[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] built at the heads of several modern-day hamlet of Nauraushaun, located within the tract sold stretches of rapids at and around the flats at Neversink provided by the Indians in 1702 and 1710, was variously called Sickeltown water that powered mills that quickly turned the area into a major and Van Houten’s Mills at different times during the nineteenth cen- logging and tanning center. The Town of Neversink was established tury (Wardell 2009:64). in the area in 1798, and post offices were opened, first at Neversink 1705, Indian deed (in C. Street 1887-1889 1:291-294). Lindenhurst the Neversink Reservoir along a relatively narrow valley. Its upperresidents named their park after one-mile-long Neguntatogue Creek most East and West Branches run along the lower lip of the ancient that still flows south from the village into the Great South Bay. crater left by the meteor that struck the area 375 million years ago. The branches meet at the place where water carried by the East and NEPPERHAN (Westchester County). Today, Nepperhan is the West Delaware Aqueduct tunnels pours into the river just above the name of several streets in and around the Nepperhan Heights and reservoir. Those waters not pumped from the reservoir to travel farNepperhan Park neighborhoods in the City of Yonkers. The name ther eastward into the Neversink-Rondout Aqueduct flow south first appeared as Neperan in the September 11, 1666, Indian con- through the lower course of the Neversink River as it tumbles firmation of the since-lost Van der Donck (the earlier mentioned through the heart of the Catskills resort region on its way to its juncjonkheer, “young lord”) deed to land in and around Yonkers (Palstits tion with the Delaware River at Port Jervis. 1910 1:234-235). The stream, variously identified as Nippizan, Nipperan, Nepperha, Wepperhaem, and Neppierha, was mentioned as NIMHAM (Putnam County). A group of places named Nimham in the Indian name for what colonists called Youncker’s Creek or Kill the highlands east of the Hudson River honor the memory of Wapin deeds to lands in the area signed between 1681 and 1685 (in R. pinger sachem Daniel Nimham (Grumet 1992; J. Smith 2000). Bolton 1881 1:268-271, 507; 2:2-3). Dams built across the Nepper- Daniel Nimham played a major role in his people’s efforts to rehan Creek at several locales led residents to refer to the stream as cover their lands in the highlands during the 1760s. Unable to secure the Saw Mill River. These provided the falls of water that turned the help of provincial officials, Daniel traveled to London to put the the wheels and turbines that powered the many mills and factories case before the home government. Officials there turned the matter 22 Beyond Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet back over to the British Indian Superintendent in the colonies, Sir William Johnson, who decided against the claim in 1765. Forced to leave his home at Wiccopee (see below) in the highlands, Nimham moved to the Indian mission at Stockbridge (see in Massachusetts in Part 1). He was killed along with his son Abraham, commander of the detachment of riflemen known as the Stockbridge Indian Company, while fighting alongside other Continental Army units defeated at the Battle of Cortlandt Ridge in the present-day Katonah section (see Katonah and Indian Field above) of the Bronx on August 31, 1778. Nimham’s name and memory had largely been largely forgotten when the Civilian Conservation Corps and the State of New York erected an 80-foot-tall fire tower atop the 1,320-foot-high hill they christened Mount Ninham in 1940. The hill, formerly known as Big Hill and Smalley Mountain, ultimately became the focal point of preservation efforts in the area. Local interest resulted in the state’s acquisition of the 1,023-acre Nimham Mountain State Forest and its Ninham Multiple Use Area taking in Mount Nimham. Today, the use of the name Nimham in the local area has grown to include several local streets, roads, and other features. NYACK (Rockland County). Today, Nyack is the name of several communities, often collectively referred to as the Nyacks, situated on the western shore of the Tappan Zee (see below) along the lower Hudson River. The meaning of the name is unknown. The earliest reference to Nyack occurred in a deed to land at a place called Neycusick signed on February 13, 1679 (State of New Jersey 1880-1949 21:225) on the north side of the then-contested border with New Jersey. Neycusick may have been the same place identified as Navish, mentioned as the Indian name of Verdrida Hook in the June 23, 1682, deed to a different tract of land located on the opposite bank of the Hudson River (Westchester County Records, Deed Book A:181-184). Verdrida Hook, whose name in Dutch translates as “tedious or troublesome to navigation point or hook” (Gehring, personal communication, 2012), is today called Stony