[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] BEYOND MANHATTAN: A Gazetteer of Delaware Indian History Reflected In Modern-Day Place Names by Robert S. Grumet Munsee and Northern Unami Interpretations by Ray Whritenour NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM RECORD 5 The New York State Museum is a program of The University of the State of New York The State Education Department l Office of Cultural Education iii BEYOND MANHATTAN: A GA…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] characterizing each language, however, make it necessary for people to learn to speak it like a foreign language in order to clearly understand one another. Identification of just what linguistically constitutes Delaware as a language depends on one’s point of view. Linguistic “splitters” emphasizing the significance of differences (i.e., Goddard 1978) regard Delaware as …

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] referred to were forced from their lands. Other spellings of the name include the railroad town of Lenapah founded in Nowata County, Oklahoma, in 1889; Lenni-Lenape Island in Lake George in Warren County, New York; and Lenapeeuw Road in the Moraviantown Reserve Indian community in Ontario. In all, the U.S. Board on Geographic Names’ Geographic Names Information System (th…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] appearing as a name 6 Beyond Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet NEW YORK AMAWALK (Westchester County). Whritenour thinks that Appamankaogh, an early spelling of Amawalk, sounds very much like the Munsee words *apaamaapoxkw, “rock here and there,” and *ahpeemaapoxkw, “upon the overlying rock.” Amawalk is presently the name of a village, a dam, a hill, and a Friends meetinghouse b…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] 30 and 31, 1656, conveyances to land in the area (in C. Street 1887-1889 1:6-7; Palstits 1910 2:403-405). A businessman named William Codling selected the sachem’s name exactly as it was spelled in the 1656 deeds for his Asharoken Beach development built in Huntington during the early 1900s. Residents intent on controlling local services formally incorporated the communit…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] Maryland, is probably an English rendering of the Iroquoian term ganawagha (Kenny 1961:5-6). Whatever its etymology, Canarsie has become a byword for Brooklyn. Ask anyone in the borough— most will tell you that the Canarsees were Brooklyn’s original inhabitants. The name more properly refers to a place rather than a polity. Like Minisink far to the west (see below), the C…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] time the Chappequa Mineral Spring resort was noted in Gordon’s (1836:768) gazetteer. Etymologically similar Eastern Algonquian place names include Chappaquiddick and Chappaquoit in Massachusetts. CHEECHUNK (Orange County). Whritenour suggests that Cheechunk may be derived from a Munsee word, *chiichangw, “mirror.” Cheechunk Creek in the Town of Goshen is a tributary of th…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] the location of deed dated September 6, 1700 (Marshall et al. 1962-1978 2:132, Nechtank, an overnight camp catering to Indians visiting nearby 161). New Amsterdam that was operated by a local sachem named Numerus. It became one of two places where lower Hudson River InCOCHECTON (Sullivan County). Heckewelder (1834:362) dians (the other was Pavonia, today’s Jersey City), t…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] a lengthy colonial land dispute Bolton (1881 1:362-363). It was again mentioned as Scrotons River between Oyster Bay town settlers, who claimed that the lands be- in the same general area in an August 4, 1705, land sale document longed to their Massapequa Indian clients (see below), and Hunt- (New York State Library, Indorsed Land Papers 4:58). The name ington townsfolk w…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] excavated from sites along the creek around Hurley and Kingston corroborates colonial accounts of intensive Indian settlements along the lower course of the creek first noted in a Dutch map drawn in 1616. Violent encounters between Indians and settlers in the area between 1658 and 1664, and the Nicolls Treaty made in 1665 (named for English governor Richard Nicolls, who p…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] the minds of city officials, corpo12 rate executives, conservationists, and copy editors, who see to it that news of the latest run-ins pitting contending interest groups against one another reaches their readers. HACKENSACK (Rockland County). The headwaters of the Hackensack River rise in the New York county of Rockland before flowing south into New Jersey. See the entry…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] in the Minisink town community of Slate Hill are named for Joghem (Dutch for Joseph), the nickname used by one of the principal Indian signatories of the deed that conveyed much of the land in present-day Orange County to New York governor Thomas Dongan on September 10, 1684 (Budke 1975a:56-59). Joghem was an influential sachem also noted as Sherikam, Choukass, Sekomeek, …

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] an upper branch of the Rondout Creek called Kahakasink, in the minutes of a Nicolls Treaty renewal meeting held on April 27, 1677 (Christoph, Christoph, and Gehring 1989-1991 2:57-59). A 60-acre tract noted as “Kahakasins, being the first land at said Kahankisins,” was subsequently identified in an April 18, 1683, Indian deed to land at present-day Kerhonkson (Ulster Coun…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] of these is the 208-acre Kitchawan Preserve on the south shore of the Croton Reservoir. Established as a research station by the Brooklyn Botanical Garden, the facility is now operated as a county forest preserve. Kitchawan Pond, located near the Connecticut state line at the other end of Westchester, was created in the early 1900s as the focal point of a camp and cottage…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] Fort Roosa was built at MAHOPAC (Putnam County). Whritenour thinks that Mahopac Roosa’s Gap, a low point in the Shawangunk Mountain ridge (see sounds much like a Munsee word, meexpeek, “that which is a lot of below) just north of Wurtsboro. Population gradually began to conwater.” Today, Mahopac is the name of a lake and several nearby centrate along the lowlands just sou…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] branch and the community that it served. The name did not totally disappear in the area, however. Manetto Hill survives today the same way that same year on the Velasco map discovered in the early twentieth century in Spanish archives. Manahata on the map was located on the west side of the present-day Hudson River across from Manahatin on the river’s east bank (no island…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] with the last part of the name of fashionable Saratoga to the 75-acre Manitoga estate he built in Garrison in 1941. Manitoga presently houses the Russel Wright Design Center next door to the 137-acre Manitou Point Nature Preserve. MANNAYUNK (Orange County). Five-mile-long Mannayunk Kill flows into the west bank of the Wallkill River just west of the present-day Village of…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] a cluster of municipalities at the southeastern corner of the Town of Oyster Bay. Massapequa has been on maps since Mechoswodt, the sachem of Marossepinck, signed the January 15, 1639, treaty deed that granted the Dutch West India Company the sole right to purchase Indian land in western Long Island (Gehring 1980:9). Massapequa, whose remote backwater location close by th…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] hospital, and a neighborhood in the City of Beacon. The name initially appeared in the August 8, 1683, Indian deed to land between present-day Fishkill and Wappinger creeks (see below) as a boundary point on “the south side of a creek called the Fresh Kill, and by the Indians Matteawan” (Hasbrouck 1909:35-37). Local residents had been casually applying the name to both th…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] 1909:281). MINISCEONGO (Orange and Rockland counties). Minisceongo Creek and its branches drain a substantial area along the easternmost slopes of the Ramapo Mountain Ridge (see below). The name first appeared as Menisiakoungue Creek in an April 16, 1671, patent (State of New Jersey 1880-1949 21:17) to land at Haverstraw (see above). The South Branch of the Minisceongo Cr…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] the City of Newburgh. The Moodna’s main stem forms at the junction of Satterly Creek and Otter Creek. From there, Moodna Creek flows east past Salisbury Mills and beneath the Moodna Railroad Viaduct to its junction with the Hudson River at Cornwall-onHudson. The present-day 22-mile-long Murderkill River in the State of Delaware marks a similar tradition dating to colonial…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] the waters of Rondout Creek join with Sandburg Creek at the base of the Shawangunk Ridge (see below) in the Town of Wawarsing (see below). The name first appeared in colonial records as Nepenaack in an Indian deed to land in the area dated June 8, 1696 (Ulster County Records, Deed Book CC:145). A group of native people from the area later identified themselves as Nappaner…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] built at the heads of several modern-day hamlet of Nauraushaun, located within the tract sold stretches of rapids at and around the flats at Neversink provided by the Indians in 1702 and 1710, was variously called Sickeltown water that powered mills that quickly turned the area into a major and Van Houten’s Mills at different times during the nineteenth cen- logging and t…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] a deed to land at a place called Neycusick signed on February 13, 1679 (State of New Jersey 1880-1949 21:225) on the north side of the then-contested border with New Jersey. Neycusick may have been the same place identified as Navish, mentioned as the Indian name of Verdrida Hook in the June 23, 1682, deed to a different tract of land located on the opposite bank of the H…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] several others in the area between the 1680s and the 1720s, resided at Pakanasink as late as 1736 (Goshen Public Library, Minisink Patent Papers). Settlers moving to Maringomahan’s old home along Pakanasink Creek just before the Revolutionary War gave the name Peconasink to the small hamlet they built on its banks just one mile west of today’s Pine Bush (Spafford 1813:297…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] (see in Connecticut). PEPACTON (Delaware County). Whritenour thinks that Papakonk, the earliest recorded form of Pepacton, sounds like a Munsee word, *peepakang, “sweet flag (grass).” Today, Pepacton Reservoir and Dam are located along the East Branch (often called the Pepacton Branch) of the Delaware River. Also known as the Downsville Reservoir and Dam, the 15-mile-long…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] area feared attack when war with France and her Indian allies again broke out in 1744. Local authorities, claiming that Moravians might be French spies, saw to it that the missionaries were deported in 1746. Many POTAKE (Rockland County). Whritenour thinks that Pothat, an of their Indian converts, whose numbers included Schebosch, a de- early orthography of Potake preserv…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] on November 10, 1701 (New Jersey Archives, Liber H:37-39), and Rechawak, mentioned in a deed to land dated July 29, 1702 (New Jersey Archives, Liber M:555-556), came from a different Munsee word, lechauwaak, “fork, branch.” Observing that the Munsee word for “fork” sounds more like leexaweek, Whritenour thinks that the names in New York and New Jersey both represent the w…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] the which rises in the Town of Shandaken and flows north into Dry Brook in the Town of Hardenbergh on its way to Arkville where it falls into the East Branch of the Delaware River. The 18-mile-long Shandaken Tunnel completed in 1924 transports New York Citybound water from the Schoharie Reservoir to the Esopus Creek (see above) at Allaben (named for local resident Orson M…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] and the Mohonk Preserve (see above). SHEKOMEKO (Columbia and Dutchess counties). Shekomeko is a Mahican name for a mixed community that included many Munsee-speaking people located on Shekomeko Creek, a ten-mile-long tributary of the Roeliff (sometimes spelled Roeloff) Jansen Kill. A Moravian Indian mission stood on Shekomeko Creek’s banks in the present-day hamlet of Bet…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] variant spelling of sewan, a word that Delawares and their neighbors used for wampum. The name first appeared as Sywanois fixed onto a location in present-day southeastern Massachusetts noted in Adriaen Block’s 1614 map (Stokes 1915-1928 1: Color Plate 1). Slightly rewording the name in the 1625 edition of his book, Johan de Laet (in Jameson 1909:44) wrote that Indian peo…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] it was Tatomuck in Connecticut for further information. established on former estate land atop Clausland Mountain acquired by the Town of Orangetown in 2003. TITICUS (Westchester County). In New York, Titicus is the name of a mountain, a dam, a reservoir created by the dam, and the river TACKAPAUSHA (Nassau County). Tackapausha Preserve (ac- flowing into the impoundment f…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] Lorillard IV created the exclusive self-sustaining Tuxedo Park comHudson River. Local residents living on either side of the state line munity in 1886. The black tie, tailless dinner jacket known as the separating Bergen County, New Jersey, from Rockland County, tuxedo received its name after it was first seen being worn at the New York, also know Tappan as a name adornin…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] in Pelham Bay Park. Wampage’s connections, if any, with John Wampus, a Nipmuck émigré from Massachusetts who claimed land in modern-day Fairfield County, Connecticut, in 1671, currently are unclear. Town officials had the sachem, who signed the abovementioned 1696 deed, in mind when they chose the name Wampus to adorn their community. The particular spelling they selected…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] of Amenia. From there, the stream flows south to WAPPINGER (Dutchess County). Whritenour thinks that Wap- its junction with Webatuck Creek (see below) to form the Tenmile 32 Beyond Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet River a mile or so above Dover Plains. The name first appeared as Wesaick Brook in the February 1704, survey of land located in what was called the Oblong Tract betw…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] it traveled downhill from the mountain to the Today, places named Wiccopee occur in two adjacent locales astride as the preferred spelling of the name in the area to the present day. a stretch of the Hudson Highlands to the east of the Hudson River. The upper group centers around Wiccopee Creek, a northward-run- WYKAGYL (Westchester County). The name of the Wykagyl ning s…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] Way (formerly Amogerone Place), a nearby oneblock-long lane in the Greenwich town center. ASPEN. Aspen Mill Road is located in the Town of Ridgefield. During the 1960s, the local planning commission saw to it that this place name would win any prize awarded to the most thoroughly disguised Indian place name in the region when it insisted that a local developer adopt Aspen…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] acres at Lonetown for twice that amount farther north at Schaghticoke in 1748 (Wojciechowski 1985:112). COCKENOE. Cockenoe Island is the name of one of the Norwalk Islands that lie offshore from Norwalk (see below) and Westport on Long Island Sound. Like several other islands in the chain, Cockenoe Island is separated from the mainland by Cockenoe Harbor. Both the island …

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] land in the area (Wojciechowski 1985:105). 1880s when it was given to the Connecticut State Soldiers Home for Civil War veterans and the railroad station built to serve the facility. Local traditions assert that Noroton comes from Norporiton, an alleged Indian name for the local river not found in colonial records, Trumbull (1881:40, 62), however, thought that Noroton was…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] around western Connecticut’s Pequonnock River valley. PONUNCAMO. Ponuncamo Road is another of the Indian names provided by the Fairfield Historical Society to the developer of the Lake Hills subdivision in 1952. Ponuncamo was a prominent Indian participant in several land sales made in the area during the 1660s (in Wojciechowski 1985:95-96). PONUS. The name of this sachem…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] around the village. SASAPEQUAN. Sasapequan Road is located in the Lake Hills development built in 1952 in the Town of Fairfield. Furnished at the developer’s request by the Fairfield Historical Society, the name first appeared as Sasapequna, one of the Indians who signed a deed to land in the area on October 6, 1680 (Wojciechowski 1985:105). SASCO. Trumbull (1881:63) thou…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] mostly located on rocky uplands around Schaghticoke Mountain, the people of the Schaghticoke Tribal Nation never abandoned the land and maintain it as their national center to the present day. Similar-looking Skiatook in Oklahoma (see in Part 3) is the Siouan name of a prominent nineteenth-century Osage leader. SHIPPAN. Whritenour thinks that Shippan sounds like a truncat…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] the Beyond Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet form as the name of a one-square-mile-sized tract in a December 26, 1686, Indian deed in northern Fairfield, and as Ompaquag in a deed dated September 12, 1687 (in Wojciechowski 1985:111). The name was first applied to the present-day pond in the form of Umpewange in a September 30, 1708, deed to land in the locale (in Robert Bolton …

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] who signed the July 15, 1657, deed to Staten Island (Gehring 2003:141142). Three deeds to places in and near the City of Passaic signed between April 4, 1678, and April 9, 1679, used the names Aquickanucke, Haquequenunck, Aquenongue, and Aqueguonke to identify land in the area (Budke 1975a:47A-47E). Residents retained the name when they incorporated a part of that land as…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] is the name of the ridge, and the nearby Campgaw community. of a brook, a park, and a nearby mountain range. The Goffle Mountain ridge, formerly called Totoway Mountain (see Totowa below), CAVEN (Hudson County). Caven Point juts out into New York is a part of the First Watchung Mountain (see below) that rises Harbor behind Liberty Island in present-day Jersey City. It was…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] newly established County of Hudson that broke off from Bergen County in 1840. By 1849, the population had risen sufficiently to warrant erection of Hoboken Township. Six years later, Hoboken became a city. The Stevens Institute of Technology named for the city’s developer today rests upon the rocky outcrop on the banks of the Hudson River still called the Hook of Hoboken …

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] John Reading, Jr. (1915:93) was so leader of the Crosswicks Indian community, and King Tisheimpressed by the height of the present-day Kittatiny Ridge at the wakamin, better known as Tishcohan, a leader of Indians living at Delaware Water Gap that he launched into a flurry of adjectives that the Forks of Delaware), who signed the document as descendants Hills towering abo…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] in Haverstraw (see in New York above) into the Ramapo River (see below) at the hamlet of Mahwah in just south of the state line. The earliest known reference to an “Indian field called Maweway” appeared in the first Indian deed to land in the area signed on November 18, 1709 (New Jersey Archives, Liber I:319-321). Copies of the survey return for the deed completed six mon…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] land in northern New Jersey between 1657 and 1690. The 13-acre public park is presently maintained with the help of the Friends of Mindowaskin Park volunteer organization. MINISINK (Sussex County). Heckewelder (1834:359) thought that the Delaware word he spelled Menesink referred to “the habitation of the Minsi tribe of Delawares.” Whritenour thinks the name is a virtual …

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] S. Grumet they fell prey to demolition teams clearing land for the proposed Tocks Island Dam and Reservoir. Both the Fort Namanock archaeological site and Namanock Island presently are located in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area established after the dam project was cancelled. The hamlet of Normanook, located several miles southeast of Namanock Island in th…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] a township (estabNORMANOOK. See NAMANOCK lished in 1824) on the New Jersey side of the Delaware Water Gap absorbed into adjacent Hardwick in 1997 after Pahaquarry TownORATON (Essex County). Today’s Oraton Parkway is one of sev- ship’s permanent population dropped to 12 residents. eral places commemorating the memory of the sachem Oratam, a John Reading, Jr. (1915) first u…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] along the banks of what by then was known as the Saddle River in 1797. Paramus remained a quiet agricultural hamlet until burgeoning development stimulated by the success of local market gardens, whose economic importance is thought to have inspired the Garden State’s nickname, led local residents to incorporate their community as a borough in 1922 (Wardell 2009:76). PARS…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] Peenpack above Port Jervis (see in New York above) looked like a Dutch word, paanpach, “low, soft land or leased land.” Recent conferral of the name Paunpeck onto tiny Meadowlands Cromakill Creek in North Bergen almost certainly perpetuates the memory of the Paunpeck, a passenger ferry operating out of the Hoboken Terminal carried commuters to and from Manhattan until con…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] means “one who takes the outer layer off of something.” Preakness Mountain is a northern ridge of Second Watchung Mountain (see below) mostly located in Wayne Township at the northeastern corner of Passaic County. Early appearances of the name occurred in the forms Prekemis in 1735, Prakenas in 1766, and Preakness in 1771 (Wardell 2009:83-84). Today, the name adorns a mou…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] word, shkaakwus, “skunk.” He also finds that the name resembles a Delaware Indian word, sekake, “above,” perhaps in reference to the high hill that towers over the surrounding meadowlands at the present-day freestanding Town of Secaucus established in 1917. This peak, actually an ancient volBeyond Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet canic outcrop variously called Snake Mountain a…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] his name, sounded like a Delaware word meaning “the affable.” Delawares in Ohio gave the American Indian agent Colonel George Morgan the ceremonial name of Tamenend during the Revolutionary War. Citizens of the new American nation admiring qualities of amiability, honesty, and integrity attributed to the sachem, who they regarded as their country’s patron saint, establish…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] Liber 1:270[69] on verso). Today, the name most notably graces the three parallel ranges of the Watchung Mountains, Watchung Township in Union County, and the 2,000-acre Watchung Reservation built as a flagship facility by the semi-autonomous public commission whose members began acquiring land for the park in 1921. The Watchung Reservation became one of several public re…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] River and its branches flow from the City of Morristown past the hamlet of Whippany in Hanover Township. There, the main stem of the Whippany River forms the border between East Hanover and Parsippany-Troy Hills (see above) townships as it flows east to its junction with the Rockaway River (see above) just one mile from the place where the Rockaway’s waters fall into the …

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] South Branch of the Raritan River two miles below Clinton Township. The name was first mentioned as “a branch of Raritan River called Capooauling,” in the November 11, 1703, deed to a tract of land between the South Branch of the Raritan and the Delaware River (New Jersey Archives, Liber AAA:434-435). Indians may have used the short, level stretch of land between the head…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] spellings of both creek names may represent a kind of gentle corrective of an earlier undocumented surveyor’s error mistaking the adjoining separate drainages as parts of a single watershed. HOPATCONG (Morris and Sussex counties). Whritenour suggests that Hopatcong sounds similar to a Munsee word, (eenda) xwupeekahk, “(where) there is deep water or a lot of water.” Today,…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] surname unrelated to the Munsee leader. INDIAN LADDER (Warren County). Indian Ladder Cliff is located at the Delaware Water Gap in Knowlton Township. It first appeared in a reference to an Indian ladder (probably a deeply notched tree trunk) that John Reading, Jr. (1915:41) and his companions propped up on May 19, 1715, to clamber over a 20-foot-high rock blocking their p…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] Forks of Delaware following the Walking Purchase of 1737. More than a few of those who returned were converted to the Christian religion by the Presbyterian missionary brothers David and John Brainerd (see Brainerd above). The majority subsequently settled at the Brotherton Reservation (see Indian Mills above) established at Edgepillock in 1759. The small colonial hamlet …

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] towns of Woodbridge and Piscataway (New Jersey Archives, Liber 1:251[89]-250[90] on verso). People living in the settlement that grew up around Matockshoning subsequently used a variety of spellings that included Matuchen, Mettuchinge, and Metuchin when referring to their community. Newspapers read by Metuchen area residents containing reports of diplomatic efforts undert…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] at Allamuchy (see in New Jersey North above) and the Great Meadows. From there, it flows into Warren County past the 4,811-acre Pequest Wildlife Management Area to the Borough of Belvidere, where the on state maps. Reading’s description of Pophannuck as a considerable stream located about a mile below Penungachung Hill (see Manunka Chunk above), however, much more closely…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] talking about Seaman’s Neck and its neighboring creek in 1868 when they renamed their community Seaford in honor of Seaman’s hometown in England. A New York colonist named Nathan Cooper from eastern Long Island evidently first gave the name Roxiticus to the tract of land that he purchased at Mendham sometime between 1730 and 1740. The name of the community of Roxiticus, o…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] River at Prallsville. Several locales in the stream’s wahold Township, and several roads in the area. tershed are managed within the more than 21,000-acre WickBeyond Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet beginning with wick-, weck-, or watch- together with locative endings such as -oke, -ogue, or -ocky) in his 1738 map of the Walking Purchase. The name appeared as Wickhechecoke Cre…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] its present-day spelling as a locality particularly succulent Chingarora oysters from beds lying just be- in the Piles Grove Precinct in a will dated January 8, 1723 (State of yond the creek’s mouth that were prized by New York City gour- New Jersey 1880-1949 23:438). The locale was also identified as mands until pollution caused authorities to stop oyster fishing in “Cov…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] miles farther east claims to land in the province below a line running from the Raritan in 1759 (see Indian Mills below). Most, but not all, left New Jersey River westward to Lamington (see in New Jersey North above) and following the sale of Brotherton in 1801 by the time the New Jersey on to the Delaware Water Gap. In return, they agreed to accept a legislature passed a…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] another of the islands on the Pennsylvania 1880-1949 21:106). Luppatatong was a small shipbuilding commuside of the Delaware River across from the city of Trenton] on his nity during the 1800s. As in Chingarora mentioned earlier, the rep1655 map. The stream was later noted as Mohoppony’s Creek in a utation won by Luppatatong oysters grown in beds maintained in will dated …

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] County). Narraticon was among the Beyond Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet first Delaware place names documented in present-day southern New Jersey, appearing in some of the earliest Dutch maps of the region drafted during the 1630s (cf. Stokes 1915-1928 1: Color Plate 3, 39-40). English colonists subsequently noted that “Usquata sachem or prince of Narrattacus” was one of the …

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] unknown in the Americas before the coming of banks. the Europeans, Whritenour suggests that the Unami word may have originally referred to a similar-looking native wild root. PORT-AU-PECK (Monmouth County). Whritenour thinks that all Pennsauken Creek is a four-mile-long tidal tributary of the spellings of this place name sound very much like a Northern Delaware River form…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] into the June 5, 1665, Indian deed (Municipal Archives of New York City, Gravesend Town Records:74) to land at Navesink. Residents referred to their community as Waycake until Thomas Tanner erected a pier at the creek mouth that was subsequently known as Tanner’s Landing. Area tradition holds that local farmers bringing grain to be ground at Philips Mill located on banks …

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] and Swedish records as a term identifying Susquepurchase (Dunlap and Weslager 1961:283). Today, Alapocas Run hannock Indians. Present-day Appoquinimink and Christiana creeks is a one-half-mile-long stream that flows entirely through parkland were variously known as Minquas Creek or Kÿl during colonial into Brandywine Creek at the community of Alapocas just across times. T…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] deed to man, Naamans Road, and several other places in the area. Places land along the Mill Creek branch of the Christina River (in Weslager named Nummy (see in New Jersey South above) probably refer to 1964:27). The landowner gave his permission to establish what was the Delaware sachem. Others elsewhere, such as Naaman School initially called the Hocesion Meeting House …

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] deeds signed between December 20, 1754, and October 27, 1755 (Boyd and Taylor 1930-1971 1:196200; 260-271; 308-314). These sales occurred just as many Delawares, inspired by early French and Indian victories over the LACKAWAXEN (Pike County). Like Lackawack in New York, Heckewelder (1834:359) thought that Lackawaxen came from a Delaware Indian word, lechauwêksink, “the fo…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] Railroad tures in the surrounding area. laid tracks on the bridge built across the mouth of Masthope Creek in 1848. The post office that opened at the optimistically named NESQUEHONING (Carbon and Schuylkill counties). HeckDelaware Bridge community on the opposite bank of the river in ewelder (1834:358) translated the name Nesquehoning as a New York in 1849 transferred op…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] the Quakake Valley. source of the Lehigh River. Poxono Island on the Delaware River midway between Depew and Depue islands may be a kind of hybrid SAUCON (Lehigh and Northampton counties). Whritenour feels mixing Pocono with Paxinosa, the name of a prominent Shawnee certain that Heckewelder (1834:357, 360) correctly identified sachem who lived in the area. Pocono Point at…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] warriors against the British in 1755, a year after fighting broke out in western Pennsylvania that led to the last French and Indian War. The Delaware leader subsequently played a prominent part in treaty conferences mostly held at Easton between 1757 and 1762 that restored peace and adjudicated outstanding land disputes in the region. He became a supporter of the Pennsyl…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] of noted seventeenth-century sachem Ockanickon came from a Delaware Indian word, wôâkenícan, “an iron hook, pot hook.” Ockanickon was one of several brothers and other relatives, whose number included Sehoppy (Heckewelder thought that the latter man’s name may have come from the Delaware Indian words, schiwachpí, “tired or staying [in one place],” or schéyachbi, “along th…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] cite a statement made during the 1740s by Delaware leader Sassoonan (also called Allumapies; see Shamokin in Pennsylvania central in Part 2 below) recalling his attendance at Penn’s first meeting with the sachems at the Perkasie locale when he was a boy (in Myers 1970:83). Perkasie was an established colonial community called Perhaessing by its residents at the time Sasso…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] such in a patent to land in Kennet Township confirmed on October 23, key national symbols as the wampum belt said to have been pre1701 (Futhey and Cope 1881:179-180). The stream was subse- sented at the meeting, the elm treaty tree preserved until 1810 on quently noted as Pocaupsing Creek in a survey of land in the area land where the city of Philadelphia built Penn Treat…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] (see in Part 3). and early 1760s. Most of the Delawares living in these towns moved MONTOUR (Broome and Schuyler counties). The Town of Montour and the Village of Montour Falls bear the name of Catherine, sister of Esther Montour (see Queen Esther below) who became the leader of Catherine’s Town in Seneca Country at Montour Falls. A road named Montour Street located in th…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] of Salamanca in the Seneca Indian Alle- woman who became the prominent leader of a Delaware Indian gany Reservation bears the surname of the prominent Delaware community often referred to as Queen Esther’s Town after the death Beyond Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet 97 of her husband, the noted Munsee leader Egohohowen, at Wilawana (see below). A sister of Andrew Montour (see …

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] is the northeasternflowing 55-mile-long stream that runs past Milesburg to its junction with the West Branch of the Susquehanna River at the City of Lock Haven. The other is a southwestward-running ten-mile-long tributary of the Juniata River that rises just below the larger Bald Eagle spellings of this place name. 31-mile-long Aughwick Creek, its Little Aughwick Creek he…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] portion of a word that Dutch settlers used to call livestock (Kurath 1949:26). Kittatiny Mountain (see in New Jersey North and Pennsylvania A monument in the hamlet of Cherry Tree, located at the North in Part 1 above) is located in Franklin County. The Kittatiny mouth of Cush Cushion Creek, marks the location of Canoe Place, Mountain Tunnel carries the Pennsylvania Turnp…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] by Esther Montour, honors local Revolutionary War militia commander John Henry the wife and successor of prominent Munsee sachem Egohohowen, Antes. The Nippenose Valley was known as the Oval Limestone the community was burned in September 1778, by American miliValley in Gordon’s (1832:327) gazetteer. Nippenose also continues tiamen striking back against Indians in the are…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] a route linking the Wilawana locale (see in New York in Part 2 above) with the Borough of Sayre. WYALUSING (Bradford and Susquehanna counties). Heckewelder (1834:362) thought that Wyalusing came from a Delaware Indian word, m’chwihillúsink, “at the dwelling place of the hoary veteran.” In 1752, a group of Delaware families following the visionary Munsee leader Papounan se…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] streams.” The latter term comes from alligéwi, the name that Delaware Indian storytellers still use to identify the western country’s original long vanished inhabitants. Allegheny and its variant spelling Allegany (see in New York in Part 2 above) are very widespread Delaware Indian place names. The GNIS lists nearly 250 places bearing the name spelled one way or the othe…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] Creek at the City of Meadville. leader of the Wolf phratry. His son, whose Delaware name was Gelelemend, “he who takes the lead, or the leader” (Heckewelder CUSTALOGA (Mercer County). As mentioned above, Custaloga 1834:392-393), was a prominent Turtle phratry leader who sucwas the Iroquois name of the prominent Delaware Indian leader ceeded Netawatwees (see Newcomer in Oh…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] middle creek. A translation of “Middle river” for Loyalhanna can be formed by combining the Delaware word (1834:370) thought that the name of the stream he identified as Puckita came from the Delaware Indian word pachgita, “throw it away, abandon it.” It was subsequently noted as Pocketo’s Run and Poke Run on Howell’s map of 1792. Today, seven-mile-long Pucketa Creek and …

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] Nimhams were among the many Stockbridge Indian families who lost kinsmen who joined the Continental Army to fight against the British during the Revolutionary War. Finding themselves a minority in their own community after the war ended, most of the town’s Indian residents relocated to the New Stockbridge community (see in New York in Part 2 above) established on Oneida l…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] notable event. Particularly dense clusters of places named Delaware counties mark locales where Delawares lived with Shawnees, Nanticokes, Mingos, and other Indian expatriates on Miami Indian land along the upper reaches of the Maumee River (Tanner 1978). Many Delaware warriors from these communities followed their war leader Buckongkehelas (see Bokengehalas above), who t…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] years later, state authorities suspecting Greentown spring of 1782 to gather what they could from their fields and stor- Indians of pro-British sympathies forcibly removed its population age pits. On March 9, 1782, American militiamen who marched into at the beginning of the War of 1812. Local settlers soon set fire to the town the day before murdered all of the 96 Moravi…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet 125 Katotawa, identified as an old Indian hunter named Catotoway (in Howe 1907-1908 2:832), may either have been a Cherokee, or a man named after or for one of the many Cherokees who joined Indians in Ohio resisting American expansion during the late he called Mo-hon-ing along a river that he identified as “a wast [sic] branch of Beaver.” Hutch…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] that the name meant “clear eyes,” in reference to the clear King Beaver” (see in Pennsylvania West above) established his eyes of fish taken at the locale. Whritenour thinks that the present- town sometime before 1763. Heckewelder further thought that day spelling of Muskingum produces a name that sounds very much Nemoschili was an earlier name for the stream he knew as t…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] Erie County and Pipe Run, a Carroll County headwater banks of the modern-day Salt Fork. Whritenour thinks that stream of Sandy River, a tributary of the Tuscarawas River, are Hutchins’ Se-key-unck almost exactly matches the Northern Unami named for the Wolf phratry leader Kogieschquanohel, “causes day word sikeyunk, “salt place.” Today, the more than 20,000-acre Salt ligh…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] Vil- Ohio, by the name Buckchitawa and “Paugh-chase-wey’s or Sun lage State Memorial, managed by the Ohio Historical Society in the Fish Creek” (Hutchins’ 1764 itinerary in Hanna 1911 2:196). James City of New Philadelphia, preserves reconstructed log cabins and Rementer notes that Paugh-chase-wey sounds much like other structures erected within the archaeological footpri…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] a name that means “where the white nit (i.e., chestnut) trees grow” in Northern Unami and Munsee (McCafferty 2008:92-93), on land within the limits of the city that today bears his name. Moravians maintained what they called their Little Indian Congregation on the White River at a small mission settlement located three or four miles from Anderson’s Town between 1801 and 1…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] River” or “the white grave” (Luckenbach in Gipson 1938:24, 604). Wapicomekoke and the other towns along the West Fork of the White River were culturally diverse communities where Delawares lived alongside Nanticokes, Cherokees, Shawnees, and a number of French, English, and American traders. Its core constituent communities included Munsee Town, home of the principal Dela…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] the Battle of the Thames on October 5, 1813, during the War of 1812. Delawares moving into the new community they built across from its destroyed predecessor in 1815 christened the place New Fairfield. Their community, generally known as Moraviantown by the second quarter of the nineteenth century, is today officially identified as Moravian Indian Reserve No. 47. MUNCEY (…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] Reservation Indian land MOHICAN (Shawano County). The Immanuel-Mohican Lutheran (see below) allotted under the terms of the Dawes Act to individual Church was built on the shores of Mission Lake in Red Springs Indian families in 1910. The present-day Stockbridge-Munsee In- Township in 1901. The church continues to serve a diverse congredian Reservation was reestablished o…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] a tributary of the Red just north of the present-day Village of Stockbridge, contains the River that flows through Stockbridge-Munsee Indian Reservation final resting places of many Stockbridge-Munsee Indian people. land into Lower Red Lake at Gresham, bears the surname of a STOCKBRIDGE-MUNSEE (Shawano County). Many descenprominent Stockbridge-Munsee Indian family. dants …

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] may also hearken back to memories of Henry Hudson’s ship and the Half Moon community located at the mouth of the Mohawk River just north of Albany, New York. LENAPE (Leavenworth County). The name Lenape adorns a hamlet and a road and cemetery associated with the now largely defunct community situated on the north shore of the Kansas River on former Kansas Delaware Indian …

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] along Tonganoxie Creek, a tributary of the Kansas River, was built around the frame house that Tonganoxie operated as an inn that catered to passing travelers. The community named for him was platted just after the Delawares left for Indian Territory in 1866. The place was formally incorporated as a town two years later. Sandusky Road (see above in Ohio) in the town proba…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] people during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The son of a Munsee father and Mahican mother, John Henry Killbuck was a great grandson of Gelelemend, the eighteenth-century Delaware Indian leader known among the English as John Killbuck (see above in Indiana, Ohio, New York, and Pennsylvania West in Part 2). MOHICAN (Bethel Census Area). John Henry Killb…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] Conaskonk Circle is an im- Delaware word (it is actually Lakota), adorns the City of Minneola, port from New Jersey relocated to the Village of Royal Palm Beach. a number of places in and around adjoining Lake Minneola, a drive in the City of Lakeland, and a lane in the City of Dunnellon. CROSSWICKS (Duval and Orange counties). Crosswicks from New Jersey adorns streets in…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] (Allen and Wabash counties). Rockaway Drive in troops during the Revolutionary War. McCafferty (2008:160-161) the City of Fort Wayne and Rockaway Creek in Wabash County shows that the name resembles a Northern Unami term, *lexawí- both bear an imported name from New York. tank, “it fork-flows. ” SAND CREEK (Bartholomew, Decatur, Jackson, and Jennings counties). This place…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] the island” that closely resembles the Munsee place name Minisink (see in New York, New Jersey North, and Pennsylname from New York. vania North in Part 1). COSHOCTON (Oakland County). Coshocton Street in Waterford MUSKINGUM (Oakland County). Muskingum Drive is a transTownship is an import from Ohio. plant from Ohio located in the Waterford Township. CUSSEWAGO (Genesee Co…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] the Erie Lackawanna Railroad. a type of chestnut still called a chinquapin in English. CHINTEWINK (Warren County). Whritenour thinks that Chintewink sounds like a Delaware Indian word, tschinktewink, “on the south or sunny side of the mountains.” Uncorroborated local tradition holds that Chintewink was the name of a Lenape Indian village located in present-day Phillipsbur…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] Aspetuck became very popular in and around northern Westchester County in New York during the late 1800s. It survives there today as Aspetong Road in Bedford, Old Aspetong Road in Katonah (see above in New York in Part 1), Mount Aspetong in the Town of North Salem, and the still-remembered though since subdivided Aspetong Farm estate built in 1899 HOMOWACK (Ulster and Sul…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] Mineola is a vere,” and ubi, “to kill” (in Bright 2004:270). See Grumet shortened version the name of a Delaware chief named Minio- (2013:219) for further information. lagameka. Meniolagameka (Whritenour suggests it is a Munsee word for “oasis,” earlier translated by Heckewelder as a Delaware MUNSEY (Nassau County). The Village of Munsey Park was word for a “rich or good …

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] imported from its original locale in Pennsylvania to the Industry that surrendered the area to United States (Oklahoma State Ohio River Town of Gallipolis. University Library 1999-2000). Other local traditions celebrating Johnny Appleseed may have encouraged linkage of Pappellelond’s METUCHEN (Fairfield County). Metuchen Place is a transfer name with the English term appl…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] same name as influential Delaware sachem, Captain Pipe (also see above in Ohio in Part 2). The road is also located just a few miles south and west of the Hell Town expatriate Indian community on the Clear Fork of the Mohican River (see above in Ohio in Part 2) led by Captain Pipe during the early years of the American Revolution. Despite these facts, Pipesville Road bear…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] Susquehanna River. and Gibsonia, and streets in the cities of Harrisburg and Philadelphia. MAUNATOME (Susquehanna County). Although it may appear Delaware, the name of Maunatome Mountain, located just east of NAMANOCK (Monroe County). Namanock Trail (see Namanock the Borough of Hallstead at the Great Bend of the Susquehanna in New Jersey North in Part 1 above) is one of t…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] the Nicholas Scull noted Toamensing on his 1759 map in the area that City of Pittsburgh. Zinzendorf had called St. Anthony’s Wilderness. William Scull noted Toamensong in the same place in his 1770 revision of his faTAMMANY (Monroe County). Tammany Drive in the Arrowhead ther’s map. Today, the name adorns the Township of Towamensing Lake development bears the name of the …

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] J. P., and R. J. Taylor (Editors). 1930-1971. The Susquehan- raphical Sketches of its Prominent Men. J. B. Beers and Company, nah Company Papers, 1753- 1803. 11 Volumes. Wyoming Histor- New York. ical and Geological Society, Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania. Cooper, J. F. 1826. The Last of the Mohicans: A Narrative of 1757. Brainerd, T. 1865. The Life of John Brainerd, the Brot…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] Edited by H. C. Kraft, 1654-1658. New Netherlands Documents Series 12. Syracuse Uni- pp. 223-231. Occasional Publications in Northeastern Anthropology 11. Bethlehem, Connecticut. versity Press, Syracuse, New York. Gill, H. B., and G. M. Curtis (Editors). 2009. A Man Apart: The Grumet, R. S. 1992. The Nimhams of the Colonial Hudson Valley, Journal of Nicholas Cresswell, 17…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] Inskeep and Klett, J. R. (Compiler). 1996. Genealogies of New Jersey Families from the Genealogical Magazine of New Jersey. Clearfield PublishBradford, New York. ing Company, Baltimore. Jameson, J. F. (Editor). 1909. Narratives of New Netherland, 1609Kraft, H. C. 1995. The Dutch, the Indians, and the Quest for Cop1664. C. Scribner’s Sons, New York. per: Pahaquarry and the…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] a Middle Industrial Landscape in Nineteenth-Century Pennsylvania. Unpubletin C 48. Harrisburg. lished Doctoral Dissertation, Department of History, West Virginia Miller, J. 1989. The Early Years of Watomika (James Bouchard): University. Morgantown. Delaware and Jesuit. American Indian Quarterly 13:165-188. Oberly, J. W. 2005. A Nation of Statesmen: The Political Culture o…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] Long Island from Warren History 1:2-4. Earliest Times to 1700. Empire State Books, Interlaken, New York. Smith, J. M. 2000. The Highland King Nimhammaw and the Native Proprietors of Land in Dutchess County, N.Y.: 1712-1765. Hudson Sullivan, J., et al. (Editors). 1921-1965. The Papers of Sir William Johnson. 15 Volumes. University of the State of New York. Albany. Valley R…

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] York State Museum Record 5 March 2016 © 2016 The New York State Education Department Published in the United States of America NEW YORK AMAWALK Replace the first sentence of the entry on page 7 with: Whritenour thinks Appamaghpogh, the name of a place mentioned in the August 24 1683 Indian deed to land in the present-day town of Somers (in Robert Bolton 1881 1:86-87), sou…