[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] characterizing each language, however, make it necessary for people to learn to speak it like a foreign language in order to clearly understand one another. Identification of just what linguistically constitutes Delaware as a language depends on one’s point of view. Linguistic “splitters” emphasizing the significance of differences (i.e., Goddard 1978) regard Delaware as it was traditionally spoken in the lower Delaware River valley as separate and distinct from Munsee. Munsee and Wampano are very similar dialects spoken by closely related people living north and east of the Unami-speaking area. Holders of this view identify Delaware whose known dialects include Southern Unami, spoken around Delaware Bay and the lower Delaware River, and Northern Unami (sometimes referred to as Unalachtgo or Unalimi), in central New Jersey and adjacent parts of Pennsylvania. “Lumpers” focusing upon similarities mostly regard Delaware as a language consisting of more or less mutually intelligible Munsee, Northern Unami, and Southern Unami dialects. This position is supported by findings of Ray Whritenour (2010), who used the list of 207 words commonly found in human languages. The list was originally compiled by linguist Morris Swadesh as a comparative tool to assess degrees of language difference and similarity. Whritenour used Swadesh’s list to examine documented Munsee, Southern Unami, and Northern Unami examples. His analysis found that Southern and Northern Unami shared 190 cognates (a rate of 91.8 percent). Northern Unami and Munsee shared 177 (85.5 percent), and Munsee shared 152 with Southern Unami (a more distant 73.4 percent). Whritenour further noted that these degrees of similarity indicate that Munsee, Northern Unami, and Southern Unami were more closely related to one another than those widely regarded as dialects within the Italian, German, or Chinese speech communities. Munsees referred to themselves as lunaapeew, “common man (i.e., human being)” and used the words hulŭníixsuw to identify speakers of Delaware and wihwŭnaamíwuw when talking about Unamis (O’Meara 1996:601). As mentioned above, two variants of Beyond Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet Munsee have been documented. Munsee proper is a living language still spoken by a few elders of Canada. Wampano is a scantily documented but evidently closely related extinct Munsee dialect documented along the Connecticut–New York borderlands that also contained elements from the Mahican and Southern New England Algonquian Quiripi languages (Rudes 1997). Variously spelled versions that include Muncey, Muncie, and Monsey cluster in six areas associated with Munsee occupation and history. Those within their homeland, such as the Village of Monsey in Rockland County, New York and Eastern Pennsylvanian place names like Mount Minsi at the Delaware Water Gap in Monroe County and the Minsi Trails Bridge and Minsi Lake in neighboring Northampton, are recent introductions. The group of municipalities, waterways, and other features along the West Branch of the Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania’s Lycoming County bearing the name Muncy is located in the region where colonists made their first reference to “Munscoes Indians” originally from the Delaware River valley in 1727. Places like Muncie Hollow in Sandusky County, Ohio; Delaware County, Indiana, locales such as the City of Muncie and Muncie Creek; another Muncie Creek in Wyandotte County, Kansas; the Munsee Road that runs through MunseeDelaware Nation Indian Reserve No. 1 at the community traditionally known as Muncey Town in Ontario; and the Stockbridge-Munsee Reservation in Wisconsin, lay along the route they traveled west into exile. Not all places bearing such names are associated with Munsee Indians. Muncy Cove, Maine; Muncy Ranch, New Mexico; Munsey Park, New York; and Munsey Lake, Oregon, are located in places where Munsee Indians have never lived. Surnames spelled Muncy, Munsey, Monsey, and Mouncey belong to families whose members moved from France to England and on to Quebec, New England, and the American West. Delawares living south of Munsee-speaking people in their homeland spoke Northern Unami and Southern Unami dialects. The identity of closely related extinct Unalachtigo remains uncertain. People speaking Unami dialects used their words lenape or lënape when referring to themselves. The name is most commonly rendered as Lenni Lenape or simply Lenape on modern-day maps. Like Munsee, places bearing names like Lake Lenape and Lenape Park in New Jersey and Lenni in Pennsylvania in the homeland of Unami-speaking people only appeared on maps after the Indians they referred to were forced from their lands. Other spellings of the name include the railroad town of Lenapah founded in Nowata County, Oklahoma, in 1889; Lenni-Lenape Island in Lake George in Warren County, New York; and Lenapeeuw Road in the Moraviantown Reserve Indian community in Ontario. In all, the U.S. Board on Geographic Names’ Geographic Names Information System (the database maintained by the official federal clearing house for place names and place name spellings; hereafter cited as the GNIS) list 39 places named Lenape at various locales in the United States. Inclusion of the many instances of the application of