[Robert S. Grumet (2014)] a township (estabNORMANOOK. See NAMANOCK lished in 1824) on the New Jersey side of the Delaware Water Gap absorbed into adjacent Hardwick in 1997 after Pahaquarry TownORATON (Essex County). Today’s Oraton Parkway is one of sev- ship’s permanent population dropped to 12 residents. eral places commemorating the memory of the sachem Oratam, a John Reading, Jr. (1915) first used the name PahuckaquaHackensack Indian leader who played a prominent role in intercul- long to identify the hills at the Delaware Water Gap during surveys tural affairs in the lower Hudson River valley between 1643 and conducted in 1715 and 1719. The name was later affixed to the Pe1669. The parkway was originally designed by the Olmsted Broth- choquealin Path or Lower Road presently celebrated as an UnderBeyond Manhattan, Robert S. Grumet 47 ground Railroad route through the Poconos. It also served as the name of the Pahaquarry Copper Mine, near today’s Copper Mine campground, whose role in regional Old Mine Road lore is assessed critically in Kraft (1995). The old mine was taken over in 1937 by the Boy Scout council serving the greater Trenton area. The Boy Scouts operated Camp Pahaquarra at the locale until the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers acquired the land in 1971 for its since-cancelled Tocks Island Dam project. Pahaquarry survives on maps in the area as the name of a street in the Warren County seat of Belvidere within sight of the Delaware Water Gap. PAMRAPO (Bergen and Hudson counties). Whritenour thinks that Pamrapo may come from a Munsee word, *peemaapoxkw, “overlying rock.” Pamrapo is the name of an avenue in Hudson County at the lower end of Jersey City near its border with Bayonne. The name has also been given to a side street in the Borough of Glen Rock 15 miles farther northwest in Bergen County. The name began appearing in colonial records in the present-day Bayonne area, first as the Pembrepock tract in a deed dated August 20, 1655 (Wardell 2009:80), and then as Pembrepogh in survey returns for lands within the tract entered between 1667 and 1669 (Winfield 1872:68-72). Market gardens flourishing in a part of Pamrapo initially called Salterville were celebrated in place names variously identifying the locale first as Celeryville, and later, after 1850, as Greenville (Wardell 2009:76-77). Initially a freestanding town, Greenville is now a neighborhood in Jersey City where Pamrapo Avenue runs as a through street. PAPAKATING (Sussex County). Whritenour thinks that Papakating sounds much like a Munsee word, *papakahtun, “flat mountain.” Papakating currently is the name of a hamlet and an 11-mile-long Wallkill River tributary and its West Branch affluent. The main stem of the creek rises in the Kittatiny Mountains (see above). Flowing south and east, the creek joins with its West Branch at Pellettown before falling into the Wallkill River at the presentday community of Papakating. The absence of references to names resembling Papakating in local colonial records suggests that it may be an early respelling of the place name Pahuckaqualong (see Pahaquarry above) mentioned by John Reading, Jr. (1915) in his surveys of the area. Drawing upon a nineteenth-century source, D. Becker (1964:55) noted that the name first appeared as Pepper-Cotton around the time of Deckertown) evidently drew off much of the community’s population. Those that remained renamed the place Pellettown for a locally prominent family. Today, the quiet, rural, dairy-farming locale of Pellettown bears only a passing resemblance to the formerly bustling Papakating community. PARAMUS (Bergen County). Whritenour thinks that an early spelling of present-day Paramus in the form of Parampseapuss sounds like a joining of the Dutch loanword, *pruim, “plum” with a Munsee word, shiipoosh, “creek.” Today, the Borough of Paramus 48 lies at the center of one of the nation’s largest shopping districts. It is also famous as the place where blue laws were first enacted a year after the district’s first stores opened in 1957. Officially banning “worldly employment” on Sundays, the law (which is still in force) was meant to keep roads otherwise congested by shoppers’ cars clear for local residents for at least one day a week. May 9, 1710, land sale (New Jersey Archive, Liber I:317-319). The Paramus post office was opened to serve the community along the banks of what by then was known as the Saddle River in 1797. Paramus remained a quiet agricultural hamlet until burgeoning development stimulated by the success of local market gardens, whose economic importance is thought to have inspired the Garden State’s nickname, led local residents to incorporate their community as a borough in 1922 (Wardell 2009:76). PARSIPPANY (Morris County). Whritenour thinks that Parsippany sounds like the locative form, *paasihpunung, “place of swollen tubers,” of the Munsee word paasihpuni, “of swollen tubers.” Parsippany is presently the name of a community, a lake, several roads, and a number of other