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Beyond Manhattan: A Gazetteer of Delaware Indian History

Robert S. Grumet (2014) 800 words

[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] South Branch of the Raritan River two miles below Clinton Township. The name was first mentioned as “a branch of Raritan River called Capooauling,” in the November 11, 1703, deed to a tract of land between the South Branch of the Raritan and the Delaware River (New Jersey Archives, Liber AAA:434-435). Indians may have used the short, level stretch of land between the head of Cakepoulin Creek and the uppermost reach of Neshisakawick Creek (see below) as a portage route when traveling between the Raritan and Delaware valleys. A version of the early spelling of the word has recently been resurrected as the name given to the 68-acre Capoolong Creek Wildlife Management Area. CUSHETUNK (Hunterdon County). Whritenour thinks that an early form of this name, Coshawson, sounds somewhat similar to a Munsee word, *kaanzhasun, “great or amazing stone.” Today, Cushetunk is the name of a mountain, a reservoir, a park preserve, and several roads in and around Clinton Township. Water pumped into the bowl-shaped depression at the center of Cushetunk Mountain from the nearby South Branch of the Raritan River fills the Round Valley Reservoir created in 1960 by dams built across gaps along the mountain’s almost circular rim. Rising sharply above the low rolling flatlands that surround it, Cushetunk has been known by its present name since it was identified as the “mountain called by the Indians Coshawson” in a deed to land in the area signed on November 11, 1703 (New Jersey Archives, Liber AAA:434-435). The name in the form of Cushetunk was later given to the railroad station and the hamlet that grew up around its tracks just to the east of the mountain. More recently, the name has been given to the 380acre Cushetunk Mountain Nature Preserve and to Cushetunk Lake ASSUNPINK (Mercer and Monmouth counties). Nora Thompson and Public Park along the lower stretch of the South Branch of Dean (in Boyd 2005:444; also in Lenape Language Preservation Rockaway Creek at the west end of the hamlet of White House. Project 2011) identified Assunpink as a Southern Unami word sounding much like ahsen’ping, “rocky place that is watery or a HAKIHOKAKE (Hunterdon County). The headwaters of nineplace where there are stones in the water.” Assunpink is presently mile-long Hakihokake Creek rise along the south-facing slopes of the name of a creek, a dam, a lake, a wildlife management area, and Musconetcong Mountain (see below). The small streams join tomuch else in central New Jersey. The 23-mile-long main branch of gether just below the hamlet of Little York to fall into the Delaware Assunpink Creek rises in Monmouth County above the 6,324-acre River in the Borough of Milford. Colonists moving into the area Assunpink Creek Wildlife Management Area before entering Lake during the mid-1750s called the creek and the mill erected at the Assunpink. From there, it runs through rural Mercer County back junction of its upper branches Quequacommissicong (Moreau country, parklands, and swamps into the City of Trenton, where its 1957:21). The modern-day standardized spelling of Hakihokake waters join those of the Delaware River at the Falls of the Delaware. Creek made an early appearance in Gordon’s (1834:154) gazetteer. The name first appeared in Lindeström’s 1655 map (in A. Johnson 1925: Map A) as “Asinpinck affallit” (affallit is Swedish HARIHOKAKE (Hunterdon County). Harihokake Creek is an ASSISICONG (Hunterdon County). Whritenour thinks that Assisicong sounds much like the Munsee word asiiskoong, “place of mud,” or “place of clay.” Assisicong Creek is the name of a threemile-long creek that flows into the South Branch of the Raritan River across from the 26-acre Assisicong Marsh Natural Area just north of the Borough of Flemington. The name first appeared in 1703, initially spelled Asiukowoshong and Asunowoshong in the June 5 deed to land between the Neshanic River (see below) and the South Branch of the Raritan (New Jersey Archives, Liber AAA:443-445), and subsequently as Asurhwoorkong in the November 11 deed to land between the South Branch and the Delaware River (New Jersey Archives, Liber AAA:434-435). On October 7, Beyond Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet eight-mile-long stream in Alexandria Township that flows into the Delaware River just south of the mouth of its near namesake Hakihokake (see above). The nearly identical spellings of both creek names may represent a kind of gentle corrective of an earlier undocumented surveyor’s error mistaking the adjoining separate drainages as parts of a single watershed. HOPATCONG (Morris and Sussex counties). Whritenour suggests that Hopatcong sounds similar to a Munsee word, (eenda) xwupeekahk, “(where) there is deep water or a lot of water.” Today, Hopatcong is the name of New Jersey’s largest lake as well as the name of the borough and state park located along its southern shore. The name was first noted in the Mackseta Cohunge Purchase (Whritenour thinks the latter name sounds like the