2.7 3.8 4.7 6.7 6.7 9.5 8.7 12.3 10.7 15. i 2.8 4,0 4.8 6.8 6.8 9.6 8.8 12.4 10.8 15.3 2.9 4.1 4,9 6.9 6.9 9.8 8.9 12.6 iO.9 15.4 In preparing a chart to be of root-two p ropo rt ons select one of the pairs of dimensions Indicated above fc r a bordering rectangle and fit the material …

The ratio of 1 (short side) to 1.414 (long side) is particularly appropriate for correspondence size sheets (nominally 81/2" X 11"). Note: A rectanflle of this proportion is Icnown as a "root-two" or "hypotenuse" rectangle, the long side of which is equal to the diagonal of a square constructed on the short side. This rectangle possesses the unique characteristic that when divided in half widt…

^,1-- ^ ^^ _-- --■ "^ 0^ --^ 1 GRAPHIC PRESENTATION RELATION OF TIME SCALE TO AMOUNT SCALE 1. The relofion between the time scale and the amount scale has a determining influence on the movement of time-series curves. Note: The movement of o curve ij here understood to meon the o'opf^ic effect of the progressive chonges in the quantity considered The trend is the graphic effect of the …

Departure from this rule should never be made except where there is a special reason for so doing. Procedures 1. WHEN NECESSARY. The zero line or other base of comparison should never be omitted when the interest is in relative amount of change between points on the same curve. 2. WHEN NOT NECESSARY. When the interest of the reader is in the absolute amount of change rather than in the rela…

(a) A wavy line across the bottom of the grid, (bl A straight line waved at each end. STANDARDS FOR TIME SERIES CHARTS RANGE AND SPACING OF AMOUNT SCALE Principl*! 1. Since the omount scole has a controlling effect on the movement oi the curves it is highly important that a scale be selected which will result in a true picture of the facts. 2. The amount scale should be divided in a manner…

Noie Eoendino 't<e scole range reduces the fluciuotion and separation of Curves When this is desirable it mov be belter accomplished by reducing the Koie dimensions i( the resulting chorl con still be made ol the desired proportions. 3. "FREAK" VALUES. Where a series contains a few widely divergent points lunless they ore really significant) it is often better not to attempt to select a scale…

Although the amount scale should generally be continuous, it is sometimes permissible to omit on intermediate portion 111 when the curves on the grid ore widely seporoted and it is desired to compare them more closely, or (2| to magnify the fluctuations of the different curves which may be widely separated on the amount scale. 6. INDICATING BROKEN SCALE. When there is any break in the amount …

Idl When the horizontal rulings are dose together. 2. AT RIGHT SIDE OF GRID ONLY: lal When interest is definitely centered of the right, (bl When a noturol reading of the chart requires reading the curve before the scale. Noie The theory of plocing 'he scole oi the right is ihoi o oerson will normolly read the chort trom let' to right (thoi is. from the curve to the scole ro'her thon (rcn '…

A scale caption should always accompany the amounl-scole numerals unless the character of the scale units is otherwise indicated. 2. Amount-scale captions should be located where they will most effectively mdicate the units of value. TONS I. I.. CopMon above numerali Caption at the tide »io RANGE AND SPACING OF TIME SCALE 1. The time scale should correspond to the characteristics of …

|a| Point data should be plotted on such point-of-time rulings, lb) Period data should be plotted midway between point-of-time rulings. 2. IN ACTUAL PRACTICE, however, this principle may often be disregarded in showing period data. 1 1 1 -►OiNT 0*TA* 1 |isr or c*o« MOfrral ^ ^ ^ y 1 -«•«« 0«T»- {I |fO« MONTMJ KOTCOJI JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN Point doto on verticals. Period doto midway…

the chart in balancing the weight ol the composition. 2. SOMETIMES AT TOP AND BOHOM-- (al When the grid is unusually high. (bl When the vertical rulings are so numerous as to cause difficulty in following them to the scole at the bottpm. Icl When a considerable portion of the curve lies near the top of the grid. 3. AT TOP ONLY, IN SPECIAL CASES-- la) When it is desired to emphasize the time…

1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 Arrongemenl for quarters Principle I. Time-scale designations should be so arranged as to focilitote the reading of time values lor all plotted points on the curves. Procedures 1. DESIGNATION FOR EACH RULING. A time designation should normally accompany each vertical ruling. 2. OMISSION OF DESIGNATIONS. When vertical rulings ore so numerous that designations …

Major divisions should be indicated by captions placed under the minor designations to which they apply. Note: Dropping secondory designations As a means of retaining horizontal reading, designations for minor time divisions con often be dropped entirely where interest lies in the general trend rather than in specific points on the curve, eg, for time series plotted weekly it is often sotisfac…

JAN ^ r(B 0 t^AII 0 API! 0 UAV 0 .lUN 0 GRAPHIC PRESENTATION ABBREVIATION OF TIME-SCALE DESIGNATIONS SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT Abbreviations for days of the week JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Abbreviations for months of the year I I I I I I Principles 1. It is desirable to abbreviate time designations whenever the complete designations v^ould be too crowded or requir…

Note: If it is importoni to retain horizontal reodino but sufTicient space lor stondord obbreviolion is not ovoiloble, the initio! letters of the month con sometimes be used: JfMAMJJASOND. This form is not recommended for generol use. Another oliernolive sometimes used to retain horizontal reading is to indicate months by numerals: I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12. This is not oeneroMy recommended …

Noi*^ Proctlcet rec6mm«nd*d In Ihli tecllon apply primarily to lolld lin* curvai. Principlet 1. Corves should be sufficiently heavy to attract immediate attention and to impress a visual image on the mind of the reader. 2. In general, time-series curves should be heavier than is the practice in the case of engineering and scientific charts. Procedures 1. RELATION TO WEIGHT OF RULINGS. Curv…

The weight of curves should vary according to the use -- from relatively heavy lines in charts for popular appeal to very light lines in charts used for close reading of values. 7. VARIATION OF WEIGHTS on the same chart: la) To distinguish one curve from another. (b) To indicate the relotive importance of curves. 8. OVERLAPPING CURVES. The more curves intersect or overlap on the same grid,…

> C rit i * fifffe of Papt I I I I I WHEAT CORN OATS BARLEY ALL OTHER Arrongement of identifying coplions TITU arKING(Mi)COMPAKCD WITH PALL(^a) TITLE ^■WMCAT C3CO*N aBOATS CmSAKLIT ^AU. OTMtM _J _ ^ ^ _ Suggested arrangement when obove grid KEYS Definition; A key In the case of a curve chort I] o device for identifying curves by means of labeled "samples" of the curves pl…

Scales and keys should be located in respect to each other so as not to interfere with the easy interpretation of the curves. 2. KEY OUTSIDE GRID. If the key is placed outside the grid, it may be either above or below, the choice depending upon which location permits easier reading in conjunction with the curves. When placed above the grid, it is often feosible to incorporate the key in the …

It is permissible to enlarge the curve segments slightly to identify the design more easily. The curve segments should be of sufficient length to show at least one complete unit of the design. 6. USE OF COLOR. Where color is used for curves it is effective to letter the curve designations in the same colors. The arrow and designation •'EdKc of Paper" have been added to the original in order t…

-■v/p /v/'- f \ \ / s / % Relation of elements of curve design to plotted points irriES 1. The main title should undertake to give the reader a quick understanding of what the chart is about. 2. Titles should be so worded as to be readily understood and so executed as to be pleasing to the eye. 3. Material serving to complete or supplement the main title should be placed in a sub-tit…

^ / -- r s / • TIM( Actual figures for points of speclol Interest Note: In chart prepcrotion It must be borr>e in mind that many people ot% noi fully "grophic minded" end would prefer the focts in tobular form. Moreover, there ore many occasions when supplementary figures will improve the value of o chart for everyone; and often the effectiveness of the presentation itself can be enhan…

A common method of including supporting data is to place the figures in the form of a table above or below the grid opposite the vertical rulings, reading upward as shown in the chart at the top of the page. This method has the advantage of closely relating figures to the plotted points. TABULAR INSERTS. Supplementary or supporting data can often be shown as a tabular insert placed within th…

In coses where such values ore included directly on the curves, the principles outlined under "Curve Designations," pages 52 and 53, should be observed. 5. A Grid with frequent horizontal rulings may often make the reading of amounts sufficiently precise to obviate the need for actual data. The arrow and designation "Edge of Paper" have been added to the original in order to indicate that the…

Imported miniature cameras like A and C above, of high quality, have interchangeable lenses and attachments covering the whole photographic field -- if expertly handled. American miniatures are cheaper but only the Perfex 44, B above, approaches the Europeans in quality and flexibility. For contact prints cameras of the Speed Graphic or Linhof type, D and F below, are widely used by reporter…

All colors e«- (epting blue ore Tillered oui and Ihis blue light posst-s on lo opusu a pluio ICI. thus (orming the blue record The light romommg ofter passing through the Tirst mirror is ogain reflecti-d bv tie second minor 101 lo the red filler (El, thence lo the plata IFI, to form the 'red record ' Tho residual light posses lo the rear of Iho comervi. iind through tiie ore» n hlter iGi lo…

tion at the New York World's Fair, 1939, shows Kodaclirome 35mm. film l" x 1^4" projected to 17' x 22' with perfect color rendering, clear definition, no grain, and a remarkable three dimensional effect. It is obtainable in 35mm. rolls and several sizes of cut film. Development at the Eastman plant in Rochester, New York, is included in the price. "Dufay color film, in both roll and cut film t…

It is easy to see why the price increases with the speed. 2. The illustration does not indicate the greater size of a fast lens, but it does suggest the added weight. Eastman Kodak Co., Rocheiter. N. Y. The lens is the camera. In choosing a lens, sharp definition and good color correction are important. High speed is of value for only a few special uses. A set of lenses with different focal…

6 -- S«fivcl caatorv. G Grniicrt. New York. N Y. A. Portable Darkroom. USING a variety of photographic techniques will add interest to a record or report. Photomontage, as seen in 401 A, effectively presents much information in a small space by combining several negatives or parts of negatives in one print. Photomosaic is somewhat similar but combines several prints or portions of prin…

This method is valuable in reproducing charts in which the lines are too fine as originally drawn. LARGE collections of charts, maps, plans, etc., may be photographed on 35mm. film in either black and white or full color and stored in a small space. All government census records are being reduced to this form. Rare and valuable original documents, prints, maps, etc., in private or publi…

The method of using three photographs as in A is one that can be applied anywhere 2. Though the Civic Center Buildings were mostly completed, an oblique aerial photomajestic buildings so well as the perspective drawing looking upward rather than Kf: '^'■■:f^i'i^. THE CAMERA AND ITS USE Will.ird C Bnriton ContullmR EiiKinrrr Showing Buildings Blotting Out the Civic Center When Viewed fronn Sit…

This is a somewhat different technique from that shown in 402A and 402B. 2. The possibility of exaggeration is always present in the use of this and similar techniques. REFERENCES Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N. Y. How to Make Good Pictures. Clear and concise. Morgan and Lester, The Leica Manual. Wide technical and scientific field. Scacheri, Mario and Mabel, The Fun of Photography. The best…

Several of the less expensive models give good results with audiences up to two hundred while the 750-watt Leica and Spencer machines are effective for two thousand. The Spencer is equipped to handle all sizes of slides. ^ . , Li ghtness and convenience is pushing the 2" X 2" slide ahead of the 3i>4"x4" D. Spencer Auditorium Color Slide Delineascope -- 750 Watts. Equipped to use any sue…

Glass-covered slides are mounted B. 800 Foot Con+inuous Projection nnent for Film. Attach- 1 6 mm. t .It I i( II 1 w <,■ I / r 1 1 I <■ c tors . itli. I \<. i!h or witliiiut With sound runs 22 niin. without I cpt'.itin^; Sil>nt pKSMitat ii-'n l.')sts J,i mjn. Bell & Howrll, ChicaKO. Ill with tape or metal bindings. Projectors similar to the Selectroslide in A above require a glass…

Eighteen Kodachrome films in Ready-Mounts 2" x 2" cost $2.2 5, about 14 cents each if there are no failures. Glass-covered black and white slides of the same size may be made for about the same price. Some other types and larger sizes are higher. It is as easy now to use color as black and white, but the slides are not so durable. Heat and concentrated light affect color, especially the yellow…

B. Key to Letfering for Lantern Slides. Valuable slides may be damaged if left on the screen too long. The Lynhoff Laboratories, Rochester, N. Y., makes a heat-reflecting glass, either clear or diffusing, which may be placed between the slide and the light source in the projector. As a further precaution, irreplaceable slides may be copied in full color at no great expense and with sati…

Directions on the right of the illustration refer to the dimensions of the original drawing. Line Width of Letters Approx. Desig- Width, nation Sample Line inches W-1 iV-2 W-2 0.025 0.017 0.017 '^. / 'W \, Ov^^ \v .:^ /M^;^; ^ j^ritr^ ^ Potiiion of Slide Number Lib«l (Thumb Spot) Gnd Rulintt Break at Labels and Symbols Oosed Symbols for Observed Points Same Source as …

Publication by this film method is also coming into use for research material which does not require a large edition. The economy and convenience of this can easily be seen. The use of Microcolor film by Bibliofilm Service adds to the scope and value of research extract copying, since colored specimens and objects as well as illustrations may be reproduced and used either for individual reading …

Choice of the form in which material will be best presented, while an important step, is not always the first or last step. The following chapters will show Bausch 6t Lomb Optical Co., Rochester, N. Y. A Reducing Glass. 1. The diameter of this glass is three inches. It will reduce in the ratio of about two to one. The reducing glass is made with a double concave lens of white ophthalmic gla…

some of the problems involved in the actual presentation of the chart. When presenting material in a pamphlet or book, it is possible and sometimes a good policy to use only graphic charts. Illustrations of other types may be included and many times should be included. The choice of illustrations will depend upon a number of factors. The material to be presented will be the most important cr…

A diagonal line drawn from corner to opposite corner will be the diagonal of a larger or smaller illustration made from that copy. Use a tissue overlay paper for drawing the diagonal. A slide rule is also a useful device to determine the reduction of a photograph or drawing. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION A photograph which is to be printed or reproduced should never be rolled. If it is absolutely n…

A rotogravure illustration when looked at through a small magnifying glass appears as many small squares, less clearly than a halftone. Right Way to Make Crop Marks. Put crop marks in the margin of a photograph or drawing. If you MUST mark the copy, use a China marking pencil for this purpose. The reason for this is simple:-- crop marks drawn on the photograph oblige the engraver to make the p…

Line engraving not suited unless tones are solid, showing no gradation. Halftone is uniuited. as it "breaks up" the solid black lines and areas. CklMMKNTS If technique is bold, coanc screen can be used. If later to be duplicated by electro, stereo, or mat. specify when the original plate is made. Dry Brush. .Vir Brush. Wash Drawing. Walrr Color or Oil P.ainting to reproduce in Black-…

Line engraving will not reproduce tone values. Where lines and tone etlects (as in meMOlint) :ire fine, use a fine-xrreen nipper halflone. Halflone: Coarse screens for rough papers: fine screens on copper for smooth papers. Two-, three-, four-, five-, etc., color process, dejiending upon ttature of copy and fineness of work required. line engraviiif^i for caih of the 2. J. or more co…

Use coarse ■ screen halftone only if to be used on nesvsprint or rough paper. Line engraving will produce tones Line engraving will not reproiluce tones. If photograph shows only solid areas of black-andwhite, or lines and no tones, a line engraving may be used. Color process plates mav be used in < on junction with additional flat tints for special effects. Halftones unsuited, as they…

letters were wood-cut type carved into pictorial wood-cut blocks in explanation of the picture. Its wide use and the ease with which it is cut have made linoleum one of the best known and best liked materials in the reproduction of decorative designs, silhouettes, and the simpler illustrations. 2. In a great many printing plants, linoleum blocks, which are supplanting wood, are cut for tint b…

Photo-Eneraver* Board of Trade. New York City. Halftone Screen Tints. There were eight halftone screen tints in each of these series, but only every other one is reproduced here. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION 1 Vz V4 1 Vz 'A 1 % V4 The "1" indicates a full color value. "'/a" a half screen and "54" * quarter screen. Those colors that are checked (r ) are the ones used generally in this book. Becau…

However, because the areas for color tints usually are irregular in shape and require more skill in applying them, the cost of color tinting may be greater than the cost of the halftones. One definite problem arose regarding the use of the color "green." As shown opposite, green may be secured from a combination of full yellow and full blue. If this "combination" green were used, both blue a…

Perhaps in the future, they may also be made with a finer screen. Film is made for light or dark background. 2. A modification of the transparent film is also available in the form of illustration board, which when treated with a chemical solution brings out the shadings in the desired sections. A screen as fine as 80-line may be secured in this form. This may be secured from The Craftint Man…

Courtesy of Ben Day. Inc., New York. B. Ben Day Shading Films. 1. The Ben Day process is used to make crosshatchings and shadings on charts, maps, and pictures. The shading medium consists of a transparent film stretched taut upon a wood frame. This film bears a design in relief on the outer side. The work is done on the drawing, on the negative, or directly on the plate before it is etched …

See 419 and 422 for other methods of securing shadings. PREPARATION OF ILLUSTRATIONS Photoengraving and Electrotyping by Otto Kleppner Si-n i>K Arioss Ciiirr \\n K>ixm.v. Ciiirr l.iMir»ri<.vN CtlMMrST . Halllont St-rrenf 50. 35. hO. 65. 1 IVint* no nv»< iLnk nn r»>l«<l |»»»~« Kill \ «>nly '!»• *»'> .onr««.l •vrMn* .an U .~.l |u. <r....k> hn |«K««I Iwpar B Tka (in.. Ik. -.^.n r,.l.n(…

.' i'mn U ina.l« .lui. kl. kUrk bne. or maaava. ara.ini Wm TK ". I an fc. u..nl«l .m an, itadr i.ap.1 iif^i H Cannat r.|i.,«J>..^ pkuloftaiA- II Make UJd .«»cl. .n irl IJa. k uuaaibtr . , , ,.d.d r^l.,ln» in ua. <lo.< not l.nn> .a>k <ira>>n(. ... nainlmc III U.ualK ol l.n. . U-k.n m.n>il. .kuH f (Also KIUXMI a> knra 1... .k-- l...rlkrr '" '« •••'■I- t^<' " ""a-l. "n .^tpr.. ■'LineCul"> ; ItFV…

.IS Sno»n III paltt'rn •, t.uall> l..> .>p.nuv. in »•. ikan kan.l .^wirw pap.r> ' qaanlly rcMuirrd fiir Ik. qy<-l a.l.aaia l„„,L , .Ira.n au.l.n< ».»li *'"•• "•<• nf Brn lla. Srmn inrnm ol Ben l>a. linl ihouM Iw arW.-lr.f nilk »amr Ikougkl of pa|iar a».l p..aawo.fc a* fn. kalflnn.a (•f\t i \0 ItFV r^4\' |«..p.n...r (■•rni of .itk*r r.iM-oduction LimiUlioaa aimilar to Ihoaa of abov* I I. Oriai…

The copper wax mold is the least expensive of the three. 3. Stereotypes are plates made by pouring melted type metal into a paper mold called a "mat." Wotman illustration board is available at almost any art supply house in the following four surfaces: 1. Hot-pressed -- pen and ink drawings, water colors, and pastelles. 2. Cold-pressed -- water colors and pastelles. Pen and ink may be used,…

Chicago Cardboard Company, Chicago, Illinois, manufactures a colored art poster board calendered so that both lettering and printing may be done on it. REFERENCES Wallace, C. E., Commercial Art, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York City, 2nd edition, 1939. U. 8. Drpartnicnt of Afirirulturr, Bureau of Agricultural Economic*. A Series of Density Distinctions. 1. These cross -hatchings were m…

The Primary Colors as Used and Described by Early Ariists. Color study was based on human vision alone until Newton made the first physical analysis of liRht about 1672. B. The Primary Frequencies of Vibration in the Radiant Energy Called Light. Young. 1773-1829; Hclmholtz, 1821-1894; Maxwell, 1831-1899. and Konig, 1832-1901, proved these three frequencies of light vibration can produce all li…

This reconcile* apparent contradictions in earlier theories and is now generally accepted. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION A. Maxwell Discs of Slit Paper or Cardboard. s the idea of the spectrum band of colors invaded the field of practical use, it was made into a circle by adding the purple hues between blue and red. for which there is no spectral wave length. Scientists and artists divided this cir…

Color Top. 1. Maxwell discs of slit paper or cardboard, for studying primary and other color relations, can be obtained with small color tops, and larger color wheels, from Milton Bradley Co. and the Abbott Educational Co., New York City. I. These discs arc easily made from water-color paper painted with tempera or show card colors. They should be slit from the edge to the center, so that t…

These diagrams illustrate the Munsell System of Color Notation, and are reproduced through the courtesy of the International Printing Ink Corporation from Three Monographs on Color, a publication of unusual interest and beauty. The countless hues, and their modifications, used in science, art. and industry required orderly arrangement, and some method of accurate identification. This need prod…

are clearly shown in this diagram. 2. R 4/14 indicates a brilliant, intense red, and G 8/13 a light, gray green. grttn A. The Hue Circuit. Wh,u Another version of these relationships is found in 42 7B. Bhck B. The Value Scale. Blu* grtm C. Chroma Steps. D. Correlation of Three Dimensions of Color. SCALE .8 International Printing Ink Corporation. New York City. "Color ia U*e" No. 3 o…

AD /CD IZ3 1456 I r These colors differ in hue. I I ^ I These colors differ in value. Grace Cornfll. "■Color." Carter's Ink Company, Boston. Mass.. 1934. A. Use of One Color with Black and White. The use of red for emphasis on a black and white page is effective because of brightness, intensity and high contrast combined with a wave length on which the eye can focus easily at about …

All color charts are good if used intelligently. ♦Published by American Photo-Engravers Association, Chicago, Illinois. t General Printing Ink Corporation, New York. t E. William Berg. 5510 Warwick Avenue. Chicago. Illinoit. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION The Allcolor Company, Inc., New York City. A. The Allcolor Cabinefs Containing Colored Papers of 362 Hues. Each paper shows its Munsell Notation nu…

Effective color schemes may be composed of black and white and another color, different values of one color, adjacent colors in the color circle, near complements rather than exact complements, a color and split complementaries -- that is the colors on each side of its complement in the color circle, triads or three colors equally distant in the color circle. REFERENCES Birren, Faber, Monum…

If the original is made by hand (pencil or ink), a special type of carbon paper should be purchased. Best results will be obtained by using a pencil with hard lead, or a manifold pen. Tracings in pencil or ink may be made by placing tracing paper over the copy. Thin paper can be used for small tracings, while for large ones a tracing cloth, which comes in a larger size than the paper, should…

From 50 to 100 copies may be made from one master copy. A turn of the handle brings a new gelatine surface. 3. The machine on the right is a jjortable that can easily be carried around if necessary. It will copy a sheet as large as 8',i by 14 inches. 430« flRAIHIg IRII ENTATION A. Arc Lamp. Today it is possible to secure a continuous blue printing, washing, developing, and drying machin…

The first method of exposure was by means of blue print frames placed in the sunlight. The next step in the development of the present machines was the use of a single arc lamp. Later a bank of arc lamps placed side by side was employed. Since the convenience of operation seemed to fit into the reproduction field, mercury vapor tubes were utilized. It was later found that such tubes did not c…

Printed or written documents, drawings, blue prints, records, maps, fabrics, small tools, machinery parts, etc., may be copied in a few minutes at the cost of a few cents. 3. In addition to copying at original size, enlargements or reductions may be made in any desired size. If enlargements required are larger than the maximum size sheet of the Photostat used, they may be made in sections and…

The original or master copy for this duplicator is made with a "spirit" hectograph carbon in such a way that a reverse or negative impression is made. This master copy is inserted in the drum. While proceeding through the machine the copy paper is moistened with a thin film of an alcoholic duplicating fluid. When this inserted copy paper is brought in contact with the negative impression of the…

Thus, ruled forms specially designed to suit current needs can be quickly and economically produced on the Mimeograph duplicator. 2. Triangle guides, beam compasses, and circle guides, manufactured especially for the preparation of Mimeograph stencils, are also available. A. B. Dirk Company, Chicago. Lithoprint Company of New York. Inc. B. Two Steps in the Lithoprint Process. The lithoprin…

However, the photographic method of transferring an image from the copy to the plate is usually used. The photographic film is placed in contact with a sensitized Multilith plate and the negative image is "burned into" the plate by exposure to light. REFERENCES Binkley, Robert C, Manual on Methods of Reproducing Research Materials, Edwards Brothers, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1936. Colton Pre…

In setting type by hand, individual letters of type are picked from a job case and placed into a composing stick in which they are arranged and spaced as desired. Each line is removed as it is set and placed on a flat tray called a galley. When the page is complete, corrected, etc., it is locked up for the printing press. Simple corrections are made by removing the letter or whatever is in erro…

In offset lithography, the design is printed upon a rubber blanket which in turn transmits the design to the paper. Practically all lithography is now of the offset type. While both coated and uncoated papers are being successfully used for lithographing purposes, the latter is chiefly used. Blanket resiliency makes it possible to secure excellent results in halftones on uncoated (rough) stock.…

The individual matrices are assembled in the desired order for each line of the material, and a type-high metal slug with the letters in relief is cast in one piece from these matrices. 3. Another typesetting machine which operates on the same principle as the intertype is the linotype. 4. Corrections in linotype and intertype matter are made by resetting the complete line in which an error …

As a result, the ink is lifted out of the recesses thereby a**"*^. Lantton Monotype Machine Co.. Philadelphia. Pennsylvania. Type Set by the Monotype Machine. 1. The third kind of typesetting machine is the monotype. It casts and assembles individual letters automatically. As soon as each letter is cast, it is moved into the proper place in the line of type. When the line is completed, it is …

A substantial percentage, possibly twothirds, of the gravure printing being done today is done at newspaper speed on both sides of the sheet and folded on the press ready for delivery. Ttx HoaMrV TjrpMctllnt MmMik mU tyitt in >ll mMauraa up to M piru in ill •!••• Irnm 4 to I* point. Strattkl »*tt«r. tabular and int/irat« work, rulad form*. rui« and ficurc work -- in fact, all kind* o/ typowttin…

No. 21 Series Monotype Versatility Is Known By Every Printer Using Monotype machines for composing room needs and supplies 10 Point Binny Old Style. No. 21 Series The Monotype Unit System Makes It Possible to fit copy accurately to the space to be occupied 12 Point Binny Old Style, No. 21 Series Type-&-Rule Caster Supplies Your Needs 14 Point Binny Old Style, No. 21 Series Cut Mounting Ba…

Production Yearbook. Volumes 3. 4. and 5. 1937. 1938. 1939. Hackelman. Charles W.. Commercial Enf^raving and Printing. Commercial Engraving Publishing Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1924. University of Chicago Press. A Manual of Style, Chicago, Illinois, 10th edition-- 1937. Cvnlurr OldttTl»6l 16 poinl 6 to 3A poink PACK MY BOX WITH FIVEj Pack my box with five doz|1234 Go»»..c No 5A4-26J…

Abstracts from Time Series Charts. A Manual of Design and Construction, 1938, prepared by Committee on Standards for Graphic Presentation, under procedure of American Standards Association, with The American Society of Mechanical Engineers as sfKDnsor body. LETTER SIZES Elite Type - 12 characters per inch Pica Type - 10 characters per SMALL GOTHIC - 9 CHARACTER LARGE GOTHIC - 9 CHARACTER …

Reduced to two-thirds of original size Courtesy of The Rrgfrntriner Corporation. Chica(o. Illinoit A. Relief Printing -- Halftone Cross Section. In relief or letterpress printing, the image to be printed is above the surface. The raised portions of the plate represent the image to be printed; they are inked by the rollers and give off the ink by contact with paper. The illustration to th…

Do not attempt to make a correction by writing over the print or between the lines. Errors marked in this way are in danger of being overlooked and are generally illegible. Proofs read by authors or department readers should be marked to conform to the style as illustrated at the right. 9 Period. i CommA. - Hyphen. Colon. Semicolon. Apostrophe. <^W^ Quotations. Id Em quadra…

AFTER the method of copying or printing has been decided I upon, paper suitable to the process chosen should be selected. In some cases a preference for a certain type of paper may be a determining factor in the selection of the copying or printing method. However, the usual procedure is to decide upon a method of reproduction and then to select the paper. For that reason, this chapter on Sel…

Paper with a minimum gloss and reflectance of light is a factor for easy reading. When using the letterpress process, however, a high finish or levelness of surface is vital to the sharp reproduction of cuts. English Finish and semi-dull Coated papers give the maximum of reproduction without objectionable reflectance. For the lithographic process high finish is not necessary, but again, tends …

In general, paper is ordered with the grain running the length of the sheets for all purposes. In the folder, booklet, or bound book the grain should run parallel to the fold or binding. This gives a smoother folded edge and the pages, being more flexible, lie flatter. B. F Perkins 6t Son, Inc., Holyoke, Mati. Perkins Pressure Bulker to Measure the Bulk of Sheets of Paper. 1. The diameter of…

On the other hand, mechanical pulp is merely the crushing of wood into pulp with nothing eliminated. These fibers deteriorate in strength and color just as wood does under exposure. Mechanical pulp is used only in the cheapest grades of Book paper, which are classified as Groundwood papers whether they contained a large amount, as in news paper, or a small amount. All Book papers free from Gr…

waste from 38x50 when run 4, 8, or 16 up waste from 32x44 (64 pages out) when run 4, 8, 16, waste from 35x45 (64 pages out) when run 4, 8, 16, waste from 25x38 (32 pages out) when run 4, 8, or 16 waste from 32x44 (32 pages out) when run 4, 8, or waste from 35x45 (32 pages out) when run 4, 8, or waste from 25x38 (16 pages out) when run 4 or 8 up Guide In Determining Size of Sheet to Use to S…

As a result, the majority of Book paper today is made from chemical wood pulp. Rag fibers are still used in the highest grades for certain characteristics, although it has been demonstrated that by using the best chemical wood pulp such paper has much of the characteristics and permanency of rag paper. No matter what the material used, paper cannot be permanent in color and strength unless c…

Both of the above papers are finished on the paper machine, but Supercalendered paper is polished after being made, giving a higher shine to the surface for sharper reproduction of the details in the cuts when desired. However, the polishing of Uncoated paper has some effect on color, hence Supercalendered papers are not so bright in color as Machine Finish or English Finish and are also som…

Coated paper is produced by the application to a special paper of a considerable amount of coating material, which is then polished. This coating material is generally composed of clay, casein, and other materials which will impart brightness or color to the final sheet. Either a high glossy finish or a semi-dull finish may be secured, depending upon the composition of the coating material us…

Book paper is the weight of one ream, size 25x38 inches. Note the headings of the columns above. Writing paper, known as Bond paper, is figured on a basis of one ream (500 sheets), size 17x22. In using this table, it should be remembered that the figures refer to pages, not leaves or sheets. One leaf or sheet represents two pages. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION paper is called Folding Coated. Also Coa…

The final appearance of the finished job should be determined by the making of a dummy to demonstrate bulk, opacity, color, strength, etc. Paper sold under the manufacturer's brand implies full value, uniformity, and availability. A more detailed explanation of the factors in selection of paper may be found in booklets published by various paper companies: S. D. Warren Company , Boston, Mass…

Whether the binding job is large or small, the following specifications should be given to the binder: BINDING SPECIFICATIONS Title Headbands Quantity Cloth No. Pages Leather Plates: Boards Single Tips Stamping To Jacket Tissues Maps Wraps Whipstitch^ Boxes Reinforce \ "- " Deliver to Tapes When Required Linings Charge to Trimmed Size Special Instructions Edges Round and Back ■ G…

The strength and durability of the binding depend largely upon the tearing strength of this paper. Other means of reinforcing are "turned ends," "muslin guards," and "cloth joints." To secure "turned ends," the end papers are cut about half inch larger in width than usual to allow a quarter of an inch stub. These stubs are placed around the first and last signatures and then pasted down. In …

The threads pass through the first and last signatures as well as the muslin, preventing the threads from cutting through the paper. "Cloth joints" are obtained by cutting the end paper in two and joining it with a strip of harmonizing book cloth. 4. Covers. The front and back of a cover (or cases) are made of two pieces of binders boards. A strip of manila or bogus forms the backbone. Thes…

1 B r a a a a • s s c a • c s A. Printed Imposition Showing the Position of the Numbered Pages. 1. The first step in binding is to fold the sheets that come from the printer. Because folding techniques vary with the binders, before the printing plates are made or planned, an imposition showing the position of the pages on one sheet of paper should be secured from the binder. 2. B…

The numbering of the pages when folded is not necessarily in 1-2-3 order. The binder, therefore, should be the one to do the numbering. PROBLEMS IN THE CREATION OF THIS BOOK Ai thi* hooh may hr rrviKd, any tugBrttioni from thr rradrr friativr to (iOMlhtlill«« for im|>rovrmml. rtthrr in make-up or rontrr«t, arr invited. The aim of this hook was to srciirr the Kreateit potsihie numhcr of illuit…

By printing color on one side of each of these 16 sheets, there would be two pages of color alternating with two pages of black print. In order to have more than one color on several color forms. 24 colorplates were distributed throughout 16 forms. One form, the color form of the 14th sheet (pages 417 to 448) has all four colors. The color form of the 3rd sheet (pages 65 to 96) has three color…

Domino Black Litho Ink. The ink for the end paper was Fuchs fls Lang Offset Brown #60 Litho Ink. The paper was furnished by Mead Sales Company, New York City. It is Moist rite Offset 70 #. The paper for the end papers is Weycroft Ivory 100 #, manufactured by W. C. Hamilton dt Sons, Miquon, Pennsylvania. The illustration for the end papers was redrawn from a photostat of the original, measuri…

The color lines at the top and bottom of the pages were designed to differentiate the various chapters and to suggest possible borders for use by anyone reading this book. The effect of shading on the borders was secured on pages 34, 35, 42, 43, 92, and 93 and several others, by using Transograph Shading Film DT-60, manufactured by Transograph Corporation, 30 West 15th Street, New York City. Tr…

|l' illli ■■■■' illli 'U Chapter 54 From Lfttcrhrad of Shnrp AilvrilisiiiK ARrncy. Srattle. Wash. GRAPHIC CHARTS IN ADVERTISING l^ince graphic charts present an idea clearly and concisely, their use in advertising should be encouraged. The utility of graphic charts in advertising is clearly demonstrated in this chapter. REFERENCES Carlyle. Paul, and Guy Oring. Layouts and Letterheads, Mc-…

Bl niwvlN*TU |S« you«ndono br«r».»h*n wni Ihnk of h>t«n( u--. ~ c.|»»ding. lK.n con-* Moorcs 6 Dunford 744 Finl National bulk CKicago.Ill. Moorcs & DunforH. ChicaRO, III. SCALE .3 B. A Proportion Connparison. Since the figures in each individual case would differ, these bars have no scale, but their heights indicate the comparison. The ratio is about 19 to 7. Ill Illli Illli l|||l III …

A Guide Map. Note that just enough points of interest are given on this map to locate the hotel SCALE .6 GRAPHIC CHARTS IN ADVERTISING Any lO-Year Old Locomotive is inadequate WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO HORSE POWE R 19 14 475 H. P. p«f drivinf •«!( 192 4 575 H. P. p«r drivinf txlc WHAT HAS HAPPFNED TO FUEL CONSUMPTION 19 3 4- OVER 1,000 H. P. p«r drivinj axU 19 14 6^ LBS. COAL p«r dr…

Chart B is our own chart based on exactly the same figures. Both arc correct as far as arithmetic is concerned. The only difference, but what a difference, is the vertical scale. If Chart A went down to zero at the bottom, as does Chart B, it would be sixty inches high, but the exaggerated scale makes good advertising copy. By the same process, even a payroll increase of .oopoi per cent could…

U/*^"^ <<■ ^=^^Cr^ r Dim's Rfvirw for May 1038 Two Charts Illustrating the Importance of a Zero Line. SCALE 5 III 'III' Hill Mill Hi Il" .III. "Ill" .III. "Il GRAPHIC CHARTS IN ADVERTISING LOOK TO TOUR SALES MILEAGE Tha topmott map npnaunit America at il }ooka when ttattt are drawn in proportion to butintu trantacfed. Mulual'i •//ectiV* covera0« cu«a (tbown ia bJack) twtlh doubJe in tarm…

47 sales-scientists in the past nine $1,180,722 in Mutual facilities nths have invested And Mutual expands at a touch. You may enlist as many, or as few, extra stations as you may require for sales emphasis or market extension. We shall be glad to tell you of resuIlM achieved by clients who have looked to Mutual for Males mileage . . . Costs? Mutual's comprehensive planning makes available t…

SCALE .6 III Mill iill, illli III GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Why Your Electric Light Bills Vary The Rruoci Wkr RmmWdIi^ Lifhtinc Bdli ar« Higher ia December Uutn in June People Ute EJectric Light Nearly Four and One Half Time* a* Long in December a* Tliey Do in June Thii chart divides the 24 hours of a day into three periods -- the period of ileep, the period of using Elcctnc Light and the peri…

6wth Terminol is not a building but a city of butldingi . Not ordinory loftt - but new types of (ndustnol buildings They may w«llb«call«dtndustrial oparimenl houses, for they provide economies ond conveniences for manufacturing or distributing merchandise thai ore OS carefully planned and executed as the economiesond convenien ces of your dwelling oportment house To tell all the story of …

THESE Wdl KNOWN nOOOCTS ore monufoctured or worehovied ot-- or distributed from Bush Tenninol ► cxMirms •nCNNUT COffff f sncn • tiur oirvis Mt MOMTI cofm Miaoiss kAnffus ncy cost, no obligotion. At but on Our own responticonduct o free Industriol Survey of your business. If our suggestions ore of volue. adopt them. if you wish tf not. discard them. wRiTCKMDcscarTnn liKtATUtf on M…

Bv cnrrjul rrarardi lhr> dLwttr the nmi for nrt tfUing poinu in thrir product. Thr> redniffi. fTr arr aiked /or nru and more altroctifr finiahn. A hntrr pmdurt rtnrrffa. And a SELLS -- tUs today! Of course buaineM ri|;ht now i« not all it mi(:ht be. But you thould aee the unall order* pourin|[ in here! They're Mmple», really . . . Kipeninent» . . . Progrnal There are good times and belter aal…

EVERYTHING that goes up has to come down. So airports are quite essentia! to the aviation industry. But if you think of an airport as a nice muddy field olTering a soft landing spot for airplanes, or even if you know what an airport really looks like, you ought to be interested in the accompanying chart. It shows the progress made on a baker's dozen of flying fields undertaken by municipali…

Are you, as a maker of equipment adapted to airports, missing any bets? Transcontinrntnl and Writtrn Air. Inc.. N. Y. C. SCALE .7 A Progress Chart. Seldom does one find a chart as complicated as this in an advertisement. This one was found in a technical journal. Ill l|||l lllh lllll III |l> .III. Mil' .ill. Ill GRAPHIC CHARTS IN ADVERTISING TME TREND TODAY IS TO GAS fF AjiJL FOR BROOD…

Bulletin boards are especially useful since material may be tacked up temporarily. Two manufacturers of bulletin board material are; Armstrong Cork Company, Inc., Lancaster. Pennsylvania. The Celotex Corporation, Chicago. Illinois. III i||l> illii illli ill Chapter 55 QUANTITATIVE CARTOONS raphic charts may be used effectively in cartoons. REFERENCES Briggs, How to Draw Cartoons, Harper …

vV- i ►(^ f«^ 7* -- "--' ^ -J ^ i 0, ^ i*^ ANinAGRAPH (ANIAVJXD GRAPH) SJ^X-.nSy .'LU LPFECTS <-F BUSINESS rLUCIUAnCNS. ^sS^w- Nation's Business, Cartoonist -- Charles Dunn. A. Ill Effects of Business Fluctuations. SCALE .6 ^ <^ %^ Rrdi.iwii From N<w Yoikrr. F.Ltii;iry iO. 19.M. Original by Kii hard Drrlcrr. B. The Universality of the Graphic Chart Language. QUANTITATIVE CARTO…

The Los Ansflfs Times -- Cartoonist -- Russell. A. Big and LiHie Business View With Alarm a New Species of Industrial Curve. PERPETUAL MOTION AT LAST GRAPHIC PRESENTATION ^ < QUANTITATIVE CARTOONS INJURY FRE.QUENCY AND SEVERITY RATES IN ALL INDUSTRIES noiSKr. ^«»^*•^oo Axes^p;;^ 19 2& I930 H3I American Mutual Liability Insurance Co. , Boaton . A. A Carfoon Showing the Importance of Ke…

Families in the UNITED STATES UNITED STATES TOTAL POPULATION FRANCE GERMANY TOTAL POPULATION I TOTAL POPULATION TOTAL POPUUTION American Iron and Strcl Inttitutr. N. Y. C. A Quantitative Poster Showing a Comparison of Car Ownership in 1937. Quantitative material may be presented in posters with great success. Although the quantitative presentation in this poster is not absolutely correct,…

Thus while the height of the 41% area in this building is correct in relation to the height of the 2 7% area, the volume of the first makes the proportion wrong. QUANTITATIVE POSTERS •r«n4 IU^Mb.M United Statn Gypaum Co., Chicago. III. A Home Made Bulletin Giving a Connparison of the Accident Rates in Eighteen Mills in 1924. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION IF an accident occurs while your car is tra…

The Use of a Broken Dollar in a Poster to Indicate the Portion of the Dollar Which Was Diverted fronn Highway Taxes in 1937. HOW NEW VORK CITY U5ES ITS LAND BROOKLYN QUEENS \nOlilfeSIDeMTiML (iREATER NLW YORK RICHMOND \lttSIDlHTIPL ["|,|i ; V<»»yj /INQ CtMCTtnttS \ \v»CANT t«Hb The Nfw York Time*. B. How New York City Used Its Land in 1936. SCALE K GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Ordiiuir>- and K…

Ill Iron ,..i,l Sl« < 1 InMiMilr NYC B. Educational Preparation of Steel Workers in 1938. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION INCIUOINO THt HUMOROUS TRIOITION AND FEATURES OF ■ ^ X jL K^^ JudRr iiikI Lifr Matsazinr. A Mountain Made Out of an Increase. A curve chart is easily imagined as a series of hills and valleys. By putting the points in a curve, a mountain can be formed as in this cartoon. The origin…

According to correct procedure in a poster, there are few details given, and the lines are heavy. The original poster was in black, red, and white, and measured 11" by 17". QUANTITATIVE POSTERS CHARLESTON THE PORT OF NO DELy^^^T. MINIMUM HOURS OF FOG PROXIMITV TO OPEN SEA STRATEGIC LOCATION HARBOR FREE FROM ICE SPECIAL.IZED SERVICE AN AVERAGE OF ONLY 38 MINUTE9 OF FOO PER DAY POR TEN…

Graphic charts make an effective tool to use as part of a display. Interesting problems in large scale displays were brought to the fore during the construction of exhibits at the New York World's Fair, 1939. The turntable in the Ford Building weighing 152 tons with its exhibit was so heavy that a major foundation problem was involved. The solution was to float the turntable on a circular m…

A synchronized voice explains operations of the model. Gardnrr Displays Co.. Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania. B. Exhibit of the National Cash Register Company at the Business Show of 1938 in New York City. This small stage was six feet ten inches wide, six feet five inches high, and four feet seven inches deep. The characters were approximately twenty inches high. A sound mechanism controlled the a…

At the New York World's Fair. 1939, this paint, which is luminous only under ultra-violet light, gives the effect of illumination in the night scene in the Perisphere. is on the stars and underground cable lines in the Consolidated Edison "City of Light" and illuminates the night scene in the General Motors Building. These are just a few of the many places at the Fair in which this ultra-vio…

In the foreground is the little "grasshopper" locomotive -- the Atlantic (built in 1832) -- hauling the Imlay coaches. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION A. Schedule Board. This display fixture is in production control headquarters of the Pneumatic Scale Corporation, Ltd., Quincy, Massachusetts. Charts are lifted out by the production clerk for day-by-day posting. Factory Management and Maintenance, Fe…

In this way charts, graphs, etc., are shown in full. They are smooth, flat, and always available for quick reference. 3. If necessary any display wing-panels may be removed from the fixture, taken to a desk where work may be done on the posted material. The entire display is easily returned to its place in the fixture. S|>rrdway Manufacturing Co . Cicrro. Illinois. B. Electric Motor Driven …

Plastic Relief Map in the Exhibit of the Pan American Union at the New York World's Fair. 1939. 1. This map is constructed of transparent plastic, phenolic resin base, and is lighted from beneath. The map is made in twenty-nine individual panels, modeled from United States topographical maps. 2. The size of the map is 27 feet deep and 20 feet wide. It slopes from a height of 10 feet from the…

The following title will appear on the chart: "Revenues are constantly decreasing and taxes, wages, and overhead are constantly increasing." 2. Starting at 1922 a neon light will move to the right and up along the face of the chart up to 19.18. This line represents the increase in expenditures. When this line is completed, pictures will emerge from the back of the mirror in the sections marke…

The general visual effect of a diorama is similar to that which the observer gets when looking in or out of a window onto the actual scene. A diorama, or a series of dioramas, is used principally as the focal point of an exhibit, such as a world's fair exhibit, traveling display, window or industrial museum. The M;irrhan(l Dinramn Cotji , Mt Vrrnon. N. Y. Diorama of the Columbia Steel Compa…

Chart in the Entrance of the United States Steel Subsidiaries' Exhibit at the New York World's Fair. 1939. 1. This chart shows tlie growth in the use of steel per capita in the United States from the time of George Washington. In 1789, the use per capita was one-half pound. In 19J9. the use per capita is 19,000 pounds or 9', j tons. 2. The indispensability of steel in modern times is the theme…

Due probably to the impetus of business from the New York World's Fair, 1939. the diorama business has expanded tremendously. Two years ago there was one company specializing in diorama design and construction. Today there are twenty- five active in the field. J Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc. The "City of Light" Diorama at the New York World's Fair. 1939. 1. This diorama is th…

C, "Automobile Facts." February 1939. The Use of a Pin Map fo Indicate Changing Tastes by States in Autonnoblle Colors Month by Month ih the United States. 1. Differences in color preferences over a period of time and in different sections make it necessary for color experts to study fashion trends in order to anticipate changing demand. 2. More than 40% of the New England drivers and only 1…

Board Room of the Bowery Savings Bank in New York City. 1. The wall maps show all sections where the Bowery Savings Bank has or will have real estate loans. 2. The projection machine shown in the lower photograph can throw enlarged photographs, layouts, charts, and other pertinent information on a large screen placed at the far end of the room. 3. On the west wall of the room is a 35-foot pho…

Board Room of the New Federal Reserve Board Building in Washington, D. C. The star holders on the walls of this room and the charts that hang on them are a definite part of the decoration of the room. c^c:^o^c:^c:iC^c:sc^c^c^c^c^c^c^c^^^ ^ ^zp^^zp^^^zy^^z^^y^y^n^^ip^ip^y^zp^i? B. Sketch of the Lay-out of the General Motors Conference Room Showing the Position of the Projector and Screen. T…

Arithmetic Scale. -- An amount scale on a grid with equal numerical values represented by equal special intervals. Band Chart. -- See component curves chart. Bar Chart. -- Presentation of data in the form of bars whose lengths and divisions indicate values. Bell Curve Chart. -- A frequency chart in which the distribution assumes the shape of a bell. See frequency chart. Bilateral Bar Chart. -- …

Classification Chart. -- A chart in which facts, data, etc., are so arranged that the place of each in relation to all is readily seen. Column Chart. -- A bar chart in which the bars are arranged vertically. See bar chart. 502 GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Compound Bar Chart. -- A bar chart with several contrasting bars. See bar chart. Component Bar Chart. -- A bar chart in which each bar is divided i…

Cumulative Curve. -- A curve in which each value, except the first which is zero, is a total or accumulation of all preceding values. Curve Chart -- A chart in which a line is plotted on a grid. Dependent Variable. -- The data presented in a chart or table which varies according to a change in the independent variable. The amount scale on a time curve chart is the dependent variable. Disc Ch…

Geneology Chart. -- A chart used as a method of showing ancestry and heredity traits. Genetics Chart. -- See geneology chart. Graphic Narrative. -- A story told by means of pictures. Grid. -- The surface or field composed of coordinate rulings on which data are plotted or graphed. __^^^^^__^-- ^-^-- 503 GLOSSARY Guide Map. -- A detailed map on which highways, railroad routes, or other met…

Interpolation. -- Process of locating data between two known points. Key. -- See legend. Lag. -- The condition that exists when two curves are not concurrent, but one "lags" behind the other to some extent. Legend. -- An explanation or identification of symbols, etc., used in a chart. Logarithmic Chart. -- See ratio chart. Logarithmic Scale -- A scale of numbers on a grid so arranged that …

Moving Total Curve. -- A curve in which each value is the total for an overlapping period of time. Ogive Chart. -- A frequency distribution in which "more than" or "less than" data are presented. One scale of the grid represents percentages and the other scale represents "more than" or "less than" values. See frequency chart. 10(P/o Band Chart. -- See percentage curve chart. ^^"^ GRAPHIC PRE…

Pictogram. -- See graphic narrative, and pictorial unit bar chart. Pictorial Map. -- See statistical map. Pictorial Unit Bar Chart. -- A bar chart in which comparisons are made by using a number of symbols, each of which represents a specific value. Pie Chart. -- See sector chart. Pin Map. -- See statistical map. Plate. -- The composition, whether zinc, lead, etc., which is used to make the…

Range Bar. -- A bar form of high-low chart in which the range of prices of stocks or commodities may be indicated. See highlow chart. Rank Chart. -- See rating chart. Rate-of -Change Chart. -- See ratio chart. Rating Chart. -- The presentation of the rank of items as determined by the quantitative value of each item. Ratio Chart. -- A curve chart in which the amount scale rather than an arit…

Screen. -- A cross-lined screen, usually glass, through which copy is photographed for reproduction as a halftone. Sector Chart. -- The presentation of data in the form of a circle divided so that each sector is proportional to the corresponding facts. Semi- Logarithmic Chart. -- See ratio chart. Shot-Gun Chart. -- See scatter chart. Signature. -- A folded printed sheet ready to be assembled…

Two- Directional Bar Chart. -- See bilateral bar chart. Traffic Map. -- A flow map showing the flow of automobiles or persons on streets and highways. See How map. Two-Way Bar Chart. -- See bilateral bar chart. Zee Chart. -- A curve chart presenting periodic (day, week, or month) data, cumulative data, and a moving total on one grid. The positions of the curves form a "Z." ITO-ITT, 1<>0, …

Anirriran Oonraphiral Sorirly of Nrw York . 153 Anirriran iron & SirrI Inatiluir 3IIA. 215A, 243. 475, 4H1 B .-Imciirrin Machinist , „ 1511 Anirriran Map Co. _ . . 154 Anirriran Miilual Liability Iniurancc Co 464. 473 A, 4114 Anirriran I'rirolruiii IiiMi(.ulr _... 19SA Anirriran KollinK .Mill Co _ 10KB Anirriran SrhooU of Orirnlal Rrtrarch 170 .\iiirriran Sorirl> of .Mrrlianiral Knginrrri …

A»rri, I.ronard I'. _ Aiiniulhal projrctioit . Attorialioit 02B. 131A. 29BA. 349A. 479A. *V - SO A. 299 A 107 B 209, 2116, 28HB. 2»9. 291 B. 503 . 2H6. 2HHA .. 45 86A, 2SH, 273, 303 B . 176 & Sont 421' Bainbridgr, Cbarirt T Bahvr,' Helper 460B Balliniorr li Ohio Railway Co. 4H9 Band rharl JOl lOOCc 294. 297B. 503 Bar rhart 106-114, IIS-120. 363. 364. 464. 501 Abiolule 501 Arra …

Borgia map .„ Boston Gtohe Bowrn, M. I.. BoMrrt SavinRt Bank... Bowman, Isaiah ___ Brad>, Dornthy S. __ Brrak-rvrn rhart BrrMrr-tlanlrlnio Co. . Briggs Brinton. Vlillard C 356B 473B 259A 29 B 359R 49)1 162A 32HB .24, 49, 74B, 124A, 161. 1H6. 192B, 254, 261. 28HA. 293A, 327, 370 Brooks, Biirlrigh 397 K, 397 F Brown. Arthur, & Brolhert 419 Hro«n. Brrtrand . 123A, 124B. 12HA Bro…

397.104 .lOTC ^'^■:^ ______ 397 K j«:b 397 K .i<)7n -- -- ^ .'"H .197 R 4.VI .1S3, 3S6A. .1S9R 427A _______ 464^ 474 4.19 _27S. 282 A. 211)1 R 36H 109, Crnlral Statitliral Board (Srr frHrral Charl Book.) Chaddofk. H. K. Chanibrr of Coiunirrrr of llir United Stale* (Thainpinn I'apcr ft F'ihrr (^o. ^_^ 44H Chan, iiiiinrilioni for making 367 1110 Chartmakrri _ _. _ _ 4H1A Chat…

_ .49, SOA. SOB 156. 1511 56A. 367 . 474 Collon Preti -- Colton. Raymond R. Columbia Steel Co.-- Column chart --^ -418. 419. 423-428. 453 ^ 426 414. 439. 443 24. 370 106, 501 Commercial Engraving Publithing Co. Committee on Engineering and Scientific Graphs 381. 40HA, 40HB. 40HC Committee on Standards for Graphic Pretentalion (Srf Timr Srriet Chartt.) Commonwealth Editon Co. 3S4 …

lionietrir Halin Tri...«..l«r r»....lM.«lr (rn.lnii. Irr.lrnrk \. Cruiii, Vlilliuin 1.. (Mininlalivr : Bar chart Curve chart 2T! lrr<|Hrnr> chart Srrlnr chart Ciirlia Color Seoul Camera Curlii. Thoniai S.. Laboratory CurtK I'ubliihing Co. Curxr chart .- .- 1S7B 168 A 159A 21. 286 Hrll Coiiipariinni (!iinipnnent Cnrrrlalinn Cumulative l-"Tri|Urnf > CiintI 9tB 279, 281A. 126.…

Drnniton Manufacturing Co.. Dependent variable Detroit Ediion Co Deviation De\in Colorgraph Co_ Devin Tricolor camera.. Dick. A. B.. Co _ _ 429 _ 34 -4M8 333A .263, S02 3S$8 Diel<|ten. Eugene. Co.. Diniensioni Diorama Corp. ... Diorama! , Disc chart _________ Displays -.^ Dislorird map Ditto. Inc. Divided circle Divine, J. J.. A!!ociate!, In Diton. Joseph. Crucible Co.. Donn…

Educational Eihibilion Co. . 1S4. 193. 367. 368 Egyptian l.ari|uer Manufacturing C*. .. 461 ElrrlrUal Borld 239 A. 366 Electric Storage Batlerx Compaajr- Elrttroniet -- __ -73. 25S. 4S4A -S8. 263. 347A GRAPHIC PRESENTATION al Walcb C*. r.lrrlrnltpi KUin N.I VMlr l»pr Knii-nt. Brooks Knrtrlopriiia Anirrirar Knfiinfrrtng K' Mining EnfinrfriniL .V*>u-i Hrro tZl .IThR SI. 20A IS.1. …

Fir»l National Bank of Botloa 179A Fithrr, Ir\ing 340 Fi.alivr 420A Flat binding 4S| FIritrhrr A Co. 492A Florrnrr, I*. Sargent _ S5 Flow charl 73-80. 215-230. 502 Flow map 216 230, 502 Foiiir, F. P 37B. 250, 2SI F'olnirr (>raflrs Food Industiift Foolnotr Ford Motor Co. Forrst Srrvirr .. F'orm (Si-e alio Printing) Forlunr Magazine Frrnch fur\r F'rr€|iirncv : BrII charl Curvr cha…

44H SOOA 24. 370 432 B 3S6A . 371 27S. 276B. 28SA. 2IISB. 304B. 503 _ _ _ .. _ 204. 205 _ _ 499B _ _ 31 2. S2A. S2B 42SA. 427 B Hypotrnuir rectangle _ 156 ._ 156 _ 384 Illustration board. Wolman 421 llliislralions. prrparation ._ 417-422 Impo.ilion (S... aUo Rinding) 450. 4S2A Ind.pendrnI variable _ „ 263.503 Index numbers 1 14R. 142. 301-309, 347B. 363, 364. 503 India ink . 3…

General Klertric Co. ___ General I. and Office Genetici churl ._: Geographic map Geologic map Geological Survey Georgian Bay CanaL Grrard. Dave __^_______ Glotiary _ _ Goldrn Gair Fxpoiilion Coodyrar Tirr & Rubber Co.. GoTrrnmrnt mapi Gradr chart, pencil Grafa-lone Co. .. Grain {Sfv alto Paper) Graphic narralite __ Gravure printing Gray. RumcII T.. Inc. Grid Guide map Gulick. I…

Charles W.. I.add-Franklin lag l.at.iiardia. Fiiirello H. I.anslon Monotype Machine Co.. I.anlern slides ______^__ l.a Rose. K. S. l.aughlin. Harry H. Legend _______^__^____ __. 394 .276A. 503 499A --437. 438 405-409 329A 356A _302B. 503 l.rttt : Camrr* Manual I. rill. y.. lat. .- - l.rrov trllrrinf prn* l.rtlrr. Ilrnr* M. IVni I'halnirnphK l.rllrrpmi prinlin( l.rllrtt, r…

Flow 131 B .114A. 304A. 30IIB - 41 1 A 171. 23S Crographic Crologic _ Cuidr - _ Hitlorical . Hurricane .160. 170. 177. SOI 1S6 1S4 S03 - _ 231-237. S02 _17»-1H6. 270. S02 -23H-242. 4SV, S02 _ 1K7-193. S02 216-230. S02 1S6 . 1S6 H«droKraphie Information OBrt Kr. Mraturinic device „ Mechanical inlrnailjr ihadiiiC- Navigation Orangr-pecl Pictorial Pin . a_ Pro)rrlien (See…

196. 197. 2t8-210. 263. 274 194-199 211 2IS J65A. 26SB 39B 1S2 -443. 446. 44a. 4S3 IM2B 120. USA Merralnr prnjeelion Mrrediin I'uliliihin* « • Mrlropniilan I ifr III. Ill Mirrnfiln, Mllr.. Kll..e1l \ Mllinn ll.a.llr. I n Mlii.rnir.pl, ni.rhinr Ml>l<eo.c..pe Minite.ftia Mining and Maiiiifariiinitg ( Miniieatila \'alle% (ianning Lniiipati* Mixioippi Hirer Conimiiiinn Monol%pe Mn…

ISl. 107. 363. 364 Nalinnal Reinurrei Bnard {Sri- alio Ffd>-ral (hart :S. 95. I27B. 110. 16t. 1(,S. l(.hA. 168. 174. 175. 1114. 1H5. 1»H. IW. JIO. 214. 219, 222, 234A. 267. 291B Conwiiilire (Sv National Re- Uook) Nalinnal Reiniircei iniircei Bnard.) Nalinnal Machine Tool Buildrri Aitocialion 493B Nalinnal Tube Co. 486 Naiion't Hutin.,, ._ 466A Navigation map ^ _ 156 Na% igalinnal rha…

Norlh Jerie> Transit Coniniiitiaa _ J27 OKre of Indian AITairt Olfiel Gravure Corp. OITiet : Ink ^ Printing Ogden. r. K. Dgive rharl I00<~^ band chart I00<~( bar chart 331 33H, S03 .91. 297 8. S03 51. 88. 92 lOS. 123A. IJ«A. 132. 137A. 139A. 144B. USA. 152. 294. 297B. 4&4A. 560A. S04 Stamp lOCf block chart 100<^ Kjuare chart , _ _ Opacil. (.See alto PaM^)- Optical illuaion 9* …

Charlri O^ IS3, 204. 205 Pa^nr Fund _ 27 P»ai». C. v.. Co 430.431 Prdigrrr chart (Sur aUo Grneology and Cenetict chartt) 43 Pencil lengthjti^r , J70 Pen. ruling 374B Prrcrntagr chart Band chart Bar chart . Curve chart „ Perfei camera ^94, 29HA 397 B 35H _ 35 B I'erkint. B. ¥., & Son*, Inc. Peroiio. I.uigi _. . Philadelphia Evi-ning Bullvlin .-- Photo-Kngraveri Board of Trade 416…

371. 375 _ 475-478 86B ..242. 259A 435-442 Letterpreii Lithographic _J OITiet Planographic ._ Preii, portable- Relief Rologravure Probability paper Procedure rhmrt Proceii chart ___________________ Product Enfinevring ______________ Production control chart _ ._.._.__._ Production Yearbook {Set Collen Preil.) Profit graph _ ._. Progreai chart .^_____.___ Progreitive «v»>«g« Pr…

Henri J. Rice. John I Richardson. Arthur H Richmond, Leonard ______ Higgleman. John R Risl, Charles ._ ' Roberts, Wridon, Rubber Co_ Rolleiflex camera -- Root-two Ross, Charles *J., Co. _____ ___^ Rotogravure printing ____________ Route map Royal Statistical Society of London.. Rubber cement Ruling: Horizontal ________________ _441A, 44IB. 44 1 C 184. 202B 68-72. 505 .170-177. 4…

Shaw Blue Print Machine Co. 431 Shew hart. W. A 381 ._271B. 409 _ 183B -81-91, 363. 505 Shot-gun charl Signature (.See alto PrinllBg). Simondt, Frank __-- _ Sinclair, Prior. -- ___^_.^____ Slide rule U20, SOS _ . 206 _ . 328B 41 IB Smith, I.. C, T»pr»«rilrr Cu. Smilh. «. II. Stnilhrirwrtl l>lll<llli|| Sodrtalrniii. % alln Soil Ciiiiarrvalian Srrtirr South Mmirhiina H*il»a« Co S…

J22 IS3-242, SOS JS3 IS4 45() 2'»4. 505 39S .211 .382. Tabirt S Tirkri C*> Tabulation MrrhanKal Tackf Tallf>. B. B. Talhinn , __ 375 33-42, 3V6, SOS 33. 34 Trl.buii. Arthur R. - 24 Trninomrroff. V. A, 24. 309B. 333B. 334. 33S, 370 Trttilr Kronomict Bureau, '"^ 117 B, 352 Trtiile It arid 27 r/iu U rrk 4738 Thorndikr. Chuck 464 Thrrr-dimrniional nirthodi 354-3S9. SOS Timr >r…

TrianRlri '. 369A TrianKular : C»ardirtale papar 3S9A Scale 3S3 Tricolor camera 398 Tricolor Hrvin camera - 398A Tnlincar chart 1 JS9A. 3S9B T-».|uarr 369A Turntable 49IB. 4V2A Two-directional bar '■'">« SOS Two-. at bar chart 1 SOS T.pc: face 4S3 Siae 4*8. 4S3 Style 439 Typcvrilrr 377 Ucclric 379 Si; lea 176B t'llra tinlrl paint I ndrrxond Mli»t ( liber ( ompant I moil l<ailrn…

.l.'lll. 321, 362. 422. 495 A r 76. i:ilB, I.I9A, I39B, 271A, 29:A. JOJA. 32HA. JJ6. 33H ^ .. 44. 46. 69 . 499B i7A. 67, 86L', t06B. UO. 308A ion 2H4A 499 B 3SA, 97. i73B SOOA 1S6 1S6 _ISS. 1S6, 160 National Kraourcet Board (jie« Nalional Kriourcet Hoard) Affair. 1$6 I Ser»icc liO Office of liidi Soil Conierva Work. ProKrr • Adiiiinitlralion 6IB, 82A, 96. 99, 102A. lOIA. iniR.…

Ward. Robert _ ^ 231 Vlarren, 1- . I).. Company 440 Weather map 2I6A. 216B. 217A. 218. 232A. 232B, 233B. 234A. 236 Weber, Martin J. 380,4018 Welch, U. M., Mauiifacluring Company S2A, S2B Uelp, (;eor|;c 427B Wen.el, J. 343 Writinghouie Ktrelrie Manufarluring Campaajr 64 WheeUrigbt, William Bond 443 W biting- I'loter I'aper Company Wirettllched binding *ood block _-__- Vood- Began Initr…