[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] middle creek. A translation of “Middle river” for Loyalhanna can be formed by combining the Delaware word (1834:370) thought that the name of the stream he identified as Puckita came from the Delaware Indian word pachgita, “throw it away, abandon it.” It was subsequently noted as Pocketo’s Run and Poke Run on Howell’s map of 1792. Today, seven-mile-long Pucketa Creek and its Little Puketa Creek tributary flow across the mining country astride the Allegheny-Westmoreland county line into NEMACOLIN (Fayette, Greene, and Washington counties). Nora the Allegheny River at New Kensington just east of the City of PittsThompson Dean (in Weslager 1976:147) thought that the pronun- burgh. ciation of Nemacolin as nay-mah-ko-lend sounded much like a Southern Unami word meaning “he for whom something has been PUNXSUTAWNEY (Jefferson County). Heckewelder (1834:364) envisioned.” Colonial writers identified Nemacolin as the eldest son wrote that Punxsutawney sounded much like a Delaware Indian of the Brandywine Delaware sachem Checochinican. Youngstown word, pongus uteney, “the habitat of the sand fly or gnat.” On July Sheet and Tube Company executives gave the sachem’s name to a 19, 1772, Heckewelder’s colleague Ettwein (in Jordan 1901:213) company town they established in 1917 in Greene County to house passed by what he called “Ponksutenink, i.e. ‘the town of the employees working coal seams in the area. Nemacolin also serves ponkis.’” Ettwein further noted that “the word is equivalent to living as the name of an airport in Fayette County and a golf course name dust and ashes, the vermin being so small as not to be seen, and in the county of Washington. Portions of present-day U.S. Route 40 their bite being hot as sparks of fire or hot ashes.” between the Potomac and Monongahela rivers follow the route of The place was first mentioned in a journal dictated by two the National Road (opened in 1818) along a trail cleared by Nema- Pennsylvania German-speaking settlers taken captive by a Delaware colin and Thomas Cresap between 1749 and 1750 known as Nema- war party in the fall of 1755 as Puncksotonay or Eschentown, Gercolin’s Path. east in the Delaware Indian homeland. that he was well acquainted with the Indian who bore the name. Beyond Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet 115 Mahr (1957:156-157) found fault with Heckewelder’s first translation and regarded his second as even less likely. He instead noted that Pematuning, the earliest known spelling of the name entered on Thomas Hutchins’ map of 1764, looked very much like a Munsee word, *piim’attoon’nk, “here are facilities for sweating oneself.” Hutchins’ Pematuning locale was subsequently recorded as the site of the Pymatuning Indian Town shown in the 1792 Howell map. Pymatuning prominently appears on modern-day maps as the name of the 30-mile-long Pymatuning Creek that flows into the Pymatuning Reservoir, the 21,122-acre Pymatuning State Park on the reservoir’s banks, several other locales in the Pymatuning and Shenango (see both below) valleys, and other places across the state line in Ohio (see in Part 2 below). QUEBEC ODANAK (Nicolet-Yamaska Regional County Municipality). Odanak, an Eastern Algonquian Abenaki word meaning “in the village,” is the name of an Indian Reserve within the city limits of Pierreville located where the St. François River flows into the St. Lawrence River northeast of the City of Montreal. Several of the reserve’s residents, most of whose ancestors originally came from New England, can trace descent to Wappinger (see above in New York in Part 1) and other Munsee refugees from the Hudson River valley. Wappingers and other Munsees began settling at the Jesuit mission of St. François at present-day Odanak around the same time other Delawares left their homeland to start new lives in central and western New York and Pennsylvania. 118 Beyond Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet MASSACHUSETTS STOCKBRIDGE (Berkshire County). The Town of Stockbridge bears the name of the Housatonic Valley Indian mission town founded in 1736 by Mohican Indian community leaders Konkapot and Umpachenee in cooperation with missionary John Sergeant of the Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge (Frazier 1992). The town’s predominantly Mohican population included several members of the Nimham family (see above in New York in Part 1) and other displaced Munsee-speaking Wappinger Indians and their relatives from the Hudson River valley. The Nimhams were among the many Stockbridge Indian families who lost kinsmen who joined the Continental Army to fight against the British during the Revolutionary War. Finding themselves a minority in their own community after the war ended, most of the town’s Indian residents relocated to the New Stockbridge community (see in New York in Part 2 above) established on Oneida land in 1785. Joined there by Delaware Indians who gave up their reservation at Brotherton (see Indian Mills in New Jersey South in Part 1) in 1801, they were ultimately forced farther west, where many of their descendants today Monongahela