[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] along the banks of what by then was known as the Saddle River in 1797. Paramus remained a quiet agricultural hamlet until burgeoning development stimulated by the success of local market gardens, whose economic importance is thought to have inspired the Garden State’s nickname, led local residents to incorporate their community as a borough in 1922 (Wardell 2009:76). PARSIPPANY (Morris County). Whritenour thinks that Parsippany sounds like the locative form, *paasihpunung, “place of swollen tubers,” of the Munsee word paasihpuni, “of swollen tubers.” Parsippany is presently the name of a community, a lake, several roads, and a number of other places in Parsippany-Troy Hills Township. John Reading, Jr. (1915:35) first recorded the name in the form of Perseapany in an April 21, 1715, entry in his survey book. Gordon (1834:203-204) noted what he spelled as “Parsipany” as both the name of a creek (one of today’s more southerly headwaters of Troy Brook), and as the name of a small farming and iron-making community on the creek’s shores. Parsippany became one of the many places along the Central Railroad of New Jersey main line that grew into popular tourist resorts during the late 1800s. Losing clientele to newer resorts located farther west in the Poconos, owners of summer bungalow colonies in Parsippany remodeled their cottages into year-round homes. These were purchased by families of workers drawn to employment opportunities in factories opened in and around the area. The increasingly densely populated district was incorporated as Parsippany-Troy Hills Township in 1928. PASCACK (Bergen County). Whritenour thinks that Pascack sounds like a shortened version of a Munsee expression, (eenda) skapaskahk, “(where) there is wet grass.” Pascack Brook is an 11mile-long stream that flows south from its headwaters in New York near Spring Valley. From there, it runs past the 97-acre Pascack Valley Town Park into New Jersey, where it passes through several localities and parks to the place where its waters fall into the Hackensack River at Oradell. Early references to Pascack include mention of a Peskeckie Creek in an Indian deed dated October 16, 1684 (State of New Jersey 1880-1949 21:73), identification of an “Indian field called Pascaik” in a November 11, 1709, survey return (New Jersey Archives, Liber I:321-322), and notation of a river called Pasqueek in the May 9, 1710, Indian deed to land in the area the Hudson River across from Manhattan, was completed by its first owner, the Hackensack and New York Railroad, in 1856. Ownership passed through several private companies until the Erie Lackawanna Railroad turned the line over to Conrail in 1976. Conrail, in turn, transferred operational control of the Pascack Valley route over to New Jersey Transit in 1993. PASSAIC (Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Morris, Passaic, Somerset, and Union counties). Whritenour thinks it almost certain that the meaning of the Delaware Indian words pasaic and pasáiek, which Heckewelder (1834:375) first translated as “valley,” is reproduced in their Munsee cognate, pahsaayeek. Nora Thompson Dean (in Kraft and Kraft 1985:45) provided the same translation for a Southern Unami word, pahsaëk. Today, the name most prominently adorns the 91mile-long Passaic River, the City of Passaic, and many places located in and around the Passaic River valley’s 935-square-mile watershed in north-central New Jersey. Fast-running Passaic River feeder streams, such as the Pequannock, Pompton, Ramapo, and Rockaway rivers (see below), flow through the valley’s mountainous upper reaches. Lower tributaries of the river, such as Loantaka Brook (see above) and the Whippany River (see below), flow into the shallow bowl-shaped marsh-filled depression left by the receding waters of glacial Lake Passaic at the end of the last Ice Age. The Passaic River was first mentioned in colonial records up their community’s original name, Acquackanonk (see above), until 1873. The City of Passaic carried on the valley’s reputation as a center for heavy industrial production well into the post-World War II era. A symbol of the decline that set in during the 1960s, Passaic and the other old industrial cities of the Passaic Valley are currently reinventing themselves as multi-cultural mixed residential and light industrial communities. Beyond Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet PAUNPECK (Hudson County). Whritenour thinks Paunpeck may come from a Munsee word, *paanupeekw, “wide water.” Ruttenber (1906a:225) thought that the place named Peenpack above Port Jervis (see in New York above) looked like a Dutch word, paanpach, “low, soft land or leased land.” Recent conferral of the name Paunpeck onto tiny Meadowlands Cromakill Creek in North Bergen almost certainly perpetuates the memory of the Paunpeck, a passenger ferry operating out of the Hoboken Terminal carried commuters to and from Manhattan until construction of the Holland and Lincoln tunnels terminated the service. PEQUANNOCK (Morris, Passaic, and Sussex counties). Heckewelder (1834:375) thought that the name that he spelled Pequonock came from a Delaware Indian word, pekhánne, “dark river.” Whritenour thinks that Pequannock sounds more