[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] the location of deed dated September 6, 1700 (Marshall et al. 1962-1978 2:132, Nechtank, an overnight camp catering to Indians visiting nearby 161). New Amsterdam that was operated by a local sachem named Numerus. It became one of two places where lower Hudson River InCOCHECTON (Sullivan County). Heckewelder (1834:362) dians (the other was Pavonia, today’s Jersey City), taking refuge thought that Cochecton sounded much like gischiéchton, Delaware under promised Dutch protection from a Mohawk or Mahican raid, for “finished, completed.” Today, Cochecton is the name of several were treacherously murdered by soldiers and armed settlers ordered municipalities clustered around a stretch of level lowlands on the out by Dutch Governor Kieft on the night of February 25-26, 1643. New York shore of the upper Delaware River valley. New Yorkers At least 120 people, mostly women, children, and elders, were killed began settling around a place they called Cushetunk on their side in the attacks which led to the bloodiest phase of Governor Kieft’s of the river across from the site of the former Delaware Indian Town War that devastated the Indian communities around New Amsterof Cochecton in present-day Damascus in Pike County (see in Penn- dam. Iroquois and River Indians subsequently ceremonially adsylvania North in Part 1 below) shortly after the end of the Revolu- dressed English governors of New York as Corlaer to honor the tionary War. People flooded into and through the area following memory of respected frontier go-between Arendt van Corlaer, a completion of the Cochecton-Newburgh Turnpike that linked the bearer of the family name who drowned in Lake Champlain while upper Delaware Valley to the Hudson River in 1810. on a diplomatic mission to Canada in 1667. The hamlet’s maturation into a village was signaled by the opening of a post office bearing the name Cochecton in 1811. The COXING (Ulster County). Whritenour thinks that Coxing sounds community that developed around the post office became the nu- very much like a Munsee word, *kooksung, “place of leaf-eating cleus of the Town of Cochecton established in 1828. In 1853, worms, i.e., caterpillars.” Today, Coxing Kill is an 11-mile-long Cochecton became a center for railroad business on the Delaware, mountain stream that runs north across the heights of the ShawanLackawanna, and Western line (later called the Erie Lackawanna gunks (see below) from its headwaters at Lake Minnewaska (see in Railroad). Two other hamlets in the town, East Cochecton and New York in Part 3) through the Mohonk Preserve (see below) to Cochecton Center, were also established around this time. Other its junction with Rondout Creek just west of the community of places in the area still bearing the name include the Old Cochecton Rosendale. Coxing Kill was first mentioned in an April 19, 1700, Cemetery, the Cochecton Presbyterian Church and Railroad Station, Indian deed to a tract of land called Kochsinck on the west bank of and the Cochecton Center Methodist Episcopal Church. New York Rondout Creek near Rosendale (New York State Library, Indorsed State Routes 17K and 17M follow much of the Cochecton-New- Land Papers 2:276). Builders have regarded a fine-grained limeburgh Turnpike’s old right of way. A local road running between stone, known as Coxing Stone, as a superior raw material for conNarrowsburg and Yulan named Cochecton Turnpike Road in honor crete, paving stones, and related products since colonial miners of the old thoroughfare does not follow any part of its namesake’s began sinking shafts into the bluffs rising up behind Rosendale just original route. Etymologically similar versions of the name occur across from the place where the Coxing Kill spills into Rondout in such forms as Cushetunk (see in New Jersey South in Part 1 Creek. below) and Coshocton (see in Ohio in Part 2 below) CROTON (Bronx, Putnam, and Westchester counties). The name COPIAGUE (Suffolk County). Whritenour thinks that Copiague Croton first appeared in New York provincial records as a stream sounds like a pidgin Delaware word, *copyak, “horses.” Copiague identified as the Scroton River in the October 19, 1696, Indian deed is the name of a hamlet in the southwestern part of the Town of to land in the present-day Croton River valley abstracted in Robert Babylon. The area was the scene of a lengthy colonial land dispute Bolton (1881 1:362-363). It was again mentioned as Scrotons River between Oyster Bay town settlers, who claimed that the lands be- in the same general area in an August 4, 1705, land sale document longed to their Massapequa Indian clients (see below), and Hunt- (New York State Library, Indorsed Land Papers 4:58). The name ington townsfolk who purchased the lands from the Montaukett was subsequently given to the present-day Croton River. Local legIndians. The name itself first appeared in colonial records as a neck ends claim that Croton was the name of an otherwise undocumented