[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] land in northern New Jersey between 1657 and 1690. The 13-acre public park is presently maintained with the help of the Friends of Mindowaskin Park volunteer organization. MINISINK (Sussex County). Heckewelder (1834:359) thought that the Delaware word he spelled Menesink referred to “the habitation of the Minsi tribe of Delawares.” Whritenour thinks the name is a virtual dead ringer for a Munsee word, *munusung, “at the island, or place of islands.” Goddard (2010:278nn.3) states that the Munsee-language word mënë’sënk, “at or on the mënës,” is the origin of the name Munsee, më’ n’siiw (mwë’nssi, in Unami), “person of mënës.” He further suggests that mënës may be an old Delaware In45 dian word for “island.” Local historian Benjamin Barton (1798:2) cited information sent to him by Heckewelder noting that Munsee people known to him thought their name came from the word monnisi, a term referring to a long part of an island or a peninsula. Heckewelder added that many Munsees believed that their ancestors originally “lived in or under a lake.” Commenting on Heckewelder’s assertion, Lion G. Miles (personal communication, 2006) observed that the root of the Dutch word, bachom, in the inscription “Minnesinck ofte de landt van Bachom” (Minnesinck or the Land of Bachom), on various states of the Jansson-Visscher map of the region produced between the 1650s and 1777 (Campbell 1965), could mean “basin or artificial lake.” Miles also directed me to the work of another early local historian, Samuel Eager (1846), who interpreted Minisink as a word meaning, “land from where the water had gone.” Eager attributed his translation to Indians who thought that an ancient cataclysmic breach at the Delaware Water Gap drained an ancient lake above the Kittatinys. Wyoming and Oquaga (see in Part 2 entries in New York and Pennsylvania Central below). Their determined efforts to drive colonists from the area during the final French and Indian War and throughout the following Revolutionary War years failed. Those trying to return to their homes in the valley after the fighting stopped found themselves terrorized by indiscriminately murderous “Indian killers” like Tom Quick. Most finally gave up and moved away, joining other Delawares in exile far from their ancestral homeland. MOONACHIE (Bergen County). Whritenour thinks that Moonachie sounds exactly like a Munsee word, *moonahkuy, “dug up land.” He also thinks that the earliest known form of the name, Minckacque, sounds like a Munsee word, *meengahkwuw, “there are great trees.” Today, Moonachie is the name of a borough situated on low hill and a creek that flows into the nearby Hackensack Meadowlands. The name in the form of Minckacque was initially noted in a boundary confirmation of an earlier sale of land at present-day Moonachie made on October 26, 1661 (Winfield 1872:78). Subsequently noted for the quality of its farmland, the locality 46 was known during the early 1800s as Peach Island before reverting to its Delaware Indian name in the forms of Monachie and the name’s original source as a Dutch word, naaktpunkt, meaning “bare point.” Nelson’s subsequent talks with local old timers who remembered it as an Indian name led him to deeds dated between 1686 and 1709 that contained the marks of an Indian signatory’s name variously spelled Nackpunck, Machpunk, Moghopuck, and Mackapoekat. Despite this discovery, the Dutch spelling that he selected to identify the name of the brook in the formal act incorporating the Borough of Totowa remains on present-day maps. NAMANOCK (Sussex County). Whritenour thinks that Namanock sounds much like a Munsee expression, ne meenaxk, “that fort.” Like similarly spelled Nanuet in New York and Naraneka in Connecticut, Namanock is apparently another typographical representation of Nowenock, a sachem whose documented range of social and political action extended from the lower Housatonic River valley across the mid-Hudson region to the upper Delaware River valley from the 1680s to the 1720s. Today, Namanock is the name of an island located on the New Jersey side of the Delaware River one mile south of Minisink Island. Ruttenber (1906a:222) wrote that Reverend Casperus Freymout referred to present-day Namanock as “an island so called” in 1737. Colonists built Fort Namanock nearby at the beginning of the last French and Indian War in 1756. The fort Beyond Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet they fell prey to demolition teams clearing land for the proposed Tocks Island Dam and Reservoir. Both the Fort Namanock archaeological site and Namanock Island presently are located in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area established after the dam project was cancelled. The hamlet of Normanook, located several miles southeast of Namanock Island in the Stoke’s State Forest where the now-demolished Normanook Fire Tower formerly stood, bears a slightly different spelling of the name. NISHUANE (Essex County). Whritenour thinks that Nishuane may be a Munsee word, *niishuahne, “double stream.” Today, Nishuane is the name of a brook,