[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] land in the area (Wojciechowski 1985:105). 1880s when it was given to the Connecticut State Soldiers Home for Civil War veterans and the railroad station built to serve the facility. Local traditions assert that Noroton comes from Norporiton, an alleged Indian name for the local river not found in colonial records, Trumbull (1881:40, 62), however, thought that Noroton was probably an altered form of Rowayton (see below). NORRANS. Norrans Ridge and Norrans Ridge Drive are located in the Town of Ridgefield. The name first appeared in local records as Nawranawoos Ridge in 1712 (Sanders 2009). It is perhaps another name preserving the memory of the sachem Nowenack (see Naraneka above, Manayunk and Nanuet in New York in Part 1, and Namanock in New Jersey North in Part 1). NORWALK. Whritenour thinks that Norwalke, the earliest documented form of Norwalk, sounds like a Munsee word, *nalawahkuy, “peaceful land.” Norwalk presently is the name of a river, a harbor, a city, and much else in the Norwalk Valley. The name appeared early in the area’s records, first noted in the September 8, 1640, Indian deed to land between the Norwalke and Soakatuck rivers (see Saugatuck below) from their mouths “to the middle of the said rivers, from the sea a day’s walk into the country” (in Robert Bolton 1881 1:389-390). The name has seen constant service on Connecticut maps ever since. Today, the 21-mile-long Norwalk River rises from its headwaters at the junction of several streams flowing from ponds and swamps in the Town of Ridgefield past numerous locales bearing its name to the place where its waters join those of Long Island Sound at Norwalk Harbor. ORENECA. See NARANEKA OWENOKE. Owenoke Park is a well-preserved early twentiethcentury private beachfront community located on Owenoke Point on the shore of Long Island Sound. It was named for the son of the local sachem Ponus (see Ponus below and Peningo in New York in Part 1), who put his mark alongside his father’s name on the July 1, 1640, deed to land in the area (in Robert Bolton 1881 2:104). The name is also preserved as Oenoke, a street name that has been on New Canaan maps for more than a century. The stretch of Connecticut State Route 124 that runs from the Town of New Canaan north to the state line with New York is called Oenoke Ridge Road. The name also occurs as Oenoke Place, a small side street in the City of Stamford. PAPURAH. Papurah Road is located in the Lake Hills development built in 1952 in the Town of Fairfield. Members of the Fairfield Historical Society provided the developer with the somewhat respelled name that originally appeared as Pupurah in the October 6, 1680, Indian deed and as Papuree, the lead signatory to the April 28, 1684, confirmation of an earlier sale of land in the area (in Wojciechowski 1985:101, 105). mile-long stream. Nearly identical spellings of the name of the Pequannock River in New Jersey and the Pequonnock River in Connecticut represent one of several lines of evidence linking Indian people in both places. Others include co-occurrences of the group and place names Ramapo and Wappinger (the latter variously identified as Waping, Oping, and Pompton in New Jersey) in both places also known as residences of prominent sachems such as Nowenock, Taphow, and Taparnekan who were active in political affairs in both locales. Colonists in Connecticut first noted what several presentday scholars regard as Paugusset-speaking people identified as Panaquanike (soon regularized to Pequonnock) Indians on April 27, 1639 (in Wojciechowski 1985:85). Other colonists moving into the area later in the century noticed that their Pequonnock Indian neighbors maintained close kinship connections with Munsee-speaking people living on land farther west along the New York–New Jersey border that Connecticut colonists regarded as territory within their province’s coast to coast charter limits. Each of these colonies did their best to limit these relations by enacting laws requiring Indians to restrict land sales to clients authorized by provincial officials and by establishing other regulations prohibiting unauthorized visits from foreign Indians. The appearance of Pequonnock Indian men such as the below) that endure to the present day. Today, the name occurs widely in and around western Connecticut’s Pequonnock River valley. PONUNCAMO. Ponuncamo Road is another of the Indian names provided by the Fairfield Historical Society to the developer of the Lake Hills subdivision in 1952. Ponuncamo was a prominent Indian participant in several land sales made in the area during the 1660s (in Wojciechowski 1985:95-96). PONUS. The name of this sachem, who sold several tracts of land along the present-day Connecticut–New York border, is preserved as Ponus Ridge and Ponus Ridge Avenue in New Canaan, as Ponus Avenue in the City of Norwalk, and in other locales discussed in the entry for Peningo in