[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] a lengthy colonial land dispute Bolton (1881 1:362-363). It was again mentioned as Scrotons River between Oyster Bay town settlers, who claimed that the lands be- in the same general area in an August 4, 1705, land sale document longed to their Massapequa Indian clients (see below), and Hunt- (New York State Library, Indorsed Land Papers 4:58). The name ington townsfolk who purchased the lands from the Montaukett was subsequently given to the present-day Croton River. Local legIndians. The name itself first appeared in colonial records as a neck ends claim that Croton was the name of an otherwise undocumented “commonly called by the Indians Coppiage” in a March 8, 1666, sachem. Engineers designing and building the massive cut stone settlers’ deed to land in the area (in C. Street 1887-1889 1:84). The works for the New York City water supply system’s Croton Reser10 Beyond Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet voir, Dam, and Aqueduct during the early nineteenth century may have more closely associated the word with the imposing Greek and Roman constructions in southern Italy at Crotone (Crotona in Latin). Whether the name is Munsee, Greek, or Latin, it was given to the village at the river’s mouth christened Croton-on-Hudson. Admiration for the engineering feat represented by the Croton system helped the name travel widely. Adopted in New Jersey (see in Section 3) and elsewhere, it came to the Borough of the Bronx, where its Latin form has adorned Crotona Park and Crotona Parkway since the early decades of the twentieth century. DANSKAMMER (Orange County). Danskammer is a Dutch name meaning “dance chamber,” given to a flat sheet of rock on the banks of the Hudson River that colonists noted as a place where Indians were seen holding celebrations. Although the name is often attributed to Henry Hudson, Fried (2005:116) shows that the seafaring Dutch patroon (manor lord) David Petersz de Vries made the first recorded reference to the place in a journal entry noting what he said were riotous Indian celebrations at what he called the Danskammer on April 26, 1640. Fried further notes that another Dutchman writing nearly a quarter of a century later during the Esopus War observed that “Indians [at Danskammer] made a great uproar every night, firing guns and kintekaying [a Delaware trade jargon word for dancing].” Colonist Luis Moses Gomez built his fieldstone mill house, the oldest extant Jewish residence in North America, near the Danskammer between 1710 and 1714. His property was ultimately purchased by a wealthy local farmer named Edward Armstrong, who built his Armstrong Mansion at Danskammer Point in 1834. Acquired in 1874 by the owner of the local brickworks, the building was subsequently demolished to increase room available marks a number of municipalities, bodies of water, roads, and other features in Delaware and Sullivan counties as well as other areas within the Delaware homeland in downstate New York. Also see the entry for Delaware in listings for place names where members of the nation lived in exile in parts of western New York and other places far from their original homeland in Part 2 of this book. ESOPUS (Greene and Ulster counties). Goddard (1978:237; personal communication, 2012) thinks that Esopus is a pidgin word for river whose Munsee form was apparently sọ̣́ psi w or wsó psi w, “person from sópəs.” Whritenour’s analysis of an early orthography of Esopus, Sypous, evidently recorded by someone who spoke Dutch (the language has no palatalized s like the English sh) indicates that the name comes from a Munsee word, shiipoosh, “little river.” Words sharing similar etymologies with Esopus occur elsewhere. Sepoose, the now-defunct name of a small stream in Beyond Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet Monmouth County, New Jersey, was mentioned in an August 24, 1674, Indian deed (New Jersey Archives, Liber 1:271[68]-270[69] on verso). Another place called Aesopecka was noted as the deep rocky gorge below the reservoir barrage. From there, the creek meanders across the broad flats where the Late Woodland ancestors of the historic Esopus Indians located many of their settlements. Passing the City of Kingston, the Esopus turns north paralleling the Hudson River for ten miles to the place where it falls into the Hudson River at Saugerties. Archaeological evidence excavated from sites along the creek around Hurley and Kingston corroborates colonial accounts of intensive Indian settlements along the lower course of the creek first noted in a Dutch map drawn in 1616. Violent encounters between Indians and settlers in the area between 1658 and 1664, and the Nicolls Treaty made in 1665 (named for English governor Richard Nicolls, who presided over the treaty that established a framework for lasting peace in the area after seizing New Netherland) helped secure a place for the Esopus nation in the memories of successive generations of mid-Hudson Valley residents. Less well-remembered are the