of the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir, allowing one side of the reservoir to be drained for repairs while water distribution continued from the other. beltcourse: A continuous row/layer of stones or bricks in a wall. berm: Generally speaking, a space that separates two distinct areas; In regards to the Old Croton Aqueduct, the berm functions as an 112 Board of Water Supply: Created by the New York State legislature in 1905 to replace the Board of Aqueduct Commissioners. Croton Aqueduct Board: Superseded the State Water Commission; The first board was established in 1833 with the task of providing New York City with fresh water, and was disbanded in 1849. “Croton War”: As many as one thousand Irish laborers gathered on Thursday, April 2, 1840, to protest for higher wages, bullying and fighting anyone who crossed their picket line. The following Monday, New York City Mayor Isaac Varian sent up about one hundred troops to put down the protest, but found laborers and their families taking a few days off. They were able to chase down two "would-be rabble rousers," whom they arrested. The bloodless Croton War was a laughingstock. Croton Water Filtration Plant: A water purification and filtration plant currently being constructed in Van Cortlandt Park beneath the Mosholu Golf Course in the Bronx to filter water coming through the aqueduct tunnel from the New Croton Reservoir. Croton Watershed: Consists of twelve culvert: Stone-arched openings built into the base of aboveground portions of the Old Croton Aqueduct that allowed streams or other preexisting bodies of water to flow underneath the conduit. cyclopean masonry: A type of stonework found in Mycenaean architecture; Huge unworked boulders, usually of limestone, are roughly put together with minimal clearance between adjacent stones and held together without the use of mortar. D dam: A structural barrier that impounds or retains water. Department of Water Works: Superseded the Croton Aqueduct Board in 1870. distributing reservoir: A reservoir from which water is distributed; In the Croton Waterworks system, distributing reservoirs were the final stop before water was distributed to individual New York City neighborhoods. Douglass, David Bates: Conducted surveys and determined the course and basic shape for the Old Croton Aqueduct; Douglass planned many of the prominent structures of the system before disputes with Commissioner Stephen Allen led to his dismissal. E Egyptian Revival: An architectural style that uses motifs and imagery from Ancient Egypt. embankment: An artificial raised bank of land used to serve as a water barrier. F forebay: Found in the Central Park South Gatehouse; A small reservoir at the head of a pipeline through which water passes from the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir into pipes that distribute water along the main avenues into lower Manhattan. fortress style: Resembling a fort or a fortified structure. G gabbro: A large, coarse-grained, igneous rock. Glossary A American Society of Civil Engineers Landmark: Structures, projects, and/or sites that have been designated by the American Society of Civil Engineers as being significant feats of engineering and construction. reservoirs and dams (Amawalk, Bog Brook, Boyd's Corner, Cross River, Croton Falls, East Branch, Middle Branch, Muscoot, New Croton, Titicus, West Branch) and four controlled lakes (Cross River, the east and west branches of the Croton River, and the New Croton Dam) that supply drinking water via aqueduct to New York City. Section 4: Conclusion Glossary gatehouse: Large structures located along the Croton Waterworks that provide access to the underground conduit pipes. girder arch: An H-section steel girder bent to a circular shape. Gothic: In reference to the Croton Waterworks, gothic refers to one of the many architectural styles used in the construction of the structural components comprising the aqueduct system. gravity-fed system: A water system designed to be operated by the force of gravity. Great Fire of 1835: Occurred on December 16th and 17th, 1835; Fifty acres and seventeen blocks burned in downtown Manhattan, leaving two dead and more than five hundred buildings destroyed. What little water there 113 H High Service Reservoir: A reservoir that provided an emergency supply of water to areas located at higher elevations than the Croton Dam. hydrofracking: Short for “hydraulic fracturing”; A process that results in the creation of fractures in rocks. This fracturing is done from a hole drilled into reservoir rock formations to increase the rate and recovery of oil and natural gas. I inverted siphon: A pressure pipeline that carries water downhill, then uphill again in a U-shaped trajectory; The rising liquid at the bottom of the U pushes the liquid in front of it uphill to continue flowing on the other side by means of gravity. Italianate: Refers to a popular architectural style during the 1840s and 1850s that was also the architectural style of the keepers’ houses, important structures built along the Old Croton Aqueduct. J Jervis, John Bloomfield: The