[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] is the northeasternflowing 55-mile-long stream that runs past Milesburg to its junction with the West Branch of the Susquehanna River at the City of Lock Haven. The other is a southwestward-running ten-mile-long tributary of the Juniata River that rises just below the larger Bald Eagle spellings of this place name. 31-mile-long Aughwick Creek, its Little Aughwick Creek headwater, and the present-day communities of Aughwick and Aughwick CAPOUSE (Lackawanna County). Colonists moving onto the land Mills along the main stem of the stream in Shirley Township. that was formerly the site of a large Lackawanna River valley MunBALD EAGLE (Blair, Centre, Clinton, Huntington, Mifflin, Sny- see Indian town led by Kappus, the Dutch nickname of an influenAPOLACON. See APALACHIN Beyond Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet 99 tial Delaware Indian sachem (see in New Jersey Central in Part 1 above), selected this spelling of the name for their settlement. They changed the name to Providence in 1770. A since-drained reservoir at the locale was also named for the sachem. Today, Scranton’s Capouse Avenue and Capouse Mountain in nearby Scott Township preserve the memory of the Munsee sachem in the Lackawanna Valley. CATAWISSA (Columbia, Luzerne, and Schuylkill counties). Heckewelder (1834:360) thought that Catawissa sounded much like a Delaware Indian word, gatawísi, “becoming fat,” in reference to deer shot “along the creek in the season when deer fatten” (in Reichel 1872:18). The name was first mentioned in a May 28, 1728, message from worried Indians living at Catawasse expressing the hope that their old friendship with the Pennsylvanians had not been threatened by the outbreaks of violence involving Indians and colonists throughout the region between 1727 and 1728 (State of Creek in papers incorporating Greenwood Township dated March 25, 1767 (Hain 1922:967). Today, the uppermost branches of 22mile-long Cocolamus Creek flow from the south-facing slopes of Shade Mountain to the place where they join together at the hamlet of Cocolamus. From there, the main stem of Cocolamus Creek passes through gaps in the ridges separating the narrow Slim, Black Dog, and Pfoutz valleys before falling into the Juniata River at the Borough of Millertown. River. This tract had been purchased from the Iroquois by Penn proprietary agents during a treaty meeting at Fort Stanwix held on November 5, 1769. Local traditions indicate that those who originally put Cush on the map evidently regarded it as a Delaware Indian word for bear. The form of the name in the shape of Cush Cushion, however, is very reminiscent of Kuskusky, the name of the well-known Delaware Indian towns that clustered around the Forks of the Shenango River (see in Pennsylvania West below) at and around the present-day City of New Castle. Other places named Cushion located elsewhere, such as Cushion Peak, a high point near Wernersville just west of the City below). From there, it flows northeast and through a gap in the Blue Mountain ridge into lower lying rolling piedmont country. The GREAT ISLAND (Clinton County). Heckewelder (1834:363) stream then pursues a twisting course as it runs past Carlisle and wrote that the name of today’s Great Island in the City of Lock Camp Hill to the place where it debouches into the Susquehanna Haven, was an English translation of a Delaware place name, River just across from downtown Harrisburg. mêcheek menáthey. Great Island was one of several places in the area also known as Big Island during colonial times. First noted by CUSH CUSHION (Cambria, Clearfield, and Indiana counties). its current name in 1739 (State of Pennsylvania 1838-1935, PennWhritenour thinks that Cush Cushion sounds very much like the sylvania Archives, Colonial Records 4:342), Great Island was the Northern Unami word goschgoschink, “place of hogs.” The com- locale of towns built by Munsee and other expatriate Indian people munities of Cush Creek, Cush, and Cush Cushion (formerly Cush on and around the flats surrounding the island where Bald Eagle Cushion Crossing) located near the heads of identically named Creek (see above) flows into the West Branch of the Susquehanna neighboring streams that flow into the uppermost reaches of the River. West Branch of the Susquehanna River, bear anglicized versions of the Delaware place name. The name’s origin may come from kush, KITTATINY (Franklin County). The southwesternmost portion of a word that Dutch settlers used to call livestock (Kurath 1949:26). Kittatiny Mountain (see in New Jersey North and Pennsylvania A monument in the hamlet of Cherry Tree, located at the North in Part 1 above) is located in Franklin County. The Kittatiny mouth of Cush Cushion Creek, marks the location of Canoe Place, Mountain Tunnel carries the Pennsylvania Turnpike through Kitthe spot where present-day Cambria, Clearfield, and Indiana coun- tatiny Mountain just 600 feet west of the turnpike’s Blue Mountain MONTOUR (Lycoming and Montour counties). Montour County, Montour Ridge, and the City of Montoursville are three of