[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] portion of a word that Dutch settlers used to call livestock (Kurath 1949:26). Kittatiny Mountain (see in New Jersey North and Pennsylvania A monument in the hamlet of Cherry Tree, located at the North in Part 1 above) is located in Franklin County. The Kittatiny mouth of Cush Cushion Creek, marks the location of Canoe Place, Mountain Tunnel carries the Pennsylvania Turnpike through Kitthe spot where present-day Cambria, Clearfield, and Indiana coun- tatiny Mountain just 600 feet west of the turnpike’s Blue Mountain MONTOUR (Lycoming and Montour counties). Montour County, Montour Ridge, and the City of Montoursville are three of several places in Pennsylvania that bear the surname of a French CanadianIroquois family whose members played influential roles as Indian leaders and frontier diplomats during the eighteenth century. One member of the family, Esther Montour, became the leader of a substantial Delaware Indian community on the Tioga Flats (see below) at the junction of the Chemung (see above) and Susquehanna rivers just below the Borough of Athens. Originally part of Sheshequin (see below), the place became known as Queen Esther’s Town (see below) following the death of her Munsee husband. Several other members of the family also took Delaware spouses at one time or another. One of these, a son of Esther’s sister Margaret named MUNCY (Lycoming and Sullivan counties). A number of places Montgomery Montour, became an important Delaware leader (see bearing the name Muncy along and around 36-mile-long Muncy Green in Ohio below) during the early 1800s. Creek and its Little Muncy Creek tributary at the eastern end of the West Branch of the Susquehanna River mark a major center of midMOOSE (Clearfield County). Whritenour notes that the English eighteenth-century Munsee Indian occupation. These include the word moose comes from an Eastern Algonquian antecedent that Borough of Muncy (organized in 1826), the townships of Muncy sounded much like the Southern Unami word mus, “elk.” The five- (established in 1772) and Muncy Creek (split off from Muncy mile-long Moose Creek that flows into the Clearfield River (see Township in 1797), Muncy Station, the Muncy Reservoir, and the above) at the Borough of Clearfield, and Moose Run, a small stream Muncy Hills. that flows north from its headwaters above Moose Creek northwest into the Bennett Branch of the Sinnemahoning River (see below) at NESCOPECK (Columbia and Luzerne counties). Heckewelder 104 Beyond Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet (1834:361) thought that Nescopeck sounded like a Delaware Indian word, næskchöppeek, “blackish, deep, and still water.” His colleague John Ettwein wrote that the name of the place he identified as Nescopec on June 15, 1772 signified “a deep nasty hole.” (in Jordan 1901:209). Whritenour thinks that Nescopeck sounds similar to a Munsee word, niiskpeek, “that which is wet.” The name Nescopeck first appeared on November 21, 1740, when Pennsylvania provincial secretary James Logan noted that Forks Indian leader Nutimus (see Netimus in Pennsylvania North in Part 1) and his people had withdrawn behind what he identified as the “mountain called Neshameck” after being evicted from their lands in the Lehigh Valley (American Philosophical Society, Logan Papers 4:71-72). Today, the name continues to adorn the 20mile-long Nescopeck Mountain ridge, 38-mile-long Nescopeck Creek (identified by that name on Howell’s 1792 map), the Little Nescopeck Creek A and B tributaries south of Nescopeck Mountain, NIPPENOSE (Clinton County). Heckewelder (1834:363) thought the name more properly came from what “the Indians call diathat Nippenose resembled a Delaware Indian word, nipenowis, sig- dachlu (the lost or bewildered) which in fact deserves such a name” nifying “like unto the summer, warm situation.” The name first ap- (Muhlenberg 1853a:9). peared as Nipenoses Creek on the 1770 William Scull map. Places spelled Nepanoses Creek, Nepanose Valley, and Nepanose Town- QUEEN ESTHER (Bradford County). A stretch of lowlands in the ship appeared on Howell’s map of 1792. community of Milan just below the mouth of the Chemung River Today, Nippenose Springs lies at the head of the Antes on the west bank of the Susquehanna River named Queen Esther’s Creek, the present-day name of the lower course of Howell’s Flats marks the location of a predominantly Delaware Indian comNepanoses Creek (the upper reach is called Rauchtown Run) that munity known as Queen Esther’s Town. Led by Esther Montour, honors local Revolutionary War militia commander John Henry the wife and successor of prominent Munsee sachem Egohohowen, Antes. The Nippenose Valley was known as the Oval Limestone the community was burned in September 1778, by American miliValley in Gordon’s (1832:327) gazetteer. Nippenose also continues tiamen striking back against Indians in the area who killed and to grace the township of the same name, much reduced from origi- drove away settlers following the battle of Wyoming earlier that nal bounds set up in 1786 that encompassed the entire Nippenose summer. Valley. The name Nippenose also adorns the 1,883-foot-high