[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] branch and the community that it served. The name did not totally disappear in the area, however. Manetto Hill survives today the same way that same year on the Velasco map discovered in the early twentieth century in Spanish archives. Manahata on the map was located on the west side of the present-day Hudson River across from Manahatin on the river’s east bank (no island is depicted). This 16 map, represented and regarded since its discovery as a spy map based on information culled from Henry Hudson’s since-lost journal, may be a forgery (see Allen 2006, but also see Goddard 2010:279nn.6). Manhattan is also one of the very few Munsee place names that has never been removed from regional maps. Even New York, whose history is inseparably intertwined with Manhattan’s, only first appeared on regional maps in 1664 and, unlike Manhattan, was removed by Dutch authorities who briefly reconquered the region in 1673 (its replacement, New Orange, lasted little more than a year). The name appeared in a substantial number of different forms during colonial times. These included Mahatans, Manachatas, Manados, Manate, Manathus, Manhatesen, Munnatous (Grumet 1981:24), as well as Mannington in New Jersey. manahachtanienk, “island where we all became intoxicated.” Heckewelder, who often associated Delaware Indian words beginning with man- or mana- with drinking, based the latter translation on an undocumented Delaware Indian tradition recorded two centuries after Hudson’s voyage recounting their ancestors’ reaction after seeing one of their number suddenly revive after falling dead following a drink from a cup proffered by a Manitou said in the story to be Hudson. Two other translations of Manhattan also come from Delaware Indian sources. I have always favored the simple translation “island,” based on the Southern Unami word mënating, suggested by Nora Thompson Dean and others. Linguist Ives Goddard (2010) champions nineteenth-century Canadian Munsee Delaware Indian writer, scholar, and fluent Munsee-speaker Albert Anthony’s etymology of man-ă-hă-tonh, “the place where timber is procured for bows and arrows,” obtained from his elders. Goddard (2010:288) uses Heckewelder’s (1841:73) Mahican attestation of manhatouh as a name “owing or given in consequence of a kind of wood which grew there, and of which the Indians used to make their bows and arrows” to independently confirm Anthony’s etymology. Working with these timber-based interpretations, Whritenour suggests that Manhattan may more directly represent a Munsee word, *manaxhatiin, “many people are cutting wood.” Whatever its original form or meaning, the three documented interpretations presented by Delawares or people familiar with their language provide a telling example of the polysemic character of names and naming. Manhattan’s status as one of the world’s best-known and most widely adopted Delaware Indian place name is reflected in the nearly 360 entries for Manhattan in 28 states listed in the GNIS. Those appearing in Part 3 of this book range from names of major cities like Manhattan, Kansas to obscure Alaskan waterways such as Manhattan Arm and Manhattan Lake on the state’s southern coast not owe their existence to the island. They instead bear names meant to inspire associations with the fashionable late nineteenth-century Manhattan Beach resort on Brooklyn’s Coney Island frequented by wealthy vacationers decades before the place became the destination of choice for New York City’s working classes. MANITOU (Putnam County). Whritenour notes that the modern spelling of places named Manitou in New York sounds much like the Munsee word manutoow, “spirit being.” The cluster of places named Manitou and Manitoga in the hamlet of Garrison, bear the name of an Indian man identified as Mantion in a deed to land in the area dated July 13, 1683 (Budke 1975a:53-55). The same person may probably have signed another deed to land some 30 miles farther west at Ramapo (see below) in 1710 as Manito (New Jersey Archives, Liber I:317-319). Although direct data are lacking, this man’s name probably meant méeneet, “drunkard,” in Munsee (see Manetto above). Garrison residents, evidently regarding Mantion as another spelling of Manitou, gave the latter form of the name to their village, to a nearby 774-foot-high mountain, and to a prominent point of land jutting into the Hudson River. Pioneering industrial designer Russel Wright gave an altered form of the name of his own invention that combined Manitou with the last part of the name of fashionable Saratoga to the 75-acre Manitoga estate he built in Garrison in 1941. Manitoga presently houses the Russel Wright Design Center next door to the 137-acre Manitou Point Nature Preserve. MANNAYUNK (Orange County). Five-mile-long Mannayunk Kill flows into the west bank of the Wallkill River just west of the present-day Village of Montgomery. Surveyor Peter E. Gumaer, who noted the stream as Mononcks Kill in a survey entry made on May 4, 1809, identified the creek as Menonks Kill in another note penned six days later (Ogden 1983:43, 45). An Ulster County