[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] by Esther Montour, honors local Revolutionary War militia commander John Henry the wife and successor of prominent Munsee sachem Egohohowen, Antes. The Nippenose Valley was known as the Oval Limestone the community was burned in September 1778, by American miliValley in Gordon’s (1832:327) gazetteer. Nippenose also continues tiamen striking back against Indians in the area who killed and to grace the township of the same name, much reduced from origi- drove away settlers following the battle of Wyoming earlier that nal bounds set up in 1786 that encompassed the entire Nippenose summer. Valley. The name Nippenose also adorns the 1,883-foot-high Nippenose Mountain overlooking the valley and Nippenose Road that QUENSHUKENY (Lycoming County). Heckewelder (1834:363) runs through the valley’s center. thought that present-day five-mile-long Quenshukeny Run sounded like quenischâchacki, a word derived from que-nisch-achach-gekNITTANY (Centre County). Nittany was first noted at its current hanne, a Delaware name for the “long reach in the west branch [of location on William Scull’s 1770 and Howell’s 1792 maps. Today, the Susquehanna River] below the Big Island” that he suggested sides of the Susquehanna River at what Howell identified as the Shesheken Flats in his map of 1792. Residents soon gave the name Ulster to the township they erected in the area. People building homes on the west side of the river called their hamlet Old Sheshequin to distinguish it from more vigorously growing New Sheshequin on the east bank. West-siders finally adopted the town name of Ulster after neighbors at Old Sheshequin on the opposite bank adopted the name of Sheshequin to adorn the township they established in 1820. Beyond Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet SHICKSHINNY (Luzerne County). Whritenour thinks that Shickshinny sounds very much like the Munsee word nzukasuni, “black stone,” referring to coal rather than the iron alluded to in the similar place name Succasunna (see in New Jersey North in Part 1). Ninemile-long Shickshinny Creek appeared as Shecsheny Creek on John Adlum’s map of 1791 and as Shicshenny Creek one year later on Howell’s map. Howell also noted a hill that he identified as Fishing Creek Knob at the present-day location of Shickshinny Mountain. The community of Shickshinny, built at the mouth of Shickshinny Creek during the early nineteenth-century (Gordon 1832:415), became a coal-mining, canal, and railroad community Today, the name Tioga in Pennsylvania adorns Tioga Point at the confluence of the Chemung and Susquehanna rivers in Bradford County. The densest cluster of places bearing the name Tioga in Pennsylvania is located in Tioga County just west of the Bradford County line. These places include the northward-flowing 58-milelong Tioga River, the Tioga Reservoir, the 161,890-acre Tioga State Forest, and the Borough of Tioga (organized in 1798). TIONESTA (Forest County). Another Iroquois name for a place, this one along a stretch of the Allegheny River, where several Delaware communities were located during the 1760s. These included the mostly Munsee town of Goshgoshing, established around 1765 at the mouth of Tionesta Creek where the Moravians set up a mission in 1767, the two Hickory Towns (see above) located opposite one another eight miles farther up the Allegheny River, and Lawunakhannek, on the west side of the river where the Moravians briefly relocated their Goshgoshing mission in 1769 before moving again to Kuskuskys one year later. Most of the Munsees living at SUSQUEHANNA. Whritenour notes that the name borne by the Tionesta moved north to the Seneca community of Cattaraugus (see Susquehanna River and Iroquoian-speaking Susquehannock Indian in New York above) in 1791. Many of these people subsequently nation, whose homeland centered along the river’s banks, sounds joined Senecas who moved to the Six Nations Reserve in Ontario. like a Delaware Indian word referring to “muddy water.” The precise origin of the name and its exact etymology, however, remain TOWANDA (Bradford County). Heckewelder (1834:362) thought unclear. The U.S. Board on Geographic Names GNIS contains 91 that Towanda was a Delaware name, tawundeunk, “the burial place entries for this place name in ten states. More than half of these en- or where we inter the dead,” for a locale where refugee Nanticoke tries are located in Pennsylvania. Indians originally from Maryland gathered together and reburied Beyond Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet WILAWANA (Bradford County). Wilawana Road follows a route linking the Wilawana locale (see in New York in Part 2 above) with the Borough of Sayre. WYALUSING (Bradford and Susquehanna counties). Heckewelder (1834:362) thought that Wyalusing came from a Delaware Indian word, m’chwihillúsink, “at the dwelling place of the hoary veteran.” In 1752, a group of Delaware families following the visionary Munsee leader Papounan settled at the abandoned site of a town formerly inhabited by Siouan-speaking Tutelo Indian refugees from southern Virginia. The town site was located in Wyalusing Township (organized in 1790) within the present-day Borough of Wyalusing (erected in 1887) where the 19-mile-long Wyalusing Creek