[Edward Manning Ruttenber (1872)] ransomes and presents to them upon a treaty of peace.1 " 2. That the English do make peace for the Indian Princes with the Nations down the River.2 " 3. That they may have free trade, as formerly. 1 The Abenequis, or Eastern Indians. 2The Minquas, Esopus and Navison clans of JLenapes. 160 THE INDIAN TRIBES " 4. That they may be lodged in houses, as formerly. "5. "That if they be beaten by the three nations above mentioned they may receive accommodation from ye English." x This treaty, to be correctly interpreted, must be considered in connection with the former relations of the Indians to the governments of New Amsterdam and New England. The Afakieans proper were under treaty with both the English and the Dutch, but representative cantons immediately on the Hudson held a recognized intercourse with the latter. These were included in the treaty under the terms, " the Indians of Wamping and Espachomy, precisely as were those of Long island, who had recognized treaties, and who were specified " as below the Manhattans;" but the Massachusetts Mabicans required no such recognition, the change in the government not having affected the treaty which existed between them and the English. The fact that the treaty was made with representa tives of the Five Nations has no significance other than that with them the English had no previous treaty. Whatever special