[Edward Manning Ruttenber (1872)] front, and from an ambush, attacked maiker, sagamore of Tappan, in behalf them and a great fight ensued. The of themselves and Neversincks, having Mohawks were finally put to flight by understood that peace had been made the extraordinary bravery and prowess of between the Maquas and Mahikanders, Chekatabut and his captains; but victory asked permission to visit, etc." was purchased by the death of their 62 THE INDIAN TRIBES their treaties with the English and their official relations with the governments of New York and Massachusetts. That the Mahicans experienced great changes is unquestioned. To a considerable extent their position involved this. Though spared on the north and east, they were exposed to the incom ing civilization on the west and south. The Wapplngers suffered terribly in their wars with the Dutch : from the rapacity of the traders at Fort Orange they recoiled. If their national council-fire was originally at Schodac, it was subsequently removed to the valley of the Housatonic,1 where, under the name of