Whether the binding job is large or small, the following specifications should be given to the binder:

BINDING SPECIFICATIONS

Title Headbands

Quantity Cloth

No. Pages Leather

Plates: Boards

Single Tips Stamping

To Jacket

Tissues

Maps Wraps

Whipstitch^ Boxes

Reinforce \ "- " Deliver to

Tapes When Required

Linings Charge to

Trimmed Size Special Instructions

Edges

Round and Back

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GRAPHIC PRESENTATION

If the book is to have an edition binding, there are a number of features that should be considered. See below.

1. Imposition. See 452A. The binder should be consulted in determining whether the imposition should allow for folding in 16or 32 -page units (signatures) before the book goes to press. From a binding standpoint, it is important that the bulk of the paper be considered in determining the method of folding and that the grain of the paper run the way of the fold.

2. Inserts. Pages that are printed on different paper from the body of a book, such as illustrations, maps, etc., constitute inserts. They are commonly pasted to the text pages.

3. Reinforcements. The first consideration for strength in the joints of the cover is the end papers (the papers pasted to the inside of the cover and forming the first page of the book). The strength and durability of the binding depend largely upon the tearing strength of this paper. Other means of reinforcing are "turned ends," "muslin guards," and "cloth joints."

To secure "turned ends," the end papers are cut about half inch larger in width than usual to allow a quarter of an inch stub. These stubs are placed around the first and last signatures and then pasted down. In sewing, the threads pass through the stubs of the end papers as well as the first and last signatures.