In setting type by hand, individual letters of type are picked from a job case and

placed into a composing stick in which they are arranged and spaced as desired. Each line is removed as it is set and placed on a flat tray called a galley. When the page is complete, corrected, etc., it is locked up for the printing press. Simple corrections are made by removing the letter or whatever is in error and changing it.

2. The illustration above is a California Job Case, which is the universal case. About 95%

of the cases used for typesetting by hand are California Job Cases,

"^^^ GRAPHIC PRESENTATION

In planographic printing, which includes lithography (both direct and offset), the design is in the same plane as the surrounding or non-printing portions of the plate. The design, however, is greaseattracting, while the non-printing portions are treated so as to make them grease-repellent. On the press, the non-printing portions are dampened with water between impressions to keep them in that condition. It follows that when the greasy ink is applied by the rollers to the plate only the design takes ink and prints. In direct lithography, the design is printed directly upon the paper. In offset lithography, the design is printed upon a rubber blanket which in turn transmits the design to the paper. Practically all lithography is now of the offset type. While both coated and uncoated papers are being successfully used for lithographing purposes, the latter is chiefly used. Blanket resiliency makes it possible to secure excellent results in halftones on uncoated (rough) stock. Examples -- displays, posters, books, book covers, booklets, circulars, labels, wrapping papers, calendars, inserts, etc.